| British Columbia (Capital Regional District), Victoria — Fort Victoria |
| | The mooring rings on the rocks below are the only surviving fragment of Fort Victoria built by the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1843. From 1846, when the Oregon boundary was drawn at the 49th parallel, this post served as grand depot and headquarters of the Company’s Pacific fur trade. Ships moored here to unload supplies for an extensive network of forts and to take on natural products for export, principally to Alaska, California and Hawaii. In 1849 the first Legislative Assembly of the Colony of . . . — Map (db m9195) |
| Ontario (Middlesex County), London — The British Garrison in London |
| | In one of several concentrations of British troops in Upper Canada various infantry and artillery units were stationed on a military reserve here during the mid-19th century. The garrison, which contributed significantly to the economic growth of London, was first established in 1839 to guard against border raids following the Rebellion of 1837. Although its troops were withdrawn in 1853 to serve in the Crimean War and military duties were assumed by pensioners, it was re-occupied by British . . . — Map (db m18918) |
| Czech Republic, Ústecký (Okres Litoměřice), Terezín — 3 — Garrison Church |
| | In Czech:
Posádkový Kostel
Kostel Vzkřišení Páně byl postaven v letech 1805-1810. Budovu s věží vysokou 56 m projektovali Ing. Heinrich Hetzinger a Julius D’Andreis. Takřka totožný se nachází v Pevnosti Josefov u Jaroměř.
In English:
Garrison Church
The Church of the Resurrection of the Lord was built in 1805-1810. Ing. Heinrich Hatzinger and Julius D'Andreis designed the building with its 56 m tall tower. A nearly identical church . . . — Map (db m22500) |
| Czech Republic, Ústecký (Okres Litoměřice), Terezín — 15 — The Food Storeroom — Proviantní Sklad |
| | In Czech:
Proviantní Sklad
Budova s jedním obdélníkovým nádvořím byla postavena v letech 1786 až 1789. V objektu se skladovala mouka, cukr, sůl, a pečivo. Spolu s Kavalírem č. II zde mohly být v připadě válečného konfliktu uskladněny zásoby potravin pro 70-ti tisícove vojsko na dobu 3,5 měsíce.
In English:
The Food Storeroom
This building, with one rectangular courtyard, was built between 1786 and 1789. Flour, sugar, . . . — Map (db m22626) |
| Germany, Bavaria, Munich — "Lueg ins Land" Watchtower |
| | Hier stand
der Wachtthurm
Lueg-ins Land,
ob seiner Fernsicht
so genannt.
Erbaut vor 1374
Abgebrochen 1802.
Translated, the marker reads:
Here stood
the watchtower
"Look to the Land"
so-called on account of its
clear view
Built before 1374
torn down in 1802. — Map (db m22539) |
| Alabama (Baldwin County), Fort Morgan — The Pride of Seven Flags |
| | (East Face):
Tribute dedicated to the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives in the defense of our country here at Fort Morgan.
Here lies the pride of seven flags entombed in our ancestor’s worth, who heard the thunder of the fray break o’er the field beneath knew the watchword of the day was “Victory or Death.”
(North Face):
Dates of battles and some events relative to Fort Morgan.
