| Ontario, Toronto — Mary Ann Shadd Cary — 1823 – 1893 |
| | Mary Ann Shadd Cary was an anti-slavery activist, an advocate for the rights of women, and a pioneering woman newspaper editor and publisher. The daughter of a free African American shoemaker and abolitionist, Shadd began a life of teaching at age 16 by founding a school for African American children in the slave state of Delaware. Following the passing of the Fugitive Slave act (1850), many escaped and free African Americans (like Shadd) sought refuge in Canada. Shadd moved to Windsor, . . . — Map (db m57756) HM |
| Ontario (Middlesex County), London — The British Garrison in London |
| | In one of several concentrations of British troops in Upper Canada various infantry and artillery units were stationed on a military reserve here during the mid-19th century. The garrison, which contributed significantly to the economic growth of London, was first established in 1839 to guard against border raids following the Rebellion of 1837. Although its troops were withdrawn in 1853 to serve in the Crimean War and military duties were assumed by pensioners, it was re-occupied by British . . . — Map (db m18918) HM |
| United Kingdom, City of Edinburgh (Scotland), Edinburgh — In Memory of Scottish-American Soldiers |
| | (Front): In memory of Scottish-American soldiers
To preserve the jewel of liberty in the framework of freedom - Abraham Lincoln (North Side):Sergeant Major John M'Ewan
Co.H, 65th Regt Illinois Vol Infantry
William L Duff,
Lt Col., 2nd Illinois Regt of Artillery
Robert Steedman
Co.E, 5th Regt Maine Infantry Volunteers
James Wilkie
Co.C, 1st Michigan Cavalry
Robert Ferguson
Co.F, 57th Regt New York Infantry Volunteers (South Side):Alexander Smith . . . — Map (db m34260) HM |
| Alabama (Autauga County), Prattville — Mulbry Grove Cottage — McWilliams - Smith - Rice House |
| | Built circa, 1840s by A.K. McWilliams, this story and one-half Federal-style raised cottage with Greek Revival elements was the residence of Amos Smith, who name the town of Prattville.
The west front parlor was the meeting place where the Prattville Dragoons, a Civil War unit, was organized in 1861. Occupied for many years by George L. and Abbie Holt Smith, the house remained in the hands of their descendants until 1995. Charles Rice, a nephew by marriage of George and Abbie Smith’s son, . . . — Map (db m27982) HM |
| Alabama (Baldwin County), Fort Morgan — Noble Leslie DeVotie |
| | (Obverse): First Alabama soldier to lose life in Civil War.
DeVotie graduated in 1856 from University of Alabama; Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Princeton in 1859. In 1856 at the University of Alabama, he was chief founder of Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity, the only national social fraternity founded in the Deep South.
(Reverse): First Alabama soldier to die in Civil War.
Drowned Feb. 12, 1861 while on duty as chaplain of Alabama troops here. Before enlisting he was . . . — Map (db m4219) HM |
| Alabama (Baldwin County), Fort Morgan — The Pride of Seven Flags |
| | (East Face):
Tribute dedicated to the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives in the defense of our country here at Fort Morgan.
Here lies the pride of seven flags entombed in our ancestor’s worth, who heard the thunder of the fray break o’er the field beneath knew the watchword of the day was “Victory or Death.”
(North Face):
Dates of battles and some events relative to Fort Morgan.
1711 – Battle, France – England
1719 – Battle, . . . — Map (db m4649) HM |
| Alabama (Baldwin County), Spanish Fort — “Damn The Torpedoes!” — The Campaigns for Mobile, 1864-1965 |
| | “Damn The Torpedoes!” is the familiar battle cry, but there’s much more to the story! The Mobile Bay Civil War Trail is your guide to military movements and the way of life on and around Mobile Bay in the closing two years of the Civil War. Stand in the very spots where the action occurred during the Battle of Mobile Bay (August 1864) and the later overland effort to capture Mobile, called the Campaign for Mobile (March- May, 1865). The complete Trail stretches from the Gulf of . . . — Map (db m50606) HM |
| Alabama (Baldwin County), Spanish Fort — Stop 7 Fort McDermott: — "The Men Dig,Dig,Dig" — Civil War Trail |
| | Late on March 26, C.S. General St. John Liddell withdrew into the relative safety of Fort Blakeley and Spanish Fort, Liddell, assisted by General Francis Cockrell, assumed personal responsibility for the defense of Blakeley and put the defense of Spanish Fort in General Randall Gibson's capable hands. On the morning of the 27th, A.J. Smith, leaving an entrenched division at Sibley's Mills, wheeled around and closed in on Spanish Fort's left flank, near Bay Minette. Granger and Bertram . . . — Map (db m50597) HM |
| Alabama (Baldwin County), Spanish Fort — Stop 8 The Eighth Iowa Line: — “The Very Air Was Hot” |
| | Canby brought up his heavy guns from Stark’s Landing a process that took several days, beginning on the 28th. Supported by the Federal monitors, Chickasaw and Winnebago, Canby tried to pound the enemy into submission The Confederates naturally attempted to slow the progress of the Federal engineers and artillerists with cannon fire from Spanish Fort, Forts Huger and Tracey, and their gunboats on the river. The most deadly artillery duels occurred on April 2, 4, and 8. At first, Gibson’s command . . . — Map (db m50602) HM |
| Alabama (Barbour County), Batesville — Fort Browder/15th Alabama Infantry |
| | Fort Browder
Approximately one mile south-southwest of here stood Fort Browder, a small wooden fortification built in 1836 for protection in the last war with the Creek Indians and named for Isham Browder, a prominent local planter. In 1861, the fort witnessed the formation of a Confederate infantry company known as the Fort Browder Roughs initially commanded by Captain Moses Worthington. The Roughs were subsequently enrolled as Company D, 15th Alabama Infantry. Of the 106 officers and . . . — Map (db m60895) HM |
| Alabama (Barbour County), Eufaula — Confederate Hospital |
| | Confederate Hospital
1861 - 1865
“Sanctuary for valiant and courageous men”
Built for a river tavern 1836
Placed by Barbour County Chapter United Daughter of the Confederacy. — Map (db m27986) HM |
| Alabama (Barbour County), Eufaula — General Grierson’s March |
| | This road marks the entrance into Eufaula of Federal Troops on April 29, 1865. Lee had surrendered at Appomattox, Virginia on April 9. General Benjamin H. Grierson was advancing with four thousand cavalry from Mobile and was then about at Louisville. He had not heard of Lee’s surrender. Masters Edward Young and Edward Stern, mounted on horses and bearing flags of truce, were at once dispatched out this road, the direct route from Clayton, to meet General Grierson. They met General Grierson at . . . — Map (db m27990) HM |
| Alabama (Bibb County), Brierfield — Absalom Pratt House |
| | Absalom Pratt built this house 8 miles west of here circa 1835 though a section was constructed earlier. It was moved to this site in 1994 by the Cahaba Trace Commission, restored by the Alabama Historic Ironworks Commission, 1997-98, and dedicated by both organizations on November 15, 1998.
Born in Stokes County, North Carolina, Absalom Pratt settled in River Bend with his brothers, Hopkins, Joab and John, 1816-1818. Parents Richard and Rebecca Pratt soon followed. In 1822, Absalom . . . — Map (db m37078) HM |
| Alabama (Bibb County), Brierfield — Bibb Furnace |
| | The Bibb County Iron Company under the direction of C. C. Huckabee of Newbern, Alabama, constructed a furnace here and poured the first iron in November 1862. Within a year, the Confederate government purchased the works and completed a second and larger furnace alongside whose stack exists today. Known as the Bibb Naval Works, the facility was a major contributor of iron used for Confederate ordnance especially the Brooke cannon.
On the morning of 31 March 1865, Union General James H. . . . — Map (db m37090) HM |
| Alabama (Bibb County), Brierfield — Bibb Naval Furnaces Brierfield Furnaces — — ½ mile → |
| | Principal iron producer for Confederate foundry at Selma where naval guns and iron-clads were made.
1865 - Furnaces destroyed by Wilson’s Raiders, U. S. A.
1866 - Furnaces rebuilt and operated by Gen. Gorgas, former Ordnance Chief, C. S. A. — Map (db m37055) HM |
| Alabama (Blount County), Blountsville — Battle Royal — May 1, 1863 |
| | Nathan Bedford Forrest attacked Col. Streight’s column as it crossed Locust’s swift waters, causing the Federals to make tremendous exertions to complete the movement, contributing thereby to Streight’s eventual surrender of his entire command to Forrest some forty hours later and seventy-five miles distant from Battle Royal. — Map (db m28320) HM |
| Alabama (Blount County), Blountsville — None — Blountsville Court Square Timeline |
| | 1813: Colonel John Coffee and 800 Tennessee Volunteers see Bear Meat Cabin Cherokee Settlement near Blountsville
1816: Town settles around square
1820: Newly named Blountsville becomes county seat
1827: Town incorporated with Trustee System
1833: First courthouse built
1853: Town incorporated with new system; immediately un-incorporated
1863: Forrest-Streight Civil War Raid
1864: Rousseau Civil War Raid
1865-71: Reconstruction unrest
1880: Croquet dominates Court Square . . . — Map (db m49176) HM |
| Alabama (Blount County), Blountsville — Exploit of Murphree Sisters — Incident of May 1, 1863 during Straight (U.S.A.) - Forrest (C.S.A.) Campaign. |
| | Three prowling Union soldiers invaded home of sister-in-law of Celia and Winnie Mae Murphree taking food, drink; killing two colts.
When soldiers fell asleep, these two young girls took rifles, marched soldiers to headquarters of General Forrest, bivouacked at Royal Crossing on Warrior River. — Map (db m28319) HM |
| Alabama (Blount County), Blountsville — Federal Raid — May 1, 1863 — 1 mile south |
| | Gen. N.B. Forrest (CSA) Captured wagon train and supplies of Col. Streight's raiders (USA).
Forrest continued his relentless pursuit eastward toward final capture of Streight. — Map (db m24363) HM |
| Alabama (Bullock County), Union Springs — Log Cabin Museum/Old City Cemetery |
| | Log Cabin Museum
Early settlers of this area cleared land and built their first homes of logs in the early 1830s. This cabin was built by Reuben Rice Kirkland (1829-1915) about 1850. He and his first wife had ten children while living in the log home.
At one time an additional bedroom and chimney were on the right side, and the back porch was closed in for cooking and eating. A small log kitchen stood a few feet from the back and was later converted to a smoke house. The milk . . . — Map (db m60969) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Anniston — Major John Pelham — Was born here → — September 7, 1838 |
| | Commanded Horse Artillery of
Army of Northern Virginia, C.S.A.
Killed at Kelly’s Ford, Va.
March 17, 1863
Styled “The Gallant Pelham”
By Robert E. Lee — Map (db m36546) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Anniston — The Birthplace of the “Gallant Pelham” |
| | Major John Pelham C.S.A.
Born September 14, 1838
at the home of his Grand Parents
William McGehee and Elizabeth Clay McGehee
Erected by Forney District U.D.C.
May 5, 1937 — Map (db m36547) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — 10th Alabama Volunteers — Army of Northern Virginia, C.S.A. |
| | This regiment took part for four years in major battles of Virginia theater. It served with distinction for dash and courage, suffering heavy casualties.
Officers at regiment’s organization June 4, 1861 at Montgomery, Alabama;
Colonel John H. Forney Jacksonville
Lt. Col. James B. Martin Jacksonville
Major Taul Bradford Talladega
Co. Captain County
A John H. Caldwell St. Clair
B Alburto Martin Jefferson
C Rufus W. Cobb Shelby
D Franklin Woodruff . . . — Map (db m36465) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — Beauregard's Headquarters |
| | This house, "Ten Oaks", was headquarters for Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard, Oct. 15-23, 1864, when he coordinated the movement of Gen. J.B. Hood's army, then marching across northeast Alabama enroute to Nashville. He and his retinue, including Gov. I.G. Harris of Tenn. and Gen. M.L. Smith, were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. James Crook who erected "Ten Oaks" in 1850, the largest house in Calhoun County. Beauregard stood on the front balcony to be serenaded by the townspeople who were assembled in the . . . — Map (db m29919) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — Confederate Hospital |
| | This Church was used for a
Confederate Hospital
During the War
Between The States
Erected by
General John H. Forney
Chapter U.D.C. Sept 27, 1937 — Map (db m36539) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — Forney’s Corner |
| | Jacob Forney III lived and operated a thriving mercantile establishment at Jacksonville from 1835-56 on the south-east corner of the square. He and his wife Sabina Swope Hoke were the parents of nine children.
1. Daniel Peter - b. Feb. 24, 1819, d. Sept. 10, 1880.
2. Joseph Bartlett - b. Feb. 19, 1821, d. Aug. 14, 1881.
3. William Henry - b. Nov. 9, 1823, d. Jan. 18, 1894.
4. Barbara Ann - b. Dec. 11, 1826, d. Dec. 26, 1907.
5. John Horace - b. Aug. 12, 1829, d. Sept. 13, 1902.
6. . . . — Map (db m36450) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — General Leonidas Polk C.S.A. |
| | Bishop of Louisiana
Held service in this church 1864
Erected by General John H. Forney
Chapter U.D.C.
April 26, 1937 — Map (db m36535) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — Jacksonville, Alabama — “Gem of the Hills” |
| | Life here has long centered on education beginning in 1834 when a one-acre plot of land was reserved for a schoolhouse. Through the years, various institutions of higher learning developed that culminated into present-day Jacksonville State University. Land that was to become Jacksonville was purchased from Creek Indian Chief Ladiga in 1833. Originally called Drayton, its name was changed to Jacksonville in 1836. Jacksonville experienced a rich heritage as the county seat of Calhoun County. Its . . . — Map (db m36429) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — John Horace Forney — 1829-1902 — Major General, C.S.A. |
| | Graduate of West Point,
resigned from U.S. Army
to volunteer services
to State of Alabama.
Ably led Confederate forces
at Manassas, Pensacola,
Vicksburg, Mobile, Texas. — Map (db m36482) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — John Tyler Morgan — 1824-1907 |
| | Lawyer, Soldier, Senator
← Lived here in 1838
1862-63 Colonel of
51st Alabama Cavalry
Raised by him in this county
1863-65 Brigadier General C.S.A.
with Wheeler’s Cavalry
1876-1907 United States Senator
Distinguished Statesman
of Alabama. — Map (db m36468) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — Maj. John Pelham — 1838-1863 |
| | "The Gallant Pelham" as called by Robert E. Lee Commanded Artillery, Army of Northern Virginia. Cited for conspicuous valor many times. Killed in action in Virginia. — Map (db m29920) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — Pelham |
| | Front:
Maj. John Pelham
born in
Alexandria, Alabama
killed at the battle of Kelly's Ford
March 17, 1863
Front base:Pelham
North side:
Erected by the General John H. Forney Chapter U.D.C. Jacksonville, Alabama 1905.
