| Brazil, Bahia, Salvador — Zumbi dos Palmares Monument |
| | Panel 1:
Zumbi dos Palmares
“É chegada a hora de tirar nossa nação das trevas da injustica racial.”
Nasceu livre, em 1655, na Serra da Barriga, união dos Palmares, Alagoas. Neto de Aqualtune, não permitiu a submissão de seu povo ao jugo da corda portuguesa, pois queria a liberdade para todos, dentro ou fora do Quilombo. Persistiu na luta e tornou-se líder do Quilombo, sento ferido em 1694, quando a capital Palmares foi destruída. Em 20 de Novembro de 1695, . . . — Map (db m26125) HM |
| Brazil, Rio de Janeiro — João Cândido Felisberto Memorial — "O Almirante Negro" |
| | [Panel 1]
João Cândido Felisberto nasceu em 1880, na Vila Sâo José, Encruzilhada do Sul, Distrito de Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul.
De 22 a 26 de Novembro do 1910 liderou a Revolta Dos Marinheiros contra as péssimas condiçôes de trabalho e o castigo corporal abolido pela Lei Âurea de 1888.
João Cândido demonstrou liderança e maestria irretocâveis à frente das guarniçôes e nas manobras da Baia Da Guanabara.
Desde então ficou conhecido como o ‘Almirante Negro,’ líder da . . . — Map (db m26028) HM |
| British Columbia (Capital Regional District), Victoria — Le Legs De La Famille Côté — The Legacy of the Côté Family |
| | [French]
Les ancêtres de la famille Côté son arrives au Québec en 1634. En 1945, Joseph Napoléon Côté et son épouse Ida Camille Demers, accompagnés de leur fils Joseph Henri Côté et son épouse Anne-Marie Forcade s’establissent à Victoria.
Le famille Côté conserve son patrimoine québécois de par son engagement envers la langue française et sa participation à la culture francophone de Victoria. À titre de membres actifs de la paroisse St-Jean Baptiste à Fairfield, les Côté contribuent à . . . — Map (db m49228) HM |
| Ontario, Ottawa — Women Are Persons! — Les Femmes Sont Des Personnes! |
| | The Persons' Case of 1929 is a celebrated landmark victory in the struggle of Canadian women for equality. For years, groups had repeatedly requested that a woman be appointed to the Senate, often naming Judge Emily Murphy as their candidate. However, five successive federal governments maintained that women were ineligible to serve in the Senate on the basis that they were not "qualified persons" according to Section 24 of the British North America Act of 1867.
In 1927, Judge Murphy . . . — Map (db m39749) HM |
| Ontario (Middlesex County), London — London Women's Monument |
| | The London Women's Monument was dedicated on December 6, 1994. The 5th anniversary of the Montreal Massacre. It is a place to remember and reflect on violence, particularly violence against women, and all women and men who work to end it. — Map (db m18932) HM |
| Germany, Bavaria, Gerolzhofen — The Decline of the Jewish Community of Gerolzhofen from January 30, 1933 — Niedergang der Jüdische Gemeinde Gerolzhofen ab 30. Januar 1933 |
| |
[Marker text in German:]
Urkundlich nachweisbar genehmigte im Jahr 1425 Fürstbischof Johann II v. Brunn die Ansässigmachung von Juden in Gerolzhofen. Viele jüdische Mitbürger engagierten sich im öffentlichen Leben und genossen Vertrauen und Anerkennung bei Ihren Mitbürgern. Nach ca. 500 Jahren horte die jüdische Gemeinde von Gerolzhofen auf zu existieren.
[Marker text translated into English, more or less:] The first known mention of the presence of Jews in Gerolzhofen is . . . — Map (db m58963) HM |
| Ireland, Connacht (County Galway), Kinvara — Francis A. Fahy — 1854 - 1935 |
| |
Poet, Writer, Life-Long Worker
in the Irish Cause
was born in this house Sept. 29. 1854.
——•——
“For peace of mind I'll never find
until my own I call
that little Irish cailín
in her ould plaid shawl” — Map (db m28091) HM |
| Ireland, Connacht (County Mayo), Louisburg — Famine Museum and Granuaile Centre, Louisburgh — Clew Bay Archeaological Trail site 12 — Slí Seandálaíochta Chuan Módh |
| | Cluain Cearbhán - Meadow of the Buttercups
The Famine Museum in Louisburgh recounts local memories of the famine, presents coverage of the famine in the media, nationally and locally, and shows how links have been established between Louisburgh and other parts of the world, culminating in the local famine walk along Doo Lough Valley.
The Granuaile Centre recounts the life and times of the 16th century O'Malley Chief and Sea Captain, Granuail (Grace O'Malley or Gráinne . . . — Map (db m28044) HM |
| Ireland, Connacht (County Mayo), the Doo Lough Valley — 1849 Famine Walk |
| | . . . — Map (db m27687) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Haslam Memorial Seat |
| | In 1925 a finely sculptured garden seat of Kilkenny limestone was placed in the park and inscribed on the back - “Anna Marie, 1829 - 1922 and Thomas Haslam, 1825 - 1917. This seat is erected in commemoration [sic - ‘honour’] of their long years of public service, chiefly devoted to the enfranchisement of women." [From Monuments of St. Stephen's Green marker found in the park] — Map (db m22485) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa / Ó Donnabháin Rosa — (1831 - 1915) |
| | Ni dhéanfaidh gáeil bhearmao orc go brách
[Gaelic transcription is best effort]
———
Erected in 1954. An uncut rock of Wicklow granite symbolises the patriot's unbreakable spirit. Into the rock is set a plaque bearing an impression of O'Donovan Rossa's head. — Map (db m25316) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Margaret Anna Cusack — 1829 - 1899 |
| | Margaret Anna Cusack was born on this site on May 6th 1829. At the time York Street was a centre of medicine. She was the daughter of Sara and Dr. Samuel Cusack. Her uncle was the interationally renowned surgeon James William Cusack, 3-times President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.
She became an Anglican Sister but in 1861 converted to Catholicism and moved to Kenmare in County Kerry. Here, under the pseudonym of the “Nun of Kenmare”, she wrote on all aspects of . . . — Map (db m22454) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Robert Emmet — (1778 - 1803) |
| | Presented to the People
of Ireland
by
The Robert Emmet
Statue Committee
of the
United States of America
April 13, 1966
Francis J. Kane, Chairman
Ambassador Scott McLeod
Devlin W. Dormer, Esq.
Hon. Michael J. Kirwan, M.C.
Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, M.C.
Hon. Daniel J. Flood, M.C.
Hon. John E. Fogarty, M.C.
N. Mike Devlin, Esq.
The statue, erected in 1968, in a small enclave on the west side of the park faces the house in which Robert Emmet was born (now . . . — Map (db m25304) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Theobald Wolfe Tone — (1763-98) |
| | An Irish patriot convicted of treason. He died mysteriously in prison in November 1798.
The memorial consists of a ten-foot figure of Wolfe Tone backed by a wall of rough granite columns of varying width and rising to 16 feet in height.
Behind the granite columns is a group of bronze figures that symbolize the past unhappy subjugation of the Irish people. This group represents the cause for which Tone sacrificed his life. He was thirty-five years old.
The memorial was unveiled by President de Valera in 1967. — Map (db m25303) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Veronica Guerin — 1959 - 1996 |
| | Sunday Independent journalist,
was murdered on 26th June 1996.
Be Not Afraid
Greater justice was her ideal and it was her ultimate achievement
Her courage and sacrifice saved many from the scourge of drugs and other crime.
Her death has not been in vain.
Unveiled by the Taoiseach,
Mr. Bertie Ahern T.D.
27th June 2001 — Map (db m24078) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Meath), Crossakiel — Jim Connell |
| | Author of “The Red Flag”
which became the anthem of the
International Labour Movement
Born Rathniska, Kilskyre 1852
Died Lewisham, London 1929
Oh, grant me an ownerless corner of earth,
Or pick me a hillock of stones,
Or gather the wind wafted leaves of the trees
To cover my socialist bones,
Jim Connell
This monument was unveiled on 26th April, 1998 by
Peter Cassells, general secretary, ICTU, before an
international gathering from the trade unions and . . . — Map (db m27347) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Meath), Culmullen — Culmullen & 1798 — They Gave Their Lives For Their Cause |
| | Erected by the People of
Culmullen and District
to the memory of the Men and Women
of Wexford and Meath
who died for their Country
and lie buried in the surrounding area
There were two periods of intense
Rising activity around Culmullen in 1798
Thursday May 24, 1798
Dunshaughlin was the rallying point for the United Irishmen of Meath, Dublin and North Kildare where a Tree of Liberty was planted. The following day, the rebels moved to one side of the Bog of Culmullen . . . — Map (db m33354) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Meath), Duleek — Duleek Courthouse — Duleek Heritage Trail |
| | Duleek Courthouse was built in 1838 by John Trotter as a sessions house for the Meath Grand Jury. It was designed by Francis Johnston. The main architectural features are the Doric door-case and fanlight, a simplified eaves pediment and corner quoins. The building was used as a courthouse until 1960 when it was converted to a library and environmental offices. Its best-known magistrate was Judge Stephen Trotter who was responsible for the erection of Duleek House. — Map (db m24803) HM |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Meath), Duleek — The Lime Tree — Duleek Heritage Trail |
| | William of Orange and Mary accepted the throne of England in 1698, supplanting King James II who took refuge with his ally and sponsor Louis XIV of France. The tensions between James and William would reach their highpoint in 1690 at the battle of the Boyne in Meath, where James was defeated.
In Duleek at the time there was a very significant colony of Huguenots (French Protestants) who had fled persecution in France.
Subsequently to the Battle of the Boyne the people of Duleek planted . . . — Map (db m24802) HM |
| Ireland, Munster (County Limerick), Abbeyfeale — Reverend William Casey |
| | His grateful fellow countrymen at home and beyond the seas have erected this monument to the memory of Rev. William Casey, for a quarter of a century prior to his death, the parish priest of this parish. He found his people struggling in the toils of landlordism: he left them owners of the soil and freemen. By his death, religion lost a shining light; the cause of temperance a strenuous advocate; the poor without distinction of creed, an ever helpful friend; and Ireland a devoted son. But . . . — Map (db m24739) HM |
| Alabama (Bullock County), Midway — Old Merritt School Midway Community Center |
| | Margaret Elizabeth Merritt of Midway sold two acres for $5 to the state of Alabama in 1921 as a site for an elementary school for African-American children. Built in 1922 with matching Rosenwald funds, the Midway Colored Public School featured oak and pine construction and two classrooms divided by a partition. The building is one of the few surviving of the more than 5,000 rural black schools built with contributions from the Julius Rosenwald Fund. Enlarged twice, then renovated in 1978, it is . . . — Map (db m60910) HM |
| Alabama (Calhoun County), Anniston — Freedom Riders |
| | On May 14, 1961, a Greyhound bus left Atlanta, GA carrying among its passengers seven members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a.k.a. the “Freedom Riders,” on a journey to test interstate bus segregation. The bus was met by an angry mob at the bus station in Anniston, AL where tires were slashed and windows broken. Upon leaving Anniston, the bus was followed by the mob to this site where the driver stopped to change the tire. The crowd set the bus on fire and attacked . . . — Map (db m35737) HM |
| Alabama (Clarke County), Grove Hill — Colored and White Soldiers of World War I |
| | This is a replica of the original tablet from the 1924 World War I monument located in front of the Clarke County Courthouse. The monument was the first memorial ever erected to honor county war dead. It cost $1,650 and was paid for with donations.
This tablet has historical significance. It is unique in that it shows racial tolerance for the time by honoring Blacks and Whites on the same stone. Tolerant though it may have been, it is a relic of a segregation era and a reminder that all . . . — Map (db m57385) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — Campsite 1 — Selma to Montgomery Trail |
| | Hall Farm
March 21, 1965 — Map (db m61846) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — I Had A Dream — Dr. Martin L. King Jr. |
| | The demonstration that led to the most important advance in civil rights for millions of Black Americans began here March 21, 1965. It was the 50-mile march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, the State Capital.
Defying threats of death, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., led 400 Black and White Americans on the longest, largest, most dramatic march of his 13-year career.
It gave southern Blacks the right as citizens to cast a ballot and help determine and help operate the government under . . . — Map (db m38693) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — In Honor of James Joseph Reeb — 1927-1965 — “This Good Man” |
| | Rev. James J. Reeb, an Army Veteran and Unitarian minister from Casper, Wyoming, was working in Boston when Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. appealed for clergymen of all faiths to come to Selma to protest the violence that occurred at the Edmund Pettus Bridge on March 7, 1965, “Bloody Sunday.” Reeb responded by flying south for the protest march in Selma on March 9. A few hours after the march, Reeb and two fellow ministers were attacked while walking along Washington Street near the . . . — Map (db m37683) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — St. Paul’s Episcopal Church Est. 1838 |
| | Side A The original church, built one block south of the present site, was consecrated in 1843 by Bishop Leonidas Polk. In 1861, the second Bishop of Alabama, the Rt. Rev. Richard H. Wilmer, was elected there. During the Battle of Selma, St. Paul’s rector, the Rev. James Ticknor, was wounded and the senior warden, Robert Philpot, was killed. Union troops under Gen. James H. Wilson burned the original church April 2, 1865.
The cornerstone for the present building was laid in 1871. . . . — Map (db m37691) HM |
| Alabama (Dallas County), Selma — The Selma Movement — (The Beginning) / (The Prize) |
| |
[Side A:]
(The Beginning)
The major civil rights protest, which focused national attention on the issue of racial discrimination in voting & led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, was centered in Selma.
In January of 1963 local citizens organized a voter registration class & by February others were in Selma to assist with registration. Local law officials & blacks seeking to register to vote soon clashed & this received widespread news coverage.
Dr. Martin . . . — Map (db m37662) HM |
| Alabama (Henry County), Abbeville — Rosa Parks Lived Here |
| | Front Civil rights pioneer Rosa McCauley Parks was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. Shortly after her birth her parents James and Leona McCauley, moved here to a 260 acre farm owned by her grandparents, Anderson and Louisa McCauley. Her father, a builder, designed and constructed the Henry County Training School for black students in 1914. After a few years in Henry County, Rosa and her mother moved to Pine Level, Alabama, to live with her maternal grandparents, while her . . . — Map (db m60681) HM |
| Alabama (Jackson County), Scottsboro — Jackson County Courthouse And The Scottsboro Boys |
| | Marker front:
Constructed in 1911-1912 and designed by architect Richard H. Hunt, the Jackson County Courthouse is a Neo-Classical, brick building situated on a town square in Scottsboro, the county seat of Jackson County. The front, two-story portico is supported by four stone columns of the Doric order. A cupola on the top contains a Seth Thomas clock.