1711 – Battle, France – England
1719 – Battle, . . . — Map (db m4649) |
| Alabama (Baldwin County), Spanish Fort — Revolutionary War Battlefield and Burial Ground at Spanish Fort (1780-1781) |
| | During the Revolutionary War, France, Spain, Britain, and the United States were interested in the fate of this region. In March 1780, Spanish forces captured Mobile. They established a palisaded fort with trenches (one mile north of here) to protect nearby Frenchtown, also known as The Village from British forces based in Pensacola. Early on the foggy Sunday morning of 7 January 1871, the British, under Col. von Hanxleden, attacked with about 200 German, Swiss, English, loyalist American . . . — Map (db m20034) |
| Alabama (Tallapoosa County), Jacksons Gap — Fort Okfuskee — — 6 miles west ——› |
| | Built in 1735 by British from Carolina in futile attempt to gain trade of the Creek Indians from the French, located at Fort Toulouse, 40 miles south. Okfuskee was the largest town in Creek Confederacy. — Map (db m22232) |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Bowie — 086-352 — Old Fort Bowie — Guardian of Apache Pass |
| | Established 1862 following the battle of Apache Pass, largest conflict in Arizona Indian Wars. Massed Apaches under Cochise and Mancas Coloradas were routed by howitzers fired by California volunteers attacked in the pass. Fort Bowie overlooked only spring for miles. — Map (db m6994) |
| California (Amador County), Ione — 867 — Preston Castle |
| | The “Castle,” Built in 1890–1894, is the most significant example of Romanesque Revival architecture in the Mother Lode. It was built to house the Preston School of Industry. Established by the State Legislature as a progressive action toward rehabilitating, rather than simply imprisoning, juvenile offenders. Doors of the 120 room “castle” closed in 1960 after new facilities were completed.
California Registered Historical Landmark No. 867
Plaque placed . . . — Map (db m2046) |
| California (Kern County), Lebec — Camel Trail Terminus — Fort Tejon — California Historical Landmark |
| | Jefferson Davis, “Father of National Highways,” as Secretary of War 1853-57 sponsored the importation of 33 camels for transporting military supplies to the west coast. The camel trail survey ran from San Antonio, Texas to Fort Tejon which marks the western terminus, part of the Jefferson Davis Highway.
The army camel corps arrived at this fort in November, 1857, with Lt. Edward F. Beale in command.
Erected by
California Division,
United Daughters of the Confederacy
May 11, 1956 — Map (db m8053) |
| California (Kern County), Lebec — 129 — Fort Tejon |
| | This military post was established by the United States Army on June 24, 1854, to suppress stock rustling and for the protection of Indians in the San Joaquin Valley. As regimental headquarters of the First Dragoons, Fort Tejón was an important military, social, and political center. Camels for transportation were introduced here in 1858. The fort was abandoned September 11, 1864. — Map (db m2605) |
| California (Kern County), Lebec — Peter Lebec |
| | Although little is known about Peter Lebec, it is believed that he was killed by a grizzly bear, and buried under this tree. His epitaph was originally carved into the tree. — Map (db m11092) |
| California (Lassen County), Susanville — 76 — Roop's Fort |
| | Built in July 1854 by Isaac N. Roop. First called Roop's House, and used as stopping place by emigrant trains. It was the locale of the "sagebrush war" fought in 1863 between Plumas County and Lassen County citizens. — Map (db m10266) |
| California (Mariposa County), Bear Valley — 5999 — Fremont’s Fort |
| | General John C. Fremont, 1813-1890. A noted military man, explorer, topographer, senator & businessman, Fremont was also a miner. He settled in Mariposa County living just outside Bear Valley. He operated the Josephine, Pine Tree & Princeton mines and other claims. In 1858 he returned from his travels to operate his mines and found many had been “jumped.” In taking them back a feud developed with several groups, one being the “Hornitas League” which tried to seize one . . . — Map (db m5783) |
| California (Mendocino County), Fort Bragg — 615 — Fort Bragg |
| | Established in this vicinity June 11, 1857 by 1st Lieutenant Horatio Gate Gibson, 3rd Artillery, later Brigadier General, US Army. Named by Gibson in honor of his former company commander, Braxton Bragg, later General, C.S.A. Abandoned in October 1864. — Map (db m10585) |
| California (Mendocino County), Fort Bragg — Fort Building |
| | The last remaining structure and once the original quartermaster’s storehouse and commissary of Fort Bragg Military Post 1857-1864, then located near Laurel and Redwood Avenues. — Map (db m10586) |
| California (Sacramento County), Sacramento — 666 — Camp Union Sutterville |
| | The 5th Infantry Regiment, California Volunteers, was organized here on 8 October, 1861 and trained by Brevet Brigadier General George W. Bowie for duty in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas against the Confederate forces. Since this was the year of the great flood, the troops aided the flood-stricken capital. Company F, (Sacramento Rangers), 2nd Cavalry Regiment, California Volunteers, was organized in Sacramento August 29, 1861 and later served here. This company furnished a large number of officers for other units of the California Volunteers. — Map (db m10825) |
| California (Sacramento County), Sacramento — 591 — Captain John A. Sutter's Landing |
| | [Main Marker]:
Captain John A. Sutter, after coming up the Sacramento River from Yerba Buena in August 1839, landed approximately two hundred feet north of here, at what was then the south bank of the American River. A short time thereafter he moved to the site where he established a permanent camp, and later built his fort. Sutter and his men where the first settlers within the present city limits of Sacramento.
