| Ontario (Middlesex County), London — London Women's Monument |
| | The London Women's Monument was dedicated on December 6, 1994. The 5th anniversary of the Montreal Massacre. It is a place to remember and reflect on violence, particularly violence against women, and all women and men who work to end it. — Map (db m18932) |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Haslam Memorial Seat |
| | In 1925 a finely sculptured garden seat of Kilkenny limestone was placed in the park and inscribed on the back - “Anna Marie, 1829 - 1922 and Thomas Haslam, 1825 - 1917. This seat is erected in commemoration [sic - ‘honour’] of their long years of public service, chiefly devoted to the enfranchisement of women." [From Monuments of St. Stephen's Green marker found in the park] — Map (db m22485) |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Margaret Anna Cusack — 1829 - 1899 |
| | Margaret Anna Cusack was born on this site on May 6th 1829. At the time York Street was a centre of medicine. She was the daughter of Sara and Dr. Samuel Cusack. Her uncle was the interationally renowned surgeon James William Cusack, 3-times President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.
She became an Anglican Sister but in 1861 converted to Catholicism and moved to Kenmare in County Kerry. Here, under the pseudonym of the “Nun of Kenmare”, she wrote on all aspects of . . . — Map (db m22454) |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Veronica Guerin — 1959 - 1996 |
| | Sunday Independent journalist,
was murdered on 26th June 1996.
Be Not Afraid
Greater justice was her ideal and it was her ultimate achievement
Her courage and sacrifice saved many from the scourge of drugs and other crime.
Her death has not been in vain.
Unveiled by the Taoiseach,
Mr. Bertie Ahern T.D.
27th June 2001 — Map (db m24078) |
| Alabama (Jackson County), Scottsboro — Jackson County Courthouse And The Scottsboro Boys |
| | Marker front:
Constructed in 1911-1912 and designed by architect Richard H. Hunt, the Jackson County Courthouse is a Neo-Classical, brick building situated on a town square in Scottsboro, the county seat of Jackson County. The front, two-story portico is supported by four stone columns of the Doric order. A cupola on the top contains a Seth Thomas clock.
This courthouse was the site of the first of the Scottsboro Boys trials. Two white women accused nine black teenagers of rape on . . . — Map (db m22264) |
| California (San Diego County), San Diego — Father Antonio Ubach — Last of the Padres — 1835 – 1907 |
| | Antonio Dominic Ubach, passionate advocate for California Native Americans, and defender of Indian rights, ran St. Anthony’s Indian School on this site from 1856 to 1891. Father Ubach, created programs to help hundreds of Indian children adapt to an American society. He lobbied government to protect the Indians and their lands and was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to lead official missions of State. Father Ubach was immortalized in Helen Hunt Jackson’s 1884 novel Ramona as the . . . — Map (db m11647) |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Frances E. Willard |
| | Inspired by San Francisco in 1883
Became the first world organizer of women.
Standing here in 1883 she said "We are one world of tempted humanity" — Map (db m18462) |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Harvey Milk — May 22, 1930 - November 27, 1978 |
| | Harvey Milk Plaza is named in honor of San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk, California’s first elected official to be openly gay.
In 1975, Harvey Milk opened Castro Camera at 575 Castro Street and moved into the apartment upstairs. Harvey’s store soon became a center for politcal meetings and voter registration drives. Through his involvement in neighborhood issues, he soon became known as “The Mayor of Castro Street”.
As the influx of gay men and lesbians revitalized the . . . — Map (db m21067) |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — The Rainbow Flag |
| | On November 8, 1997, this Rainbow Flag was installed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the election of Harvey Milk to the Board of Supervisors of voters of District 5. This victory by an openly gay man was a watershed for the Queer rights movement. Since then, open lesbians and gay men have been elected to many levels of government in the United States. After Milk's election on November 8, 1977, the following members of San Francisco's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Community have . . . — Map (db m21083) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Claymont — NC-99 — Old Claymont High School |
| | Constructed 1924-25. Also known as the Green Street School. Prominent in United States history as the first public high school in the 17 segregated states to be legally integrated.
In January 1951, eight black students applied for admission. Due to the “separate but equal” education system in place at that time, the Claymont Board of Education was unable to permit their entry. In July 1951, noted civil rights attorney Louis L. Redding of Wilmington filed a civil action suit . . . — Map (db m14705) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Newark — Iron Hill School #112C — Preserving History: The African-American Community of Iron Hill |
| | The Iron Hill Museum is dedicated to the study of human and natural history of the Iron Hill Area. The Museum is currently engaged in a project to restore the Iron Hill School #112C and document the experiences of African-American students who attended the school between 1923 and 1965.
In order to achieve this, the Museum has embarked on an oral history project to formally interview and record the memories of former students who are now between the ages of 40 and 80. Oral historian Roberta . . . — Map (db m10053) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Wilmington — NC-138 — Brown v. Board of Education |
| | Delaware remained a racially segregated society until the mid-twentieth century. Though the segregation of public schools was supported by the “separate but equal” doctrine that had been upheld by the nation’s highest court, the facilities and services provided students were hardly equal. Seeking to address this situation, citizens in the communities of Claymont and Hockessin solicited the counsel of Louis L. Redding, the state’s first African-American attorney. In 1951, with the . . . — Map (db m3124) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Wilmington — NC-149 — Knotty Pine Restaurant |
| | In 1875 the Delaware General Assembly enacted legislation requiring the racial segregation of public places such as train stations, hotels, and restaurants. For most of the next century this practice was strictly enforced. Established at this location in 1959, the Knotty Pine Restaurant was a refuge for African Americans in a city where access to public facilities was still limited. Noted for its “down home cooking” and friendly atmosphere, the Knotty Pine was popular with residents . . . — Map (db m10920) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Adams-Morgan — 5 of 18 — Ambassadors of Faith — Roads to Diversity — Adams Morgan Heritage Trail |
| |
Three dramatic religious structures dominate this corner. They are among some 40 religious institutions lining 16th Street between the White House and the Maryland state line.