East side:
How shall we rank thee upon glory's page than more than soldier — Map (db m23588) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — The Depot — Chief Ladiga Trail |
| | The Depot was constructed in 1860 by the Selma, Rome and Dalton (GA) Railroad. It was used as a transfer and storage point for Confederate troops and materials during the War Between the States. — Map (db m36443) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — Thomas A. Walker — 1811-1888 |
| | Prominent citizen of Jacksonville who served Alabama as Brigadier General, State Militia; member Legislature and Pres. of Senate; Circuit Court Judge; and Pres. Ala. and Tenn. Railroad
He owned extensive cotton plantations and mining interests throughout the state
His home, "The Magnolias", built in 1850, is an outstanding example of Southern architecture — Map (db m29921) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Jacksonville — William Henry Forney — 1823-1894 |
| | Brigadier General C.S.A.
With Army of Virginia 1861-1865.
Wounded in battle five times.
He was one of four distinguished sons
of Jacob Forney and Sabina Swope Hoke
of Jacksonville who held commissions
in the Confederate Army.
Member U.S. Congress 1875-1893
Member Gettysburg
National Military Park Commission
Veteran Mexican War 1846. — Map (db m36480) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Ohatchee — Janney Furnace |
| | The furnace was constructed by Montgomery businessman Alfred A. Janney, reportedly using slaves brought from Tennessee by a "Dr. Smith." The furnace was completed and ready to produce pig iron when, on July 14, 1864, a Union cavalry raiding force of 2,300 men, led by Major General Louvell H. Rousseau, crossed the Coosa River at Ten Islands Ford in route to destroying the railroad between Montgomery and West Point, Georgia. Learning of the location of the furnace, Rousseau dispatched his . . . — Map (db m25544) HM |
| Alabama (Cherokee County), Cedar Bluff — Cornwall Furnace |
| | The Confederate States of America in 1862 commissioned the Noble Brothers of Rome, Georgia to erect a cold blast furnace to produce needed pig iron from the war effort.
The skilled labor was detailed from Confederate army personnel. It is estimated that 1000 laborers were employed in building the canal, tunnel and mining brown hematite rock used in building the furnace in less than a year.
The furnace output was small (6 tons daily) but an important asset to the Confederacy in building . . . — Map (db m41006) HM |
| Alabama (Cherokee County), Lawrence — Gen. N.B. Forrest Captured Col. A.D. Streight Monument |
| | This marks the place where Gen. N.B. Forrest with 322 men captured Col. A.D. Streight with 466 men May 3, 1863. Erected by Forney District Ala. United Daughters of The Confederacy June 3, 1939 — Map (db m12306) HM |
| Alabama (Chilton County), Stanton — Ebenezer Church — April 1, 1865 |
| | Cavalry engagement here among fiercest of war.
To defend arsenal at Selma Forrest (CSA) charged with 1500 into Wilson (USA) moving south with 7500.
Forrest was seeking to delay Wilson pending arrival of scattered (CSA) units.
Forrest in heavy fighting to inspire men suffered sabre wound but killed opponent.
Swollen streams and intercepted orders blocked aid for Forrest, forced his retreat. — Map (db m37617) HM |
| Alabama (Cleburne County), Heflin — Cleburne County |
| | Cleburne County was created December 6, 1866, and was named for Confederate Major General Patrick R. Cleburne. He was born March 17, 1828 in Ireland. He was the South's highest ranking foreign born officer and one of one of the best of any nationality. General Cleburne was killed November 30, 1864 in the Battle of Franklin, Tennessee. — Map (db m12322) HM |
| Alabama (Coffee County), Fairview — Battle Branch — September 2, 1864 |
| | The only battle fought in Coffee County during The War Between the States
Just east of this spot, at the branch head, a battle occurred between the Coffee County Home Guards and Ward’s Raiders, a group of Confederate deserters who had terrorized southeast Alabama and burned the Coffee County court house in Elba. One raider was killed and two were captured. Four Home Guard heroes were killed: William F. Beard, Robert P. Brooks, Make Carmichael, and Thomas P. Larkin. — Map (db m54789) HM |
| Alabama (Colbert County), Barton — Civil War Skirmish at The Barton Cemetery |
| | Bullet - marked tombstones in this cemetery shows evidence of a brisk skirmish here Oct. 26, 1863, when Gen. P.J. Osterhaus's first division of Sherman's Corps came under fire from Gen. S.D. Lee's Confederate troops. CSA artillery on a hill near a frame church (Zion No. 1) opened fire at dawn and Union artillery replied from the cemetery. CSA forces retreated to Little Bear Creek. USA forces briefly occupied Tuscumbia, then retreated to Cherokee and abandoned attempt to advance along the . . . — Map (db m29114) HM |
| Alabama (Colbert County), Leighton — LaGrange College |
| | This is the site of LaGrange College Chartered in 1830 by act of the Legislature of Alabama An Institution of High Order for men attending chiefly by students from the southern states.
The college was burned April 28, 1863 by Federal Cavalry Commanded by Colonel Florence M. Cornyn under General Grandville Dodge.
Presidents
Bishop Robert Paine 1830-1846
Dr. Edward Wadsworth 1846-1852
James W. Hardy 1852-1853
Rev. Smith Moore 3 months 1853
Dr. R. H. Rivers 1854-1855
Rev. Felix . . . — Map (db m35762) HM |
| Alabama (Colbert County), Sheffield — Old Railroad Bridge |
| | (obverse)
In 1832, the Alabama legislature authorized the Florence Bridge Company to construct this bridge across the Tennessee River. In 1840, it opened as a toll bridge. Twice damaged by storms, it was reopened in 1858 as a double-decked bridge by the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. Additional piers were added to support the large wooden superstructure with trains using the upper deck while the lower deck served as a toll bridge. In April 1862, the Confederate army burned the . . . — Map (db m40596) HM |
| Alabama (Colbert County), Tuscumbia — History of Tuscumbia, Alabama |
| | The area around the Big Spring was inhabited by prehistoric Native Americans as early as 10,000 years ago. The first settlement was a French trading post and Indian village about 1780 on Cold Water Creek (Spring Creek) near the river. The first permanent white settlers were Michael Dickson and family, who arrived by keel boat about 1817, followed shortly by four brothers-in-law, Isaiah McDill, James McMann, Hugh Finley and David Matthews. Jackson's Military Road was constructed through . . . — Map (db m35414) HM |
| Alabama (Colbert County), Tuscumbia — St. John's Episcopal Church |
| | This congregation was organized in the 1830's, with services being held in private homes and the Methodist meeting house. The present building was first used in October 1852 and completed the following year. During the Civil War, Union troops occupied the church and destroyed some of the parish records. St. John's is an early example of the "carpenter's Gothic" style popular for many Episcopal churches during the mid-19th century. Damaged by a tornado in 1874, the church afterward was . . . — Map (db m28422) HM |
| Alabama (Colbert County), Tuscumbia — Tuscumbia Railway |
| | First Railroad
west of Alleghenies
1832 ~ begun here; completed to Decatur, 45 miles east, in 1834.
Cotton shipped by this line around nearby Muscle Shoals, then by boat down Tennessee ~ Mississippi R to world markets.
1851 ~ expanded to Memphis ~ Charleston RR.
A vital line in Civil War, it changed hands several times.
1898 ~ became part of Southern Railways. — Map (db m28413) HM |
| Alabama (Colbert County), Tuscumbia — Tuscumbia's Oakwood Cemetery |
| | This burial ground was designated on General John Coffee's 1817 survey and original map "Plan of a Town at the Coldwater Spring." The oldest tombstone carries the burial date 1821 and the cemetery contains graves of veterans from all wars beginning with the American Revolution, including graves of approximately 100 unknown Confederate soldiers. Captain Arthur Keller, CSA, father of Helen Keller, and Brig. General James Deshler, CSA, are buried here. — Map (db m28567) HM |
| Alabama (Cullman County), Cullman — Battle of Hog Mountain — April 30, 1863 |
| | Here Gen. Forrest (C.S.A.) overtook Col. Streight’s raiders (U.S.A.). In hand-to-hand battle after dark 3 horses shot from under Forrest, Union forces fled southward with Forrest in relentless pursuit. — Map (db m33802) HM |
| Alabama (Cullman County), Hanceville — General Forrest’s |
| | Pursuit and Union Col. Streight’s defense, from Battle Ground (26M. -NW) to capture at Lawrence (80 M. -East) - said to be greatest cavalry fight in modern warfare. It passed here May 1, 1863. — Map (db m33801) HM |
| Alabama (Cullman County), Vinemont — Battle of Day’s Gap — April 30, 1863 — ---- 6 miles west --> |
| | Here Gen. Forrest (C.S.A.) overtook larger force of Col. Streight (U.S.A.)
Forrest attacked three times. Streight fled toward Rome to destroy Confederate railroads. — Map (db m33808) HM |
| Alabama (Cullman County), Vinemont — Battleground |
| | Named after a Civil War Battle fought April 30, 1863, between Confederate troops commanded by General Nathan Bedford Forrest and Union troops commanded by Colonel Abel D. Streight. Confederates lost 50 to 75 men killed or wounded. Union lost 30 men. Shortly after the battle Union forces fled to Hog Mountain pursued by the Confederates. — Map (db m33807) HM |
| Alabama (Dale County), Ariton — Veterans Memorial Bridge - 1921 / Grist Mill - Indian Battle - Recreation |
| | (Front):Veterans Memorial Bridge - 1921This reinforced concrete river bridge, thought to be the first in Alabama. Was erected over Pea River in 1920-21 at a cost of $92,108.97. It was dedicated on August 3, 1921 as a memorial to the 57 men from Dale County who lost their lives in World War 1. Engineers were Mitcham, Keller, Smith and Land. County officials were Windham, Sessions, Roberts, Ziglar, Mullins and Archer. In 1977, through the efforts of the Dale County Historical Society, The . . . — Map (db m36511) HM |
| Alabama (Dale County), Ozark — Confederate Memorial |
| | North Face Confederate Dead West Face In memory of the Dale County Confederate soldiers, who fought in the War Between the States from 1861 to '65. South Face These were men who, by the simple manhood of their lives, by their strict adherence to the principles of right, by their sublime courage and unspeakable sacrifices, even to the heroism of death, have preserved for us, through the gloom of defeat, a priceless heritage of honor. East Face Erected by Stonewall . . . — Map (db m36564) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Cahaba — A Prison Chimney? |
| | This engraving of the Union Prison at Cahaba was published in 1877 by Benson J. Lossing. The stockade had already been removed, so the details of the brick structure are visible. The artist apparently was in a boat in the Alabama River, behind you to your right. He did record a chimney in this area.
Experts believe that the chimney standing before you today was built at a much later date. What do you think? — Map (db m22667) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Cahaba — Castle Morgan & Jesse Hawes |
| | The Union soldiers held captive in Cahaba's Civil War Prison, called the place Castle Morgan in honor of a daring Confederate raider. In 1888 Jesse Hawes published a book about his imprisonment in Castle Morgan. He drew this diagram from memory.
The water closet was located in the depressed area to the right of this sign. Hawes illustrates it as a six hole outhouse that was constantly flushed into the Alabama River by artesian well water. Jesse Hawes and two other prisoners escaped through . . . — Map (db m22668) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Cahaba — Civil War Prison |
| | In 1858, the railroad company graded away an Indian mound that stood here. A brick warehouse was built in its place. From 1863 - 1865 the Confederate government used this warehouse to hold captured Federal Soldiers. You are standing on a pile of brick rubble from this structure.
This official 1864 diagram helped archaeologists identify the actual prison site. Carefully excavated clues revealed that a proposed extension to the stockade was actually built.
If you follow the brick rubble . . . — Map (db m22666) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Cahaba — Major Hiram Solon Hanchett — 16th Illinois Cavalry - U.S. Volunteers |
| | On January 20th, 1865, Major Hanchett lead a daring, but unsuccessful escape from the military prison that was located on this spot.
He was then moved to the dungeon of the county jail, located on First North Street. In March the other Union Soldiers were sent to a parole camp in Vicksburg. Hanchett was detained because the post commandant, Lt. Col. Sam Jones believed he was a spy.
In April when Federal soldiers attacked nearby Selma, the post commandant fled Cahaba, and the citizens . . . — Map (db m22669) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — “Fairoaks” |
| | This Greek revival mansion was built c. 1853 for William B. King and named “Fairoaks” for the many trees found about the place. King was the nephew of Vice President William Rufus King. Ann B. Wilson, a half-sister of the builder, inherited it and in 1862 sold it to Judge Franklin W. Siddons.
During the Civil War and following the Battle of Selma the property was occupied by Wilson’s Raiders and used as a hospital for Union soldiers. The Siddons family was allowed to occupy two . . . — Map (db m37650) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Arsenal Anvil |
| | Anvil used in Selma’s Confederate Arsenal to make armament for Southern forces.
Presented to Sturdivant Museum Association April 1, 1961 by the Southern Railway Company which as the Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad Company purchased the anvil among scrap disposed of at the arsenal, in 1866. The anvil was in use in the railroad blacksmith shop until 1936. — Map (db m37690) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Arsenal Place — 1862 CSA 1865 |
| | This memorial marks the site of the Arsenal, a unit of the Great Ordnance Works in Selma destroyed by the Union Army April 6, 1865.
These ordnance works stood second only to those of Richmond in the manufacture of war materials for the Confederate States of America.
The work of the several thousand men, women, and children who served at the Arsenal has passed into History.
May this Memorial kindle anew in succeeding generations a patriotism founded on the knowledge of the deeds . . . — Map (db m37661) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Defense of Selma Memorial |
| | In Memoriam
Here fell brave men
in defense of their homes
April 2, 1865.
Col. William T. Minter
Rev. Arthur M. Small
Robert N. Philpot
and other valiant solders
“They fought and fell
they served us well" Lest We Forget — Map (db m37684) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Edmund Winston Pettus House Site |
| | Edmund Winston Pettus, lawyer, General C.S.A., U.S. Senator, was born Limestone County, Alabama, 1821.
Admitted to bar, 1842.
Moved to Cahaba, 1858.
Major, C.S.A., 1861.
Brigadier General, 1863.
U.S. Senator, 1897-1907.
Resided here from 1866 until death, 1907.
When in Senate, with John T. Morgan, Selma was home of both U.S. Senators from Alabama. — Map (db m38273) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Highlights of Selma History / William Rufus DeVane King 1786-1853 |
| | [Side A:]
Highlights of Selma History
Dallas County was created by Territorial Legislature Feb. 9, 1818. Selma Land Company formed Mar. 19, 1819 by George Phillips, William Rufus King, Jesse Beene, Gilbert Shearer and Caleb Tate. Selma incorporated Dec. 4, 1820. LaFayette visited 1825. First newspaper established 1827. Dallas County Male and Female Academy incorporated 1845 - was forerunner of public school system. Selma Arsenal and Confederate Naval Yard established 1862. Battle . . . — Map (db m37679) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — John Tyler Morgan House |
| | This was the residence of John Tyler Morgan (1824-1907), one of Alabama’s most honored political and military leaders. Constructed in 1859 by Thomas R. Wetmore, it was purchased by Morgan in 1865, and served for many years as his principal residence.