[Smaller Marker]:
In commemoration of the
landing of John . . . — Map (db m10522) |
| California (Sacramento County), Sacramento — General John A. Sutter — February 15, 1808 – June 18, 1880 |
| | Swiss Immigrant
Founder of New Helvetia
The beginning of Sacramento
Builder of Sutter’s Fort
A man of vision and compassion
who deserves the respect
and gratitude
of Americans and Swiss — Map (db m11182) |
| California (Sacramento County), Sacramento — Sutter's Fort — This Tree Came From Kandern, Baden, Germany — The Birthplace of General John A Sutter |
| | The Native Sons and Native Daughters of the Golden West planted it on July 19, 1939. and dedicated it September 9, 1948, on the occasion of the celebration of Admission Day and the Centenary of the founding of the modern City of Sacramento. — Map (db m11886) |
| California (San Diego County), San Diego — 54 — Fort Stockton |
| | Fortified briefly by Carlos Carrillo in 1838. This site became Fort Dupont (July –November 1846) after American forces took Old Town during the Mexican War. Retaken and held briefly by the Californios, it fell once more to the Americans, who renamed it Fort Stockton and used it as campaign headquarters for ending the Californio Revolt in early 1847. The Morman Battalion stayed here later that year. The post was abandoned on September 25, 1848. — Map (db m11784) |
| California (San Diego County), San Diego — 59 — San Diego Presidio Site |
| | Soldiers, sailors, Indians, and Franciscan missionaries from New Spain occupied the land at Presidio Hill on May 17, 1769 as a military outpost. Two months later, Fr. Junípero Serra established the first San Diego Mission on Presidio Hill. Officially proclaimed a Spanish Presidio on January 1, 1774, the fortress was later occupied by a succession of Mexican forces. The Presidio was abandoned in 1837 after San Diego became a pueblo. — Map (db m11134) |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Castillo de San Joaquin |
| | The first ship to enter San Francisco Bay, the San Carlos (Captain Ayala), dropped anchor off this point August 5, 1775. Lieutenant-Colonel Don Juan Bautista de Anza planted the cross on Cantil Blanco (White Cliff) March 28, 1776. The first fortification, Castillo de San Joaquín, was completed December 8, 1794 by José Joaquín de Arrillaga, sixth Governor of California. In 1853 United States Army engineers cut down the cliff and built Fort Point, renamed Fort Winfield Scott in 1882. This . . . — Map (db m10742) |
| California (San Francisco City and County), San Francisco — Fort Point |
| | Fort Point is considered one of the finest examples of military architecture in the United States and is San Francisco’s only major building constructed before the Civil War which has remained basically unchanged since it was completed and garrisoned in February 1861. Two months later the firing on Fort Sumter, South Carolina, marked the beginning of the Civil War, but the bombardment also clearly demonstrated that brick and granite fortresses could not withstand the devastating power of the . . . — Map (db m10677) |
| California (Shasta County), Anderson — Fort Reading |
| | Located 80 rods north.
Established May 26, 1852
by Co, E 2nd Infantry U.S.A.