This courthouse was the site of the first of the Scottsboro Boys trials. Two white women accused nine black teenagers of rape on . . . — Map (db m22264) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — 1963 Church Bombing Victims |
| | This cemetery is the final resting place of three of the four young girls killed in the September 15, 1963 church bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church. Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley and Carol Robertson are buried here. The fourth victim, Denise McNair, is buried elsewhere.
The tragic loss of these lives led to the end of the era of massive resistance to social change in Birmingham and the release of the city from the fear which long paralyzed progress in human relations. — Map (db m61197) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — 4th Avenue District |
| | The Fourth Avenue "Strip" thrived during a time when downtown privileges for blacks were limited. Although blacks could shop at some white-owned stores, they did not share the same privileges and services as white customers, so they created tailor shops, department stores, cafeterias, billiard parlors, fruit stands, shoe shine shops, laundry service, jewelry and record shops, and taxicab stands. These businesses were distinctively geared toward and managed by blacks. When darkness fell, the . . . — Map (db m26985) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Arthur D. Shores — "Dean of Black Lawyers in The State of Alabama." |
| | During the first 30 years of his 54-year-old practice, Attorney Shores practiced all over the State of Alabama - from the Tennessee line to the Gulf of Mexico at Mobile Bay, and from the Mississippi borders to the Georgia limits. During the period roughly between 1940 and 1950 he was the only lone voice in the wilderness defending the civil rights of black people. Mr. Shores practiced civil rights law all over the state of Alabama during an era in which his life was in constant jeopardy. He . . . — Map (db m26720) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Civil Rights Freedom Riders — May 14, 1961 |
| | On Mother's Day, May 14, 1961, a group of black and white CORE youth on a "Freedom Ride" from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans arrived by bus at the Birmingham Greyhound terminal. They were riding through the deep south to test a court case, "Boynton vs. Virginia", declaring segregation in bus terminals unconstitutional. Here they were met and attacked by a mob of Klansmen. The riders were severely assaulted while the police watched, yet the youth stood their grounds. — Map (db m26698) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Dr. Ruth J. Jackson — 1898 - 1982 |
| | Dedicated to
Dr. Ruth J. Jackson
1898-1982
This woman of strength and vision graduated from the Poro School of Cosmetology, the first black registered school in the State of Alabama. At the vanguard of the Civil Rights Movement, she was unwavering in her devotion to the Birmingham Community. She inspired both children and adults to complete their education. Members of the Southern Beauty Congress and the Alabama Association of Modern Beauticians, Organizations to which she rendered . . . — Map (db m27090) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — East Birmingham |
| | Marker Front:
Founded in 1886 on 600 acres of land, East Birmingham was the agricultural area consisting primarily of dairy farms extending to the present Birmingham airport. The East Birmingham Land Company that developed the area was formed by local industrialist who proposed sites for manufacturing plants, employee housing , and a streetcar line linking them to Birmingham. East Birmingham was annexed to the city in 1910.
In the decades after 1886, Industrial enterprises and . . . — Map (db m26633) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Emory Overton Jackson — 1908 - 1975 |
| |
Emory Overton Jackson was born on September 8, 1908 in Buena Vista, Georgia to Will Burt and Lovie Jones Jackson. E. O. Jackson and his seven siblings were raised in the middle-class Birmingham enclave of Enon Ridge, located on the west side of town near Birmingham-Southern College. He attended Industrial High School, which was later named A. H. Parker High. In 1928 he enrolled in Atlanta’s Morehouse College, where he served as President of the student government and editor of the . . . — Map (db m64736) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Foot Soldier Tribute — Ronald S. McDowell, Artist I.B.J.C. |
| | This sculpture is dedicated to the Foot Soldiers of the Birmingham Civil Rights Movement.
With gallantry, courage and great bravery they faced the violence of attack dogs, high powered water hoses, and bombings. They were the fodder in the advance against injustice. Warriors of a Just Cause: They represent humanity unshaken in their firm belief in their nation’s commitment to liberty and justice for all.
We salute these men and women who were the Soldiers of this Great Cause.
. . . — Map (db m27394) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Fourth Avenue Historic District. |
| | Marker front:
Prior to 1900 a "black business district" did not exist in Birmingham. In a pattern characteristic of Southern cities found during Reconstruction, black businesses developed alongside those of whites in many sections of the downtown area.
After the turn of the century, Jim Crow laws authorizing the distinct separation of "the races" and subsequent restrictions placed on black firms forced the growing black business community into an area along Third, Fourth, and Fifth . . . — Map (db m26702) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Rev. Fred Shuttleworth Bethel Baptist Church |
| | Rev. Fred Shuttleworth's tenure as pastor of Bethel Baptist Church (1953-1961) was marked by demonstrations, bombings and passionate sermons critical of segregation laws. His activism earned him a house bombing, frequent beatings, arrests, and threats to his family. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called Shuttleworth “one of the nation's most courageous freedom fighters.”Shuttleworth organized lunch counter sit-ins and encouraged Blacks to apply for civil service jobs. The church was . . . — Map (db m50398) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Sixteenth Street Baptist Church — Has Been Designated a National Historic Landmark. |
| | This property possesses National Significance in commemorating the history of the United States. In 1963 it was the staging ground for the Birmingham Campaign Civil Rights Youth Marches and the place where a bomb killed four young girls, "Martyred Heroines of a Holy Crusade for Freedom and Human Dignity." — Map (db m63733) HM |
| Alabama (Jefferson County), Birmingham — Zion Memorial Gardens |
| | Mt. Zion Baptist Church began burying here in the mid-1800s. On June 2, 1970, New Grace Hill Cemetery, Inc., a subsidiary of the Booker T. Washington Insurance Company in Birmingham, purchased this cemetery and officially named it Zion Memorial Gardens. Dr. A. G. Gaston (1892-1996) organized the Booker T. Washington Burial Society in 1923, responding to the lack of burial insurance available to African Americans. Gaston believed, “a proper funeral is of immense importance….it’s the very . . . — Map (db m35602) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Charles Lee Moore |
| | Recipient of 1989 of the first Kodack Award for Photojournalism, Charles Moore chronicled such major events as the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's South, political violence in Haiti, and the air war in Vietnam. — Map (db m56376) HM |
| Alabama (Lauderdale County), Florence — Henry S. "Hank" Klibanoff |
| | A keen observer and researcher of the Civil Rights Movement in the South, Hank Klibanoff won the Pultizer Prize in 2007 for The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle, and the Awakening of a Nation.
Inducted 2009
City of Florence Walk of Honor — Map (db m38643) HM |
| Alabama (Lowndes County), Lowndesboro — Campsite 3 — Selma to Montgomery Trail |
| | Robert Gardner Farm
March 23, 1965 — Map (db m61847) HM |
| Alabama (Madison County), Huntsville — Rev. Dr. Joseph E. Lowery Boyhood Home Site — (Dean of Civil Rights Movement) |
| | Side A
Dr. Joseph Echols Lowery was born in Huntsville on Oct 6, 1921, to Dora and Leroy Lowery. He grew up in Lakeside (Methodist) church. He began his education in Huntsville, spent his middle school years in Chicago, and returned to complete high school. He attended Alabama A&M University. Knoxville College, Payne College and Theological Seminary. He served as pastor of United Methodist churches in Mobile, Birmingham and Atlanta for 45 years, retiring from the pulpit in 1997. He . . . — Map (db m27901) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Alabama's First Capitals |
| | On March 3, 1817, Congress designated the town of St. Stephens on the Tombigbee River north of Mobile as capital of the newly formed Alabama Territory. There in 1818, the territorial legislature named Huntsville as the temporary seat of government and Cahawba (near present-day Selma) as the first permanent capitol. The constitutional convention and legislature met in Huntsville and on December 14, 1819, Alabama was admitted into the Union. Meanwhile a suitable building was erected at Cahawba. . . . — Map (db m36642) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church — Organized 1877 |
| | The second black Baptist Church in Montgomery. First pastor was Rev. C. O. Boothe. Present structure built 1885. Designed by Pelham J. Anderson; built by William Watkins, a member of the congregation.
Many prominent black citizens of Montgomery have been members, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. served as pastor (1954-1960). Montgomery bus boycott organized here December 2, 1955. — Map (db m25128) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — First Baptist Church (Brick-A-Day Church) |
| | Organized in 1866, this pioneering congregation grew out of First Baptist Church, now on Perry Street, where early parishioners had worshipped as slaves. The first building, facing Columbus Street, was erected in 1867. Nathan Ashby served as first pastor (1866-70) to over 700 members and as first president of the Colored Baptist Convention of Alabama, now known as the Alabama Baptist State Convention, which was organized here in 1868. The Baptist Foreign Mission Convention, later part of the . . . — Map (db m36499) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Georgia Gilmore — February 5, 1920 - March 3, 1990 |
| | Georgia Gilmore, cited as a “solid energetic boycott participant and supporter.” Lived in this house during the days of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Once arrested on a bus, Gilmore was ardent in her efforts to raise funds for the Movement and organized “Club From Nowhere” whose members baked pies and cakes for sale to both black and white customers. Opening her home to all, she tirelessly cooked meals for participants including Dr. Martin Luther King and Dr. Ralph . . . — Map (db m28197) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Harris House |
| | Front Between May 20-24, 1961 Dr. Harris opened this home to a group of 33 students from Nashville, Tennessee, who were challenging interstate bus segregation. Known as the Freedom Riders, the group was attacked at the historic Montgomery Greyhound Bus Station upon arrival and harassed by rioters. In the days following attack, martial law was declared and Harris' home served as a haven for the Freedom Riders. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,Dr. Ralph D. Abernathy, James Farmer, John Lewis, . . . — Map (db m28134) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Minister's Home / Dr. Martin Luther King — Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church |
| | Side A House built circa 1912. It has been the home of the ministers of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church since 1919. Its most famous occupant, Dr. Martin Luther King , lived here from Sept. 1954-Feb. 1960. During this time he lead the Bus Boycott launching an outstanding career as a world leader for civil rights and humanitarian causes. When a bomb damaged the house on January 31, 1956, Dr. King returned from a Boycott meeting and calmed an angry crowd from the porch, averting possible . . . — Map (db m61095) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal AME Zion Church |
| | Side 1
Located at the heart of Montgomery's historic African-American neighborhoods. Mount Zion A.M.E. Zion Church was constructed in 1899 and heavily remodeled in 1921. It served as a significant Center for religious, political, and social life for blacks in Montgomery throughout most of the twentieth-century.
The seeds of protest were growing in Montgomery long before the arrest of Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955, and the bus boycott. Rev. Solomon Seay, pastor of Mt. Zion from . . . — Map (db m43619) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Rosa Louise McCauley Parks / The Bus Stop |
| | Side A A Lady of Courage Born in Tuskegee, AL on February 4, 1913, to James McCauley, a carpenter, and Leona Edwards, a teacher. Moved with mother and brother to Pine Level, AL after parents' separation. Enrolled in Mrs. White's School for Girls at age 11 and received her high school diploma from Alabama State Teachers College Laboratory High School. Married Montgomery barber Raymond Parks in 1932; both became active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored . . . — Map (db m36503) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Rosa Parks Montgomery Bus Boycott / Hank Williams Alabama Troubadour |
| | Side A
At the bus stop on this site on December 1, 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to boarding whites. This brought about her arrest, conviction, and fine. The Boycott began December 5, the day of Parks’ trial, as a protest by African - Americans for unequal treatment they received on the bus line. Refusing to ride the buses, they maintained the Boycott until the U. S. Supreme Court ordered integration of public transportation one year later. Dr. Martin Luther . . . — Map (db m28176) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Selma-to-Montgomery March |
| | Side A The Selma-to-Montgomery March ended here on March 25, 1965, when 25,000 civil rights marchers arrived at the Alabama State Capitol to demand the right to vote for African Americans. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders addressed the marchers and the nation, culminating a series of demonstrations that began in Selma on March 7 - "Bloody Sunday" - when some 600 peaceful protesters were savagely beaten by lawmen as they tried to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge. . . . — Map (db m62747) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — The Hon. Rufus A. Lewis — 1906 - 1999 |
| | Lewis began an earnest voting rights drive in the early 1940s. Credited with registering 4 generations of Montgomery voters. He established Citizenship School that tutored prospective black voters to fill out the literacy text. A barrier before the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Lewis opened, in 1952 the "Citizens' Club,” a night club for African Americans who were registered voters and who helped others to become voters. Lewis was a graduate of Fisk University and served as . . . — Map (db m28286) HM |
| Alabama (Montgomery County), Montgomery — Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church |
| |
Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in 1918 at this location by ministers of what later became the American Lutheran Church under whose auspices the congregation organized a day school
on the property across the street. That school served the children in the area and was an integral part of the church's ministry. In 1959 the congregation became part of the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod. In 2003 Trinity merged with Grace Lutheran Church to become United Evangelical Lutheran . . . — Map (db m43622) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Malone Hood Plaza |
| | The Autherine Lucy Clock Tower is dedicated to the sacrifice and commitment of a courageous individual who took a stand for change at a crucial time in the history of The University of Alabama. The open arches, which mirror the architecture of Forster Auditorium, illustrate the opportunities that are available to individuals who have the courage and persistence to walk through the door.
The Malone-Hood Plaza is dedicated to the courage and values of those who bore the burden of the . . . — Map (db m37918) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — Site Of The Stand In The Schoolhouse Door / Foster Auditorium, 1939 |
| | Foster Auditorium is the site of the June 11, 1963, “stand in the schoolhouse door” by Governor George C. Wallace in defiance of a court order requiring The University of Alabama to admit African-American students Vivian Malone and James Hood. President John F. Kennedy placed the Alabama National Guard under federal control to enforce the court order as Wallace refused to obey. Wallace then stepped aside and the students registered for class. That night, President Kennedy went on . . . — Map (db m37917) HM |
| Alabama (Tuscaloosa County), Tuscaloosa — University of Alabama’s Slavery Apology |
| | Buried near this plaque are Jack Rudolph and William “Boysey” Brown, two slaves owned by University of Alabama faculty, and William J. Crawford, a University student who died in 1844.
Rudolph was born in Africa about 1791 and died May 5, 1846, from “Bilious Pneumonia.” Brown was born April 10, 1838, and died November 22, 1844, from “Whooping Cough.”
Jack Rudolph and Boysey Brown were among the slaves owned by the University of Alabama and by . . . — Map (db m40389) HM |
| Arizona (Maricopa County), Phoenix — Eastlake Park |
| | Peace
Eastlake Park has served the inhabitants of Phoenix since the late 1880's. Originally known as Patton's Park, it was developed by the Phoenix Railway Company to serve as a recreational area for patrons of the city's trolley system. The park eventually became a place where people of color could meet to relax and celebrate special events without violating separatist laws which existed in the nation and state during the first half of the 20th century.