Many serve as unofficial “embassies” representing the interests of their faiths before the U.S. Government. The neo-Baroque National Baptist Church, to your right, is a memorial to Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island and champion of religious liberty. Its congregation has long worked for social . . . — Map (db m17076) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Anacostia — The Growlery |
| | Here stood Frederick Douglass’ rustic retreat from domestic society, where he could think, read and write undisturbed. Evoking the image of a lion’s lair, he called his hideaway the Growlery. It was simply furnished with a lounge, a high desk and a stool. The present building is a reconstruction. — Map (db m5362) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Capitol Hill — Freedmen’s Memorial Monument to Abraham Lincoln — or Freedom’s Memorial |
| | In grateful memory of Abraham Lincoln. This monument was erected by the Western Sanitary Commission of Saint Louis, Mo., with funds contributed solely by emancipated Citizens of the United States declared free by his Proclamation, January 1st A.D. 1863. The first contribution of five dollars was made by Charlotte Scott, a freed woman of Virginia, being her first earnings in freedom and consecrated by her suggestion and request, on the day she heard of President Lincoln’s death, to build a . . . — Map (db m2097) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Capitol Hill — Mary McLeod Bethune |
| | 1875–1955 Let her works praise her. I leave you love. • I leave you hope. • I leave you the challenge of developing confidence in one another. • I leave you a thirst for education. • I leave you a respect for the use of power. • I leave you faith. • I leave you racial dignity. • I leave you also a desire to live harmoniously with your fellow man. • I leave you finally a responsibility to our young people. —Mary McLeod Bethune. — Map (db m5505) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Colonial Village — Frank D. Reeves — 7760 16th Street, NW — African American Heritage Trail, Washington, DC |
| | Frank D. Reeves (1916–1973), a lawyer and civil
rights activist, was part of the team that shaped the
1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court
case outlawing school segregation. He advised
Senator John E Kennedy on minority affairs during
the 1960 presidential campaign, then joined the
Howard University School of Law faculty. At the same time Reeves served as legal counsel to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and helped negotiate the 1963 March on Washington . . . — Map (db m20194) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Columbia Heights — 9 of 19 — Justice vs. Injustice — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail |
| |
These elegant 13th Street Houses were constructed when racial separation was legal and widely accepted. In 1910 the deeds for many houses across 13th Street had covenants banning “any negro or colored persons.” Those on this side generally did not have the covenants.
By the 1930s, 13th Street divided black from white. Then, in 1941, African American educator Mary Hundley and her husband Frederick bought 2530 13th Street, on the white side, despite its restrictive covenant. . . . — Map (db m23603) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Columbia Heights — 10 of 19 — On the Heights — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail |
| |
In the days of legally segregated public education (1862-1954), this school building was Central High, the gem of the School Board’s white division. But by 1949, it had few students, as the post-World War II suburban housing boom had drawn whites away. Consequently, African American families outnumbered whites around Central.
Nearby “Colored” high schools - especially Cardozo at Ninth Street and Rhode Island Avenue - struggled with overcrowded, outdated facilities. When . . . — Map (db m23608) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Columbia Heights — 17 of 19 — Social Justice — Cultural Convergence — Columbia Heights Heritage Trail |
| | Straight ahead is All Souls Church, Unitarian, long known for its social activism, starting with abolitionism in the 1820s and ranging through nuclear disarmament and interracial cooperation. During the segregation era, All Souls was one of the few places in DC open to integrated meetings. During the 1980s and '90s it (and other neighborhood churches) even hosted concerts by DC's influential punk bands Bad Brains, Fugazi, Minor Threat, and others.
In the 1960s, the church launched the . . . — Map (db m24152) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — W.3 — Asbury United Methodist Church — Civil War to Civil Rights — Downtown Heritage Trail |
| | Stories of slavery and freedom, of struggle and achievement are woven through the history of this African American congregation. Founded in 1836, by the time of the Civil War Asbury United Methodist Church was the preeminent Black church in the city, its membership of 600 making it the largest of 11 African American congregations in Washington. Today, Asbury counts among its members descendants of District slaves who tried a dramatic escape to freedom in 1848 aboard the ship Pearl. . . . — Map (db m10904) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — 16 — Cesar Chavez — 1927 - 1993 |
| | Led by his desire to secure a better quality of life for migrant farm workers, Cesar Chavez helped found the United Farm Workers of America, the first effective farm workers' union in the United States. Under his leadership of nonviolent protest, the UFW was able to secure improved wages and benefits, more humane living and working conditions, and better job security for some of the poorest workers in America. Through his life of service, Chavez provided inspiration to countless others. . . . — Map (db m15471) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — W.7 — Freedom Plaza — Civil War to Civil Rights — Downtown Heritage Trail |
| | “I have a dream.” Martin Luther King, Jr. August 1963
The block-long plaza at 13th and Pennsylvania Avenue just ahead to your left honors civil rights leader Martin Luther King with the name Freedom Plaza. King completed his historic “I Have a Dream” speech in the Willard Hotel adjacent to the plaza, before delivering it to a crowd of 200,000 at the Lincoln Memorial.
Freedom Plaza also recalls Washington’s first city planner, Major Pierre L’Enfant, with . . . — Map (db m17943) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — The United States Court of Claims |
| | The United States Court of Claims held its first meeting in "Willard's Hotel" on this site on May 11, 1855. The court was established to allow citizens to sue the U.S. Government. In 1861, President Lincoln wrote of the court:
"It is as much the duty of the government to render prompt justice against itself, in favor of citizens, as it is to administer the same between private individuals."