Evacuated June 1867.
Marked by
U.S. Army April 6, 1934
Sponsored by Shasta Historical Society — Map (db m10296) |
| California (Shasta County), Fall River Mills — Captain Dick and Richard Pugh |
| | In Commemoration of
Captain Dick and Richard Pugh
The 1850's saw tension and turmoil between the early settlers and the native peoples of the Fall River Valley.
Richard Pugh, a native of Wales, was chosen by Lt. George Crook to be his guide when he and his company were sent to Fall River Valley in 1857. In October 1857 Lt. Crook was transferred to the Klamath Area in Northern California. He asked his guide, Dick Pugh, to remain in the Fall River Valley and help to complete the . . . — Map (db m10287) |
| California (Shasta County), Fall River Mills — Fort Crook |
| | In Commemoration of
Fort Crook
Established July 1, 1857 by Lieut. George Crook and Command for the protection of the immigrants and settlers. Later occupied by Capt John W Gardner and Capt McGregor.
The bounderies of this fort were designated as one mile in every direction from the flag pole.
Abandoned June 1, 1869 — Map (db m10288) |
| California (Sonoma County), Jenner — 5 — Fort Ross |
| | Founded 1812 by Russians from Sitka. When Russians withdrew to Alaska, 1841, Captain Sutter bought the improvements and supplies. Acquired by State in 1906 and remaining buildings restored - Greek Orthodox Chapel, Commandants Quarters and Stockage. Now a State historical monument.
Historical Landmark No. 5
Department of Public Works - Division of Highways — Map (db m16356) |
| California (Sonoma County), Jenner — Sandy Beach Cove |
| | Sandy Beach Cover lies below the fort. The principal port of the settlement was 19 miles to the south at Port Rumiantsev (Bodega Bay), where there was a deep-water anchorage and a warehouse. Russian Navy and Russian-American Company ships frequently visited California ports, trading and conducting scientific studies. They stopped at Rumiantsev to load and offload goods and to get fresh water. Vessels from many other countries stopped there to trade as well. There was frequent travel and . . . — Map (db m16362) |
| California (Sonoma County), Jenner — The Call Family Residence — 1878 - 1972 |
| | George Washington Call (1829-1907) and his Chilean wife, Mercedes Leiva (1850-1933), bought 2,500 acres including Fort Ross in 1873. While maintaining a house in San Francisco, the family developed a dairy ranch and expanded the transport of local goods by sea. The Calls built this residence in 1878, as a headquarters for the ranch and shipping operations, and a home for their family, which eventually included nine children. They soon made Fort Ross a thriving community center and shipping port for neighboring farms, ranches, and lumber mills. — Map (db m16357) |
| California (Sonoma County), Jenner — The Native Alaskan Village |
| | Native Alaskans, brought to Fort Ross by the Russian-American Company to hunt sea mammals and provide a work force for the colon, established a village on the marine terrace in front of the fort. The neighborhood also included the dwellings of inter-ethnic households composed of Native Alaskan men and local Native Californian women, In this "View of Fort Ross, 1828" by A. B. Duhaut-Cilly these homes appear on the far left above the ocean. This one-half acre site was investigated by . . . — Map (db m16361) |
| Colorado (Costilla County), Fort Garland — Fort Garland |
| | This memorial is the
property of the State of Colorado
———
Fort Garland
United States military outpost
to protect settlers from
hostile Indians. Named for
Brig. Gen. John Garland
Commander of this district in 1858 Established 1858. Abandoned 1883
Commanded by Col. Kit Carson 1866-7
———
Erected by
the State Historical Society of Colorado
from
The Mrs. J. N. Hall Foundation
and by
The . . . — Map (db m22731) |
| Colorado (La Plata County), Breen — [Old] Fort Lewis College |
| | Originated on the site of a U.S. Cavalry post established in 1880 at Hesperus. From 1891 until 1956 the old fort was operated as an Indian school, a vocational high school and a junior college.