Eastlake Park's history is one . . . — Map (db m55058) HM |
| Arkansas (Phillips County), Helena — The Right to Vote |
| | The State of Arkansas is Dissolved
In 1867, the state of Arkansas ceased to exist. It was dissolved, as were all states still in rebellion when the Confederate government surrendered in 1865. Readmission to the Union required that the states meet two conditions set by the U.S. Congress.
Congress demanded that the former state write new constitutions that included universal manhood suffrage, ensuring that former slaves had the right to vote. They were also required to ratify the . . . — Map (db m51927) HM |
| California (Alameda County), Berkeley — Frances Albrier — (1898-1987) — Champion of Equal Rights and Social Justice |
| | It was just automatic for me to stand up and tell a person, “You’re wrong. You’re mistreating me. You’re discriminatory. Why don’t you give me a chance?”
Great generosity coupled with anger at injustice guided the life of Frances Albrier. In 1920 she moved from Alabama to Berkeley. She had left the highly segregated South with a college education, but still faced discrimination in housing and jobs. She worked as a maid and union organizer on the Pullman trains, married and . . . — Map (db m54814) HM |
| California (Kern County), Delano — The Forty Acres |
| | Has been designated a
National Historic Landmark.
This property possesses national significance
in commemorating the history of the
United States of America.
Forty Acres embodies and conveys multiple layers of national significance associated with César Chávez. The Farm Worker Movement that thrived under his leadership, and a wider range of civil rights and social reform movements that helped define Twentieth Century American history. — Map (db m54836) HM |
| California (San Diego County), San Diego — Father Antonio Ubach — Last of the Padres — 1835 – 1907 |
| | Antonio Dominic Ubach, passionate advocate for California Native Americans, and defender of Indian rights, ran St. Anthony’s Indian School on this site from 1856 to 1891. Father Ubach, created programs to help hundreds of Indian children adapt to an American society. He lobbied government to protect the Indians and their lands and was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to lead official missions of State. Father Ubach was immortalized in Helen Hunt Jackson’s 1884 novel Ramona as the . . . — Map (db m11647) HM |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Frances E. Willard |
| | Inspired by San Francisco in 1883
Became the first world organizer of women.
Standing here in 1883 she said "We are one world of tempted humanity" — Map (db m18462) HM |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Harvey Milk — May 22, 1930 - November 27, 1978 |
| | Harvey Milk Plaza is named in honor of San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk, California’s first elected official to be openly gay.
In 1975, Harvey Milk opened Castro Camera at 575 Castro Street and moved into the apartment upstairs. Harvey’s store soon became a center for politcal meetings and voter registration drives. Through his involvement in neighborhood issues, he soon became known as “The Mayor of Castro Street”.
As the influx of gay men and lesbians revitalized the . . . — Map (db m21067) HM |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Harvey Milk — May 22, 1930 - November 27, 1978 |
| | Harvey Milk made history as the first openly-gay elected official in California, and one of the first in the nation, when he won election to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in November 1977. His camera store and campaign headquarters at 575 Castro Street and his apartment upstairs were centers of community activism for a wide range of human rights, environmental, labor and neighborhood issues. Harvey Milk's hard work and accomplishments on behalf of all San Franciscans earned him . . . — Map (db m64066) HM |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Leonard Matlovich — A Gay Vietnam Veteran |
| |
In memory of
Leonard Matlovich
who lived in this building for several years.
His epitaph reads:
A Gay Vietnam Veteran
When I was in the military they gave me a medal for killing two men and a discharge for loving one.
Never Again Never Forget
6 July 1943 22 June 1988
In 1975, Tech. Sgt. Leonard Matlovich, winner of the Purple Heart and Bronze Star made the military's ban on gays in the military a national issue when he appeared on the cover of . . . — Map (db m64100) HM |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — The Rainbow Flag |
| | On November 8, 1997, this Rainbow Flag was installed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the election of Harvey Milk to the Board of Supervisors of voters of District 5. This victory by an openly gay man was a watershed for the Queer rights movement. Since then, open lesbians and gay men have been elected to many levels of government in the United States. After Milk's election on November 8, 1977, the following members of San Francisco's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Community have . . . — Map (db m21083) HM |
| Colorado (Prowers County), Granada — Amache - Granada Relocation Center |
| |
Marker No. 1:
Amache
During the first months of World II, the United States Government ordered over 110,000 men, women, and children of Japanese descent to leave their homes, and incarcerated them in remote, military-style camps. The government order came in response to a rising tide of racial prejudice against Japanese Americans and growing national security fears, which prevailed over the protection of individual civil liberties. Yet two-thirds of these individuals were . . . — Map (db m62111) HM |
| Colorado (Summit County), Breckenridge — Barney L. Ford — 1822 - 1902 |
| | In memory of an escaped slave who became a prominent entrepreneur and black Civil rights pioneer in Colorado. In 1880, Ford opened Ford's Restaurant and Chop House in Breckenridge. — Map (db m57958) HM |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Claymont — NC-99 — Old Claymont High School |
| | Constructed 1924-25. Also known as the Green Street School. Prominent in United States history as the first public high school in the 17 segregated states to be legally integrated.
In January 1951, eight black students applied for admission. Due to the “separate but equal” education system in place at that time, the Claymont Board of Education was unable to permit their entry. In July 1951, noted civil rights attorney Louis L. Redding of Wilmington filed a civil action suit . . . — Map (db m14705) HM |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Newark — Iron Hill School #112C — Preserving History: The African-American Community of Iron Hill |
| | The Iron Hill Museum is dedicated to the study of human and natural history of the Iron Hill Area. The Museum is currently engaged in a project to restore the Iron Hill School #112C and document the experiences of African-American students who attended the school between 1923 and 1965.
In order to achieve this, the Museum has embarked on an oral history project to formally interview and record the memories of former students who are now between the ages of 40 and 80. Oral historian Roberta . . . — Map (db m10053) HM |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Wilmington — NC-138 — Brown v. Board of Education |
| | Delaware remained a racially segregated society until the mid-twentieth century. Though the segregation of public schools was supported by the “separate but equal” doctrine that had been upheld by the nation’s highest court, the facilities and services provided students were hardly equal. Seeking to address this situation, citizens in the communities of Claymont and Hockessin solicited the counsel of Louis L. Redding, the state’s first African-American attorney. In 1951, with the . . . — Map (db m3124) HM |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Wilmington — NC-149 — Knotty Pine Restaurant |
| | In 1875 the Delaware General Assembly enacted legislation requiring the racial segregation of public places such as train stations, hotels, and restaurants. For most of the next century this practice was strictly enforced. Established at this location in 1959, the Knotty Pine Restaurant was a refuge for African Americans in a city where access to public facilities was still limited. Noted for its “down home cooking” and friendly atmosphere, the Knotty Pine was popular with residents . . . — Map (db m10920) HM |
| District of Columbia, Washington — Ingrid Bergman |
| | Lisner Auditorium was built in 1946, boasting the biggest stage south of New York City. On its opening night, October 29, 1946, the famed 29 year-old actress Ingrid Bergman was starring in Joan of Lorraine. When Ms. Bergman found out that African-Americans could not attend the performance due to the city's Jim Crow laws, she made her displeasure at segregation known to all who would listen. Unable to void her contract, she performed the play but inspired protests and picket lines outside of . . . — Map (db m58111) HM |
| District of Columbia, Washington — Mansions, Parks, and People — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail - 16 |
| | On your right is Josephine Butler Parks Center, home of Washington Parks & People, a network of groups devoted to DC and its parks. The network's 1927 mansion, which once housed the Hungarian delegation, was part of an embassy row envisioned by Mary Foote Henderson for this area. Henderson built a "castle" across 16th street for her family, and commissioned important architects to create an enclave worthy of important residents. Meridian Hill Park was also a result of her influence.
In the . . . — Map (db m63849) HM |
| District of Columbia, Washington — Pitts Motor Hotel — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail 14 |
| | The Pitts Motor Hotel, formerly located at 1451 Belmont Street, lingers in memory for two reasons. In the 1960s it was a gathering place of Civil Rights movement leaders. Later it became a "welfare hotel."
In March 1968 the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., reserved 30 rooms at the Pitts Hotel to house leaders of the Poor Peoples' Campaign he planned to lead in May. He chose the facility because it was both comfortable and black owned.
Despite Dr. King's 1968 assassination, the . . . — Map (db m63706) HM |
| District of Columbia, Washington — The Fedora |
| | In 1920, Washington D. C. was home to the largest African American Community in the country. Numerous venues in the U street area showcased prominent musicians and politicians of the day. On this site stood the Pitts Motel and its Red Carpet Lounge. "The Pitts" was a favorite of many greats of the era, including Duke Ellington and Ella Fitzgerald, and hosted speakers such as Martin Luther King Jr. Now stands the Fedora so named for Mrs. Fedora Day Purcell, Grandmother of the last owner of the Pitts. — Map (db m63678) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Adams-Morgan — 5 of 18 — Ambassadors of Faith — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail |
| |
Three dramatic religious structures dominate this corner. They are among some 40 religious institutions lining 16th Street between the White House and the Maryland state line.
Many serve as unofficial “embassies” representing the interests of their faiths before the U.S. Government. The neo-Baroque National Baptist Church, to your right, is a memorial to Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island and champion of religious liberty. Its congregation has long worked for social . . . — Map (db m17076) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Anacostia — Campbell African Methodist Episcopal Church — 2562 Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue, SE — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC |
| | Campbell AME, established in 1867 as Mount Zion AME, was an outgrowth of its overcrowded parent church, Allen Chapel AME, founded in 1850. When it moved to a location near the present one in 1890, Mount Zion was renamed for AME Bishop Jabez B. Campbell. Frederick Douglass attended Campbell’s dedication ceremonies and occasionally spoke at the church.
In 1950, under the leadership of Rev. Samuel Everette Guiles, the church organized the Campbell Civic Club, and began hosting NAACP strategy . . . — Map (db m33749) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Anacostia — The Growlery |
| | Here stood Frederick Douglass’ rustic retreat from domestic society, where he could think, read and write undisturbed. Evoking the image of a lion’s lair, he called his hideaway the Growlery. It was simply furnished with a lounge, a high desk and a stool. The present building is a reconstruction. — Map (db m5362) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Capitol Hill — Freedmen’s Memorial Monument to Abraham Lincoln — or Freedom’s Memorial |
| | In grateful memory of Abraham Lincoln. This monument was erected by the Western Sanitary Commission of Saint Louis, Mo., with funds contributed solely by emancipated Citizens of the United States declared free by his Proclamation, January 1st A.D. 1863. The first contribution of five dollars was made by Charlotte Scott, a freed woman of Virginia, being her first earnings in freedom and consecrated by her suggestion and request, on the day she heard of President Lincoln’s death, to build a . . . — Map (db m41617) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Capitol Hill — Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II |
| | [Panel 1 of the historical narrative at memorial entrance]:
On February 19, 1942, 73 days after the United States entered World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which resulted in the removal of 120,000 Japanese American men, women, and children from their homes in the western states and Hawaii.
Allowed only what they could carry, families were forced to abandon homes, friends, farms and businesses to live in ten remote relocation centers guarded by . . . — Map (db m40541) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Capitol Hill — Mary McLeod Bethune |
| | 1875–1955 Let her works praise her. I leave you love. • I leave you hope. • I leave you the challenge of developing confidence in one another. • I leave you a thirst for education. • I leave you a respect for the use of power. • I leave you faith. • I leave you racial dignity. • I leave you also a desire to live harmoniously with your fellow man. • I leave you finally a responsibility to our young people. —Mary McLeod Bethune. — Map (db m5505) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Colonial Village — Frank D. Reeves — 7760 16th Street, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC |
| | Frank D. Reeves (1916–1973), a lawyer and civil
rights activist, was part of the team that shaped the
1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court
case outlawing school segregation. He advised
Senator John F. Kennedy on minority affairs during
the 1960 presidential campaign, then joined the
Howard University School of Law faculty. At the same time Reeves served as legal counsel to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and helped negotiate the 1963 March on Washington . . . — Map (db m24679) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Columbia Heights — 9 of 19 — Justice vs. Injustice — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail |
| |
These elegant 13th Street Houses were constructed when racial separation was legal and widely accepted. In 1910 the deeds for many houses across 13th Street had covenants banning “any negro or colored persons.” Those on this side generally did not have the covenants.
By the 1930s, 13th Street divided black from white. Then, in 1941, African American educator Mary Hundley and her husband Frederick bought 2530 13th Street, on the white side, despite its restrictive covenant. . . . — Map (db m23603) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Columbia Heights — 10 of 19 — On the Heights — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail |
| |
In the days of legally segregated public education (1862-1954), this school building was Central High, the gem of the School Board’s white division. But by 1949, it had few students, as the post-World War II suburban housing boom had drawn whites away. Consequently, African American families outnumbered whites around Central.
Nearby “Colored” high schools - especially Cardozo at Ninth Street and Rhode Island Avenue - struggled with overcrowded, outdated facilities. When . . . — Map (db m23608) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Columbia Heights — 17 of 19 — Social Justice — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail |
| | Straight ahead is All Souls Church, Unitarian, long known for its social activism, starting with abolitionism in the 1820s and ranging through nuclear disarmament and interracial cooperation. During the segregation era, All Souls was one of the few places in DC open to integrated meetings. During the 1980s and '90s it (and other neighborhood churches) even hosted concerts by DC's influential punk bands Bad Brains, Fugazi, Minor Threat, and others.
In the 1960s, the church launched the . . . — Map (db m24152) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — W.3 — Asbury United Methodist Church — Civil War to Civil Rights — Downtown Heritage Trail |
| | Stories of slavery and freedom, of struggle and achievement are woven through the history of this African American congregation. Founded in 1836, by the time of the Civil War Asbury United Methodist Church was the preeminent Black church in the city, its membership of 600 making it the largest of 11 African American congregations in Washington. Today, Asbury counts among its members descendants of District slaves who tried a dramatic escape to freedom in 1848 aboard the ship Pearl. . . . — Map (db m10904) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — 16 — Cesar Chavez — 1927 - 1993 |
| | Led by his desire to secure a better quality of life for migrant farm workers, Cesar Chavez helped found the United Farm Workers of America, the first effective farm workers' union in the United States. Under his leadership of nonviolent protest, the UFW was able to secure improved wages and benefits, more humane living and working conditions, and better job security for some of the poorest workers in America. Through his life of service, Chavez provided inspiration to countless others. . . . — Map (db m15471) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — Freedman’s Savings And Trust |
| | On this site stood the principal office of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company founded on March 3, 1865 to receive deposits from former slaves. Frederick Douglass served as its last president. The bank was closed on June 29, 1874. The building was sold in 1882, and razed a few years later. — Map (db m32482) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — W.7 — Freedom Plaza — Civil War to Civil Rights — Downtown Heritage Trail |
| | “I have a dream.” Martin Luther King, Jr. August 1963
The block-long plaza at 13th and Pennsylvania Avenue just ahead to your left honors civil rights leader Martin Luther King with the name Freedom Plaza. King completed his historic “I Have a Dream” speech in the Willard Hotel adjacent to the plaza, before delivering it to a crowd of 200,000 at the Lincoln Memorial.