Morgan was a leader in the Secession Convention, ranking second only to William Lowndes Yancey in influence and power of debate. During the war he enlisted in the Confederate Army as a private and was promoted through the ranks to Brigadier . . . — Map (db m37676) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Joseph T. Smitherman Historic Building |
| | Central Masonic Institute of Alabama acquired property 1847 and erected building. Confederate Hospital during War Between the States. Dallas County Courthouse (1866-1901) on removal of County Seat from Cahaba. Presbyterian High School for Boys in early 1900’s. Acquired by Vaughan Estate 1904. Vaughan Memorial Hospital (1911-1960) in memory of Samuel Watkins Vaughan, M.D. City of Selma under Mayor Joseph T. Smitherman purchased property 1969. Dallas County & City restored original structure . . . — Map (db m37656) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Live Oak Cemetery |
| | East portion reserved for graveyard, 1829; west part purchased City of Selma, 1877.
Here are buried:
William Rufus King, 1786-1853, Vice President of U.S. 1853.
John Tyler Morgan, 1824-1907, U.S. Senator, Brig. Gen. C.S.A.
Edmund Winston Pettus, 1821-1907, U.S. Senator, Brig. Gen. C.S.A.
Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, 1829-1895, U.S. Commissioner of Education.
William J. Hardee, 1815-1873, Lt. Gen. C.S.A., author “Hardee’s Tactics.”
Catesby ap Roger . . . — Map (db m37653) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Mabry - Jones Home |
| | This Creek Revival dwelling was built c. 1850 by Dr. Albert Gallatin Mabry, a prominent physician and member of the Alabama Legislature. Dr. Mabry was a leader in organizing the Alabama State Medical Association and instrumental in passing legislation which established the State’s first hospital for the insane. This home was the residence during and after the War Between the States of Dr. Mabry’s step-daughter, Gertrude Tartt Jones, and her husband, Captain Catesby ap Roger Jones, a Confederate . . . — Map (db m38490) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Selma Navy Yard and Ordnance Works |
| | This boulder marks the site of the Selma Navy Yard and the Ordnance Works destroyed by the Federals 1865This tablet is placed in honor of the memory
of hundreds of faithful men who made these
great works a base for war material for the
entire Confederate Army and Navy.
Captain Catesby ap Roger Jones, Commandant
Capt. David De Haven
Lieut. C. C. Sims
Lieut. N. H. VanZant
Chas. F. Fahs M.D.
James Thomas M.D.
W. M. Ladd
Simeon B Reardon
George Peacock
Simon Gay
A. . . . — Map (db m37688) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — St. Paul’s Episcopal Church Est. 1838 |
| | Side A The original church, built one block south of the present site, was consecrated in 1843 by Bishop Leonidas Polk. In 1861, the second Bishop of Alabama, the Rt. Rev. Richard H. Wilmer, was elected there. During the Battle of Selma, St. Paul’s rector, the Rev. James Ticknor, was wounded and the senior warden, Robert Philpot, was killed. Union troops under Gen. James H. Wilson burned the original church April 2, 1865.
The cornerstone for the present building was laid in 1871. . . . — Map (db m37691) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — VII In. Brooke Rifle — # S-5 |
| | Cast Aug 24, 1863 in Selma at the
Confederate Naval Gun Foundry under
direction of Commander Catesby ap R. Jones.
Was the first gun shipped from the Selma
Foundry. Served as stern pivot gun on the
Selma-built ironclad ram CSS Tennessee.
During the Battle of Mobile Bay the
wounding of Admiral Franklin Buchanan
and the deaths of both men killed aboard
the Tennessee occurred at this gun.
This is the only surviving naval gun from the
Battle of Mobile Bay located in what was . . . — Map (db m37678) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Water Avenue |
| | Selma’s Water Avenue is one of the finest surviving examples of a 19th century riverfront street in the south. Located here are structures which reflect the architectural trends in commercial buildings from 1830 to 1900.
This was the main business artery of one of central Alabama’s major commercial centers. During the War Between the States Selma was the Confederacy’s most important military depot in the lower south. The arsenal and naval foundry were located here and the St. James Hotel . . . — Map (db m37669) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — White - Force Cottage |
| | This Italianate style cottage was built in 1859 by C. B. and Martha Todd White. Mrs. White, half sister of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln, was an outspoken Southern patriot, who subjected the Lincolns to severe criticism, when the Northern press accused her of using a Presidential pass to smuggle medicine and other needed supplies “through the lines” to the Confederacy. Another sister, Elodie Todd, met her future husband, Col. N. H. R. Dawson, while visiting here.
Dr. Charles F. Force, . . . — Map (db m38274) HM |
| Alabama (Etowah County), Gadsden — Emma Sansom — May 2, 1863 |
| | Here girl heroine led Forrest’s (CSA) men across Black Creek on way to capture Streight’s (USA) raiders.
This saved the railroad supplying Confederate Army of Tennessee. — Map (db m39131) HM |
| Alabama (Etowah County), Gadsden — Emma Sansom |
| | Here on the morning of May 2, 1863 Emma Sansom braved the fire of Colonel Streight’s sharpshooters as she guided General Nathan Bedford Forrest and his gallant cavalrymen to the ford at this spot where they crossed Black Creek, at that time a raging torrent. Her brave act enabled General Forrest to relentlessly pursue Colonel Streight and his army of raiders and force their surrender twenty one miles southwest of Rome. GA.
This marker is lovingly dedicated to a woman worthy of being . . . — Map (db m39340) HM |
| Alabama (Etowah County), Gadsden — Emma Sansom Monument |
| | In memory of the Gadsden Alabama girl heroine Emma Sansom, who when the bridge across Black Creek had been burned by the enemy, mounted behind Gen. Forest and showed him a ford where his command crossed. He pursued and captured that enemy and saved the city of Rome, GA. A grateful people took the girl into their love and admiration, nor will this marble outlast the love and pride that her deed inspired.
Our heroes 1861-1865
The Confederate soldiers.
These were men whom power could . . . — Map (db m12297) HM |
| Alabama (Etowah County), Gadsden — John H. Wisdom |
| | His courageous ride of warning from Gadsden to Rome, Ga. on May 2, 1863 is unsurpassed in history. — Map (db m39218) HM |
| Alabama (Etowah County), Gadsden — Turkey Town Monument — Chief Turkey-Turkey Town Valley Expedition-May We Never Forget |
| | The surrounding area and this well was part of Turkey’s Town, once a capitol of the proud Cherokee Nation. Chief Turkey was the principal chief during the late 1700’s.
On October 25, 1864, the Turkey Town Valley Expedition of the XV Corps Union Army led by Major General Peter J. Osterhaus was stopped by the Confederate Calvary led by Joseph Wheeler at this site. Total casualties: US 287 CS 92.
May we never forget the men and women of Turkey Town Valley who labored and fought to . . . — Map (db m26837) HM |
| Alabama (Etowah County), Hokes Bluff — John Henry Wisdom — (The Paul Revere Of The Confederacy) |
| | On the night of May 2nd and the morning of May 3rd, 1863, John Wisdom rode 67 miles, from Gadsden, Ala. To Rome, Ga. Under very harassing conditions, to warn the citizens of Col. A. D. Streight’s proposed march to burn and sack the city, Rome being a stronghold of the Confederacy, having an iron works and supply depot. Through this man’s efforts barricades were erected leading to the eventual surrender of Col. Streight to Gen. Bedford Forrest. John Wisdom lived his last day here and is buried nearby. — Map (db m41001) HM |
| Alabama (Hale County), Greensboro — Gayle - Tunstall House |
| | Built in 1828 by John Gayle,
sixth governor of Alabama.
Birthplace of
Amelia Gayle Gorgas,
wife of Gen. Josiah Gorgas,
Chief of Ordnance, CSA,
mother of Wm. Crawford Gorgas,
US Surgeon General who freed
Canal Zone of yellow fever.
For many years was the home
of the Hobson - Tunstall family:
Wiley C. Tunstall, member of
first Alabama R. R. Commission;
his son, Alfred Moore Tunstall,
Alabama legislator for 39 years
and twice Speaker of House. — Map (db m33744) HM |
| Alabama (Hale County), Greensboro — St. Paul’s Episcopal Church |
| | This parish established 1830.
Third oldest in Alabama diocese.
Church consecrated in 1843 by
Leonidas Polk, Bishop of Louisiana,
(later a Confederate general).
Here Nicholas H. Cobbs was chosen
first Bishop of Alabama in 1844.
First vestrymen: Dr. Richard E. Meade,
Dr. R. C. Randolph, Dr. R. W. Withers, J. Bell,
J. B. Stickney, Dr R. Inge, Frank Inge,
William Murphy, Col. Samuel Pickens. — Map (db m33747) HM |
| Alabama (Jackson County), Bridgeport — Bridgeport |
| | Vital Memphis-Charleston Railroad, "backbone of Confederacy", spanned Tennessee River here. Bridge burned several times, 1862-3.
Gen. Mitchell (US), occupying Huntsville after Battle of Shiloh, seized Bridgeport in April 1862 and held it until August.
Federals recaptured town in July 1863 as Rosecrans (US) took Chattanooga (up river).
As end of usable railway from Nashville, town became key base of operations in U.S. victory at Chickamauga and lifting siege of Chattanooga. — Map (db m12283) HM |
| Alabama (Jackson County), Hollywood — Bellefonte Cemetery / Town of Bellefonte |
| | (Front): Before the courthouse was completed, the community selected a location for a cemetery. The highest elevation in Bellefonte's corporate limits was chosen as the town's burial place. The earliest inscribed marker in Bellefonte Cemetery bears the date 1826.
The Civil War exacted a heavy toll on Bellefonte. The Federal Army burned the courthouse and the town never recovered. The town square was sold at public auction in 1878. Only the Bellefonte Cemetery remains of the bustling . . . — Map (db m30138) HM |
| Alabama (Jackson County), Scottsboro — Scottsboro Railroad Depot |
| | The Memphis and Charleston Railroad Company constructed the Scottsboro Railroad Depot in 1860-1861 as a passenger and freight facility. The rail line ran throughout the Confederacy and the Union considered its capture vital to cutting off supplies to the south. On January 8, 1865, the Depot was the site of an intense battle between 101st U.S. Colored Infantry and the 110th U.S. Colored Infantry, who held the Depot, and Confederate soldiers led by Brigadier-General H. B. Lyon. The out-numbered . . . — Map (db m22258) HM |
| Alabama (Jackson County), Stevenson — Fort Harker |
| | Constructed by the Union Army in the summer of 1862 and expanded in 1864, using soldiers and freed slaves, Ft. Harker was built on a broad hill a quarter mile east of town. It overlooked Crow Creek and was well within firing range of Stevenson's strategic railroad lines, supply depots and warehouses.
Ft. Harker was an earthen redoubt, 150 fee square, with walls 14 feet high, surrounded by an 8 foot deep dry powder moat. It contained 7 cannon platforms, a bomb-proof powder magazine, a . . . — Map (db m27944) HM |
| Alabama (Jackson County), Stevenson — Stevenson Depot and Hotel |
| | A one-story depot building was constructed here in 1853, when the railroad was first laid through Stevenson. That building burned after the Civil War and was replaced by the present brick depot and hotel in 1872.
During the Civil War, Stevenson was a hub of activity. Union and Confederate troops skirmished here and the town changed hands more than once, though Stevenson mostly lay under Union control. Troops occupied the town and a large refugee camp sprang up between the depot and Ft. . . . — Map (db m22271) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Forrest Camp No. 1435 |
| | We salute the Confederate soldier with affection, reverence, and undying devotion to the cause for which he fought. — Map (db m12240) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Jordan Home — 2834 Highland Avenue |
| | Dr. Mortimer Harvie Jordan and his wife, Florence E. Mudd, constructed their home between 1906 and 1908. After service in the Confederate army, Jordan studied medicine in Cincinnati and New York (under Alabama's famous gynecologist, Dr. J. Marion Sims). As a doctor in Jefferson County, he is especially remembered for his tireless work in the 1873 cholera epidemic. He served on the State Board of Health (1879-83), as president of the State Medical Association (1884), and as chair of materia . . . — Map (db m26743) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Oxmoor Iron Furnaces — 1863 - 1928 |
| | First blast furnace in Jefferson County erected near this site (1863) by Red Mountain Coal and Iron Co. Destroyed (1865) by Federal troops: rebuilt (1873) and second furnace added. Successful experimental run made in Furnace No. 2 (1876) using local coke and Red Mountain iron ore: this assured future growth of coal and iron industry in Birmingham area. Owned by a succession of companies, the furnaces were acquired by U.S. Steel Corp. (1907) and later dismantled (1928). — Map (db m27280) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — United Confederate Veterans |
| | In Memory of the Confederate Soldiers.
In Memory of the Women of the Confederacy.
In God we trust. — Map (db m12241) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — United Confederate Veterans — Camp Hardee No. 39 |
| | (front): United Confederate Veterans Camp Hardee No. 39 Camp Hardee No. 39 was organized as a camp of the United Confederate Veterans on August 7, 1891. This cemetery plot was acquired by the camp to provide a final resting place for the men whose valiant service had earned the undying gratitude of the South.
Past Camp Commander J. C. Abernathy led the committee which oversaw the erection of the monument which was dedicated on April 21, 1906.
In addition to the men buried here, . . . — Map (db m12487) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Wilson's Raiders — Headquarters March 28-31, 1865 |
| | Gen. James H. Wilson, USA, having crossed the Tennessee River with a large force of well equipped cavalry, grouped them here at Elyton.
Their mission: to destroy Alabama's economic facilities for supporting the War.
From these headquarters he sent;
(a) cavalry unit to burn the military school, foundries and bridges at Tuscaloosa.
(b) soldiers to destroy mines and furnaces in Jefferson, Bibb and Shelby Counties.