This memorial is placed here on behalf of the United
States Court of Federal Claims . . . — Map (db m6587) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Downtown — W.6 — Willard Inter-Continental Hotel — Civil War to Civil Rights — Downtown Heritage Trail |
| | "This hotel, in fact, may be much more justly called the center of Washington and the Union than either the Capitol, the White House or the State Department. . ." Nathaniel Hawthorne, Civil War reporter for the Atlantic Monthly At 6:30 a.m. in late February 1861, President-elect Abraham Lincoln and his security team headed by Alan Pinkerton slipped into what was then called Willard's Hotel, an earlier version of the hotel now at this site. Assassination threats dictated this quiet . . . — Map (db m10905) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Mount Vernon Square/Shaw — 1 of 17 — Words and Deeds — Midcity at the Crossroads — Shaw Heritage Trail |
| | Wealthy industrialist Andrew Carnegie donated funds to build the Beaux Arts-style building you see across the street to your left, the city’s first public library. The Central Library opened in 1903 with 12,412 books by its predecessor, the private Washington City Free Library.
The public library welcomed all races at a time when the city was generally segregated. It occupied an unofficial border between businesses that primarily served Whites to the south, and those that largely catered . . . — Map (db m21801) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northeast — Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II |
| | [Panel 1 of the historical narrative at memorial entrance]:
On February 19, 1942, 73 days after the United States entered World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which resulted in the removal of 120,000 Japanese American men, women, and children from their homes in the western states and Hawaii.
Allowed only what they could carry, families were forced to abandon homes, friends, farms and businesses to live in ten remote relocation centers guarded by . . . — Map (db m8200) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Bethune Museum-Archives |
| | Mary McLeod Bethume "Council House" National Historic Site Designated October 15, 1982 by Act of Congress Born on July 10, 1875, in Mayesville, South Carolina, Mary McLeod Bethune was the daughter of sharecroppers. After attending Scotia Seminary in North Carolina she founded Daytona School for Negro Girls which became Bethune-Cookman College. A leader in the black women's club movement, Mrs. Bethune became advisor to Presidents Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin Roosevelt. During . . . — Map (db m17502) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Freedman’s Savings And Trust |
| | On this site stood the principal office of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company founded on March 3, 1865 to receive deposits from former slaves. Frederick Douglass served as its last president. The bank was closed on June 29, 1874. The building was sold in 1882, and razed a few years later. — Map (db m2133) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Howard University — Sixth Street and Howard Place, NW |
| | Howard University, one of the oldest Black colleges in the United States, was established by Congress in 1866 to educate formerly enslaved individuals. Its name honors Freedman's Bureau Commissioner General Oliver Otis Howard, a member of the white First Congregational Society of Washington, D.C., which originally conceived of the school as a theological seminary to train black ministers. Mordecai Wyatt Johnson, who became president in 1926, shaped Howard into a modern institution. The . . . — Map (db m9549) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Mahatma Gandhi Memorial |
| | [Inscription on base of statue - West Side:]
Mahatma Gandhi
1869-1948
“My Life Is My Message”
[North Side:]
Gandhi led India to freedom from British rule in 1947. He is hailed as the father of the nation. Crusader for human rights and liberty, thinker, writer, reformer, apostle of truth and non-violence (ahimsa), Gandhi succeeded in uniting millions of people of all faiths across India in a mass movement of civil disobedience. On . . . — Map (db m22210) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Metropolitan AME Church — 1518 M Street, NW |
| | This church started on Capitol Hill in 1821 as Israel Bethel, was founded by African Americans denouncing White racism at Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal Church. Later, Pastor Henry McNeal Turner helped persuade President Lincoln to accept Black soldiers into the Union Army during the Civil War. In 1870 Israel Bethel merged with Union Bethel to become Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church, the “National Cathedral of African Methodism.” This building, designed by architect . . . — Map (db m9729) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Penn Quarter — National Council of Negro Women — 633 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW. |
| | The National Council of Negro Women was founded in 1935 by Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) to "harness the power and extend the leadership of African American women." Early on, the Council campaigned to outlaw the discriminatory poll tax, develop a public health progra, adopt anti-lynching legislation, and end discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces, defense industries and government housing. The Council's 1995 move to this grand, former hotel building made it the only African American . . . — Map (db m9376) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Shaw — 12 of 17 — Reaching for Equality — Midcity at the Crossroads — Shaw Heritage Trail |
| | For much of the 1900s, inexpensive entertainments lined much of Seventh and Ninth Streets, from D to U Streets. Vaudeville houses, pool halls, record shops and taverns made for a busy night life. And everyone went to the movies. Two small theaters once operated on this block, the Alamo at 1203 and the Mid City (1223). Seventh Street also boasted the Happyland (1220), Gem (1131), and Broadway (1515), with the Raphael nearby at 1401 Ninth.
Until 1953, Washington’s movie houses were . . . — Map (db m22288) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Southeast — Whitney M. Young, Jr. Memorial Bridge |
| | Named in honor of
Whitney Moore Young, Jr.
1921-1971
Humanitarian-scholar and venerable leader of the National Urban League whose work produced landmark changes in civil rights laws and notable progress towards social and economic justice in America. — Map (db m15606) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Southwest — Defender of Liberty — George Mason Memorial — George Mason, 1726-1792 |
| | “I ... looked forward to ... Independence, ... and will risque the last Penny of my Fortune and the last Drop of my Blood upon the Issue.”
George Mason, 1778.
George Mason belonged to the genteel Virginia plantation society that cultivated some truly extraordinary leaders. George Washington regarded Mason as his mentor and Thomas Jefferson described him as “the wisest man of his generation.” He devoted himself to achieving American . . . — Map (db m18046) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), The Tidal Basin — The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial |
| | At this site will be erected the Martin Luther King, Jr .Memorial. The memorial will embody the man, the movement and the message. It will honor this 20th century visionary who brought about change through the principles of nonviolence and equally for all. It will be a memorial symbolizing promise and hope for a brighter future for humanity.
Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc is the sponsor of this memorial. Dedicated by Adrian L. Wallace, President, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc.; John H. . . . — Map (db m208) |
| Florida (Hillsborough County), Ybor City — José Martí |
| |
( Spanish )
Desde esta escalinata
En el Año 1893
José Martí
Apóstol de la Libertad
de Cuba
Con elocuentes palabras
pidió a los tabaqueros
Cubanos emigrados que le
ayudasen a conquistar la
independencia de su país,
aportando hombres, armas
y dinero.
Muchos obreros cambiaron
la chaveta por el machete
y otros donaron centenares
de miles de pesos para
salvar de la opresión
a un pueblo y crear
la República de Cuba
[English Translation) . . . — Map (db m14431) |
| Florida (Indian River County), Fellsmere — F-519 — Birthplace for Equal Suffrage for Women in Florida |
| | “ The population of Fellsmere is of a high type of intelligence, with lofty ideals and wise execution. Progressive in all things, perhaps no better indication of the fact may be given than the unanimous vote of the town granting unrestricted suffrage to women.” Fellsmere Tribune, March 8, 1916.
At a February 1915 meeting at the Dixie Theater, Fellsmere citizens accepted the articles of incorporation unanimously. The charter included a unique proposal that women be . . . — Map (db m14303) |
| Florida (Indian River County), Fellsmere — Fellsmere |
| | Fellsmere is a dramatic account of floods, land "booms" and land "busts". Named for E. Nelson Fell, Fellsmere was first incorporated in 1911, as part of St. Lucie County. The Fellsmere Farms Land Development Company promoted the area's rich soils and natural resources. By 1915, Fellsmere had a railroad, an electric company, two hotels and women could vote...a first in Florida. Overwhelmed by torrential rains and the Great Depression, Fellsmere struggled until the sugar cane fields brought . . . — Map (db m14304) |
| Florida (Levy County), Rosewood — F-497 — Rosewood, Florida |
| | Racial violence erupted in the small and quiet Rosewood community January 1-7, 1923. Rosewood, a predominantly colored community, was home to the Bradley, Carrier, Carter, Goins, and Hall families, among others. Residents supported a school taught by Mahulda “Gussie” Brown Carrier, three churches, and a Masonic lodge. Many of them owned their homes, some were business owners, and others worked in nearby Sumner and at the Cummer Lumber Mill. This quiet life came to an end on January . . . — Map (db m17707) |
| Florida (Putnam County), Crescent City — F-564 — Asa Philip Randolph |
| | Civic Rights Activist, Trade Union Leader, Crusader for Justice. 1889–1979.
“Salvation for a race, nation or class must come from within. Freedom is never granted; it is won. Justice is never given; it is exacted.”
Asa Philip Randolph was born in Crescent City, Florida on April 15, 1889 to Rev. James Williams and Elizabeth Robinson Randolph. His father was a minister at this church where Randolph attended as a youth. In 1925 he became the founder and president of the . . . — Map (db m5514) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 1074 W King Street — Freedom Trail |
| | This was the home of Mrs. Georgie Mae Reed (1926-1995), who took part in one of the most famous events in the civil rights movement that changed America and inspired the world.
On March 31, 1964, Mrs. Reed was one of five St. Augustine women who accompanied Mrs. Mary Peabody, the 72 year old mother of the governor of Massachusetts, to the Ponce de Leon Motor Lodge on U.S. 1 North. The group sat down in the restaurant there and asked to be served. They were arrested instead.
That event . . . — Map (db m17916) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 111 Lincoln Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Constructed before 1885, this is one of the oldest surviving buildings in Lincolnville, an historic neighborhood founded by freed slaves after the Civil War.
It was home to two generations of the Moran family. Horace Moran was the chef at the Monson Hotel on the bayfront for half a century, and in the 1920s he was president of the company that put out The Home Circle Weekly, one of the pioneer black publications in St. Augustine.
Moran was active in St. Mary’s Baptist Church, . . . — Map (db m21194) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 112 M.L. King Avenue |
| | This house was built between 1904 and 1910 on what was then called Central Avenue. The name was changed in 1986. There are many streets in America named to honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., but this one is special because he actually walked on it in the course of changing history.
In 1964 this was the home of Robert Victor Bell, who worked for the Post Office, and his wife Willie Mae Bell. The family was active in the civil rights movement, and their daughter, Veronica, was one of the . . . — Map (db m17915) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 120 DeHaven Street |
| | This house was built in the 1920s and purchased a decade later by Jutson Ayers, who worked as an alligator wrestler for a quarter of a century at the St. Augustine Alligator Farm before his death in 1958. His widow, Mrs. Rena Ayers, gave important support to the civil rights movement of the 1960s by providing lodging for out-of-towners who came here to support the movement.
In March 2005, when she was 100 years old, Mrs. Ayers had a visit from one of those she had hosted 41 years before. . . . — Map (db m17914) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 156 M.L. King Avenue |
| | The house at 156 Central Avenue was built in the 1950's for Mrs. Janie Price, a nurse at Flagler Hospital. She had taken her nurse's training at Grady Hospital in Atlanta in the 1940s and while there had attended dances with students from Morehouse College--one of them a teenager named Martin Luther King, Jr.
When Dr. King came to St. Augustine during the campaign that led to the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, this was one of the houses where he stayed. Mrs. Price . . . — Map (db m7627) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 177 Twine Street — Freedom Trail |
| | The event that brought the civil rights movement in St. Augustine to international attention was the arrest of Mary Parkman Peabody (1891-1981), the 72-year old mother of the Governor of Massachusetts, for trying to be served in a racially integrated group at the Ponce de Leon Motor Lodge on March 31, 1964. The socially prominent Mrs. Peabody, whose husband was an Episcopal bishop, and who was related to Eleanor Roosevelt, stayed here at 177 Twine Street when she was not in the St. Johns County . . . — Map (db m7610) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 222 Riberia Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Bethel Baptist Church was founded in 1939 by Rev. William Banks, the former pastor of St. Mary's Missionary Baptist Church on Washington Street, and other members from that congregation. Land was acquired on Riberia Street, and the church building constructed in 1943. From its earlier years, the picturesque church, with its distinctive coquina shell-dash stucco finish, has attracted the attention of artists. It became famous around the country through its appearance in many paintings.