Freedom Plaza also recalls Washington’s . . . — Map (db m28528) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — Metropolitan AME Church — 1518 M Street, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC |
| | This church started on Capitol Hill in 1821 as Israel Bethel, was founded by African Americans denouncing White racism at Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal Church. Later, Pastor Henry McNeal Turner helped persuade President Lincoln to accept Black soldiers into the Union Army during the Civil War. In 1870 Israel Bethel merged with Union Bethel to become Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church, the “National Cathedral of African Methodism.” This building, designed by architect . . . — Map (db m30056) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — .4 — The Roots of Freedom and Equality — Civil War to Civil Rights — Downtown Heritage Trail |
| | “It is known to you that events have transpired within the last few days, deeply affecting the peace and character of our community.”
With these words, city officials tried to calm the angry mobs gathering on this corner in April 1848. The crowds blamed the National Era, an abolitionist newspaper located near this sign, for the attempted escape of 77 African American slaves on the ship Pearl. They threatened to destroy the Era’s printing press. The . . . — Map (db m25271) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — The United States Court of Claims |
| | The United States Court of Claims held its first meeting in "Willard's Hotel" on this site on May 11, 1855. The court was established to allow citizens to sue the U.S. Government. In 1861, President Lincoln wrote of the court:
"It is as much the duty of the government to render prompt justice against itself, in favor of citizens, as it is to administer the same between private individuals."
This memorial is placed here on behalf of the United
States Court of Federal Claims . . . — Map (db m6587) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — W.6 — Willard Inter-Continental Hotel — Civil War to Civil Rights — Downtown Heritage Trail |
| | "This hotel, in fact, may be much more justly called the center of Washington and the Union than either the Capitol, the White House or the State Department. . ." Nathaniel Hawthorne, Civil War reporter for the Atlantic Monthly At 6:30 a.m. in late February 1861, President-elect Abraham Lincoln and his security team headed by Alan Pinkerton slipped into what was then called Willard's Hotel, an earlier version of the hotel now at this site. Assassination threats dictated this quiet . . . — Map (db m10905) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Foggy Bottom — St. Mary’s Episcopal Church — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC — 728 23rd Street, NW |
| | [Panel 1]:
St. Mary’s was the first Episcopal church in Washington where African Americans could worship free of discrimination. It was established in 1867 by 28 men and women, many of them formerly enslaved. Two White congregations, St. John’s Church and Church of the Epiphany, worked with founders to establish St. Mary’s. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton donated the chapel from a decommissioned Civil War hospital, and another benefactor donated this lot. The present (1887) . . . — Map (db m46905) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Judiciary Square — DC Recorder of Deeds Building/WPA Era Murals — 515 D Street, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC |
| | DC’s Art Deco/Art Moderne Recorder of Deeds Building (1941) houses city land records. Many notable African Americans have served as recorders of deeds since President Garfield appointed Frederick Douglass to the post in 1881. These include Branche K. Bruce, the first African American to serve a full term in the U.S. Senate. Artwork inside includes portraits of recorders of deeds. Selma Burke’s bronze relief of Franklin D. Roosevelt, a statue of a young Abraham Lincoln, and seven murals . . . — Map (db m29657) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Mount Vernon Square/Shaw — 1 of 17 — Words and Deeds — Midcity at the Crossroads — Shaw Heritage Trail |
| | Wealthy industrialist Andrew Carnegie donated funds to build the Beaux Arts-style building you see across the street to your left, the city’s first public library. The Central Library opened in 1903 with 12,412 books by its predecessor, the private Washington City Free Library.
The public library welcomed all races at a time when the city was generally segregated. It occupied an unofficial border between businesses that primarily served Whites to the south, and those that largely catered . . . — Map (db m21801) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Near Northeast — 7 — Provisions for the City — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail |
| | This high ground near the B&O Railroad tracks has been Union Terminal Market since 1931. That year Center Market on Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, came down to make way for the National Archives. Vendors seeking new locations clustered here. Before the market arrived, this land was part of the Brentwood estate, and then the World War I-era Camp Meigs, an army training post. In the 1920s the Hechinger lumber yard replaced the camp. With the railroad so convenient, traveling circuses occasionally set . . . — Map (db m60014) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Near Northeast — 16 — The Fires of 1968 — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail |
| | On Friday, April 5, 1968 the 600 block of H Street went up in flames. The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had been assassinated a day earlier, and grief-stricken, angry men and women had taken to the streets across the city. Some took part in looting and burning. Helen Wooden Wood remembered watching from her home on Linden Place as flames spread. "It was horrible. You could feel the heat and couldn't open the windows for the smoke." According to a fireman, the alley behind Morton's . . . — Map (db m59909) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Near Northeast — 6 — The Iceman's Arena — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail |
| | Uline Arena was built in 1941 by ice maker Mike Uline to present ice skating, hocky, basketball, and tennis. The Dutch immigrant, originally named Migiel Uihlein, had made a fortune patenting ice production equipment and selling ice from his plant next door. For years Washingtonians rode the streetcar here for sports, worship services, concerts, and cook-offs. Judge Kaye K. Christian recalled that during the 1950s and '60s her mother Alice Stewart Christian won the Afro-American . . . — Map (db m59983) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Bethune Museum-Archives |
| | Mary McLeod Bethume "Council House" National Historic Site Designated October 15, 1982 by Act of Congress Born on July 10, 1875, in Mayesville, South Carolina, Mary McLeod Bethune was the daughter of sharecroppers. After attending Scotia Seminary in North Carolina she founded Daytona School for Negro Girls which became Bethune-Cookman College. A leader in the black women's club movement, Mrs. Bethune became advisor to Presidents Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin Roosevelt. During . . . — Map (db m17502) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Constitution Hall |
| | has been designated a
National
Historic Landmark
This site possesses national significance
In commemorating the history of the
United States of America
1985
National Park Service
United States Department of the Interior — Map (db m50841) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Howard University — Sixth Street and Howard Place, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC |
| | Howard University, one of the oldest Black colleges in the United States, was established by Congress in 1866 to educate formerly enslaved individuals. Its name honors Freedman's Bureau Commissioner General Oliver Otis Howard, a member of the white First Congregational Society of Washington, D.C., which originally conceived of the school as a theological seminary to train black ministers. Mordecai Wyatt Johnson, who became president in 1926, shaped Howard into a modern institution. The . . . — Map (db m30057) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Mahatma Gandhi Memorial |
| | [Inscription on base of statue - West Side:]
Mahatma Gandhi
1869-1948
“My Life Is My Message”
[North Side:]
Gandhi led India to freedom from British rule in 1947. He is hailed as the father of the nation. Crusader for human rights and liberty, thinker, writer, reformer, apostle of truth and non-violence (ahimsa), Gandhi succeeded in uniting millions of people of all faiths across India in a mass movement of civil disobedience. On . . . — Map (db m39923) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Penn Quarter — National Council of Negro Women — 633 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW. — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC |
| | The National Council of Negro Women was founded in 1935 by Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) to "harness the power and extend the leadership of African American women." Early on, the Council campaigned to outlaw the discriminatory poll tax, develop a public health program, adopt anti-lynching legislation, and end discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces, defense industries and government housing. The Council's 1995 move to this grand, former hotel building made it the only African American . . . — Map (db m30059) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Shaw — 6 of 14 — A Home Away From Home — City Within a City — Greater U Street Heritage Trail |
| | The Thurgood Marshall Center for Service and Heritage occupies the historic Italian Renaissance-style building of the 12th Street YMCA, known after 1972 as the Anthony Bowen YMCA.
The 12th Street YMCA was the first African American YMCA in the nation, formed in 1853 by Anthony Bowen, a former slave who became a civic leader in the nation’s capital and a member of the city’s Common Council. This YMCA met in various places for decades until it raised $100,000 to build this structure between . . . — Map (db m40767) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Shaw — 12 of 17 — Reaching for Equality — Midcity at the Crossroads — Shaw Heritage Trail |
| | For much of the 1900s, inexpensive entertainments lined much of Seventh and Ninth Streets, from D to U Streets. Vaudeville houses, pool halls, record shops and taverns made for a busy night life. And everyone went to the movies. Two small theaters once operated on this block, the Alamo at 1203 and the Mid City (1223). Seventh Street also boasted the Happyland (1220), Gem (1131), and Broadway (1515), with the Raphael nearby at 1401 Ninth.
Until 1953, Washington’s movie houses were . . . — Map (db m27733) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Shaw — 5 — Spiritual Life — Midcity at the Crossroads — Shaw Heritage Trail |
| | Washington’s first black Muslim temple opened in 1940 when the Nation of Islam established Temple No. 4 at 1525-1527 Ninth Street. The Nation of Islam’s second national leader, Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975), presided over the event. Founded in Chicago in 1931 by Wallace Fard, the Nation of Islam stands for discipline, racial pride, and respect for women, Allah and the Qu’ran, justice, pacifism, and the separation of African Americans from White society.
In 1960 the temple, renamed Masjid . . . — Map (db m28606) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Shaw — 10 of 14 — Strong Families and Eminent Citizens — City Within a City — Greater U Street Heritage Trail |
| | The fine rowhouses in this part of the Shaw neighborhood, such as those on this street, were once home to many of the community’s old families and most distinguished citizens.
Charles Hamilton Houston, a national leader in civil rights, was born one block south of here in the 1400 block of Swann Street. A prominent African American lawyer and Howard University professor, he worked with his most famous student, the future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, to develop the arguments that . . . — Map (db m41927) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Shaw — Washington Afro-American Newspaper Office Building — 1800 11th Street, NW — African American Heritage Trail. Washington, DC |
| | The independent weekly Afro-American, one of the most enduring Black newspapers in the country was founded in Baltimore in 1892 by John H. Murphy, Sr. The Washington Afro-American began publication in 1932, and operated from this building from 1937 until the late 1970s. Howard University architect Albert Cassell designed the conversion of this formerly residential building into offices.
Under the motto “A Champion of Civic Welfare and the Square Deal,” the . . . — Map (db m55538) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Southeast — Whitney M. Young, Jr. Memorial Bridge |
| | Named in honor of
Whitney Moore Young, Jr.
1921-1971
Humanitarian-scholar and venerable leader of the National Urban League whose work produced landmark changes in civil rights laws and notable progress towards social and economic justice in America. — Map (db m15606) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Lincoln Memorial |
| | [Dedication by Royal Cortissoz, above the statue by sculptor Daniel Chester French:]
"In this temple as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the Union the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever."
[Inscription on deck above the grand staircase:]
"I Have A Dream"
Martin Luther King, Jr.
The March on Washington
for Jobs and Freedom
August 28, 1963
[Panel on terrace below the grand staircase:]
The Federal Union of the . . . — Map (db m28607) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), The Tidal Basin — Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial — National Mall and Memorial Parks, Washington, D.C. |
| | “With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free on day.” – Martin Luther King, Jr., "I Have a Dream,” August 28, 1963. . . . — Map (db m46398) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), The Tidal Basin — The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial |
| | At this site will be erected the Martin Luther King, Jr .Memorial. The memorial will embody the man, the movement and the message. It will honor this 20th century visionary who brought about change through the principles of nonviolence and equally for all. It will be a memorial symbolizing promise and hope for a brighter future for humanity.
Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc is the sponsor of this memorial. Dedicated by Adrian L. Wallace, President, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc.; John H. . . . — Map (db m208) HM |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Union Station — 2 — Gateway to The Nation's Capital — Hub, Home, Heart — Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail |
| | With its view of the Capitol and Senate office buildings, and with the Library of Congress and the Supreme Court just a short stroll away, Union Station truly is the gateway to the heart of the nation's government. The station is also where official Washington mixes with the local city. Before air travel became common in the 1950s, Union Station attracted enormous crowds to salute arriving presidents, watch protesters, or shriek at the Beatles disembarking for their first live American concert. . . . — Map (db m59924) HM |
| Florida (Bay County), Panama City — F-479 — The Gideon Versus Wainwright Case |
| | This is the site of the landmark Gideon case, after which the Public Defender system was established in Florida and throughout the nation. In 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon (1910-1972) stood trial in this courthouse for the felony of burglary. Lacking funds to hire a lawyer, Gideon requested that a lawyer be appointed to represent him at trial. Gideon’s request was denied, because at that time, a person accused of a non-capital felony did not have a constitutional right to a free lawyer. Gideon . . . — Map (db m42115) HM |
| Florida (Broward County), Fort Lauderdale — F-716 — Fort Lauderdale Beaches Wade-Ins |
| | On July 4, 1961, local NAACP president Eula Johnson and black physician Dr. Von D. Mizell began a series of nationally publicized "wade-ins" of Fort Lauderdale beaches. Johnson, Mizell, a third black adult, and four black college students participated in the first "wade-in." As many as 200 African-American residents took part in subsequent "wade-ins" during July and August 1961. The demonstrations were prompted by Broward County's failure to build a road to provide access to "Colored Beach," . . . — Map (db m48852) HM |
| Florida (Duval County), Jacksonville — F-463 — 1960 Civil Rights Demonstration |
| | On Saturday, August 27,1960, 40 Youth Council demonstrators from the Jacksonville Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) advised by local civil rights leader Rutledge H. Pearson (1929-1967), sat in at the W.T. Grant Department Store, then located at the corner of West Adams and North Main Streets, and at Woolworth's Five and Ten Cent Store on Hogan Street across from Hemming Park. Seeking access to the whites-only lunch counters, the youths were met by . . . — Map (db m58011) HM |
| Florida (Hillsborough County), Tampa — José Martí |
| |
( Spanish )
Desde esta escalinata
En el Año 1893
José Martí
Apóstol de la Libertad
de Cuba
Con elocuentes palabras
pidió a los tabaqueros
Cubanos emigrados que le
ayudasen a conquistar la
independencia de su país,
aportando hombres, armas
y dinero.