(c) cavalry to dash south to destroy railroads and factories at Selma. — Map (db m24358) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Clay — Wear Cemetery |
| | Established about 1850, Wear Cemetery is located off Old Springville Road to the northeast at Countryside Circle. In the 1800's the Wear family was among the first settlers of the community later known as Clay. Twenty-three remaining graves were identified and documented in 2008. The earliest known burial is that of Samuel Wear (1766-1852), an American Revolutionary War soldier who fought the British in the Battle of King's Mountain at 14 years of age. Other military veterans buried here . . . — Map (db m25113) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Homewood — Union Hill Cemetery |
| | Union Hill Cemetery is the burial grounds of many pioneers and early settlers of the Shades Valley area. It was established in the 1870s. but includes gravestones dating back to the early 1850s due to the relocation of two earlier, smaller cemeteries to Union Hill - the Daniel Watkins Cemetery in 1946 and the Enoch Anderson Watkins Cemetery in 2004. Union Hill Cemetery is also the final resting place of many veterans who served in the Civil War, Spanish - American War, WWI, WWII, and the Korean . . . — Map (db m26293) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Leeds — Jonathan Bass House Museum — Circa 1863 |
| | Jonathan Bass was born January 30, 1837, in Jefferson County. His father arrived in Jefferson County in 1816, and Jonathan was a life-long resident. Although the Bass House was under construction as early as 1863, Jonathan left the farm to join the Confederate Army in 1861. He finished the front two rooms when he returned from the war. Ruteria Watson married Jonathan on December 6, 1865. They built their home and left their descendants an uncommon example of architecture with unusual decorative . . . — Map (db m24697) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Mountain Brook — Mountain Brook |
| | In 1821 the first settlers came to this area, later called Waddell. Large numbers of people first migrated here in 1863 with the construction of the Irondale Furnace. Destroyed in the Civil War, the furnace was rebuilt and operated from 1867 to 1873. The first school was established in 1857 and the first church in 1867. The area later became known for its many dairies. In 1926 Robert Jemison, Jr. began development of modern day Mountain Brook, which became one of the most beautiful residential . . . — Map (db m26769) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Mountain Brook — Wallace S. McElwain / Irondale Furnace Ruins |
| | Wallace S. McElwain (1832-1888)McElwain trained in a gun factory in New York and in a foundry in Ohio before moving to Holly Springs, MS, where he operated Jones, McElwain and Company Iron Foundry. He was well known in the Southeast for his beautiful cast iron designs, which still adorn many buildings in the French Quarter in New Orleans. After the Civil War began, he received the first order for the production of rifles and cannons from the Confederacy. He moved his operations to Jefferson . . . — Map (db m26266) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Pinson — Jefferson Warriors |
| | In honor of the men from Mt. Pinson who formed the "Jefferson Warriors" in mid-July, 1861. Marching to Huntsville, they were mustered into the Confederate army on August 12th as Company C of the Nineteenth Alabama Infantry Regiment under the command of Colonel Joseph Wheeler. Engaged in momentous battles at Shiloh, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, Nashville, and Bentonville, N.C., the 19th suffered such losses that only 76 members of the Regiment were present at the surrender in April, 1865. — Map (db m26988) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Pinson — Pinson, Alabama |
| | Pinson, one of Alabama’s oldest communities, was settled by General Andrew Jackson’s soldiers in the early 1800s, after victory at Horseshoe Bend during the War of 1812. The community was originally known as Hagood’s Crossroads for settler Zachariah Hagood and his family. It was renamed Mount Pinson, presumably after Pinson, Tennessee, and later called Pinson. Pinson’s first post office was established in 1837. Andrew Jackson Beard, a black American who became a renowned inventor and the first . . . — Map (db m37829) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Trussville — Confederate Storehouse Burned By Federal Troops — April 20, 1865 |
| | On this site stood the stone warehouse of Captain Thomas Truss and Marcus Worthington. Stored here were meats, grains and clothing collected by the Confederate government as a war tax. Disabled C.S.A. veteran Felix M. Wood was receiver of the tax at Trussville. The building was burned by a detachment of Wilson's Raiders under the command of John T. Croxton, Brigadier General U.S. Volunteers. — Map (db m25819) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Colonel Pickett Place — 1833 |
| | This "double- pile cottage" is a rare Alabama example of Tidewater architecture that originated along the Southern seaboard during the colonial period. This house was built in 1833 by Thomas J. Crowe, proprietor of the early National hotel in Florence, as a wedding gift for his bride, Elizabeth Hooks of Tennessee. It later became the home or Richard Oric Pickett, who arrived in 1843 to become one of the town's leading attorneys. Pickett was Colonel of the 10th Alabama Infantry under General . . . — Map (db m32766) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Courtview, Rogers Hall 1855 |
| | George Washington Foster, planter, built this Greek Revival Mansion. An Act of the legislature was required to close Court Street, In fall of 1864 it was headquarters of Nathan B. Forrest, General, CSA. Foster's daughter, Sarah Independence McDonald and her family, lived here until 1900 when it became the home of Governor Emmet O'Neal. In 1922 it was acquired by Thomas M. Rogers Sr., and in 1948 by the University of North Alabama.
Listed Historic American Buildings Survey National Resister of Historic Places. — Map (db m28868) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Florence Cemetery — -1818- |
| | When the city was surveyed this land described as "outside the city limits" was designated as the burying grounds for the new town. It contains the graves of early settlers, including a son and brother of Ferdinand Sannoner, Surveyor of Florence, and served as the principal cemetery for over 130 years. Two former Governors in the O'Neal family, as well as many prominent community leaders and families are interred here. "Soldiers Rest", a Confederate Cemetery, is located near the south property line. — Map (db m28403) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — General Hood's Narrow Escape — December 26, 1864 |
| | Following his tragic defeat at Franklin and Nashville, General John B. Hood managed to escape over the Tennessee River at Bainbridge Ferry, a few miles south of here on December 26, 1864. Two corps under General Benjamin Cheatham and Stephen D. Lee were the first to cross, followed by men under General Alexander P. Stewart. General Nathan B. Forrest and Edward C. Walthall were the last to escape over this treacherous pontoon crossing which narrowly missed becoming one of history's bloodiest fields of slaughter. — Map (db m35258) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — McFarland Park and Recreation Area |
| | This bottom land serves as a reservoir for TVA's flood control program.
Florence leases it for recreational purposes when not being used by TVA.
Major Robert McFarland, a native of Ireland, his wife, Kate Armstead McFarland, and their seven children resided in the ante~bellum mansion now called Mapleton that overlooked this river bottom. Strawberries were once grown here.
Jobless families were encouraged to plant vegetables gardens here during the Great Depression. Major McFarland rode . . . — Map (db m28453) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Simpson House~Irvine Place~Coby Hall |
| | Built by John Simpson in 1843, on the site of his earlier home, this residence was occupied at various times by both armies during the Civil War. Purchased in 1867 by George W. Foster, builder of Courtview, for his daughter, Virginia, and her husband, James B. Irvine. Their daughter, Virginia, left the home to her great-niece Harriett Rogers King in 1939. Mrs. King and her husband, Madding restored Irvine Place in 1948. Acquired in 1990 by David Brubaker, and donated to the University of North . . . — Map (db m45808) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Soldier's Rest — -1862- |
| | This area is the military cemetery for Confederate Soldiers. After an 1862 skirmish in the streets of Florence, it was used to bury casualties until the end of the Civil War. Many unknown Confederates and a few unknown Union soldiers rest here. After the war it was reserved for Confederate veterans and their families. In 1977, the historic plot was deeded by the United Daughters of the Confederacy to insure its preservation and perpetual care. — Map (db m28402) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Sweetwater — 1828 |
| | Home of Major John Brahan, veteran War of 1812.
Major General, Alabama Militia, who owned 4,000 acres here. Built of bricks made on the place, marble mantels imported from Italy, boxwood hedge from London. Named for spring nearby.
Federal and Confederate quarters here at various times during the Civil War.
Home of Brahan’s son–in–law Robert M. Patton,
Governor of Alabama, 1865–1868. — Map (db m28404) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Wesleyan Hall 1855 |
| | Chartered 1856 as Florence Wesleyan University, R.H. Rivers, President. Regarded as North Alabama's most eminent landmark, this Gothic Revival Structure was designed by Adolphus Heiman, Nashville, And built by Zebulon Pike Morrison, Florence, as new home for LaGrange College (organized 1830 by Methodists). Used by both armies at various times during Civil War. Deeded to State of Alabama, 1872, as first coeducational teacher training institution south of Ohio River. School expanded to become . . . — Map (db m28864) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Wheeler Rifles — ~Organized 1888~ |
| | Prior to the repeal of the Militia Act in 1902, states maintained their own militia. One of the last militia in Florence and Lauderdale County was the Wheeler Rifles.
Organized in 1888, under the command of Captain Julian Fields, it was named for U.S. Congressman Joseph Wheeler, a Confederate hero who later commanded the U.S. Cavalry in Cuba. The Wheeler Rifles, under the command of Captain William Martin, was the first militia company in Alabama to volunteer for service in the . . . — Map (db m32774) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Rogersville — General Joseph Wheeler — Soldier ~ Statesman ~ Patriot |
| | "Trusted, honored, and loved by the people of Alabama for his splendid character and distinguished service as a citizen and soldier.
Born September 10, 1836, in Augusta, Georgia, Joseph Wheeler graduated from West Point in 1859, and was commissioned A 2nd Lt., U.S. Army. In 1861, he resigned his commission and offered his services to the Confederate States of America.
His devotion to duty and tireless efforts resulted in rapid promotion from 1st Lt. to Colonel of the 19th Alabama Inf., . . . — Map (db m37484) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Waterloo — Wilson's Headquarters and Camp — Gravelly Springs, Alabama |
| | At this site from mid-January to mid-March 1865, Maj. Gen. James Harrison Wilson, U.S. Army, assembled the largest cavalry force ever massed in the western hemisphere. Five divisions totaling 22,000 camped from Gravelly Springs westward to Waterloo. Wilson made headquarters a mile east of the springs at Wildwood plantation, the boyhood home of Alabama senator and governor, George Houston. After intensive training Wilson's Cavalry crossed the Tennessee to invade South Alabama and Georgia, a . . . — Map (db m32770) HM |
| Alabama (Lawrence County), Oakville — Streight's Raid |
| | On 26 Apr 1863, a Union raiding party of 1500 including the 51st and 73rd IN, 3rd OH, 18th IL. and local men from two companies of the 1st AL. Calvary left Tuscumbia for Russellville. Led by Col. Abel Streight, their objective was to cut Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's railroad supply lines at Rome, GA. As a diversion, Gen. G.M. Dodge with some 8000 Union troops moved into northern Lawrence County to occupy the attention of Gen. Nathan B. Forrest. While Dodge distracted Forrest, Streight . . . — Map (db m36032) HM |
| Alabama (Lawrence County), Wheeler — Home of Gen. Joseph Wheeler — 1836~1906 |
| | "Fighting Joe Wheeler"
Confederate Cavalry Commander of Army of Tennessee.
Major~General, Cavalry,U.S.A. in Spanish American War
Soldier~Statesman~Author~Planter
One of Alabama's representatives in the Statuary Hall in Washington. — Map (db m29556) HM |
| Alabama (Lee County), Auburn — Auburn University Chapel |
| | Side A:
The University Chapel is the oldest public building in the city of Auburn. Built as a Presbyterian Church, the first service was held in the original Greek Revival-style building on September 13, 1851. Edwin Reese, spiritual leader of the tiny congregation, had the bricks made by slaves on his plantation. The founder of the town, Judge John J. Harper, gave the land. The first minister was the Rev. Albert Shotwell. The small church has seen several renovations over the years, . . . — Map (db m39831) HM |
| Alabama (Lee County), Auburn — The Lathe |
| | Built in Selma, Alabama, during the early part of the Civil War for the manufacture of military supplies for the Confederate Army. During the war an attempt was made to move it to Columbus, Georgia to prevent its being seized by Federal troops. En route, it was buried for a time near Irondale, Alabama. When the danger of capture had passed, it was dug up and moved to Columbus, where it was used for boring cannon until the end of the war. After the war, the lathe was used by the Birmingham . . . — Map (db m39815) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Athens — A County Older Than the State — Limestone County |
| | created Feb. 6, 1818 by Alabama Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by Cherokee Nation 1806 and by Chickasaw Nation in 1816. Named for creek (and its limestone bed), which runs through county.
Few settlers here until Indian treaties.
Athens became county seat in 1818.
Limestone was the first Alabama county to be occupied by Federal troops during the Civil War. — Map (db m29109) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Athens — Athens First Presbyterian Church |
| | This church was organized in 1829 as a Cumberland Presbyterian church by the Revs. Robert Donnell, John Morgan and Allen Gipson.
After first using an interdenominational building, a church was built on West Washington street in 1852.
This was badly damaged during the Civil War and worshippers met at the Baptist Church. Sufficient money was raised to begin the building of the present church, "On the Square", which was completed in 1895, less than ten years before this church joined the . . . — Map (db m29105) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Athens — Athens Sacked and Plundered |
| | On May 2, 1862, Union troops of the 19th and 24th Illinois and the 37th Indian Regiments commanded by Col. John Basil Turchin went on a rampage thought the town. They looted and plundered stores and homes, stealing clothing, jewelry and anything of value, destroying what they didn't want. For months afterward, the soldiers stabled their horses in some of the town's churches, burned the pews for firewood and destroyed the interiors. Col Turchin, born Ivan Vasillevich Turchinoff in Russia, was . . . — Map (db m29108) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Athens — Athens, Alabama |
| | (Side A): Athens was incorporated in 1818, one year prior to the admission of Alabama as the 22nd state. It is the seat of Limestone County, created by an act of the Alabama Territorial Legislature. Athens has a legacy of providing quality education for residents. In 1822, citizens purchased land for the establishment of the Athens Female Academy. Now Athens State University, the campus continues to serve the community. The fertile lands around the town were cleared by early settlers . . . — Map (db m37909) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Athens — Fort Henderson / Trinity School - 1865-1970 |
| | Fort Henderson Built on this site in 1863 by federal forces occupying Athens. It was a five-sided earthen fort with some frame buildings and underground bomb-proofs. Abatis lined the fifteen-foot deep perimeter ditch, a small portion of which is still visible. On September 24, 1864 after a brief fight and a clever ruse orchestrated by Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest, the fort and its 900 man garrison of mostly the 110th U.S. colored infantry were surrendered. After moving the . . . — Map (db m41787) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Elkmont — Battle of Sulphur Creek Trestle |
| | On Sept. 25, 1864 Gen. N.B. Forrest's Confederate cavalry, with Morton's battery of 4 guns, attacked and captured the Union fort near here. The fort consisted of a square redoubt, rifle pits, two blockhouses, and some frame buildings. It protected a large railroad trestle about a mile E. of here. After a demand for surrender was refused by Col. Lathrop, the Union commander, the Confederates attacked, supported by 800 rounds of artillery fire. Over 200 Union officers and men, including Col. . . . — Map (db m60870) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Elkmont — Elkmont, Alabama / Tenn. & Ala. Central Railroad |
| | Front The earliest settlers to this area moved across the Chickasaw boundary before 1810 and established the Sims and New Garden settlements. The area came to be known as Elkmont, for the once abundant elk, the Elk River and the "mount" on which it sat. It began to flourish with the completion of the Tennessee and Alabama Central Railroad in 1859. The name of the Fort Hampton post office, established in 1859, was changed to Elkmont in 1866. Elkmont grew to be a commerce center for . . . — Map (db m40807) HM |
| Alabama (Limestone County), Tanner — Gen. N.B. Forrest, C.S.A. — North Alabama Raid — September 23-30, 1864 |
| | Hemmed in by superior forces Forrest's fast~moving cavalry raided and destroyed Union supply lines and strong points, captured 2,360 men, valuable Stores.