The first president of the college was Charles Dale Rea. It was chiefly through his aggressive leadership that the college was reconstructed here in 1956.
In 1962 it became a liberal arts college operating on a trimester program and offering work leading to the bachelor of arts and bachelor of science degrees. — Map (db m22765) |
| Connecticut (New London County), Groton — Covered Way |
| | A pathway between the fort and the lower battery where soldiers using it were under cover from enemy gunfire. — Map (db m19053) |
| Connecticut (New London County), Groton — Powder Magazine |
| | Built in 1843 for the storage of gun Powder — Map (db m19055) |
| Connecticut (New London County), Groton — Shot Furnace |
| | Built in 1843 – To heat cannon balls to set wooden vessels aflame when struck — Map (db m19054) |
| Connecticut (New London County), Groton — The Construction of Fort Griswold — Stabilization and Preservation of Fort Griswold — Phase 1 |
| | In November 1775, Colonel Jedeiah Elderkin was directed by the Governor and the Council of Safety “to view the circumstances of the harbor at New London and neighboring places, and consider of the most proper place and manner of fortifying the same against our enemies.” Elderkin recommended the fortification of several places in New London and Groton including the summit of the hill on Groton Heights where, “It seems nature had prepared a place to plant cannon for the . . . — Map (db m19041) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Delaware City — Batteries Hentig and Dodd — The 1890s modernization continued |
| | By the turn of the century, Fort Delaware had become part of a coastal defense system, linking Fort Mott in New Jersey and Fort Dupont in Delaware. Batteries* Hentig and Dodd, which each housed two rapid-fire guns, were intended to furnish close-range support for the submerged electric cables and torpedo net. Both batteries were named in honor of army officers who had died in action. ---------- * battery – two or more pieces of artillery used together. — Map (db m21662) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Delaware City — Sally Port |
| | In its original state, heavy iron-studded oak doors (like the one before you) stood at both ends of the sally port. Large granite blocks, quarried in Quincy, Massachusetts, line its walls. A sample of the fort’s fine brickwork can be seen on the ceiling. Note the mortar mixture of oyster shells and horsehair which has survived intact as a result of this protected location. — Map (db m21665) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Delaware City — W. Emerson Wilson — 1908 - 1982 |
| | In Memory of W. Emerson Wilson 1908 - 1982 Through his leadership Pea Patch Island was returned to the State of Delaware by the Federal Government in 1948. He was the founder and first president of the Fort Delaware Society, January 1950 and was elected chairman of the board in 1956. — Map (db m10207) |
| Delaware (Sussex County), Lewes — S-31 — Lewes |
| | Under orders from Peter Stuyvesant, the Dutch erected Fort at Hoorn Kil (Lewes Creek) 1659 but were soon dispossessed by Marylanders. Here was also a communistic settlement established in 1662 by Mennonites from Holland under Peter Cornelius Plockhoy. Sir Robert Carr, 1664, “Destroyed the quaking colony of Plockhoy to a Naile.” — Map (db m19404) |
| District of Columbia, Washington — Fort De Russy — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | Earthworks of Fort De Russy are visible; follow path to your right for 200 years.
[drawing of fort] Fort De Russy from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers drawing.
Cannon mounted at Fort De Russy helped repulse a Confederate attack on Fort Stevens, July 11012, 1864.
[map of northern DC] Other Civil War fort locations administered by Rock Creek Park.
[picture of unnamed fort] During the Civil War, Washington's forts overlooked farm land. — Map (db m20822) |
| District of Columbia, Washington — Fort DeRussy |
| | One of the Civil War Defenses of Washington. Constructed on the site in 1861 Fort DeRussy commanded the deep valley of Rock Creek. Its armament consisted of 11 guns and mortars including a 100-pounder Parrott Rifle. — Map (db m20823) |
| District of Columbia, Washington — Fort DeRussy |
| | Built in 1861 to protect the Rock Creek Valley during the Civil War, Fort DeRussy's cannon fired a total of 109 projectiles into the northern countryside as 12,000-15,000 Confederate soldiers attacked the city under the command of Confederate General Jubal Anderson Early on July 11-12, 1864. During this two day battle (known as the Battle of Fort Stevens) Fort DeRussy aided the surrounding forts by providing the main suppressive fire to ensure a Union victory on the battlefield.