Muchos obreros cambiaron
la chaveta por el machete
y otros donaron centenares
de miles de pesos para
salvar de la opresión
a un pueblo y crear
la República de Cuba
[English Translation) . . . — Map (db m14431) HM |
| Florida (Hillsborough County), Tampa — St. Benedict the Moor School |
| | Located on this site was the former St. Benedict the Moor School, a Catholic school for black children that was one of the most important buildings associated with black history in Tampa. The property was purchased for $600 on March 15, 1900. The school, a two-story brick building, was completed several years after the acquisition of the property. It housed four classrooms and an auditorium that also served as a chapel. St. Benedict was built under the vision of Bishop Augustin Verot, who in . . . — Map (db m37794) HM |
| Florida (Indian River County), Fellsmere — F-519 — Birthplace for Equal Suffrage for Women in Florida |
| | “ The population of Fellsmere is of a high type of intelligence, with lofty ideals and wise execution. Progressive in all things, perhaps no better indication of the fact may be given than the unanimous vote of the town granting unrestricted suffrage to women.” Fellsmere Tribune, March 8, 1916.
At a February 1915 meeting at the Dixie Theater, Fellsmere citizens accepted the articles of incorporation unanimously. The charter included a unique proposal that women be . . . — Map (db m14303) HM |
| Florida (Indian River County), Fellsmere — Fellsmere |
| | Fellsmere is a dramatic account of floods, land "booms" and land "busts". Named for E. Nelson Fell, Fellsmere was first incorporated in 1911, as part of St. Lucie County. The Fellsmere Farms Land Development Company promoted the area's rich soils and natural resources. By 1915, Fellsmere had a railroad, an electric company, two hotels and women could vote...a first in Florida. Overwhelmed by torrential rains and the Great Depression, Fellsmere struggled until the sugar cane fields brought . . . — Map (db m14304) HM |
| Florida (Levy County), Rosewood — F-497 — Rosewood, Florida |
| | Racial violence erupted in the small and quiet Rosewood community January 1-7, 1923. Rosewood, a predominantly colored community, was home to the Bradley, Carrier, Carter, Goins, and Hall families, among others. Residents supported a school taught by Mahulda “Gussie” Brown Carrier, three churches, and a Masonic lodge. Many of them owned their homes, some were business owners, and others worked in nearby Sumner and at the Cummer Lumber Mill. This quiet life came to an end on January . . . — Map (db m17707) HM |
| Florida (Monroe County), Key West — F-546 — The Little White House |
| | Built in 1890 as quarters for Navy officers, the Little White House later was used by American Presidents William Howard Taft, Harry S. Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. Truman used the facility as a vacation home and functioning White House between 1946 and 1952. National legislation was drafted and official government business was conducted daily from the site. Perhaps the most important of these actions occurred on December 5, 1951, when Truman . . . — Map (db m32655) HM |
| Florida (Putnam County), Crescent City — F-564 — Asa Philip Randolph |
| | Civic Rights Activist, Trade Union Leader, Crusader for Justice. 1889–1979.
“Salvation for a race, nation or class must come from within. Freedom is never granted; it is won. Justice is never given; it is exacted.”
Asa Philip Randolph was born in Crescent City, Florida on April 15, 1889 to Rev. James Williams and Elizabeth Robinson Randolph. His father was a minister at this church where Randolph attended as a youth. In 1925 he became the founder and president of the . . . — Map (db m5514) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 10 Hildreth Drive — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Fullerwood School was built in 1927 and is the only example in St. Augustine of the work of noted architect A. Ten Eyck Brown (1878-1940), famed for his courthouses, banks, and city halls in New Orleans, Miami and Atlanta. His name is on the cornerstone of the building.
Although there had been racially integrated schools in St. Augustine in colonial times, when the public school system was established here after the Civil War it was done on a segregated basis, with separate schools for . . . — Map (db m40725) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 102 M.L. King Avenue — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This area in the heart of Lincolnville was associated with black education for nearly a century. This lot was the site of the Presbyterian Parochial and Industrial School, headed by Rev. James H. Cooper. It was demolished in 1940 and the grounds became part of Excelsior School.
Across the street there were two school buildings dating back to the Flagler Era of the late 1800s, before the existing Excelsior School was built in 1925. It was the first public high school serving black students . . . — Map (db m40701) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 1074 W King Street — Freedom Trail |
| | This was the home of Mrs. Georgie Mae Reed (1926-1995), who took part in one of the most famous events in the civil rights movement that changed America and inspired the world.
On March 31, 1964, Mrs. Reed was one of five St. Augustine women who accompanied Mrs. Mary Peabody, the 72 year old mother of the governor of Massachusetts, to the Ponce de Leon Motor Lodge on U.S. 1 North. The group sat down in the restaurant there and asked to be served. They were arrested instead.
That event . . . — Map (db m17916) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 111 Lincoln Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Constructed before 1885, this is one of the oldest surviving buildings in Lincolnville, an historic neighborhood founded by freed slaves after the Civil War.
It was home to two generations of the Moran family. Horace Moran was the chef at the Monson Hotel on the bayfront for half a century, and in the 1920s he was president of the company that put out The Home Circle Weekly, one of the pioneer black publications in St. Augustine.
Moran was active in St. Mary’s Baptist Church, . . . — Map (db m21194) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 112 M.L. King Avenue |
| | This house was built between 1904 and 1910 on what was then called Central Avenue. The name was changed in 1986. There are many streets in America named to honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., but this one is special because he actually walked on it in the course of changing history.
In 1964 this was the home of Robert Victor Bell, who worked for the Post Office, and his wife Willie Mae Bell. The family was active in the civil rights movement, and their daughter, Veronica, was one of the . . . — Map (db m17915) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 120 DeHaven Street |
| | This house was built in the 1920s and purchased a decade later by Jutson Ayers, who worked as an alligator wrestler for a quarter of a century at the St. Augustine Alligator Farm before his death in 1958. His widow, Mrs. Rena Ayers, gave important support to the civil rights movement of the 1960s by providing lodging for out-of-towners who came here to support the movement.
In March 2005, when she was 100 years old, Mrs. Ayers had a visit from one of those she had hosted 41 years before. . . . — Map (db m17914) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 156 M.L. King Avenue |
| | The house at 156 Central Avenue was built in the 1950's for Mrs. Janie Price, a nurse at Flagler Hospital. She had taken her nurse's training at Grady Hospital in Atlanta in the 1940s and while there had attended dances with students from Morehouse College--one of them a teenager named Martin Luther King, Jr.
When Dr. King came to St. Augustine during the campaign that led to the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, this was one of the houses where he stayed. Mrs. Price . . . — Map (db m7627) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 160 M.L. King Avenue — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | The southern half of Lincolnville was, in colonial times, a plantation called "Buena Esperanza" (Spanish for "Good Hope"). During the Flagler Era of the 1880s, it was bought by Standard Oil millionaire William Warden and developed as a residential subdivision. One of Warden's investments was the local gas and electric company, whose manager lived in this elegant Victorian house, which originally bore the address of 160 Central Avenue.
In 1954, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in the famous . . . — Map (db m40699) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 177 Twine Street — Freedom Trail |
| | The event that brought the civil rights movement in St. Augustine to international attention was the arrest of Mary Parkman Peabody (1891-1981), the 72-year old mother of the Governor of Massachusetts, for trying to be served in a racially integrated group at the Ponce de Leon Motor Lodge on March 31, 1964. The socially prominent Mrs. Peabody, whose husband was an Episcopal bishop, and who was related to Eleanor Roosevelt, stayed here at 177 Twine Street when she was not in the St. Johns County . . . — Map (db m7610) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 222 Riberia Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Bethel Baptist Church was founded in 1939 by Rev. William Banks, the former pastor of St. Mary's Missionary Baptist Church on Washington Street, and other members from that congregation. Land was acquired on Riberia Street, and the church building constructed in 1943. From its earlier years, the picturesque church, with its distinctive coquina shell-dash stucco finish, has attracted the attention of artists. It became famous around the country through its appearance in many paintings.
In . . . — Map (db m21207) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 262 West King Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Leo C. Chase, Sr., who had previously managed the Huff Funeral Home in Lincolnville, opened one of the oldest businesses in St. Augustine, this funeral home in 1955. His son, Arnett Chase, took over after his father's death in 1977. Another son, Leo C. Chase, Jr., was the first St. Augustinian killed in the Vietnam War, and a nearby park was named in his honor in 1965.
During the 1960s, this was a place of sanctuary for civil rights activists who were subjected to harassment in St. . . . — Map (db m40723) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 31 King Street |
| | The Ponce de Leon Shopping Center opened in 1955 as the first downtown shopping center in St. Augustine. It was designated by Morris Lapidus (1902-2001), Florida's most famous mid-twentieth century architect, and is the only example of his work in the Ancient City. It was anchored by a Woolworth's store on the west side (the door handles still say Woolworth's). On February 1, 1960, black college students in Greensboro, N.C. began a sit-in at their Woolworth's lunch counter to protest racial . . . — Map (db m7696) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 56 Park Place — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This house, overlooking Maria Sanchez Lake, was built in the 1950's for a distinguished family of educators. James G. Reddick was a longtime principal of Excelsior School and his wife Maude was the supervisor of black schools in St. Augustine in the age of segregation.
Professor Reddick also edited the first black newspaper, The St. Augustine Post in the 1930's. In March 1964 four prominent women from Boston (three of them wives of Episcopal Bishops) came to St. Augustine to give their . . . — Map (db m21187) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 57 Chapin Street |
| | 57 Chapin Street was once the home of Willie Galimore (1935-1964), the most famous athlete to come from St. Augustine. A three-time Pittsburgh Courier All-American football player at Florida A & M University under the legendary coach Jake Gaither, Galimore is now a member of the College Hall of Fame. He played professionally for the Chicago Bears under coach George Halas from 1957 until his tragic death in an auto accident in 1964. He was nicknamed "Galloping Gal" and renowned for his speed. . . . — Map (db m7732) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 570 Christopher Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This was the home of Rev. Roscoe Halyard and his wife Flora, both active participants in the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Rev. Halyard, who was associated with Zion Baptist Church and worked as a carpenter, made trips to both Tallahassee and Washington to talk with government officials about the racial situation in St. Augustine.
He was one of the group that convinced the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to come to St. Augustine in the Spring of 1964, and made the . . . — Map (db m21208) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 64 Washington Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | 64 Washington Street was the Florida State Headquarters of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during and after the civil rights demonstrations of 1964. SCLC was founded in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. after the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56. The first executive director of SCLC was a former St. Augustinian, Dr. John Tilley (1898-1971). He had lived here while serving as president of Florida Normal (later Florida Memorial) College in the 1940s. In charge of . . . — Map (db m7607) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 650 Julia Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This house was built in 2008 by Habitat for Humanity for one of the Ancient City's civil rights heroes, Audrey Nell Edwards. Along with JoeAnn Anderson Ulmer, Samuel White, and Willie Carl Singleton, she was one of the "St. Augustine Four." As young teenagers, they were arrested for seeking service at the segregated lunch counter of the local Woolworth store on July 18, 1963, and spent the next six months in jail and reform school when they refused to sign a statement for the County Judge that . . . — Map (db m40724) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 21 — 76 Washington Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | The St. Augustine office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was located in this building from the 1970's until the early 1990's. The organization's roots in the Ancient City began much earlier. William English Walling (1877-1936), one of the organizers and the first chairman of the NAACP, was a frequent guest at the nearby Alcazar Hotel--now St. Augustine City Hall. A local NAACP Chapter was first organized here in 1915.
Notable NAACP member, James . . . — Map (db m21181) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 79 Bridge Street |
| | The Rudcarlie Building at 79 Bridge Street was built in the 1950's by Dr. Rudolph N. Gordon (1901-1959) and named for the members of his family. Rudolph, Carlotta, and Rosalie. It was the first medical/dental office constructed in St. Augustine without racially segregated waiting rooms.
After Dr. Gordon's death, the office was rented to Dr. Robert B. Hayling, a dentist who became a prominent leader of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine. Many of the planning sessions for the . . . — Map (db m7640) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 8 Dr. R.B. Hayling Place |
| | The house at 8 Scott Street was built in the 1950s as part of Rollins Subdivision, a new residential area where many prominent black St. Augustinians made their homes. In the early 1960s it was the residence of Dr. Robert B. Hayling and family. A dentist and Air Force veteran from Tallahassee, Dr. Hayling became the leader of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine. This house became a target for racist attacks. In one of them, the family dog was killed and Mrs. Hayling narrowly escaped . . . — Map (db m7628) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 81 Bridge Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This Victorian house in the historic Lincolnville neighborhood (founded by freed slaves after the Civil War) became a civil rights landmark in 1964. It was a gathering place for people in the movement, where they could meet, rest, seek solace, and get something to eat, courtesy of Mrs. Cora Tyson. By day, she was the cafeteria manager at Webster Elementary School, but she did extra work during her off-hours to support the campaign against racial discrimination.
Those who enjoyed her . . . — Map (db m40729) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 84 Bridge Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Trinity United Methodist Church is the oldest congregation in historic Lincolnville and one of the oldest Protestant congregations in Florida. Its origins date to the early American period, in the 1820s, when a Methodist missionary came to St. Augustine and baptized both blacks and whites.
Two earlier church buildings, on Charlotte Street and on St. George Street, housed integrated groups until the Civil War, when the whites withdrew and the congregation became all black. In 1905 the . . . — Map (db m21206) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 84 St. Benedict Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | The narrow streets and small building lots of this area mark it as the earliest part of Lincolnville, founded by freed slaves after the Civil War and now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. An earlier house that stood on this site was the home of William VanDyke, a pioneer black elected official of St. Augustine in the 1870s.
The current building was constructed between 1910 and 1917 to serve as a parsonage for the adjacent St. Paul A.M.E. Church. It is similar in age, . . . — Map (db m21192) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 94 South Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This has been the home to the Whites, one of the outstanding families active in the 1963-1964 civil rights movement in St. Augustine. Parents James (a decorated Buffalo Soldier from World War II) and Hattie Lee White both took part in demonstrations and went to jail for freedom in those times. Their son Samuel was one of the "St. Augustine Four"--teenagers who spent six months in jail and reform school after a July 1963 sit-in at the Woolworth's lunch counter downtown. Mrs. White wrote to NAACP . . . — Map (db m40700) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 96 Evergreen Avenue |
| | Zion Baptist Church, with its distinctive double towers, was built in 1921 to house a congregation originally organized in 1886. It is the last house of worship passed by many funerals on their way to several nearby cemeteries, including the one from which the street takes its name: Evergreen.
It was one of the churches where civil rights rallies were held in the 1960's when St. Augustine was the site of a major campaign led by Dr. Martin Luther King and Dr. Robert B. Hayling that . . . — Map (db m7803) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — 97 M.L. King Avenue |
| | 97 Martin Luther King Avenue was built in the 1920s by Frederick E. Martin, a prominent Lincolnville businessman whose name is set in the tile inside the front door. It was a popular confectionery and sundries store under many owners, drawing some of its customers from three neighboring schools: Excelsior, St. Benedict, and the Presbyterian Parochial and Industrial School.