By swift action, surprise and bluff Forrest disrupted Union military plans from Decatur to Columbia. — Map (db m29104) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Gurley — Town of Gurley |
| | Located on land owned by John Gurley, pioneer settler, and named for him. His son, Capt. Frank B. Gurley, became a Confederate hero as a member of the 4th Ala. Cavalry. The settlement that developed around the water tank on Memphis and Charleston R.R. was known as Gurley's Tank. Post office established in 1866 as Gurleysville and town incorporated as Gurley in 1891. Madison County High School located here in 1907. Last hometown of Senator and Mrs. C.C. Clay, Jr. — Map (db m30574) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — Birthplace of General Morgan — the Rebel Raider |
| | In this house John Hunt Morgan was born June 1, 1825. This dashing cavalry leader of the Confederacy was killed at Greeneville, Tenn., Sept. 4, 1864. This house, built in 1823, was the home, 1849-1949, of the heirs of Stephen Neal, Madison County's first Sheriff. — Map (db m32556) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — Confederate Monument |
| | Erected on November 21, 1905, a handsome monument was dedicated to the Confederate dead by the Virginia Clay Clopton Chapter #1107 United Daughters of the Confederacy of Huntsville, and was unveiled with proper ceremonies in which many veterans of North Alabama participated. The unveiling of the Confederate monument attracted the largest gathering of veterans that has been seen here since the reunion of 1891. The monument depicted a Confederate private with his musket at parade rest. The . . . — Map (db m27784) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — Methodism brought into area 1807 First United Methodist Church — Huntsville, Alabama |
| | Methodist Society organized at Hunt’s Spring prior to formation of Madison County, served 1808-1820 by Flint Circuit traveling ministers. First Church built 1821 NW corner Clinton and Gallatin Streets. Present site acquired 1832, church completed 1834, occupied and accidentally burned by Federals 1864. Cornerstone laid 1867 for present sanctuary, dedicated 1874. — Map (db m27790) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — Passenger Depot — Huntsville, Alabama — Built 1860 |
| | Memphis and Charleston Railroad Company Eastern Division headquarters in this passenger depot, adjoining yards and ships captured by Union Army April 11, 1862. Vital east-west Confederate rail link severed; C.S.A. soldiers imprisoned here. Depot later used by Federal as base for gathering supplies for Western Theater military operations. After Civil War returned to M.&C.R.R. Co.; acquired by Southern Railway System 1898; since 1971 preserved by City of Huntsville. National Register of Historic Places 1971. — Map (db m22436) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — Site of Green Academy |
| | Chartered in 1812. Leading educational Institution. Long prominent in training leaders of North Alabama. Occupied by Federal troops, 1862. Building burned, 1864. Site of city schools since 1882. Location used only for school purposes. Alabama Historical Association 1955 — Map (db m55724) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — The Leroy Pope Mansion 1814 |
| | During the original Madison County Land Sales of 1809, LeRoy Pope of Petersburg, GA, secured among other purchases a majority of Section 36, Township 3, Range 1 West, the site of the future town of Twickenham, as Huntsville was originally known. Pope created Poplar Grove Plantation on this site and erected his home in 1814 in time to entertain Gen. Andrew Jackson on his return from the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The residence was among the earliest brick structures in Alabama. Inherited by his . . . — Map (db m32480) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — Trough Springs |
| | Well known spring in the 1800's where travelers watered horses and livestock before crossing Monte Sano on Big Cove Pike. In late 1863, Captain Lemuel Mead's Partisan Rangers attacked railroads, wagon trains, and forage parties behind enemy lines in North Alabama and Tennessee. On March 11, 1865, they reorganized as a regiment with the 25th Alabama Cavalry Battalion under Milus E. "Bushwhacker" Johnston. On May 11, 1865, Lt. Colonel Johnston surrendered the combined command to Union Army . . . — Map (db m28195) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Madison — Affair at Madison Station / Affair at Indian Creek Ford — May 17, 1864 / December 23, 1864 |
| | [Front]
The largest engagement of the Civil War in Madison County was fought during a driving rainstorm here at the site of the railroad depot. Under the command of Col. Josiah Patterson, the Confederate forces (~1000 cavalry and a battery of artillery) crossed the Tennessee River near Triana and attacked a garrison of ~350 men of the 13th Illinois Infantry. Union forces fell back along the railroad toward Huntsville to Indian Creek. They counterattacked after being reinforced by . . . — Map (db m28785) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Madison — White Hall — 1878 |
| | This site was the farm of Gilbert G. White Jr., his wife Nancy L. White, and family from 1947 to 2005. Mr. White lived here until his death in 1978. Gilbert G. White Jr. was a descendant of John White, Speaker of the US House of Representatives circa 1838. Gilbert G. White Jr. was the great grandson of Colonel James White, entrepreneur and frontier industrialist from Abington, VA. On December 24, 1824 Col. James White founded the town of Whitesburg, AL south of Huntsville on the Tennessee . . . — Map (db m44268) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), New Market — Buckhorn Tavern |
| | (Front): Located in Section 18, Township 2, Range 2 East, this site was an early wayside stop for pioneer settlers as they traveled the road from Winchester, Tennessee into Madison County. The tavern predates the creation of the county, Dec. 13, 1808. During the Creek Indian War (1813-1814), the Deposit Road was created at this point and stretched southeastward through Cherokee lands to Fort Deposit near Gunter's Landing. This became the supply route for General Andrew Jackson's . . . — Map (db m31714) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Plevna — Old Limestone Road Skirmish |
| | 2 miles N.W. on old Limestone Road during a skirmish August 5, 1862 Federal General Robert L. McCook was killed by men of Capt. Frank Gurley's Confederate unit. In retaliation, the Federal forces burned and pillaged the area. — Map (db m31644) HM |
| Alabama (Marion County), Hamilton — Confederate Veterans Bicentennial Memorial — Hamilton - Marion County, Alabama |
| | In Memory of Re-Union 6th and 7th August 1904 Managers: Probate Judge Wm. R. White and Hon. Mack Pearce Guest Speakers Ex-rept. Wm. C. Davis, Hamilton - later Lieut. Gov. Ala. Ex-Rept. Wm. W. Brandon, Tuscaloosa - later Governor, Ala. Miss. Lillie Pearce, HamiltonCaptain J.P. (Jem) Pearce, commandant, Marion County Unit Confederate Veterans (List of names of Confederate Veterans in Attendance) — Map (db m40470) HM |
| Alabama (Marion County), Hamilton — The First Alabama Cavalry — U.S. Army |
| | The First Alabama Cavalry U.S. Army Organized July 12, 1862 - Dedicated October 20, 1865 Huntsville, Alabama Colonel George E. Spenser, CommanderOrganized by special order No. 100 by Major General Don Carols Buell of U.S. Army. Over 2000 enlisted during the existence from Blount, Fayette, Franklin, Marion, Walker, Winston, and others over 600 did not give home counties. The only regiment from Alabama.
(Remainder of text in photo is difficult to read) — Map (db m40469) HM |
| Alabama (Marshall County), Guntersville — Events in Marshall County — During War Between The States |
| | 28-29 July, 1862 Guntersville shelled-burned by Union Artillery, Cavalry and Infantry.
Skirmish at Fern's Law's, Matthew's Landings and Ft Deposit.
1 May 1862 - Sand Mountain Cavalry Battle
CSA Gen. Forrest - Union Col. Streight.
24 Aug. 1863 - FT. Deposit- Gunters Landing Skirmish.
27, Dec. 1863 - Buck Island Massacre.
2 Mar. 1864 - Guntersville attacked and captured by Union Infantry.
14 Mar. 1864 - Claysville Skirmish - Home Guard defeats and captured Union Infantry . . . — Map (db m53157) HM |
| Alabama (Marshall County), Guntersville — Federal Troops Burn Guntersville During Civil War |
| | January 15, 1865 was perhaps the darkest day in the history of Guntersville. At noon, Forty Federal marines from the gunboat U.S.S. General Grant were sent to burn the town. After the mission was completed, only seven buildings remained standing – the Marshall County Courthouse, the city jail, the Guntersville Hotel, a school house, the Masonic Hall and two residences. Miraculously, both residences still exist – the Gilbreath house on Blount Avenue and the Nickles house on Hill . . . — Map (db m52201) HM |
| Alabama (Marshall County), Guntersville — Ravine Used For Protection Against Yankee Shelling |
| | The first major attack on Guntersville during the Civil War occurred on the morning of Monday, July 28, 1862. The Federals had marched by night and had reached a hill on the north side of the Tennessee River and from this vantage point aimed their cannons at the small town of Guntersville.
The Federals, led by Major J.W. Paramore of the Third Ohio Cavalry, included a regiment of Union Infantry, and a section of artillery with two 6 pounder Parrott guns.
At 6 a.m., when the Federals . . . — Map (db m22253) HM |
| Alabama (Mobile County), Citronelle — Surrender Site |
| | Here on May 4, 1865 Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor, C.S.A. surrendered the last organized Confederate forces, the Department of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana, to Major Gen. E.R.S. Canby, U.S.A. thereby bringing to an official close the War Between the States. — Map (db m42977) HM |
| Alabama (Mobile County), Dauphin Island — Fort Gaines |
| | Established in 1821 for defense of Mobile Bay and named in honor of General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, 1777-1849 who played an important part in early Alabama History and while Commandant of Fort Stoddard captured Aaron Burr near McIntosh in February 1807. — Map (db m39393) HM |
| Alabama (Mobile County), Mobile — Admiral Raphael Semmes, CSA |
| | (Front):Commander C.S. Steamer Alabama Rear-Admiral C.S. Navy Sailor, Patriot, Statesman Scholar and Christian Gentleman (Side Plaque): Admiral Raphael Semmes, CSA
Commander of the Most Successful Sea Raider In History
CSS Alabama
Still after these many years his patriotism and heroic deeds inspire us to cherish our American Liberties! — Map (db m40669) HM |
| Alabama (Monroe County), Monroeville — “Lucas’ Raiders” |
| | Front:
The following eyewitness account was written by T. C. McCorvey of Tuscaloosa in April 1865 during the War Between The States.
"A boy of 13 has a distant recollection of some of the incidents of the raid on Monroeville. The first raid naturally created a wild panic in the village. When couriers arrived announcing the approach of the Federal cavalry along the road from Claiborne, women and children crowded terror-stricken to the village hotel. The probate judge of Monroe . . . — Map (db m47697) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Maxwell Air Force Base — Major General James Harrison Wilson, USV — Wilson's Raiders |
| |
(Side A)
Major General James Harrison Wilson, USV
1837-1925
Exceptional American soldier, born Illinois, West Point Class of 1860, MG at 27. Civil War service: Port Royal 1861-62, Aide to McClellan '62; Vicksburg and Chattanooga Campaigns, Grant's staff '63-64, Chief of Cavalry Bureau '64; Wilderness and Valley Campaigns, Commander Cavalry Division, Sherman's Corps'64; Franklin, Nashville, AL & GA '64-65. Retired from Army 1870; pursued railroading career in U.S., Latin America, . . . — Map (db m64436) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — 167th Infantry / Alabama’s Own — (4th Alabama) |
| | An Alabama regiment was formed in 1836 to defend Fort Foster in Florida. Same unit, designated the 1st Alabama Volunteers ten years later, served in Mexican War. Mustered again May 4, 1861 as the 4th Alabama Infantry Regiment, it fought in every major battle in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War. The 4th distinguished itself in Battle of Manassas, the first major battle of the War, when it plugged gap in Confederate lines beside Brig. Gen. T. J. Jackson’s brigade and repulsed several Union . . . — Map (db m38897) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — A Nation Divided / Cradle of the Confederacy |
| | The Alabama State Capitol served as the symbol and meeting place for the government of the newly formed Confederate States of America for 4 months in early 1861. Growing controversy over slavery and states' rights, climaxed by Abraham Lincoln's election as U.S. president in Nov. 1860, prompted the secession of 7 Southern states, including Alabama, by early Feb. 1861. On Feb. 4, delegates from 6 of these states convened in the Senate Chamber of the Capitol to organize a separate government. In . . . — Map (db m36507) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Alabama Confederate Monument — 1861-1865 — Consecrated to the memory of the Confederate Soldiers and Seamen. |
| | South/Infantry Side "Fame's temple boasts no higher name, no king is grander on his throne: No glory shines with brighter gleam, the name of "Patriot" stands along." C.T.R. East/Artillery Side "When this historic shaft shall crumbling lie in ages hence, in woman's heart will be, a folded flag, a thrilling page unrolled, a deathless song of Southern chivalry." I.M.P.O. North/Navy Side "The seamen of Confederate fame startled the wondering world: for braver fight was never . . . — Map (db m36656) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Alabama's First Capitals |
| | On March 3, 1817, Congress designated the town of St. Stephens on the Tombigbee River north of Mobile as capital of the newly formed Alabama Territory. There in 1818, the territorial legislature named Huntsville as the temporary seat of government and Cahawba (near present-day Selma) as the first permanent capitol. The constitutional convention and legislature met in Huntsville and on December 14, 1819, Alabama was admitted into the Union. Meanwhile a suitable building was erected at Cahawba. . . . — Map (db m36642) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Civil War Medicine / Montgomery's Confederate Hospitals |
| | Side A During the War Between the States medical knowledge was primitive. As a result, twice as many men died of disease than in battle from wounds. Early in the War, childhood diseases such as measles, mumps and chicken pox decimated entire camps. Later, the greatest killers were diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, malaria and pneumonia. Many of those who survived battlefield wounds and amputations later died from infection. Scarcity of medical supplies in the beleaguered South added to the . . . — Map (db m36495) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Dexter Avenue — Formerly Market Street |
| | This street was named to honor Andrew Dexter one of the founders of Montgomery Along this street moved the inaugural parade of Jefferson Davis when he took the oath of office as President of the Confederate States of America February 18, 1861 Dixie was played as a band arrangement for the first time on this occasion. — Map (db m36589) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — First White House of the Confederacy |
| | Designated Executive Residence by the
Provisional Confederate Congress
February 21, 1861. President Jefferson Davis
and his family lived here until the Confederate
Capitol moved to Richmond summer 1861.
Built by William Sayre 1832-35 at Bibb and
Lee Streets. Moved to present location
by the First White House Association and
dedicated June 3, 1921. — Map (db m7581) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Jefferson Davis — June 3, 1808- December 6, 1889 — Soldier Scholar Statesman |
| | A graduate of West Point Military Academy, he served the United States as Colonel of Mississippi Volunteers, Mexican War; member of House of Representatives, Senator, and as Secretary of War. Inaugurated President of the provisional government, Confederate States of America, February 18, 1861. — Map (db m36677) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — John Allan Wyeth — M.D., L.L.D. |
| | Confederate Soldier Surgeon and Author Born Marshall County, Ala. 1845 Died New York City 1922 Founder of the New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital and of Graduate Medical and Surgical Teaching in America. — Map (db m36639) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Telegram Which Began War Between The States |
| | Montgomery, April 11, 1861
General Beauregard, Charleston:
Do not desire needlessly to bombard Fort Sumter. If Major Anderson will state the time at which, as indicated by him, he will evacuate, and agree that in the meantime he will not use his guns against us unless ours should be employed against Fort Sumter, you are thus authorized to avoid the effusion of blood. If this or its equivalent be refused, reduce the fort as your judgment decides to be most practicable.