In . . . — Map (db m21207) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 31 King Street |
| | The Ponce de Leon Shopping Center opened in 1955 as the first downtown shopping center in St. Augustine. It was designated by Morris Lapidus (1902-2001), Florida's most famous mid-twentieth century architect, and is the only example of his work in the Ancient City. It was anchored by a Woolworth's store on the west side (the door handles still say Woolworth's). On February 1, 1960, black college students in Greensboro, N.C. began a sit-in at their Woolworth's lunch counter to protest racial . . . — Map (db m7696) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 56 Park Place — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This house, overlooking Maria Sanchez Lake, was built in the 1950's for a distinguished family of educators. James G. Reddick was a longtime principal of Excelsior School and his wife Maude was the supervisor of black schools in St. Augustine in the age of segregation.
Professor Reddick also edited the first black newspaper, The St. Augustine Post in the 1930's. In March 1964 four prominent women from Boston (three of them wives of Episcopal Bishops) came to St. Augustine to give their . . . — Map (db m21187) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 57 Chapin Street |
| | 57 Chapin Street was once the home of Willie Galimore (1935-1964), the most famous athlete to come from St. Augustine. A three-time Pittsburgh Courier All-American football player at Florida A & M University under the legendary coach Jake Gaither, Galimore is now a member of the College Hall of Fame. He played professionally for the Chicago Bears under coach George Halas from 1957 until his tragic death in an auto accident in 1964. He was nicknamed "Galloping Gal" and renowned for his speed. . . . — Map (db m7732) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 570 Christopher Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | This was the home of Rev. Roscoe Halyard and his wife Flora, both active participants in the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Rev. Halyard, who was associated with Zion Baptist Church and worked as a carpenter, made trips to both Tallahassee and Washington to talk with government officials about the racial situation in St. Augustine.
He was one of the group that convinced the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to come to St. Augustine in the Spring of 1964, and made the . . . — Map (db m21208) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 64 Washington Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | 64 Washington Street was the Florida State Headquarters of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during and after the civil rights demonstrations of 1964. SCLC was founded in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. after the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56. The first executive director of SCLC was a former St. Augustinian, Dr. John Tilley (1898-1971). He had lived here while serving as president of Florida Normal (later Florida Memorial) College in the 1940s. In charge of . . . — Map (db m7607) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 21 — 76 Washington Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | The St. Augustine office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was located in this building from the 1970's until the early 1990's. The organization's roots in the Ancient City began much earlier. William English Walling (1877-1936), one of the organizers and the first chairman of the NAACP, was a frequent guest at the nearby Alcazar Hotel--now St. Augustine City Hall. A local NAACP Chapter was first organized here in 1915.
Notable NAACP member, James . . . — Map (db m21181) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 79 Bridge Street |
| | The Rudcarlie Building at 79 Bridge Street was built in the 1950's by Dr. Rudolph N. Gordon (1901-1959) and named for the members of his family. Rudolph, Carlotta, and Rosalie. It was the first medical/dental office constructed in St. Augustine without racially segregated waiting rooms.
After Dr. Gordon's death, the office was rented to Dr. Robert B. Hayling, a dentist who became a prominent leader of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine. Many of the planning sessions for the . . . — Map (db m7640) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 8 Dr. R.B. Hayling Place |
| | The house at 8 Scott Street was built in the 1950s as part of Rollins Subdivision, a new residential area where many prominent black St. Augustinians made their homes. In the early 1960s it was the residence of Dr. Robert B. Hayling and family. A dentist and Air Force veteran from Tallahassee, Dr. Hayling became the leader of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine. This house became a target for racist attacks. In one of them, the family dog was killed and Mrs. Hayling narrowly escaped . . . — Map (db m7628) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 84 Bridge Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | Trinity United Methodist Church is the oldest congregation in historic Lincolnville and one of the oldest Protestant congregations in Florida. Its origins date to the early American period, in the 1820s, when a Methodist missionary came to St. Augustine and baptized both blacks and whites.
Two earlier church buildings, on Charlotte Street and on St. George Street, housed integrated groups until the Civil War, when the whites withdrew and the congregation became all black. In 1905 the . . . — Map (db m21206) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 84 St. Benedict Street — ACCORD Freedom Trail |
| | The narrow streets and small building lots of this area mark it as the earliest part of Lincolnville, founded by freed slaves after the Civil War and now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. An earlier house that stood on this site was the home of William VanDyke, a pioneer black elected official of St. Augustine in the 1870s.
The current building was constructed between 1910 and 1917 to serve as a parsonage for the adjacent St. Paul A.M.E. Church. It is similar in age, . . . — Map (db m21192) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 96 Evergreen Avenue |
| | Zion Baptist Church, with its distinctive double towers, was built in 1921 to house a congregation originally organized in 1886. It is the last house of worship passed by many funerals on their way to several nearby cemeteries, including the one from which the street takes its name: Evergreen.
It was one of the churches where civil rights rallies were held in the 1960's when St. Augustine was the site of a major campaign led by Dr. Martin Luther King and Dr. Robert B. Hayling that . . . — Map (db m7803) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — 97 M.L. King Avenue |
| | 97 Martin Luther King Avenue was built in the 1920s by Frederick E. Martin, a prominent Lincolnville businessman whose name is set in the tile inside the front door. It was a popular confectionery and sundries store under many owners, drawing some of its customers from three neighboring schools: Excelsior, St. Benedict, and the Presbyterian Parochial and Industrial School.