The back section of the building, along Dehaven Street, was added in the mid 1920s. It served first as a pool room, . . . — Map (db m7727) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — Former St. Johns County Jail — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This building, designed by architect F. A. Hollingsworth, opened in 1953 as the St. Johns County Jail, replacing an earlier jail building on San Marco Avenue that subsequently became a tourist attraction. A decade later, this building played a prominent role in the civil rights movement, when hundreds of demonstrators were incarcerated here in 1963 and 1964. At one point, the president of the United States was told that if he wanted to keep an eye on the leaders of the civil rights movement, he . . . — Map (db m40728) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — Freedom Trail - 113 DeHaven Street |
| | This was the home of Oscar Turner (1898-1987) and his wife Mabel (1903-1978). Their daughter, Mattie, married educator and coach A. Malcolm Jones, the principal of Richard J. Murray High School, for whom the recreational field at the nearby Willie Galimore Community Center is named.
A native of South Carolina, Mr. Turner came to St. Augustine in the 1920s and worked for 40 years for the Florida East Coast Railway. The family lived for many years on Gault Street in North City, near the . . . — Map (db m40698) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — Freedom Trail - 5480 Atlantic View |
| | This beach cottage attracted international attention in 1964, and a photograph taken here of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. pointing to a bullet hole in the window has become one of the iconic images of the civil rights movement. It was the winter home of Dr. Cyril M. Canright (1894-1965) and his wife Winifred (1898-1995), who taught as missionaries in China in the 1920s and 1930s and later made their home in New Jersey. They were supporters of the civil rights movement. They made their beach . . . — Map (db m40697) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — Gault Street |
| | Gault Street was one of the historically black residential streets in North City. Many residents worked at the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind, the Fountain of Youth, laundries and ice plants that were once located in the area.
Three Victorian houses on the west side of the street were built in the 1880's. Most of the houses on the east side of the street were built in the 1920's by Henry Proctor, descendant of one of the famous free black families of colonial Florida whose story . . . — Map (db m7580) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — Reverend Goldie M. Eubanks — (Anointed Leader) — 172 Palmo Street, Lincolnville |
| | Home of Rev. Goldie M. Eubanks, Senior, his wife Hattie and nine children. Humbled by Family and Fatherhood, Leadership and Christian Fellowship, and driven by a cry from within his inner soul to make this world a better place, this self-styled minister and Christian Evangelist was a Vice President of the NAACP and SCLC leader with the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. This home was often the target of night riders and opponents of civil rights.
Northward along Palmo Street were homes . . . — Map (db m7080) HM |
| Florida (Saint Johns County), St. Augustine — St. Augustine Beach Wade-Ins — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Some of the most widely-publicized events of the civil rights movement took place at St. Augustine Beach in the summer of 1964, when wade-ins were conducted at what had historically been a beach reserved for “Whites Only”. Many courageous local residents took part in the wade-ins, along with a number of staff members of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), including Rev. C.T. Vivian, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, Dorothy Cotton, Al Lingo, Rev. LaVert Taylor, Benjamin Van . . . — Map (db m40727) HM |
| Georgia (Carroll County), Villa Rica — Freedom Riders |
| | The Villa Rica bus station, formerly located on this site, was on the route of the 1961 Freedom Riders that departed Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1961 with New Orleans, Louisiana, as its final destination.
Freedom riders were civil rights activists who rode public buses on interstate routes through the southeast to test rulings outlawing racial segregation.
While the resolve of the freedom riders was challenged by violence elsewhere, they passed through Villa Rica without serious incident on May 14, 1961 — Map (db m42416) HM |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — Ebenezer Baptist Church |
| | "Our Stone of Help."
"Then Samuel took a stone and named it Ebenezer for he said, 'Thus far the Lord has helped us.'"
(I Samuel 7:12.)
The Rev. John A. Parker,
Pastor 1886-1894.
The Rev. Dr. Alfred Daniel Williams,
Pastor 1894-1931.
The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Sr.,
Pastor 1931-1975.
The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
Co-pastor 1960-1968.
The Rev. Dr. Alfred Daniel Williams King,
Co-pastor 1969-1970.
The Rev. Dr. Otis Moss, Jr.,
Co-pastor 1971-72. . . . — Map (db m5481) HM |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — Ebenezer Baptist Church |
| | has been designated a
National Historic Landmark This site possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States of America May 5th 1977 National Park Service United States Department of the Interior
[bottom sign]
Ebenezer Baptist Church Heritage Sanctuary
407-413 Auburn Avenue
Ebenezer Baptist Church has been a spiritual, social, and political center - a home-away-from-home - for generations of black Atlantans. Under the leadership of the . . . — Map (db m6675) HM |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — Historic Fire Station No. 6 |
| |
Fire Station No. 6 was one of seven fire stations built in Atlanta, Georgia during the 1890s to serve the city's bustling growth of suburban neighborhoods. One of the early means of transportation for the firemen was the horse-drawn hose wagon. When Martin Luther King, Jr. was growing up in this neighborhood of Sweet Auburn, a 1927 American LaFrance fire engine (like the one on display inside) was used by the firemen who worked here at this fire station.
In the 1930s and 1940s . . . — Map (db m64776) HM |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site |
| |
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[Photo 1 caption reads]
King and daughter Bernice
The community in which I was born was quite ordinary in terms of social status. No one...had attained any great wealth....It was a wholesome community....most of our neighbors were deeply religious.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[Photo . . . — Map (db m64767) HM |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — Slave Square |
| |
In 1852 the Atlanta City Council ruled that African Americans were to be buried in a segregated section at the rear of Oakland Cemetery, at the eastern boundary of the original 6 acres. By the beginning of the Civil war, more than 800 persons had been buried in this section that was known as Slave Square. As more acres were purchased, the cemetery expanded around Slave Square to its current size of 48 acres. In 1866 the Atlanta City Council established a segregated burial ground at the rear . . . — Map (db m64824) HM |
| Georgia (Liberty County), McIntosh — Union Brotherhood Society |
| | (Front text)
William Mckinley Walthour, Sr. founded the Union Brotherhood Society or "The Society" in March 1932 to help provide for a proper burial of Negro citizens. During this period of segregation and Jim Crow Laws, Negroes were uninsured and had to use homemade pine boxes to bury their loved ones. The organization collected dues of ten and twenty-five cents
monthly from its members; enabling them to have death and health benefits. The Society with 34 members still exists in 2006 . . . — Map (db m9491) HM |
| Georgia (Liberty County), Midway — Athletic Programs at Dorchester Academy 1926-1940 — Dorchester Academy — Museum Of African American History |
| | Founding the athletic programs was considered one of Principal Elizabeth Moore's greatest achievements. School teams came to be known as the Dorchester Academy Tigers and Tigerettes, with "Shag" the tiger as their mascot. Dorchester Academy participated in it's first athletic event in 1926, a Savannah public school track meet. Basketball teams were organized that same year. The academy began to develop a football team in 1927 and a baseball team soon after. Boys' and girls' basketball teams . . . — Map (db m9056) HM |
| Georgia (Liberty County), Midway — Liberty County Citizen's Council 1946 - 1953 — Dorchester Academy — Museum Of African American History |
| | The Errosion of the Franchise
With the passage of the 14th and 15th amendments to the U.S. Constitution in 1868 and 1869, African Americans were granted full citizenship and the right to vote. In less than a decade, nearly 100,000 black men had registered to vote in Georgia. Success, however was short-lived.
In 1877 Georgia passed a new state constitution which restricted the franchise by adding a residency requirement and altering the state's poll tax law to make it . . . — Map (db m9065) HM |
| Georgia (Liberty County), Midway — S.C.L.C. and the Voter Education Program 1962-1970 — Dorchester Academy — Museum Of African American History |
| | Citizenship Schools
Dorchester Cooperative Center played a key role in the struggle for civil rights and the vote.
In 1954, Septima Clarke, a school teacher from Charleston, SC and Esau Jenkins, a farmer and school bus driver from Johns Island, SC, were on the forefront of grassroots efforts to make voter registration a reality. With the support from the Highlander Folk School, they devised a plan to help rural adults to pass literacy and citizenship tests.
The first . . . — Map (db m9066) HM |
| Georgia (Madison County), Danielsville — 97-1 — Lt. Col. Lemuel Penn and the Civil Rights Act |
| | On the night of July 11, 1964 three African-American World War II veterans returning home following training at Ft. Benning, Georgia were noticed in Athens by local members of the Ku Klux Klan. The officers were followed to the nearby Broad River Bridge where their pursuers fired into the vehicle, killing Lt. Col. Lemuel Penn. When a local jury failed to convict the suspects of murder, the federal government successfully prosecuted the men for violations under the new Civil Rights Act of 1964, . . . — Map (db m29857) HM |
| Georgia (Morgan County), Madison — Reconstruction Property Rights |
| | Georgia's General Assembly of 1865-1866 passed important property rights laws for its black population, most of whom had recently been emancipated. Blacks could legally buy, sell, inherit, and lease both land and personal property. The experience of John Wesley Moore (1862-1908) serves as an example of emerging African-American property ownership.
As a farmhand for James A. Fannin, Moore likely established his household on the Fannin Farm. In less than a decade, he acquired 9 acres of . . . — Map (db m20833) HM |
| Georgia (Muscogee County), Columbus — Dr. Thomas H. Brewer |
| | A Pike County, Alabama native of African-American descent, Dr. Brewer was born November 16, 1894. His office was located at 1025 1/2 First Avenue. Brewer emerged as a chief spokesman for the Civil Rights of the Negro and was described by Roy Wilkins of the NAACP as a fearless champion of the rights of his people.” His goal to guarantee the Negro the right to vote throughout the South was achieved in the Primus King case in 1945. He was a leader of the local chapter of the NAACP and worked . . . — Map (db m10975) HM |
| Georgia (Muscogee County), Columbus — 106-1 — Mildred L. Terry Branch Library |
| | The first public library for African Americans in segregated Columbus, the Colored/Fourth Avenue Library, opened on January 5, 1953. The existence of
this facility resulted from covenants and restrictions barring the use of the city’s new public library by African Americans. The project was completed with expenditures of less than one hundred thousand dollars. The library was renamed the Mildred L. Terry Branch in 1981 to honor its first librarian. — Map (db m22410) HM |
| Georgia (Richmond County), Augusta — 148-7 — Ware High School — Civil Rights Milestone |
| | Near this site stood Ware High School, which was the first public high school for African-Americans in Georgia and one of only five in the south while it was in operation. Founded in 1880, it was named for Edmund Asa Ware, Freedman`s Bureau Officer and President of Atlanta University. The school closed in 1897. African-American leaders brought federal suit in Cumming v. Board of Education of Richmond County, claiming if the black high school closed, the white high school must also close. . . . — Map (db m37094) HM |
| Georgia (Sumter County), Americus — 129-1 — Koinonia Farm |
| | With a background in theology and agriculture, Georgia native Clarence Jordan (1912-1969), along with his wife, Florence, and Martin and Mabel England, founded Koinonia Farm in 1942. During the American civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, this agriculture-based religious community gained a reputation for pacifism, equality, and interracial cooperation as Jordan traveled throughout the U.S. preaching and speaking out against racism. Repeatedly members of Koinonia Farm endured violence, . . . — Map (db m40348) HM |
| Georgia (Walton County), Monroe — 147-1 — Moore’s Ford Lynching |
| | 2.4 miles east, at Moore’s Ford Bridge on the Apalachee River, four African-Americans - George and Mae Murray Dorsey and Roger and Dorothy Dorsey Malcom (reportedly 7 months pregnant) - were brutally beaten and shot by an unmasked mob on the afternoon of July 25, 1946. The lynching followed an argument between Roger Malcom and a local white farmer. These unsolved murders played a crucial role in both President Truman’s commitment to civil rights legislation and the ensuing modern civil rights . . . — Map (db m19775) HM |
| Idaho (Jerome County), Hunt — Minidoka National Historic Site — Garden Under Guard — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior |
| | Internees created a garden behind the Honor Roll sign. The entrance garden was a cultural expression of inner strength and patriotism in contrast to the entrance gate, a symbol of confinement and injustice. The garden spoke liberty. The gate spoke captivity.
The ornamental garden, the vision of Fujitaro Kubota, was built in June 1944 after the Honor Roll sign was erected. Using traditional Japanese gardening techniques combined with Japanese and American Symbolism, Kubota’s crew built a . . . — Map (db m62957) HM WM |
| Idaho (Jerome County), Hunt — On Guard — Minidoka Interment National Monument — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior |
| | The camp’s entrance was a stark and constant reminder that the internees were prisoners in their own country. Even though most internees were U.S. born citizens loyal to the principles and values of the country, they were denied their civil, constitutional, and human rights. They were no longer free.
Today the foundations of two of the four entrance gate buildings remain, the Military Police Building and the Reception Building. The entrance gate was the most heavily guarded location in the . . . — Map (db m62961) HM WM |
| Idaho (Jerome County), Hunt — Soothing Waters — Minidoka Internment National Monument — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior |
| | The North Side Canal brought solace to internees homesick for the Pacific Northwest. Here in the dry Idaho desert, the canal reminded them of familiar scenes in Oregon, Washington, and Alaska, where flowing waters were commonplace. The canal was their home tie.
Internees spent hours sitting on the canal listening to and watching the soothing waters. Anglers in the camp demonstrated their skill catching fish from waters deemed---caught brought moments of escape----and confinement of camp . . . — Map (db m62962) HM |
| Illinois (Coles County), Charleston — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Charleston, Illinois — County-Seat Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District ···1847 - 1857 — Map (db m10938) HM |
| Illinois (Coles County), Mattoon — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Shelby / Coles Counties — County Line Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District
1847 - 1859 — Map (db m10989) HM |
| Illinois (Cook County), Chicago — Henry Gerber House — 1885 — Chicago Landmark |
| | This house is nationally significant as the earliest known site associated with the gay and lesbian civil rights movement in the United States. It was the home of pioneering activist Henry Gerber from 1924 to 1925, during which time he organized the Society for Human Rights, the nation’s first gay civil-rights organization. The house was the location of Society meetings and the place where Gerber write at least the first of the two issues published of “Friendship and Freedom,” the . . . — Map (db m47813) HM |
| Illinois (Edgar County), Kansas — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Edgar / Coles Counties — County Line Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District
1847 - 1859 — Map (db m10988) HM |
| Illinois (Edgar County), Paris — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Paris, Illinois — County-Seat Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District ···1847 - 1857 — Map (db m10937) HM |
| Illinois (La Salle County), Ottawa — First Lincoln-Douglas Debate — Looking for Lincoln |
| |
First Lincoln-Douglas Debate
Abraham Lincoln's first heated exchanged with Stephen A. Douglas on Aug 21, 1858 in Ottawa was received coolly by his advisors. They insisted Lincoln had treated Douglas entirely too "tenderly." Lincoln, however, wrote a friend: "The fire flew some and I am glad to know I am yet still alive." The population of this canal town, industrial center, and county seat more than doubled as 14,000 people poured into Washington Square to watch the . . . — Map (db m65302) HM |
| Illinois (La Salle County), Ottawa — Lincoln and Douglas Debate |
| |
This tablet marks the site
of the first
Lincoln and Douglas Debate
held August 21st, 1858.