L. P. Walker
Sec. of War. C.S.A. — Map (db m22524) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — The First White House of the Confederacy |
| | On this site stood the First White House of the Confederacy William Sayre built his townhouse here between 1832 and 1835. On February 21, 1861, the provisional Confederate Congress leased it for the Executive Residence. President Jefferson Davis and his family lived here before the CSA capital moved to Richmond. The White House Association saved the house, moved it next to the Capitol, restored it, dedicated it as a museum, and gave it to the people of Alabama on June 3, 1921. Sponsored . . . — Map (db m62748) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — The Lightning Route / Central Bank Building |
| | The Lightning RouteIn 1886, Montgomery became the first city in the Western Hemisphere to convert an entire street railway system to electricity. The Capital City Street Railway Co. initiated electric trolley service on one mile of the street car line the year before. Civil engineer J. A. Gaboury supervised installation of the system developed by Charles Van de Poele. The car line, fondly known as the "Lightning Route" operated until 1936. Investors in the mass transit system also were . . . — Map (db m35301) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — The Montgomery Theater |
| | On a wall in this building, "The Montgomery Theater" Dan Emmett first inscribed the score of Dixie for his minstrel orchestra. H.F. Arnold arranged it for band music and used it at the inauguration of Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy. February 18, 1861 — Map (db m36574) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — United States Flag Raised Over Alabama Capitol — Apr. 12, 1865 |
| | MG J.H.Wilson’s Cavalry Corps raised U.S. flag over Alabama’s and Confederacy’s first Capitol on 4/12/65, three days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. Wilson had defeated LTG N.B. Forrest’s depleted and vastly outnumbered troops at the Confederate Arsenal city of Selma. Before fleeing Montgomery, BG D.W. Adams, CSA ordered 85,000 bales of cotton and 40,000
bushels of corn set afire to deny them to the Federals. But for the wind’s change and the heroic Montgomery firefighters, the city would . . . — Map (db m4229) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 2 — “A Hard Nut To Crack” - Federal Defenses at Decatur — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | Decatur played a key role in the Federal defenses of the vital rail lines in North Alabama. These defenses were configured in a three-tiered system. First, a number of lightly armored gunboats, constructed on the Tennessee River and nicknamed “tinclads,” patrolled the river to intercept Confederate raiders attempting to cross. These gunboats regularly visited Decatur to obtain fuel, supplies and ammunition. The second component of the defensive line was garrisons stationed at . . . — Map (db m28237) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 6 — “a place of importance” - Union Leadership at Decatur — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | The Decatur crossing of the Tennessee River was used extensively by Union forces. In the Fall of 1863, elements of Major General William T. Sherman’s Army of the Tennessee passed through Decatur on their way from Vicksburg to Chattanooga. Union commands from the Army of the Tennessee spent the spring of 1864 camped at Decatur, and were inspected by Major General James B. McPherson and Sherman on March 25, 1864.
On March 8, 1864, Union Major General Grenville M. Dodge and XVI Army Corps . . . — Map (db m28246) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 4 — “An Affair Most Important to Us” - The Federal Right, October 27-28, 1864 — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | As Hood’s Army of Tennessee encircled Decatur, sharpshooters advanced upon the Union defenses. Colonel Doolittle’s men responded with heavy artillery and musket fire. During the early afternoon of October 27, the Confederates approached the Federal breastworks (to your front). At 2:00 p.m. Lieutenant Alexander Wilson of the 73rd Indiana Infantry organized 50 men from his regiment to attack these skirmishers. Wilson encountered “stubborn resistance,” but by nightfall the Federal . . . — Map (db m28241) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 9 — “Captain, We’ve Got It At Last” - The Charge of the 14th U.S. Colored Infantry — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | As sharp shooting and artillery fire continued throughout the morning of October 28, Granger and Doolittle determined to launch an attack upon the Confederate battery at the edge of the Tennessee River, whose fire threatened the critical pontoon bridge. Chosen to make this assault was the 14th USCT. Colonel Thomas Jefferson Morgan recorded the preparations for this charge, “The men were stripped of all extra load, carrying only gun, accouterments, and canteen of water. They were cautioned . . . — Map (db m28266) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — A County Older Than The State, Morgan County |
| | Alabama Territorial Legislature created this county in 1818 from lands ceded by Cherokee Indians in 1816. County first named Cotaco, for large creek in county. Named Morgan County in 1821 for Maj. Gen. Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary hero, winner over British at Battle of Cowpens. County was often invaded by both armies in War between the States. Until 1891 county seat at Somerville. Then county seat moved to Decatur. Named for Stephen Decatur, naval hero against Tripoli pirates and in War of 1812. — Map (db m27759) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 6 — Burleson House (circa 1836) — "A Hard Nut to Crack" — The Battle For Decatur |
| | This Greek Revival mansion belonged to Dr. Aaron Adair Burleson and his wife, Janet, during the Civil War. Part of an original 778-acre land grant, the brick home covered by Flemish bond, features 18-inch thick walls and contains one of the significant Federal period interiors in North Alabama. The iron fence work surrounding the property is original and Union soldiers used it for drying blankets as seen in the accompanying photograph. The original gates, however, are missing and are thought to . . . — Map (db m28245) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 8 — Confederate Leadership at Decatur - McCartney Hotel Site — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | You are facing the site of the McCartney Hotel, where Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston established his headquarters while reorganizing the Confederate Army of the West in March, 1862. Johnston spent almost two weeks here after he was driven out of Kentucky and Nashville by Union forces. From Decatur, Johnston began sending forces to concentrate with those of General P.G.T. Beauregard at Corinth, Mississippi. During this time, Beauregard sent a courier to Johnston, who found Johnston . . . — Map (db m28263) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 5 — Dancy-Polk House (circa 1829) — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | The oldest home in Decatur still standing, this Early Classical Revival mansion was built by Frank Dancy and was a private residence until 1872, when it became a boarding house and hotel. During the Civil War, the home belonged to Dancy’s daughter, Caroline Wood, and occupied the front center of Union fortifications during the October 1864 Battle for Decatur, and was used as Federal officer’ quarters. Tradition holds that a Confederate 6-pounder cannon ball, fired from the Confederate lines . . . — Map (db m28243) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 1 — Decatur and The Civil War in North Alabama — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | Decatur had close to 800 residents in 1860, not many more than the 606 persons counted in the 1850 census. Included in the 1860 census were 267 white males, 206 white females, three free blacks including two males and one female, and 130 slaves of which 56 were males and 74 were females. The town changed hands during the Civil War at least eight times, because of its strategic importance astride the junction of two railroads, and its location on the Tennessee River. Jefferson Davis passed . . . — Map (db m28209) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — Gen. Jos. Wheeler |
| | For whom this lake in Tennessee River is named lived 1836-1906. His home 16 miles west. Lt. Gen. in Confederate Army 1864-5. Maj. Gen. U. S. Army 1898. Named by Alabama to Hall of Fame, Washington, 1922. — Map (db m27760) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 1 — Hood’s Middle Tennessee Campaign and The Battle for Decatur — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle for Decatur |
| | Following the fall of Atlanta on September 2, 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood, Commander of the Army of Tennessee, began a series of maneuvers against the Union line of supply running from Atlanta through Northwest Georgia, North Alabama, and into Nashville. Hood crossed the Chattahoochee River in late September, and marched north. Unable to gain any advantage in Northwest Georgia, Hood turned to cross the Tennessee River at Guntersville. However, Confederate General Nathan Bedford . . . — Map (db m28208) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — Lest We Forget |
| | Beneath this hallowed ground lay the remains of fifty-five Confederate soldiers. They gave their lives to establish southern independence, protect their homes, and preserve states rights. These original headstones were placed in May 1903 by the Joe Wheeler Chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy. On June 3, 1903 a dedication service was held by the Daughters of the Confederacy and veterans of the Horace King Camp, United Confederate Veterans. This site was rededicated on April 26, 2005 by . . . — Map (db m54737) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — Old State Bank Building |
| | Erected 1833, Cost $9,482. Classic Revival design. Listed on National Register of Historic Places. Decatur Branch, Bank of The State of Alabama. Chartered 1832 by state legislature, profitable until 1837, charter revoked 1842 and closed. 1842-1901 used as residence, Union Army supply depot, and First National Bank. 1901 purchased by Dr. F. Y. Cantwell. Renovated 1934 by C. W. A. as museum and civic Hall. Donated by Mrs. W. B. Edmundson and American Legion Post No. 15 to City. Restored 1982. Site is original lot No. 60 of 1824 Town Plan. — Map (db m27762) HM |
| Alabama (Morgan County), Decatur — 7 — Two Bridges Across The Tennessee River — “A Hard Nut To Crack” — The Battle For Decatur |
| | In 1860, the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was the only east-west route through the United States south of the Mason-Dixon Line. Maintaining control of this rail line was essential to Confederate strategy. Union Brigadier General Ormsby Mitchell occupied Decatur on April 13, 1862. Confederate defenders attempted to destroy this bridge, but failed. Union troops would destroy the bridge themselves on April 27, 1862. Union troops would occupy Decatur briefly in the summer of 1862 and the fall of . . . — Map (db m28262) HM |
| Alabama (Pickens County), Carrollton — Kelly - Stone - Hill Place |
| | Former home of John Herbert Kelly, brigadier general, C.S. Army, born in Carrollton, March 31, 1840. Appointed to West Point at age 17, resigned a few months before graduation. Fought at Shiloh, Perryville, Murfreesboro and Chickamauga. Mortally wounded at battle of Franklin, Tennessee, August 20, 1864.
For many years this was the home of Lewis Maxwell Stone, state senator, member of the Constitutional Convention 1875, and speaker of the House of Representatives during the Reconstruction . . . — Map (db m37447) HM |
| Alabama (Pickens County), Carrollton — Pickens County Courthouse — Erected 1877-78 |
| | Pickens County, named for General Andrew Pickens of South Carolina, was established December 19, 1820. First County Site was Pickensville. On March 5, 1830, the government awarded 80 acres of land at Carrollton for the County Site. The first courthouse erected at Carrollton was burned on April 5, 1865, by troops of Union General John T. Croxton. A freedman, Henry Wells, was accused of burning the second on November 16, 1876. He was arrested in January, 1878, and held in the garret of this . . . — Map (db m22178) HM |
| Alabama (Pike County), Troy — Confederate Memorial |
| | North Side "Lest We Forget." This shaft is erected to honor and perpetuate the memory and valor of our Confederate Soldiers. West Side "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends." South Side Comrades Soldiers of Pike, who fought and fell in many a bloody fray, here shall this shaft your glory tell as ages drift away. East Side "On fame's eternal camping ground, their silent tents are spread, and glory guards with solemn . . . — Map (db m36567) HM |
| Alabama (Randolph County), Wedowee — Site of the Home of William Hugh Smith — Legislator, Governor |
| | An opponent of secession, he fled north in 1862. Returning after the Civil War, he was elected first governor under the Constitution of 1868 and served one two-year term. He was one of three Republican governors. — Map (db m19015) HM |
| Alabama (Russell County), Fort Mitchell — James Cantey |
| | Near here was the home of Confederate Brigadier General James Cantey who arrived in 1849 to operate a plantation owned by his father. Prior to coming to Russell County he had practiced law at his birthplace, Camden, South Carolina, and had represented his district in the State Legislature there for two terms. Cantey fought n the Mexican War and received near mortal wounds. He was left among the dead but was rescued by his body servant whose plans were to bear him home for burial. The slave's . . . — Map (db m26103) HM |
| Alabama (Russell County), Phenix City — Confederate Fort |
| | On the hill to the northwest is an earthen fortification built in 1863 as part of the defenses on the Confederate navy yard, iron works and other war-related industries in nearby Columbus, Georgia. Designated Fort #5 on the plan done by the CSA engineers, the well-preserved fort has three cannon emplacements. It is pentagonal, of 90 foot side. Escarpments are 30 feet. Trenches flank the central unit. During the attack by Federal troops under Major
General James H. Wilson on April 16, 1865, . . . — Map (db m59968) HM |
| Alabama (Saint Clair County), Ashville — The Dean / Inzer House — Home of Lt. Col. / Judge John Washington Inzer |
| | Greek revival antebellum home built by Moses Dean in 1852, acquired by John W. Inzer in 1866. Home occupied by Inzer family from 1866 to 1987. In July 1987 home and its contents, including extensive law library, deeded by family heirs to St. Clair Camp 308, Sons of Confederate Veterans, to become museum in honor of Lt. Col. & Judge John W. Inzer. Museum is maintained for educational purposes and public awareness. Museum incorporated December 1988 as a non-profit corporation.
John . . . — Map (db m28092) HM |
| Alabama (Saint Clair County), Ohatchee — Battle of “Ten Islands” — ¼ mile above Neely Henry Dam |
| | On July 14, 1864 a small group of brave Confederate Cavalry under General James H. Clanton approximately 300 strong were overwhelmed by a vastly superior Union Cavalry force under General L. H. Rousseau. The Confederates were attempting to protect the Janney Iron Works near Ohatchee and Crowe Iron Works near Alexandria. The superior Union force destroyed both Iron Works and proceeded to Talladega. — Map (db m35593) HM |
| Alabama (Shelby County), Alabaster — Harless Cemetery |
| | Harless Cemetery was established as a burying ground in the early 1800s. It is on land homesteaded by Henry Harless, Jr., that was later owned and subsequently deeded to the cemetery by members of the Wyatt family. The oldest surviving marker is for Henry Harless, Jr.'s sister, Hannah Harless Wilson (1783-1833). Hannah and her husband, Benjamin Wilson, arrived to this area about 1814 and are believed to be the first white settlers to the Ebenezer community. The cemetery is sometimes referred to . . . — Map (db m24914) HM |
| Alabama (Shelby County), Columbiana — Shelby Furnaces — Erected 1849 and 1863 — ------5 miles ---> |
| | Major source of pig iron for the Confederacy. Furnished iron to Selma arsenal for heavy cannon, naval armor plate.
Furnaces destroyed in 1865 by Wilson’s Cavalry raiders U.S.A.
Rebuilt 1873, closed 1923. — Map (db m28523) HM |
| Alabama (Shelby County), Shelby Springs — Shelby Springs Confederate Cemetery — "Old Soldiers Grave Yard" |
| | The Confederate Army established a soldier's home and hospital here (1863-1865) as a part of the CSA Camp Winn Training Site. Father Leray and the Sisters of Mercy staffed the hospital after fleeing Civil War destruction in Vicksburg, MS. They brought with them by train many wounded and sick Confederate soldiers. This existing public cemetery was expanded fro those soldiers who died of battle wounds and illnesses. Civilian burials continued until 1921.
Lay Down Your Arms...
Close . . . — Map (db m24212) HM |
| Alabama (Shelby County), Wilsonville — Confederate Forts |
| | Near this site are the remains of three forts built in 1863 by Confederate troops under the command of Major W.T. Walthall, commander of the military post at Talladega. The forts, built for protection of the Alabama-Tennessee River Railroad trestles across the Coosa River and Yellow Leaf Creek, were manned during the last months of the war by reserve companies consisting of young boys and old men. Barbiere's Reserve Cavalry was stationed here in February 1865. Union troops commanded by General James H. Wilson captured the forts in March 1865. — Map (db m61621) HM |
| Alabama (Tallapoosa County), Dadeville — Johnson J. Hooper — 1815 - 1861 |
| | Author, Editor, Lawyer
Secretary of Congress, C.S.A.
As a writer he created
Captain Simon Suggs
of the Tallapoosa Volunteers,
fictional character whose
humorous, rascally escapades
of pioneer days in Alabama
became world famous. — Map (db m28745) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), McCalla — Civil War Site 1861-1865 |
| | As the border states began to fall, Alabama iron became critical to the survival of the Confederacy. During the last two years of the war, Alabama’s furnaces were producing 70% of the entire southern iron supply.