The back section of the building, along Dehaven Street, was added in the mid 1920s. It served first as a pool room, . . . — Map (db m7727) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — Gault Street |
| | Gault Street was one of the historically black residential streets in North City. Many residents worked at the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind, the Fountain of Youth, laundries and ice plants that were once located in the area.
Three Victorian houses on the west side of the street were built in the 1880's. Most of the houses on the east side of the street were built in the 1920's by Henry Proctor, descendant of one of the famous free black families of colonial Florida whose story . . . — Map (db m7580) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — Reverend Goldie M. Eubanks — (Anointed Leader) — 172 Palmo Street, Lincolnville |
| | Home of Rev. Goldie M. Eubanks, Senior, his wife Hattie and nine children. Humbled by Family and Fatherhood, Leadership and Christian Fellowship, and driven by a cry from within his inner soul to make this world a better place, this self-styled minister and Christian Evangelist was a Vice President of the NAACP and SCLC leader with the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. This home was often the target of night riders and opponents of civil rights.
Northward along Palmo Street were homes . . . — Map (db m7080) |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — Ebenezer Baptist Church |
| | "Our Stone of Help."
"Then Samuel took a stone and named it Ebenezer for he said, 'Thus far the Lord has helped us.'"
(I Samuel 7:12.)
The Rev. John A. Parker,
Pastor 1886-1894.
The Rev. Dr. Alfred Daniel Williams,
Pastor 1894-1931.
The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Sr.,
Pastor 1931-1975.
The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
Co-pastor 1960-1968.
The Rev. Dr. Alfred Daniel Williams King,
Co-pastor 1969-1970.
The Rev. Dr. Otis Moss, Jr.,
Co-pastor 1971-72. . . . — Map (db m5481) |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — Ebenezer Baptist Church |
| | has been designated a
National Historic Landmark This site possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States of America May 5th 1977 National Park Service United States Department of the Interior
[bottom sign]
Ebenezer Baptist Church Heritage Sanctuary
407-413 Auburn Avenue
Ebenezer Baptist Church has been a spiritual, social, and political center - a home-away-from-home - for generations of black Atlantans. Under the leadership of the . . . — Map (db m6675) |
| Georgia (Liberty County), McIntosh — Union Brotherhood Society |
| | (Front text)
William Mckinley Walthour, Sr. founded the Union Brotherhood Society or "The Society" in March 1932 to help provide for a proper burial of Negro citizens. During this period of segregation and Jim Crow Laws, Negroes were uninsured and had to use homemade pine boxes to bury their loved ones. The organization collected dues of ten and twenty-five cents
monthly from its members; enabling them to have death and health benefits. The Society with 34 members still exists in 2006 . . . — Map (db m9491) |
| Georgia (Liberty County), Midway — Athletic Programs at Dorchester Academy 1926-1940 — Dorchester Academy — Museum Of African American History |
| | Founding the athletic programs was considered one of Principal Elizabeth Moore's greatest achievements. School teams came to be known as the Dorchester Academy Tigers and Tigerettes, with "Shag" the tiger as their mascot. Dorchester Academy participated in it's first athletic event in 1926, a Savannah public school track meet. Basketball teams were organized that same year. The academy began to develop a football team in 1927 and a baseball team soon after. Boys' and girls' basketball teams . . . — Map (db m9056) |
| Georgia (Liberty County), Midway — Liberty County Citizen's Council 1946 - 1953 — Dorchester Academy — Museum Of African American History |
| | The Errosion of the Franchise
With the passage of the 14th and 15th amendments to the U.S. Constitution in 1868 and 1869, African Americans were granted full citizenship and the right to vote. In less than a decade, nearly 100,000 black men had registered to vote in Georgia. Sucess, however was short-lived.
In 1877 Georgia passed a new state constitution which restricted the franchise by adding a residency requirement and altering the state's poll tax law to make it . . . — Map (db m9065) |
| Georgia (Liberty County), Midway — S.C.L.C. and the Voter Education Program 1962-1970 — Dorchester Academy — Museum Of African American History |
| | Citizenship Schools
Dorchester Cooperative Center played a key role in the struggle for civil rights and the vote.
In 1954, Septima Clarke, a school teacher from Charleston, SC and Esau Jenkins, a farmer and school bus driver from Johns Island, SC, were on the forefront of grassroots efforts to make voter registration a reality. With the support from the Highlander Folk School, they devised a plan to help rural adults to pass literacy and citizenship tests.
The first . . . — Map (db m9066) |
| Georgia (Morgan County), Madison — Reconstruction Property Rights |
| | Georgia's General Assembly of 1865-1866 passed important property rights laws for its black population, most of whom had recently been emancipated. Blacks could legally buy, sell, inherit, and lease both land and personal property. The experience of John Wesley Moore (1862-1908) serves as an example of emerging African-American property ownership.