Erected by Illini Chapter
Daughters of the American Revolution
Ottawa, Illinois,
August 21st, 1908. — Map (db m65297) HM |
| Illinois (La Salle County), Ottawa — The First Lincoln-Douglas Debate |
| | On August 21, 1858, the first of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and United States Senator Stephen A. Douglas took place in this park. Approximately 10,000 people gathered to hear the two candidates discuss the question of slavery in America. Candidate Lincoln rebuffed attempts to portray him as an abolitionist, one advocating the immediate emancipation of all slaves in the United States. Although Lincoln said he personally believed slavery was morally wrong, he maintained that the . . . — Map (db m65299) HM |
| Illinois (La Salle County), Ottawa — Washington Square — Site of First Lincoln-Douglas Debate |
| | On August 21, 1858, the first of the famous debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas was held in Washington Square. Here ten thousand heard the two candidates debate for a seat in the United States Senate.
Principally, the great debates revolved around a single sentence in the Declaration of Independence. The phrase "all men are created equal" was central to Lincoln's argument, his primary evidence for the antislavery intentions of the Founding Fathers. Lincoln eloquently . . . — Map (db m65325) HM |
| Illinois (Lake County), Great Lakes — The Golden Thirteen |
| | In March, 1944, the first African-American naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer made American military history, and went on to serve with distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405, located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history. — Map (db m38003) HM |
| Illinois (Piatt County), Monticello — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Monticello, Illinois — County-Seat Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District ···1847 - 1857 — Map (db m10962) HM |
| Illinois (Sangamon County), Springfield — Acts of Intolerance — A Commemorative Sculpture |
| | Two charred chimneys rising from the smoldering rubble of burned-out buildings---these stark images from an old photograph were the inspiration for this unique sculpture by acclaimed artist Preston Jackson. The sculpture commemorates the centennial of the brutal Springfield Race Riot of 1908. During two sweltering August days, an angry white mob attacked black residents, looting and burning many of their homes and businesses upon learning that two black men---one accused of raping a white . . . — Map (db m48871) HM |
| Illinois (Shelby County), Shelbyville — Lincoln-Thornton Debate / Lincoln Circuit |
| | Larger Marker
Here
Abraham Lincoln
and
Anthony Thornton
June 15, 1856
debated for and against
Freedom
in our territories.
It was the initial speech that made
Lincoln President
and
The Great Emancipator.
Smaller Marker
Lincoln Circuit
1847 - 1858
He practised law here
occupied a room in the hotel
then known as
Tackets Tavern. — Map (db m11294) HM |
| Indiana (Allen County), Fort Wayne — Emerine Jane Holman Hamilton — 1810 - 1889 — Pioneer in Religion, Education, Philanthropy, Reform |
| | She encouraged local efforts to form First Presbyterian Church, establish a public library, support the national Women's Suffrage Movement, and donated land for Fort Wayne's first African-American church.
The Hamilton Estate on Clinton Street abounded in flowers, shrubs, and trees and included the homes in which granddaughters Edith, Alice, and Agnes lived.
This gardenscape is a tribute to Emerine's personal elegance and achievements. As it surrounds the plaza, it symbolizes Emerine's . . . — Map (db m16967) HM |
| Indiana (Delaware County), Muncie — 18.1996.1 — Shaffer Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church |
| | Structure, circa 1893, is Muncie's oldest standing public school building. Purchased by church congregation, circa 1928. Rallying point in August 1930 when bodies of two African-American men, lynched in Marion, were brought to Muncie for embalmment by church's pastor J.E. Johnson, a mortician. — Map (db m31346) HM |
| Indiana (Fountain County), Veedersburg — Veedersburg - VanBuren Township War Memorial |
| | 1919 - 1991
American Legion
Veedersburg Post 288
In Memory of those from
Veedersburg & Vanburen Twp.
who served, and those who
gave their lives in the
service of their Country.
(Left Side):
World War I
Lozan R. Bantz • Robert Edwards • Charles Forrest • Alva Gressmire • Frank Odle • Clyde C. Rogers • Guy Smith
Korea
Ernest R. Krout • Allen M. Bowman • Robert D. Lang
(Right Side):
World War II
Arnet L. Furr • . . . — Map (db m7779) WM |
| Indiana (Hamilton County), Westfield — 29.2008.1 — Rhodes Family Incident |
| | Side A:
In 1837, an enslaved family of three escaped from Missouri; settled six miles north of here 1839 with name Rhodes. In 1844, Singleton Vaughn arrived at their home to claim them; family resisted until neighbors arrived. Vaughn agreed to take family to Noblesville for trial. In route, a crowd stopped Vaughn, demanding the family be taken to Westfield.
(Continued on other side)
Side B:
(Continued from other side)
Urged on by the crowd, driver of wagon carrying family . . . — Map (db m27812) HM |
| Indiana (Harrison County), Corydon — 31.1995.1 — Leora Brown School |
| | Facility built 1891 as elementary and secondary school for African Americans. Originally known as Corydon Colored School; first graduation was on May 14, 1897.
Renamed 1987 for Leora Brown Farrow, a teacher at the school, 1924 - 1950.
Rehabilitated as cultural and educational center, 1993. — Map (db m9627) HM |
| Indiana (Harrison County), Corydon — 31.2008.1 — Oswell Wright |
| | Front side
Born in Maryland early 1810's. Bought land in Corydon, May 1849. In November 1857, Kentuckians arrested Wright and two white men, Charles and David Bell; they were indicted and jailed in Kentucky for aiding escape of fugitive slave. Bells rescued in jailbreak 1858. Wright convicted May 1859; completed sentence in kentucky Penitentiary; released June 1864.
Back side
Wright, a free black, lost his own freedom for helping a slave escape. Died in Corydon, March . . . — Map (db m9615) HM |
| Indiana (Huntington County), Huntington — Ex Parte Milligan |
| | In a landmark decision on April 3, 186, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conspiracy against the national government conviction of Huntington attorney Lambdin P. Milligan (1812-1899). This decision rising out of the Civil War, set a precedent which protects civilians from being tried in military courts, even in time of war, if the civil courts are open and functioning.
(4 Wallace 2. 1866) — Map (db m45208) HM |
| Indiana (Knox County), Vincennes — Indiana Territory |
| | On July 4, 1800, the western part of the
Northwest Territory became the Indiana Territory.
It covered land that would eventually be included
in the present states of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,
Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
Vincennes, on the Wabash River, was established
as the seat of government.
President John Adams appointed William Henry
Harrison the first Territorial Governor. Harrison
later became the ninth President of the United States. — Map (db m23266) HM |
| Indiana (Knox County), Vincennes — Knox County (Indiana) Civil War Memorial |
| | "In Grateful remembrance of the services and sacrifices of our soldiers in the war of The Union,
we, the people of Knox County have erected this monument." — Map (db m23378) HM |
| Indiana (Knox County), Vincennes — 42.2009.1 — Mary Clark |
| | Side One:
Born circa 1801, Clark, a slave, was purchased in Kentucky in 1814 by B. J. Harrison, brought to Vincennes in 1815, and indentured as his servant. In 1816, G.W. Johnston purchased her indenture for 20 years. In 1821, Clark and attorney Amory Kinney petitioned Knox County Circuit Court to terminate her indenture because she was held illegally “as a slave.”
Side Two
Circuit Court ruled Clark “freely” entered into her indenture and had . . . — Map (db m23219) HM |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.2007.1 — 1907 Indiana Eugenics Law |
| | [Marker Front]:
By late 1800s, Indiana authorities believed criminality, mental problems, and pauperism were hereditary. Various laws were enacted based on this belief. In 1907, Governor J. Frank Hanly approved first state eugenics law making sterilization mandatory for certain individuals in state custody. Sterilizations halted 1909 by Governor Thomas R. Marshall.
[Marker Reverse]:
Indiana Supreme Court ruled 1907 law unconstitutional 1921, citing denial of due process . . . — Map (db m1829) HM |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.1992.1 — Crispus Attucks High School |
| | Built 1927 to serve as the only public high school for Indianapolis’ black population. Integrated 1970 under court-ordered desegregation. Converted to junior high, 1986. Listed in National Register of Historic Places, 1989. Named for patriot of American Revolution. — Map (db m1847) HM |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.1997.1 — Indiana Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs |
| | Organized 1904 by Lillian Thomas Fox with 14 clubs. Affiliated with National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, founded 1896. Objectives include improvement of education, health, living standards, inter-racial understanding. Clubhouse at 2034 N. Capitol since 1927. Listed in National Register of Historic Places, 1987. — Map (db m1828) HM |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.2005.1 — Robert F. Kennedy Speech on Death of Martin L. King |
| | Here on the evening of April 4, 1968, Kennedy came to address a large crowd of mostly African Americans in his bid for Democratic Party nomination for president of U.S. Instead, visibly shaken, he gave an impromptu speech about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. that day in Memphis, Tenn.
Kennedy urged the crowd to follow Rev. King’s lead and respond with understanding and prayer. Citing the need to avoid division, hatred, and violence, he called for love, wisdom, compassion, . . . — Map (db m236) HM |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.2004.4 — Zerelda G. Wallace |
| | (Front): Born August 6, 1817 in Kentucky and came to Indianapolis with her family in the early 1830s. Was a charter member of the Church of Christ (later Central Christian Church) 1833. Married David Wallace (later governor) 1836. Was first president of Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Indiana 1874 and member of the Equal Suffrage Society of Indianapolis. (Back): She spoke nationally on temperance and suffrage. On January 21, 1875, she testified before Indiana General . . . — Map (db m4629) HM |
| Indiana (Montgomery County), Crawfordsville — Elston Memorial Home — Col. Isaac C. Elston Home |
| | Small Upper Brass Plaque - by Front Door:
This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. United States Department of Interior.
Large Middle - Brass Plaque
In Memory of the Soldiers of the Revolutionary War of 1776 Buried in Montgomery County
Jacob Miller •
Alexander Foster •
Sebastion Stonebraker •
Presly Sims •
Samuel Gregory •
John Hardee •
William Mason •
John McNulty •
James McArthur •
Samuel Newell •
Robert . . . — Map (db m9396) HM |
| Indiana (Montgomery County), Crawfordsville — 54.1995.1 — Speed Cabin |
| | Site of house reputed to be a stop on the "Underground Railroad." Reconstructed cabin, which was portion of house owned by John Allen Speed, now located on grounds of lane Mansion. Speed, active in abolitionist movement, was Mayor of Crawfordsville, 1868 - 1869. — Map (db m3870) HM |
| Indiana (Noble County), Indian Village — 57.1967.1 — Chief Papakeecha’s House — ← one quarter mile south |
| | Built in 1827 by Federal Government on 36-section reservation for $562; later destroyed by “great wind.” Papakeecha (Flat Belly) was a Miami leader, 1820 to his death in 1837, shortly before the Miami removal. — Map (db m3385) HM |
| Indiana (Parke County), Rockville — 61.1975.1 — Parke County Museum |
| | This Museum Building built in 1839 first used as a seminary; an armory during the Civil War, a school for negro children from 1873-1924, later a gas station, a restaurant, and gift shop.
Purchased in 1975 by Parke Co. Historical Society. — Map (db m3677) HM |
| Indiana (Vigo County), Terre Haute — 84.1992.1 — Home of Eugene V. Debs |
| | Debs (1855-1926) was leading pioneer in industrial unionism, social reformer, and peace advocate.
Founded American Railway Union, 1893; cofounded American Socialist Part, 1900; and ran five times for United States Presidency.
Home built in 1890; declared National Historic Landmark, 1966. — Map (db m8928) HM |
| Indiana (Warren County), State Line City — Abraham Lincoln |
| | Abraham Lincoln made his only speech in Warren
County, Indiana near this
spot Feb. 11, 1861.“Gentlemen of Indiana: I am happy to meet you on this occasion, and enter again the state of my early life, and almost of maturity. I am under many obligations to you for your kind reception, and to Indiana for the aid she rendered our cause which, I think, a just one. Gentlemen, I shall address you at greater length at Indianapolis, but not much greater. Again gentlemen, I thank you for . . . — Map (db m5490) HM |
| Indiana (Wayne County), Dublin — 89.2003.1 — Indiana’s First Woman’s Rights Convention |
| | A convention was called for by reform-minded Congregational Friends meeting at Greensboro, Henry County, January 1851. Convention held October 14-15, 1851 at Dublin adopted resolutions for political, social, and financial rights for women. Women and men who favored abolition, temperance and suffrage attended. The 1852 convention formed Indiana Woman's Rights Association to promote united action for woman's rights. Association's 1853 convention demanded equality in all political rights and . . . — Map (db m270) HM |
| Iowa (Worth County), Northwood — Historic Northern Iowa / Carrie Lane Chapman Catt - (1859 - 1947) |
| | Side A Northern Iowa landforms result from the action of 3 separate glacial ice sheets. Clear Lake, south of here, is one of the many Iowa lakes formed by glacial action. Pilot Knob, a glacially formed hill west of here, is one of highest points in northern Iowa and was used as a landmark by early travellers.
Much of the Western two-thirds of Iowa was prairie when the first settlers arrived. Pioneers in this area travelled through grasses 5 to 7 feet tall. Many of them referred . . . — Map (db m23264) HM |
| Kansas (Atchison County), Atchison — Lincoln School — Atchison County Historic Site |
| | "Put the children together, leave them alone, and they will work it out."
Dave Carey, Sr. 1955, on integrating Atchison Public Schools
The Lincoln School in Atchison, Kansas began in 1921 as the school for all African-American students through 8th grade, but it became much more than that. It became the hub of the community and then the focal point for the drive to integrate the school system in Atchison.
With the start of classes in September, 1955, Atchison and the Lincoln School . . . — Map (db m44691) HM |
| Kansas (Bourbon County), Fort Scott — Free to Learn |
| |
If you had been an African-American student standing here around 1950, you would have been facing your school, the Hawkins School (above). This school was part of a continuum of African-American education that began with the Civil War and ended with school integration in 1955.
Along with freedom the Civil War brought the need – and the previously denied opportunity – for education. Schools like the Hawkins School met that need and provided that opportunity.
Prominent . . . — Map (db m36269) HM |
| Kansas (Bourbon County), Fort Scott — Western Hotel: Symbol of Strife |
| |
After the army sold Fort Scott in 1855, the infantry barracks located here (reconstructed in front of you) became the pro-slavery Western Hotel. The building across the parade ground directly behind you became the anti-slavery Free State Hotel. The two hotels symbolized the strife over slavery that divided Kansas in the late 1850s, an era known as “Bleeding Kansas.”