That output invited federal invasion in the largest cavalry operation of the war. Known as Wilson’s Raid, a federal force of over 14,000 laid waste to Tannehill and a dozen other Alabama furnaces including the Selma Arsenal as the war came to an end.
The Tannehill Ironworks . . . — Map (db m36672) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), McCalla — Eighth Iowa Cavalry — Croxton’s Raid |
| | This tablet dedicated to the men of Companies D and I which, along with other detachments, attacked the Tannehill Ironworks March 31, 1865 under the command of Capt. William A. Sutherland, First Brigade, First Division (McCook’s), United States Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the Mississippi (USA). — Map (db m36925) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), McCalla — Tannehill Furnaces |
| | Tannehill Furnaces began as a
small forge in 1830. During the
War Between the States (1861-1865)
these furnaces were a major
supplier of iron and munitions
for the Confederacy. When
partially destroyed by Union
troops on March 31, 1865, they
were producing more than
20 tons of pig iron daily
for the arsenal at Selma.
This marker is dedicated to
the valiant men and women
who served the Confederacy
in this area.
Placed by the Alabama Division
United . . . — Map (db m36926) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), McCalla — Tannehill Ironworks |
| | This important battery of charcoal blast furnaces ranked among the most productive in Alabama during the Civil War. The only three furnaces ironworks in the state during the war years, it was capable of producing 22 tons of pig iron a day for the Selma Arsenal and Gun Works.
Equipped with hot blast stoves and steam power to increase production, the Roupes Valley furnaces were among the most modern of their day. Experiments with red iron ore opened the door to iron manufacture in . . . — Map (db m36209) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Northport — Home Guard Defended Covered Bridge / Bridging The Black Warrior River |
| | (Front):Home Guard Defended Covered Bridge3 April 1865 - Brig Gen John T. Croxton’s Cavalry Brigade departed camp at Johnson’s Ferry (Old Lock 17 area) to the Watermelon Road ending in Northport. As the Union troops entered Northport, the Methodist Church bell was rung as a prearranged warning alarm. Armed with 7-shot carbines, 150 troopers of the 2nd Michigan Cav Regt rushed the covered bridge which was defended by about a dozen old men and young boys led by 53-year-old Capt . . . — Map (db m35679) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Northport — Northport First United Methodist Church |
| | Organized 1837, moved to present location, 1849, where churches have been rebuilt in 1855 and 1913.
The bell of this church sounded the tocsin at the approach of Gen. John T. Croxton’s Union troops in the their raid on Tuscaloosa, April 3, 1865. — Map (db m35460) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Alabama Corps Of Cadets Defends Tuscaloosa |
| | Early on the morning of 4 April 1865, Union Gen John T. Croxton's Cavalry Brigade of 1500 veteran troopers entered the town after fighting the home guard and capturing the covered bridge connecting Northport and Tuscaloosa across the Warrior River. While a detachment of Federals proceeded to capture two pieces of artillery stored at the Broad St. livery stable, Pat Kehoe of the Alabama Insane Hospital hurried to the University of Alabama to warn of the soldier's approach. University president . . . — Map (db m25383) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Amelia Gayle Gorgas — 1826-1913 |
| | Daughter of John Gayle, Governor of Alabama.
Wife of Josiah Gorgas, Brigadier General, C. S. A.
Mother of William Crawford Gorgas, Surgeon General, U. S. A.
Untiring nurse in Confederate Hospitals, 1861-1865.
First Historian Alabama Division, U. D. C. 1897-1899.
Matron of University Hospital, 1879-1907.
Librarian, University of Alabama, 1883-1907.
In commemoration of this noble record, and of her exalted personal character, this memorial tribute is erected by the Alabama Division, . . . — Map (db m33653) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — B.B. Comer Hall, 1908 |
| | Named for Braxton Bragg Comer (1848-1927), Governor of Alabama (1907-1911).
As a member of the University's Corp of Cadets in 1865, Comer witnessed the burning of the campus by Federal troops. Later, as Governor, he strongly supported education and helped secure appropriations for the "Greater University Campaign," the first major expansion of the campus in the twentieth century. — Map (db m29121) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Captain Benjamin F. Eddins |
| | Born in South Carolina in 1813, Benjamin Farrar Eddins raised and led a company of volunteers that served in the 41st Alabama Infantry Regiment.
Retired due to ill health, he returned to lead the Home Guards, a militia made up of old men and young boys. While trying to render the covered bridge impassable to Federal troops on the night of April 3, 1865, he and 15-year-old John Carson were wounded in a skirmish with Croxton's Raiders. Later that evening, Mayor Obediah Berry and Catholic . . . — Map (db m28908) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Chabannes - Sealy House |
| | The Chavannes - Sealy House was built in 1847 by Hollis C. Kidder. The house passed through several owners until it was sold in 1920 to Julia Nuzon Morris. Her daughter, Julia Morris, married Norbert Chabannes. That family lived here until the house was sold in 2003. Restored in 2005, the house exemplifies the Creole cottage style rarely seen as far north in Alabama as Tuscaloosa. It is distinguished by its gable roof sloping in an unbroken plane from front to back to accommodate a full-length . . . — Map (db m35323) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Gorgas House |
| | Built 1829 as University dining hall.
Remodeled as a residence 1840.
Occupied by Gorgas family 1879-1953
(Reverse):
Preserved as a memorial to:
General Josiah Gorgas (1818-1883)
Chief of Ordnance, C. S. A. 1861-1865
President of the University 1878-1879
Mrs. Amelia Gayle Gorgas (1826-1913)
University Librarian 1883-1906
General William Crawford Gorgas (1854-1920)
Surgeon General, United States Army
Sanitary engineer whose work in eliminating Yellow . . . — Map (db m29301) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Maxwell Hall |
| | Here, on the highest point of the original campus, stands the first celestial observatory at The University of Alabama and one of the oldest observatory buildings in the United States. Through the efforts of Professor F. A . P. Barnard, the first section of this building was completed in 1844. Prominently visible today are both the eighteen-foot dome and the north-south ceiling aperture above the west wing. Under the dome, Barnard installed an eight-inch refracting telescope, and for the . . . — Map (db m34842) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Morgan Hall, 1910 |
| | Named for John Tyler Morgan (1824-1907).
As U.S. Senator, Morgan led the 1882 campaign to obtain federal funds in reparation for the destruction of the University of Alabama campus by Union Troops in 1865.
A member of the Alabama Secession Convention and a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army, Morgan was later (1876) elected to the U.S. Senate, where he became known as "Canal Morgan" for his strong support of a canal across Central America. — Map (db m29223) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Rotunda Plaza |
| | The Rotunda Plaza is dedicated to
John H. and Carolyn Cobb Josey
(Classes of 1950 and 1951, respectively)
In recognition of the establishment in 1992 of the John H. and Carolyn Cobb Josey Library Endowment Fund, ensuring continued excellence of library and information services to The University of Alabama.
The Flagstones embedded in this plaza mark the original foundations of the Rotunda, which housed the first library of the University of Alabama, and which, on April 4, 1865, was . . . — Map (db m30678) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Shockly’s Escort Company Of Cavalry |
| | In Memoriam PerpetuamCaptain Bascom T. Shockly’s Escort Company Of Cavalry
In the hour of their country’s peril. Unmindful of self and fired only by patriotic devotion
Bascom T. Shockly and nineteen students of the
University of Alabama
Joined themselves with twenty nine other Alabama Youths
In the formation of an escort company of cavalry
Which in 1864 entered the service of the
Confederate States of America
The had their first baptism of fire on June 24, 1864
Served faithfully with . . . — Map (db m33595) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Site Of Franklin Hall — (The Mound) |
| | Franklin Hall, and early University dormitory designed by Capt. William Nichols, was erected on this site in 1835. Was one of the buildings destroyed by the Union raid on April 4, 1865. After Civil War the remains of structure were shaped into present mound. By early 20th century this mound had become traditional site for honorary tappings by The University.
Marker donated by Phi Mu Sorority in commemoration of its 50th anniversary at the University of Alabama. — Map (db m30677) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Storrs Cadet Troop — Pro Virtute Et Patria — Company F, 7th Alabama Cavalry |
| | Capt. Charles P Storrs Cadet Troop. Company F, 7th Alabama Cavalry C.S.A. organized in June 1863 under the leadership of Cadet Capt. Storrs; made up of cadets from the University of Alabama and of patriotic young men from Montgomery and vicinity; united with 7th Ala. Cav. Regt. As Co. F, July 22, 1863. First stationed at Pollard and Mobile for coast defense, 1863-1864; in Oct. 1864 transferred to command of Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, Army of Tennessee and assigned to Gen. E. W. Rucker as . . . — Map (db m33636) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — The Gorgas-Manly Historic District |
| | includes
The Gorgas House (1829)
First structure built on the original campus
The Round House (1860)
Used by cadets on guard duty, and another of the four buildings to survive the fires set by Federal troops in 1865.
Woods Hall (1868)
First building constructed after the Civil War and serving for the next sixteen years as the University.
Manly (1886), Clark (1886), and Garland (1888) Halls
Built as the State began to recover from the Reconstruction Era.
Tuomey . . . — Map (db m29396) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — The Jemison Home |
| | Built by Robert Jemison Jr. Completed 1862, the 26 room Italian Villa style mansion is distinguished by its octagonal cupola and delicate carved fretwork. Jemison, a member of Alabama Legislature for 20 years (1840-63), 1861 Secession Convention (he voted against secession), Confederate States Senate 1863-65, helped establish Alabama Insane Hospital. Boyhood home Robert Jemison Van de Graaff, inventor of generator used in splitting the atom and of William “Bully Van de Graaff, first All . . . — Map (db m35321) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — The Little Round House |
| | Constructed as a guard house for the Alabama Corps of Cadets during the early 1860's, the Little Round House provided shelter from inclement weather for cadets on sentry duty. Until 1865, it also housed the University Drum Corps, which was composed of rented slaves. One of the few University buildings not destroyed by Union forces when the campus was burned in 1865, this building became the office of the University surgeon in 1871, and was used later by non-military students as a residence. In . . . — Map (db m25387) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — The President's Mansion |
| | In 1838 The University of Alabama Board of Trustees appropriated funds for a more suitable residence for the University's new president Basil Manly. The mansion on this site was built between 1839 and 1841 from plans provided by Michael Barry who served as architect and building superintendent for the project. Although Manly, the mansions first occupant was a very popular president, the legislature regarded the structure as unnecessarily lavish. According to tradition, Louisa Frances Garland, . . . — Map (db m25414) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — University of Alabama |
| | Endowed by Congress 1819
Ordained by State constitution 1819
And established by General Assembly 1820
Instruction Begun 1831
Unofficial Training School Confederate Officers 1861-65
Destroyed by Federal Army April 4, 1865, Rebuilding Begun 1867 and Reopened 1868. — Map (db m29612) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — University of Alabama Civil War Memorial — 1861 - 1865 |
| | The University of Alabama gave to the Confederacy - 7 General Officers, 25 Colonels, 14 Lieutenant - Colonels, 21 Majors, 125 Captains, 273 Staff and other commissioned officers, 66 Non-Commissioned Officers and 294 Private Soldiers. Recognizing obedience to state, they loyally and uncomplainingly met the call of duty, in numberless instances sealing their devotion by their life blood.
And on April 3, 1865, the Cadet Corps, composed wholly of boys, went bravely forth to repel a veteran . . . — Map (db m33654) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Woods Hall, 1868 |
| | Named for Alva Woods (1794-1887), First President of the University of Alabama, 1831-1837.
Constructed after the Civil War, this gothic revival structure was built of materials salvaged from the original campus, burned by Federal Troops in April 1865. For almost two decades, Woods Hall housed the entire university.
In keeping with the University's Military Governance (1860-1903), "The Barracks" -- as the hall was first designated--was patterned after buildings on the campus of The Virginia Military Institute. — Map (db m29221) HM |
| Alabama (Walker County), Jasper — Confederate Monument |
| | The Confederate Monument was erected on November 13, 1907 and dedicated May 2, 1908 by the Jasper Chapter No. 925 United Daughters of the Confederacy under the leadership of Elizabeth Cain Musgrove to honor the 1900 soldiers who served from Walker County. The monument was placed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage May 19, 1999 by the Elizabeth Cain Musgrove Chapter No. 1929, UDC. — Map (db m37222) HM |
| Alabama (Winston County), Arley — Arley, Alabama — Deep in the heart of The Free State of Winston |
| | On January 11, 1861 the State of Alabama seceded from the Union. Deeply perturbed, the people of Winston County held a political convention on July 4, 1861 at Looney’s Tavern, near Addison. A resolution was adopted to the effect that Alabama had no right to secede from the Union; but if she did have such right, then Winston County had the same right to secede from Alabama. Uncle Dick Payne, a Confederate sympathizer, remarked, “Oh, oh, Winston secedes! The Free State of Winston!’ Winston . . . — Map (db m42859) HM |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Bowie — Fort Bowie — National Historic Site |
| | A Regional Legacy
Cochise. Geronimo. Though their reputations were fierce, the Chiricahua Apaches didn't stop explorers, prospectors, settlers, and merchants from Westward immigration. To establish a lifeline between the East and California, the Butterfield Overland Trail was built in 1858, directly through the heart of Apache Pass. But as the Apaches' land and lifestyle became threatened, they retaliated with attacks on traveling parties and raids on settlements.
The Bascom Affair, a . . . — Map (db m37761) HM |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Dragoon — Confederate Graves at Dragoon Springs |
| | On May 5, 1862, a Confederate foraging party rounding up cattle near the abandoned Butterfield Overland Mail Station battled a group of apaches. The soldiers were members of Company A, Governor John R. Baylor's Regiment of Arizona Rangers, under the command of Captain Sherod Hunter. Captain Hunter's command was based at Tucson and engaged in operations against Union forces from California. Four of Hunter's men were killed, and the Apaches took 25 horses and 30 mules. It is unknown whether any . . . — Map (db m57792) HM |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Sierra Vista — "Unknown Soldiers" |
| | In Memory of those who stood and fought,
But names have been forgotten.
May they rest in peace. — Map (db m28252) HM |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Sierra Vista — POW/MIA Monument — Missing in Action in Cochise County |
| | Sergeant William Wheeling
Co. F, 1st Calif. Inf.
18 June 1862, Apache Pass
Private Henry J. Dosher
Co. I, 5th Calif. Inf.
4 May 1864, Doubtful Canyon
Private Daniel S. Whitley
Co. L, 1st Calif. Cav.
20 June 1864, Apache Pass
Private George English
Co. L, 1st Calif. Cav.
17 Febr. 1865, 15 miles east of Fort Buchanan
Private John L. Jones
Co. L, 1st Calif. Cav.
14 July 1865, Croton Spring.
By remembering them, we honor all Cochise County . . . — Map (db m36775) HM |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Sierra Vista — Union Soldiers Buried in Historic Cemetery — Southern Arizona Veterans Memorial Cemetery |
| | This cemetery
holds the remains of
18 California Volunteers who died
at Fort Lowell during the Civil War and a
Civil War Veteran of the U.S. Colored Troops.