As a farmhand for James A. Fannin, Moore likely established his household on the Fannin Farm. In less than a decade, he acquired 9 acres of . . . — Map (db m20833) |
| Georgia (Muscogee County), Columbus — Dr. Thomas H. Brewer |
| | A Pike County, Alabama native of African-American descent, Dr. Brewer was born November 16, 1894. His office was located at 1025 1/2 First Avenue. Brewer emerged as a chief spokesman for the Civil Rights of the Negro and was described by Roy Wilkins of the NAACP as a fearless champion of the rights of his people.” His goal to guarantee the Negro the right to vote throughout the South was achieved in the Primus King case in 1945. He was a leader of the local chapter of the NAACP and worked . . . — Map (db m10975) |
| Georgia (Muscogee County), Columbus — 106-1 — Mildred L. Terry Branch Library |
| | The first public library for African Americans in segregated Columbus, the Colored/Fourth Avenue Library, opened on January 5, 1953. The existence of
this facility resulted from covenants and restrictions barring the use of the city’s new public library by African Americans. The project was completed with expenditures of less than one hundred thousand dollars. The library was renamed the Mildred L. Terry Branch in 1981 to honor its first librarian. — Map (db m22410) |
| Georgia (Walton County), Monroe — 147-1 — Moore’s Ford Lynching |
| | 2.4 miles east, at Moore’s Ford Bridge on the Apalachee River, four African-Americans - George and Mae Murray Dorsey and Roger and Dorothy Dorsey Malcom (reportedly 7 months pregnant) - were brutally beaten and shot by an unmasked mob on the afternoon of July 25, 1946. The lynching followed an argument between Roger Malcom and a local white farmer. These unsolved murders played a crucial role in both President Truman’s commitment to civil rights legislation and the ensuing modern civil rights . . . — Map (db m19775) |
| Illinois (Coles County), Charleston — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Charleston, Illinois — County-Seat Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District ···1847 - 1857 — Map (db m10938) |
| Illinois (Coles County), Mattoon — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Shelby / Coles Counties — County Line Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District
1847 - 1859 — Map (db m10989) |
| Illinois (Edgar County), Kansas — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Edgar / Coles Counties — County Line Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District
1847 - 1859 — Map (db m10988) |
| Illinois (Edgar County), Paris — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Paris, Illinois — County-Seat Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District ···1847 - 1857 — Map (db m10937) |
| Illinois (Piatt County), Monticello — Abraham Lincoln - Eighth Judicial District — Monticello, Illinois — County-Seat Marker |
| | Abraham Lincoln
traveled this way as he rode the Circuit of the Eighth Judicial District ···1847 - 1857 — Map (db m10962) |
| Illinois (Shelby County), Shelbyville — Lincoln-Thornton Debate / Lincoln Circuit |
| | [Larger Marker]:
Here
Abraham Lincoln
and
Anthony Thornton
June 15, 1856
debated for and against
Freedom
in our territories.
It was the initial speech that made
Lincoln President
and
The Great Emancipator.
[Smaller Marker]:
Lincoln Circuit
1847 - 1858
He practised law here
occupied a room in the hotel
then known as
Tackets Tavern. — Map (db m11294) |
| Indiana (Allen County), Fort Wayne — Emerine Jane Holman Hamilton — 1810 - 1889 — Pioneer in Religion, Education, Philanthropy, Reform |
| | She encouraged local efforts to form First Presbyterian Church, establish a public library, support the national Women's Suffrage Movement, and donated land for Fort Wayne's first African-American church.
The Hamilton Estate on Clinton Street abounded in flowers, shrubs, and trees and included the homes in which granddaughters Edith, Alice, and Agnes lived.
This gardenscape is a tribute to Emerine's personal elegance and achievements. As it surrounds the plaza, it symbolizes Emerine's . . . — Map (db m16967) |
| Indiana (Fountain County), Veedersburg — Veedersburg - VanBuren Township War Memorial |
| | 1919 - 1991
American Legion
Veedersburg Post 288
In Memory of those from
Veedersburg & Vanburen Twp.
who served, and those who
gave their lives in the
service of their Country.
[Left Side]:
World War I
Lozan R. Bantz • Robert Edwards • Charles Forrest • Alva Gressmire • Frank Odle • Clyde C. Rogers • Guy Smith
Korea
Ernest R. Krout • Allen M. Bowman • Robert D. Lang
[Right Side]:
World War II
Arnet L. Furr • Gerald . . . — Map (db m7779) |
| Indiana (Harrison County), Corydon — 31.1995.1 — Leora Brown School |
| | Facility built 1891 as elementary and secondary school for African Americans. Originally known as Corydon Colored School; first graduation was on May 14, 1897.
Renamed 1987 for Leora Brown Farrow, a teacher at the school, 1924 - 1950.
Rehabilitated as cultural and educational center, 1993. — Map (db m9627) |
| Indiana (Harrison County), Corydon — Oswell Wright |
| | [Front side]
Born in Maryland early 1810's. Bought land in Corydon, May 1849. In November 1857, Kentuckians arrested Wright and two white men, Charles and David Bell; they were indicted and jailed in Kentucky for aiding escape of fugitive slave. Bells rescued in jailbreak 1858. Wright convicted May 1859; completed sentence in kentucky Penitentiary; released June 1864.
[Back side]
Wright, a free black, lost his own freedom for helping a slave escape. Died in Corydon, . . . — Map (db m9615) |
| Indiana (Knox County), Vincennes — Indiana Territory |
| | On July 4, 1800, the western part of the
Northwest Territory became the Indiana Territory.
It covered land that would eventually be included
in the present states of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,
Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
Vincennes, on the Wabash River, was established
as the seat of government.
President John Adams appointed William Henry
Harrison the first Territorial Governor. Harrison
later became the ninth President of the United States. — Map (db m23266) |
| Indiana (Knox County), Vincennes — Knox County (Indiana) Civil War Memorial |
| | "In Grateful remembrance of the services and sacrifices of our soldiers in the war of The Union,
we, the people of Knox County have erected this monument." — Map (db m23378) |
| Indiana (Knox County), Vincennes — 42.2009.1 — Mary Clark |
| | Side One:
Born circa 1801, Clark, a slave, was purchased in Kentucky in 1814 by B. J. Harrison, brought to Vincennes in 1815, and indentured as his servant. In 1816, G.W. Johnston purchased her indenture for 20 years. In 1821, Clark and attorney Amory Kinney petitioned Knox County Circuit Court to terminate her indenture because she was held illegally “as a slave.”
Side Two
Circuit Court ruled Clark “freely” entered into her indenture and had . . . — Map (db m23219) |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.2007.1 — 1907 Indiana Eugenics Law |
| | [Marker Front]:
By late 1800s, Indiana authorities believed criminality, mental problems, and pauperism were hereditary. Various laws were enacted based on this belief. In 1907, Governor J. Frank Hanly approved first state eugenics law making sterilization mandatory for certain individuals in state custody. Sterilizations halted 1909 by Governor Thomas R. Marshall.