Violence visited Fort Scott often during Bleeding Kansas, and the Western Hotel played a role in several . . . — Map (db m36272) HM |
| Kansas (Cherokee County), West Mineral — Miner's Memorial — Pittsburg, Kansas |
| | With the discovery of coal in Cherokee and Crawford Counties in the late 1860's, thousands came to work the mines. Some came from American towns and cities but most were immigrants from Europe. Over fifty nationalities settled in this area. Many landed at Ellis Island and continued here by railroad before heading out to the coal camps. Some came to find work. Some to escape repression. Some to find a new life in America. All were seekers.
What they found was not the "Paradise on Earth" . . . — Map (db m39738) HM |
| Kansas (Crawford County), Girard — Appeal to Reason |
| |
First Girard home
of J. A. Wayland's
Socialist newspaper
the
Appeal to Reason
1897 — Map (db m36931) HM |
| Kansas (Crawford County), Pittsburg — Alexander Howat — Miners’ Memorial at Immigrant Park |
| | Among the many significant European immigrants in Kansas history is Alexander Howat, President of District 14 of the United Mine Workers of America. He was chiefly responsible for the organization of a powerful and militant union membership in the territory of the Cherokee-Crawford coal fields.
Alexander McWhirter Howat was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on September 10, 1876. At the age of three he emigrated with his parents to Troy, New York, moving from there to Braidwood, Illinois. Howat . . . — Map (db m35668) HM |
| Kansas (Crawford County), Pittsburg — Southeast Kansas Coal Mining — The Three Phases of Coal Mining in the Weir-Pittsburg Coal Field — Miners' Memorial at Immigrant Park |
| | Phase One: Pioneer Mining
The coal fields of Cherokee and Crawford Counties covered over 300 square miles of land, making it a prime area for coal mining. When early settlers first moved into the area in the 1800's, they were amazed to see the coal seams outcropping at the surface of the land. They could easily pick up the coal by hand to bring back to their homes as a source of energy.
Because of its shallowness, the coal was easy to remove. Pioneer mining was done on the surface . . . — Map (db m35571) HM |
| Kansas (Crawford County), Pittsburg — The Amazon Army — Miners’ Memorial at Immigrant Park |
| | The women’s march of 1921 epitomizes the spirit of the Kansas Balkans, an area known for its rich cultural heritage and turbulent strike-ridden history. On December 12 of that year, 3,000 (by some reports up to 6,000) women—wives and other female relatives of striking miners—marched from the Miner’s Hall in Franklin, Kansas, to the coal fields of Crawford County in an attempt to stop scab miners (replacement workers) from reporting to work. The protest caused the governor to send a . . . — Map (db m35692) HM |
| Kansas (Crawford County), Pittsburg — The Weir - Pittsburg Coalfield — Miners’ Memorial at Immigrant Park |
| | With the discovery of coal in Cherokee and Crawford Counties in the late 1860's, thousands came to work the mines. Some came from American towns and cities but most were immigrants from Europe. Over fifty nationalities settled in this area. Many landed at Ellis Island and continued here by railroad before heading out to the coal camps. Some came to find work. Some to escape repression. Some to find a new life in America. All were seekers.
What they found was not the "paradise on Earth" . . . — Map (db m35522) HM |
| Kansas (Elk County), Elk Falls — 112 — Prudence Crandall |
| | In 1831, Prudence Crandall, educator, emancipator, and human rights advocate, established a school which in 1833, became the first Black female academy in New England at Canterbury, Connecticut. This later action resulted in her arrest and imprisonment for violating the "Black Law."
Although she was later released on a technicality, the school was forced to close after being harassed and attacked by a mob. She moved with her husband Reverend Calvin Philleo to Illinois.
After her husband . . . — Map (db m57960) HM |
| Kansas (Elk County), Elk Falls — Prudence Crandall |
| | The State of Connecticut proudly joins the State of Kansas in honoring the lifetime achievements of Prudence Crandall, educator and champion of human rights. Crandall’s courage and determination serve as examples of all who face seemingly insurmountable odds and to those who refuse to be limited by social conventions. To this day, her efforts to promoted equality in education remain unequaled.
The building which housed Crandall’s academy in Canterbury, Connecticut, opened as a museum in . . . — Map (db m57961) HM |
| Kansas (Johnson County), Merriam — Esther E. Brown — 1917 - 1970 |
| | Esther E. Brown organized citizen support in South Park for litigation leading to the 1949 Kansas Supreme Court order admitting black children to the South Park School and to nearby high schools. Her actions encouraged similar litigation resulting in the U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision declaring school segregation unconstitutional.
With active support from many South Park residents, she overcame resistance to her civil rights advocacy in 1948-51, at great personal sacrifice. Esther E. . . . — Map (db m20606) HM |
| Kansas (Johnson County), Merriam — 08 — The South Park Community — Merriam Historic Plaza Walking Path |
| | The community of South Park, Kansas was founded in 1887 as an integrated community. By 1900, four black families had settled in the town of 250 residents. South Park continued to grow and became a part of Merriam when it incorporated in 1950.
In 1888, Johnson County School District No. 90 was organized to served the educational needs of the children of South Park. A one-room schoolhouse, known as Madam C.J. Walker School, was built to educate both black and white students, but by 1900, the . . . — Map (db m50583) HM |
| Kansas (Johnson County), Merriam — Walker School |
| | Site of Former Madam C. J. Walker School. Built about 1860 to House the Black Students of the South Park Area Until 1949. — Map (db m30545) HM |
| Kansas (Leavenworth County), Fort Leavenworth — 2nd Lt. Henry Ossian Flipper |
| |
Born - 21 March 1856
Thomasville, Georgia
- Early Schooling -
Private Tutors
American Missionary Association
Atlanta University
—————
U.S. Military Academy
01 July 1873 - 14 June 1877
4th Black to Attend
1st Black to Graduate
—————
Died - 26 April 1940
Gravesite - Thomasville, Georgia
—————
"Henry O. Flipper's legacy echoes through the actions of all African-American men . . . — Map (db m52970) HM |
| Kansas (Leavenworth County), Fort Leavenworth — 555th Parachute Infantry Company — Triple Nickel Smoke Jumpers |
| |
Dedicated to the first black
parachute infantry
—————
The Original Seventeen*
—————
1st Assigned and Selected
1ST SGT. Walter Morris
1st to Take Qualification Jump
SSGT Calvin R. Beal
—————
SSGT. Hubert Bridges • SSGT. Lonnie M. Duke
SSGT. Robert F. Greene • SGT. Clarence H. Beavers
SGT. Ned D. Bess • SGT. James E. Kornegay
SGT. Leo D. Reed • SGT. Samuel W. Robinson
SGT. Jack . . . — Map (db m52963) HM |
| Kansas (Leavenworth County), Fort Leavenworth — BG Benjamin H. Grierson — 08 Jul 1826 - 31 Aug 1911 |
| |
Pittsburgh, PA
Buried - Jacksonville, IL
Married Alice Kirk - 24 Sep 1854
Married Lillian King - 28 Jul 1897
Fathered seven children
29 years of military service
1861 - 1890
Advocated equal treatment for Blacks and Native Americans
"As a commander, Grierson gave the Army a vision for what it could be -- an organization where all who sacrifice for this country are treated fairly and where their service is honored equally."
LTG David G. Perkins, 08 Aug 2012 . . . — Map (db m65043) HM |
| Kansas (Leavenworth County), Leavenworth — Bleeding Kansas — Historic Wayside Tour #12 |
| | "Each man carried a bowie-knife, a revolver, a pair of breeches, a shirt and a very don't-care a damn expression...The stews and brothels, the hospitals and poorhouses of the East can furnish thousands more of just such scabby, scurvy, scapegoats, who will rejoice in a fancy jaunt to Kansas. We are in favor of Kansas becoming a Free State, we hope it will. But if freedom has so far fallen from her high estate that she has to use such men, such means, and such measures as are now being . . . — Map (db m46709) HM |
| Kansas (Leavenworth County), Leavenworth — 13 — The Anthonys — Historic Wayside Tour #13 |
| | Daniel Read Anthony, born on February 15, 1820 and his sister, Susan Brownell Anthony, born on August 22, 1824, had tremendous influence over the course of events in Kansas and the nation. Daniel's influence was felt through his newspaper and Susan was internationally known as an advocate of the early campaign for woman suffrage.
Daniel Anthony settled in Leavenworth in 1857 and founded the Leavenworth Conservative Newspaper in 1861. In January 1861, Colonel Anthony printed a special report . . . — Map (db m42150) HM |
| Kansas (Linn County), Trading Post — Marais des Cygnes Massacre State Historic Site Trail |
| | A Nation at Odds
The mid 1800s were a time of turmoil and tragedy in the U.S. The issue of slavery polarized the nation. It created a moral, political, and economic dilemma. The struggle over slavery ultimately led to the Civil War, splitting the Northern and the Southern states.
Tension in Kansas Territory
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created Kansas Territory. The voters of the territory would decide if it was to be a free or slave state. (The state of Missouri lies 1,200 . . . — Map (db m39862) HM |
| Kansas (Linn County), Trading Post — Murder on the Marais des Cygnes |
| | The bloodiest single incident in the Kansas-Missouri border struggles, 1854-1861, occurred May 19, 1858, when about 30 Proslavery Missourians seized 11 Kansas Free-State men near Trading Post and marched them to a ravine 225 yards northwest of this marker. Lining up their prisoners, they callously shot them down, killing five and wounding five others. One escaped injury by feigning death. Northerners were horrified, and John Greenleaf Whittier immortalized the fallen in a poem, "Le Marais du . . . — Map (db m39861) HM |
| Kansas (Marion County), Goessel — The Mennonites in Kansas |
| |
Beginning in 1874, hundreds of peace-loving Mennonite immigrants settled in central Kansas. They had left their former homes in Russia because a hundred-year-old immunity from established religious orthodoxy and military service was being threatened.
The Alexanderwohl community, so named because of a solicitous visit by Czar Alexander I with Prussian Mennonites in 1821, had lived happily in southern Russia for more than 50 years before coming to America. Originating in the Netherlands in . . . — Map (db m61058) HM |
| Kansas (McPherson County), Lindsborg — Dag Hammarskjöld — 1905 - 1961 — Swedish Diplomat, Peacemaker, UN Secretary General |
| |
For all that has been, thanks.
For all that will be, yes! — Map (db m57004) HM |
| Kansas (Shawnee County), Topeka — Constitution Hall -Topeka — 1855 - |
| |
Free State Capitol of Kansas Territory, 1855-1861
Used as the Kansas Capitol, 1864-1869
Constitution Hall is Topeka's oldest building. In October 1855, Free Staters held Topeka's first convention here, to organize a free state government and ratify the Topeka Constitution. This was the first of the four constitutions leading to Kansas statehood.
The Topeka Constitution was far reaching for its time, proclaiming There shall be no slavery in this state. The Topeka . . . — Map (db m47297) HM |
| Kansas (Shawnee County), Topeka — Monroe School |
| |
has been designated a
National
Historic Landmark
This site possesses
national significance
in commemorating the
history of the
United States of America — Map (db m47007) HM |
| Kentucky (Fayette County), Lexington — 1876 — Madeline M. Breckinridge / Kentucky Suffrage Leader |
| | Madeline M. Breckinridge This descendant of Henry Clay and Ephraim McDowell was born 1872 in Franklin Co.; grew up at "Ashland," Clay's home; and married Desha Breckinridge, editor of Lexington Herald. Ill with tuberculosis, she promoted its treatment and cure; advanced educational opportunities for poor children in Lexington and entire state; and helped gain voting rights for women. Over.
Kentucky Suffrage Leader Madeline McDowell Breckinridge saw woman suffrage as a way to . . . — Map (db m35846) HM |
| Kentucky (Fayette County), Lexington — 2122 — Slavery in Fayette Co. / Cheapside Slave Auction Block |
| | Slavery in Fayette Co.
On the N.E. corner of the Fayette County Courthouse lawn stood the whipping post established in 1847 to punish slaves for such offenses as being on the streets after 7 p.m. Fayette Co. was one of the largest slave-holding counties in Kentucky. By 1860, one in four residents of the city of Lexington were slaves.
Cheapside Slave Auction Block
African Americans were sold as slaves at Cheapside Auction Block on the public square in the 19th century. Lexington . . . — Map (db m16411) HM |
| Kentucky (Fulton County), Hickman — Rufus B. Atwood — March 15, 1897 - March 18, 1983 |
| | Noted as one of Kentucky's most famous African American citizens, Hickman's Atwood served as the president of Kentucky State College from 1929 to 1962. During his tenure at the school, Atwood led the battle for desegregated education and improved educational opportunities for black students across the state. In 1962 he became the first African American to receive the University of Kentucky's highest honor, the Sullivan Medallion. He was also awarded the Bronze Star for bravery in 1918 for service during W.W. I. — Map (db m18442) HM |
| Kentucky (Hart County), Munfordville — 2171 — Thelma Hawkins Stovall — 1919-1994 |
| | Front Born in Munfordville, Ky., Thelma began working at Brown and Williamson Tobacco Co. at 15 to help her family during the Depression. There she met L.R. Stovall; they married in 1936. Thelma studied at UK, EKU and LaSalle Extension University. Her first elected position was as recording secretary for a union. Back A dedicated public servant, she held various appointed and elected positions, including sec. of state and state treasurer for over 30 years. In 1975, Thelma was . . . — Map (db m40016) HM |
| Kentucky (Madison County), Berea — 1787 — Church of Christ, Union |
| | Founded 1853 by the Rev. John G. Fee of Bracken County on the invitation of local citizens and Cassius M. Clay, who projected an antislavery community here. Open in full equality to all races and nonsectarian, the church had a leading part in establishment of Berea College 1855 and in cause of racial equality in this area. — Map (db m9726) HM |
| Kentucky (McCracken County), Paducah — 1698 — Grave of John T. Scopes / Scopes "Monkey Trial" |
| |
(side 1)
Grave of John T. Scopes
Here is buried the man who, at age 24, taught Darwin's theory of evolution to a Dayton, Tennessee, biology class. The Paducah native and University of Kentucky graduated violated a Tennessee law forbidding the teaching of evolution. This test case, tried in Dayton, gained international attention. Popular play, "Inherit the Wind," is based on the famous Scope trial. Over.
(side 2)
Scopes "Monkey Trial"
The July 1925 . . . — Map (db m47216) HM |
| Louisiana (Grant Parish), Colfax — Colfax Riot |
| | On this site occurred the Colfax Riot in which three white men and 150 negroes were slain. This event on April 13, 1873, marked the end of carpetbag misrule in the South. — Map (db m34602) HM |
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