Their graves are marked with a GAR star.
Sgt. John C. McQuade - Co.B, 2 Calif. Calvary - July 12, 1862 • 1st Sgt. Elijah Perry - Co. A, 1 Calif. Calvary - Aug. 12, 1862 • Pvt. Jacob Smith • Co. G, 5 Calif. Infantry - Oct. 3, 1862 • Pvt. Samuel Riddle - Co. E, Calif. Infantry • Pct. George W. Ward - Co. B, Calif. Calvary • Pvt. . . . — Map (db m33745) HM |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Tombstone — Grand Army of the Republic Memorial — Tombstone, Arizona |
| |
Dedicated May 30, 1887
In Memory of
the Comrades of
Burnside Post
G.A.R. — Map (db m33141) HM |
| Arizona (Maricopa County), Phoenix — Memorial to Arizona Confederate Troops |
| | Memorial to Arizona Confederate Troops
1861 - 1865
United Daughters of the Confederacy
1961
"A Nation That Forgets its Past has no Future" — Map (db m27400) HM |
| Arizona (Pima County), Tucson — Fort Lowell |
| | The military post, established in 1862
near downtown Tucson, was moved to
this location in 1873. One of many
active forts on the Arizona frontier,
Lowell served also as a major supply
depot, influencing the economy and
social life of the community. At its
peak in the 1880's, three companies of
infantry and two troops of cavalry -
more than 250 officers and soldiers
- were stationed here. The need for
Fort Lowell steadily declined after
Geronimo's surrender in 1886 and,
despite . . . — Map (db m26191) HM |
| Arizona (Pinal County), Florence — Granville H. Oury |
| | March 12 1825 - Jan 11 1891
Judge- District court of New Mexico
Delegate to Confederate Congress
Arizona Mounted Volunteers CSA
Territorial legislature
US Congress
Pioneer- Soldier- Statesman — Map (db m32394) HM |
| Arizona (Pinal County), Picacho — Battle at Picacho — April 15, 1862 |
| | Dedicated to those Confederate frontiersmen who occupied Arizona Territory, C.S.A., created by President Jefferson Davis, February 14, 1862. Just two months later, ten of Capt. Sherod Hunter's Confederate Cavalrymen successfully defended Picacho Pass against thirteen Union soldiers who suffered three killed and three wounded but did manage to capture Confederate Sgt. Henry Holmes and Pvts. William Dwyer and John W. Hill before retreating. This 'westernmost battle of the Civil War' delayed for a . . . — Map (db m26620) HM |
| Arizona (Pinal County), Picacho — Memorial to the 1st California Cavalry Volunteers |
| | Lieut. James Barrett – Co. A.
Private George Johnson – Co. A.
Private William S. Leonard - Co. D
1st California Cavalry Volunteers
Killed April 15, 1862 At Picacho Pass.
In only battle of the Civil War
Fought in Arizona Territory — Map (db m26619) HM |
| Arizona (Santa Cruz County), Patagonia — Mowry Mine |
| | Pioneer Producer of Silver and Lead, was worked by native labor under the direction of the Jesuits, later by Mexicans before The Gadsden Purchase. Was acquired by Sylvester Mowry in 1856. Provided some lead for the Confederacy. Nearly Ghost town and cemetery are reminders of frequent Indian raids. — Map (db m24257) HM |
| Arizona (Yuma County), Yuma — U.S. Army of the West — Mormon Battalion |
| | Longest Sustained March in U.S. Military History, 1846-1847.
Between 1846 and 1848, the United States and Mexico went to war. One of the major directives of the United States during this war was to secure its western border and to occupy California and the territory of New Mexico. The government asked for volunteers, and over 500 members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints answered the call. Their unit became known as the Mormon Battalion.
The Mormon Battalion was . . . — Map (db m22686) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Avoca — Sesquicentennial Trail of the Centuries — Benton County Arkansas Sesquicentennial Monument 1836 - 1986 — Arkansas Sesquicentennial 1836 - 1986 |
| |
800 AD • Trace of the Rock People
1808 • Osage Boundary
1815 • Lawrence County
1827-28 • Lovely County
1838 • Trail of Tears
1840 • Trott's Stand
1858 • Old Wire Road
1858-61 • Butterfield Stage Route
1861 • Troop Trails
1862 • Civil War Earth Works
1882 • St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad
1896 • Birthplace of Field Kindley, WWI Ace
1913 • Coin Harvey's Ozark Trail
1926 • U.S. Highway 62
1956 • Poet Edsel Ford's "Sunday Creek"
— Map (db m62485) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Bentonville — Confederate Memorial |
| | All 4 sides
Confederate
Side 1
To the Southern Soldiers
Side 2
Their names are borne on honor's shield.
Their record is with God.
Side 3
They fought for home and fatherland.
Side 4
1861 - 1865
Metal Plaque added later
James H. Berry
1841-1913
Soldier and Statesman
Beloved of Arkansas
2nd Lieutenant
Co. E. 16th Ark. Infantry, C.S.A.
Legislator-Jurist
Governor of Arkansas
United States . . . — Map (db m21242) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Bentonville — Eagle Hotel |
| | On the morning of March 6, 1862, Gen. Franz Sigel was eating his breakfast at the Eagle Hotel which stood on this site. He had remained here with 600 men and a battery of six pieces after the main column of his army had passed through Bentonville on its way to Sugar Creek. Confederate troops under Gen. Van Dorn surprised him and forced a hasty retreat. In 1887 Sigel returned to retrace his route and remarked that he had come back to finish his breakfast. — Map (db m22447) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Fayetteville — Terry Block |
| |
Terry Block Bldg.
circa 1888, named
for Col. William Terry
housed the Benton
County Bank and a
Mercantile Company — Map (db m54309) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — "Dat De Shpot, Sergent!" — March 8, 1862 - Morning |
| | I saw General Sigel sight one piece...and send a shot at the [rebel] guns that had driven us back...It went tearing in among the men and horses, killing and wounding both, and then exploded in one of the caissons...Placing his glass to his eye to note the effect of his hot, the General said 'Dat de shpot, Sergent; just put 'em right in dare.' Samuel McKay, private, 37th Illinois Infantry Regiment General Franz Sigel ordered the Union gunners positioned here to concentrate on first one . . . — Map (db m35684) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — A Crisis in Command — March 7, 1862 - Afternoon |
| | We must not let the men know that General McCulloch is killed. Benjamin Pixley, Lieutenant, 16th Arkansas Infantry The general in charge of this half of the Confederate army - Texan Ben McCulloch - had formed his division, some 7,000 strong, just out of sight behind the trees you see in the distance. Before ordering a massive charge into Oberson's cornfield, "Old Ben," as his troops called him, rode alone to the edge of the trees for a final scout. Yankee skirmishers behind a rail fence . . . — Map (db m35559) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — A Fierce Tangle in Morgan's Woods — March 7, 1862 - Late Afternoon |
| | ...this battle...was a mass of mixed up confusion from beginning to end...Would to God it was night or reinforcements would come. William Watson, sergeant, 3rd Louisiana Infantry Regiment Four regiments of volunteers from Arkansas and Louisiana, moving "with all the vim and vigor [of] regulars," ran headlong and unawares into two Illinois regiments near here. The close-range fighting was so intense that men from both armies threw themselves flat on the ground to survive the hurricane of . . . — Map (db m35566) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — A Long, Cold Hungry March — March 4, 5, 6, 1862 |
| | I don't believe they ever made a harder march during the Revolution than we made that night. Jack Bower, private, 2nd Missouri Regiment The 16,000-strong Confederate Army of the West spent most of the first week of March 1862 trudging on muddy roads through northwest Arkansas. They traveled some 60 miles from their winter camps deep in the Boston Mountains, beyond the low ridges you see in the distance, to get to Pea Ridge. General Earl Van Dorn pushed his troops hard to sweep . . . — Map (db m35614) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — A Perfect Storm of Shot and Shell — March 8, 1862 - Morning |
| | ...[the Yankees] opened a perfect storm of round and shrapnell shot and shell...[the ground] was literally ploughed up by cannon ball...It is a perfect miracle that any of us ever came out. John J. Good, captain, Dallas Texas Light Artillery, Good's Battery Here two armies lined up for a second day of fighting after a long, bitterly cold night. Confederate artillerists set up their guns along the edge of these woods. The Union battle line was only 500 yards away - a 5-minute walk - . . . — Map (db m35672) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — A Village Full of Wounded Men — March 7, 1862 - Late Afternoon |
| | Entering a little clearing, we discovered the yellow hospital flags fluttering from the gables of every house in the hamlet of Leetown, and the surgeons busy with the sad, yet humane task that was theirs to perform. Lyman G. Bennett, private, 36th Illinois Infantry Regiment The quarter-mile-long trail you see ahead leads to the site of Leetown, Arkansas. Today the woods and meadows of the Pea Ridge battlefield appear to be an uninhabited wilderness. During the Civil War, this whole area . . . — Map (db m35503) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — City of Soldiers |
| | In early March 1862, these now quiet fields bustled with the clamor and constant motion of an army headquarters in time of battle. Soldiers drilled, cleaned guns, and checked ammunition. Scouts and couriers rode in to report. Officers convened for councils of war. Mules brayed and teamsters swore. Teams pulling wagons and artillery rattled by. Here, across the road from Samuel Pratt's store, decisions were made that would determine the fate of two armies - and the state of Missouri. A . . . — Map (db m35476) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Confederate Sunset — March 7, 1862 - Sunset |
| | As the sun set on the first day of battle, about 3,000 rebels from Missouri made their final charge here. Crossing Ben Ruddick's stubbled cornfield, they ran straight toward the muzzles of Federal cannon set wheel hub to wheel hub against a line of trees. After hours of fighting withdrawals, this last Union line held firm. Rebuffed Confederates ebbed back to Elkhorn Tavern. In the dusk, men of both armies feared they were standing on the brink of collapse. ...it was almost dark and we got . . . — Map (db m35671) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Disastrous Retreat — March 8, 1862 - Afternoon |
| | It took two weeks for the stunned survivors of the Confederate Army of the West to make their way from here back to rendezvous on the Arkansas River. In late March 1862 General Van Dorn was ordered to take his army east to Mississippi. This left northern Arkansas in the hands of the Union. "[Our] regiment arrived...in straggling squads, tired, hatless, barefooted, hungry, dirty, and ragged. They had been in rain-storms, climbed steep mountains along narrow and rugged foot-paths, waded deep . . . — Map (db m35666) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Elkhorn Tavern Taken — March 7, 1862 - Early Afternoon |
| | Confederate commander Earl Van Dorn had pushed his army relentlessly for a week to catch the Union army by surprise. Now, after hours of hard fighting up the Telegraph Road, here in sight of Elkhorn Tavern, Van Dorn gambled by committing all his reserves. As the Missouri State Guard regiments drove back the last Federal defenders, Elkhorn Tavern appeared to be a bold Confederate victory. Like magic the word 'Charge!' ran along the line... a battery [of six Union cannon] opened upon . . . — Map (db m37756) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Fiery Finale on Ruddick's Field |
| | The first day's fighting ended at sunset on the large open field you see in the distance below. The half of the Confederate army that had circled completely around Big Mountain - where you now stand - had fought hard all day to force their way up the long mountain hollow that leads to Elkhorn Tavern. As the late winter sunlight faded, Union troops pulled back from Elkhorn Tavern and prepared for a last-ditch defense along the tree line that bordered Benjamin Ruddick's cornfield below. Federal . . . — Map (db m35616) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Getting Ready To Fight — March 6, 1862 - Late Afternoon |
| | General Samuel Curtis had only 10,500 troops to hold back a Confederate army of more than 16,000 men moving toward him. Curtis had asked army headquarters in St. Louis for reinforcements. None could be sent. At the last minute, Union soldiers dug in the bluffs just north of Little Sugar Creek, about three miles southwest of here on the Telegraph Road. There - Curtis thought - his army would await Van Dorn's Confederates. — Map (db m35496) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Hard Fighting Near Leetown |
| | The families who lived outside Leetown, Arkansas first heard shots fired on the far side of Little Mountain, the low wooded rise you see to the right. Half of the Confederate Army of the West was marching eastward on Ford Road, moving this way. To delay their link-up with the other half of the Confederate army nearing Elkhorn Tavern, a small Federal force opened fire across the fields of Wiley Foster's farm. The fighting intensified as Texas and Arkansas regiments moved south from Foster's . . . — Map (db m35639) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — It was the Grandest Thing I Ever Saw... |
| | It was extremely rare in the Civil War to be able to see an entire army lined up for a fight, with all the regiments within sight of each other. Had you stood here on Saturday, March 8, 1862, you could have see 10,000 Union men in battle lines stretching for a mile over the open fields below. It was a sight that few veterans of the battle of Pea Ridge ever forgot. Forward quick time guide right. Halt make ready take aim fire. After first shot load at will. Our guns a-booming. The battery . . . — Map (db m35622) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Leetown |
| | The small hamlet near here included two stores, a blacksmith shop, Masonic hall, church, school and several residences. During the fighting some of the buildings were used by the Union Army as hospitals. — Map (db m35505) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Lifeline for Two Armies |
| | Elkhorn Tavern overlooks a highway of vital importance for Arkansas and Missouri during the Civil War. Union and Confederate leaders both wanted this 20-foot-wide dirt road to move men and supplies. Alongside the road ran 3-year-old telegraph wires, the latest way to send information and fast. In the week before battle broke out here, both armies had hurriedly marched southward past this crossroads and tavern. The night before the shooting started, Union troops from Missouri set up a small . . . — Map (db m35660) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Night Moves |
| | I have ordered Generals Sigel and Davis to move with their divisions during the night and form on the left of Carr's division ... and be ready to renew the battle at daylight. The enemy will concentrate his whole force at Elk Horn; we will fight him there tomorrow...[I am] certain of success on the coming day. Samuel Curtis, major general commanding, United States Army of the Southwest From this overlook you can see the great challenge facing General Samuel Curtis as two armies grappled . . . — Map (db m35619) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Pea Ridge — Confederate Monument |
| | (Front):The Brave Confederate dead who fell on this field Mar., 6,7, & 8 1862.The graves of our dead with the grass evergreen May yet form the footstool of Liberty's throne; And each single rock in the war-path of Alight. Small yet be a rock in the Temple of Right. (Right):General James McIntosh of ArkansasOh give me the land with a grave in each spot. And names in the graves that shall not be forgot; Give me the land of the wreck and the lamb, There's a grandeur in graves - . . . — Map (db m35652) HM |
| Arkansas (Benton County), Garfield — Remembrance and Reunion |
| | The two stone monuments you see here reflect the long-lasting grief - and the hopes - of the generation of Americans who survived the Civil War. After the war, young men whose lives had been forever changed by this battle began returning to these bullet-shattered forests and blood-soaked fields. They mourned comrades lost and reflected on the meaning of their trial by fire. In 1914 veterans began the call to preserve this battlefield as sacred ground. Their descendants again strove for national . . . — Map (db m35642) HM |
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