[Marker Reverse]:
Indiana Supreme Court ruled 1907 law unconstitutional 1921, citing denial of due process . . . — Map (db m1829) |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.1992.1 — Crispus Attucks High School |
| | Built 1927 to serve as the only public high school for Indianapolis’ black population. Integrated 1970 under court-ordered desegregation. Converted to junior high, 1986. Listed in National Register of Historic Places, 1989. Named for patriot of American Revolution. — Map (db m1847) |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.1997.1 — Indiana Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs |
| | Organized 1904 by Lillian Thomas Fox with 14 clubs. Affiliated with National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, founded 1896. Objectives include improvement of education, health, living standards, inter-racial understanding. Clubhouse at 2034 N. Capitol since 1927. Listed in National Register of Historic Places, 1987. — Map (db m1828) |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.2005.1 — Robert F. Kennedy Speech on Death of Martin L. King |
| | Here on the evening of April 4, 1968, Kennedy came to address a large crowd of mostly African Americans in his bid for Democratic Party nomination for president of U.S. Instead, visibly shaken, he gave an impromptu speech about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. that day in Memphis, Tenn.
Kennedy urged the crowd to follow Rev. King’s lead and respond with understanding and prayer. Citing the need to avoid division, hatred, and violence, he called for love, wisdom, compassion, . . . — Map (db m236) |
| Indiana (Marion County), Indianapolis — 49.2004.4 — Zerelda G. Wallace |
| | (Front): Born August 6, 1817 in Kentucky and came to Indianapolis with her family in the early 1830s. Was a charter member of the Church of Christ (later Central Christian Church) 1833. Married David Wallace (later governor) 1836. Was first president of Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Indiana 1874 and member of the Equal Suffrage Society of Indianapolis. (Back): She spoke nationally on temperance and suffrage. On January 21, 1875, she testified before Indiana General . . . — Map (db m4629) |
| Indiana (Montgomery County), Crawfordsville — Elston Memorial Home — Col. Isaac C. Elston Home |
| | [Small Upper Brass Plaque - by Front Door]:
This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. United States Department of Interior.
[Large Middle - Brass Plaque]:
In Memory of the Soldiers of the Revolutionary War of 1776 Buried in Montgomery County
Jacob Miller •
Alexander Foster •
Sebastion Stonebraker •
Presly Sims •
Samuel Gregory •
John Hardee •
William Mason •
John McNulty •
James McArthur •
Samuel Newell •
Robert . . . — Map (db m9396) |
| Indiana (Montgomery County), Crawfordsville — 54-1995-1 — Speed Cabin |
| | Site of house reputed to be a stop on the "Underground Railroad." Reconstructed cabin, which was portion of house owned by John Allen Speed, now located on grounds of lane Mansion. Speed, active in abolitionist movement, was Mayor of Crawfordsville, 1868 - 1869. — Map (db m3870) |
| Indiana (Noble County), Indian Village — 5719671 — Chief Papakeecha’s House — ← one quarter mile south |
| | Built in 1827 by Federal Government on 36-section reservation for $562; later destroyed by “great wind.” Papakeecha (Flat Belly) was a Miami leader, 1820 to his death in 1837, shortly before the Miami removal. — Map (db m3385) |
| Indiana (Parke County), Rockville — 61.1975.1 — Parke County Museum |
| | This Museum Building built in 1839 first used as a seminary; an armory during the Civil War, a school for negro children from 1873-1924, later a gas station, a restaurant, and gift shop.
Purchased in 1975 by Parke Co. Historical Society. — Map (db m3677) |
| Indiana (Vigo County), Terre Haute — 84.1992.1 — Home of Eugene V. Debs |
| | Debs (1855-1926) was leading pioneer in industrial unionism, social reformer, and peace advocate.
Founded American Railway Union, 1893; cofounded American Socialist Part, 1900; and ran five times for United States Presidency.
Home built in 1890; declared National Historic Landmark, 1966. — Map (db m8928) |
| Indiana (Warren County), State Line City — Abraham Lincoln |
| | Abraham Lincoln made his only speech in Warren County, Indiana near this spot Feb. 11, 1861. “Gentlemen of Indiana: I am happy to meet you on this occasion, and enter again the state of my early life, and almost of maturity. I am under many obligations to you for your kind reception, and to Indiana for the aid she rendered our cause which, I think, a just one. Gentlemen, I shall address you at greater length at Indianapolis, but not much greater. Again gentlemen, I thank you for your warm hearted reception.” — Map (db m5490) |
| Indiana (Wayne County), Dublin — Indiana’s First Woman’s Rights Convention |
| | A convention was called for by reform-minded Congregational Friends meeting at Greensboro, Henry County, January 1851. Convention held October 14-15, 1851 at Dublin adopted resolutions for political, social, and financial rights for women. Women and men who favored abolition, temperance and suffrage attended. The 1852 convention formed Indiana Woman's Rights Association to promote united action for woman's rights. Association's 1853 convention demanded equality in all political rights and . . . — Map (db m270) |
| Iowa (Worth County), Northwood — Historic Northern Iowa / Carrie Lane Chapman Catt - (1859 - 1947) |
| | Side A Northern Iowa landforms result from the action of 3 separate glacial ice sheets. Clear Lake, south of here, is one of the many Iowa lakes formed by glacial action. Pilot Knob, a glacially formed hill west of here, is one of highest points in northern Iowa and was used as a landmark by early travellers.
Much of the Western two-thirds of Iowa was prairie when the first settlers arrived. Pioneers in this area travelled through grasses 5 to 7 feet tall. Many of them referred . . . — Map (db m23264) |
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