The . . . — Map (db m20824) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), American University Park — Fort Bayard |
| | Civil War Defenses of Washington 1861-1865. No visible evidence remains of Fort Bayard, which stood at the top of this hill. Named for Brig. Gen. George Bayard, mortally wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. — Map (db m124) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Anacostia — Battery Ricketts — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | Earthworks of Battery Ricketts are visible inside the wooded area in front of you. Battery Ricketts, built to defend an area in front of Fort Stanton, was named for Maj. Gen. James B. Ricketts. — Map (db m10622) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Anacostia — Fort Carroll — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | Earthworks of Fort Carroll are visible 100 yards to the right at the top of the hill. Fort Carroll was named in honor of Maj. Gen. Samuel Sprigg Carroll, a West Point graduate from the District of Columbia. — Map (db m10614) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Anacostia — Fort Greble — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | Earthworks of Fort Greble are visible beyond this exhibit. Fort Greble was named in honor of Lt. John T. Greble, slain at the Battle of Big Bethel, June 10, 1861, the first U.S. Military Academy graduate killed in the Civil War. — Map (db m10610) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Benning Heights — Fort Chaplin — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | Earthworks of Fort Chaplin are visible through the wooded areas at the top of the hill. Fort Chaplin was named in honor of Col. Daniel Chaplin, who was mortally wounded on August 17, 1864, at Deep Bottom, Virginia. — Map (db m10628) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Brightwood — 16 — "Get Down You Fool" — Battleground to Community — Brightwood Heritage Trail |
| | Hearing those words, President Abraham Lincoln ducked down from the Fort Stevens parapet during the Civil War battle that stopped the Confederates from taking Washington. On July 9, 1864, some 15,000 Rebels led by General Jubal A. Early defeated Union forces at the Battle of Monocacy near Frederick, Maryland. Early's troops, suffering from the battle and the summer heat, then turned south to march on the lightly defended capital city. But the Monocacy encounter and skirmishes along the . . . — Map (db m17133) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Georgetown — The Star-Spangled Banner |
| | The Flag. The immortal words "star-spangled Banner" refer to the magnificent flag which Francis Scott Key saw "by the dawn's early light" after the British bombardment of Fort McHenry on September 14, 1814. It is the largest flag ever flown in battle in U.S. history.
During preparations to defend Baltimore's vital seaport and center of commerce during the War of 1812, the commander of Fort McHenry, Major George Armistead, wanted a flag so big "that the British will have no difficulty . . . — Map (db m121) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northeast — Fort Slocum |
| | Civil War Defenses of Washington 1861-1865 No visible evidence remains of Fort Slocum, which stood here and across Kansas Avenue to your left. Cannon mounted at Fort Totten helped repulse a Confederate attack on Fort Stevens, July 11-12, 1864. — Map (db m3012) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northeast — Fort Totten — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | Earthworks of Fort Totten are visible within the wooded area 50 yards at the top of this hill. Cannon mounted at Fort Totten helped repulse a Confederate attack on Fort Stevens, July 11-12, 1864. — Map (db m2993) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northeast — Fort Totten |
| | One of the Civil War defenses of Washington construction of Fort Totten was begun in August 1861, named after Gen. Joseph G. Totten the fort contained 20 guns and mortars including eight 32-pounders. United States Department of the Interior National Parks Service — Map (db m2999) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Battery Kemble Park — Defense of Washington |
| | Built in the autumn of 1861 and enlarged in 1862, the battery was named for Gouveneur Kemble of Cold Spring, NY, a former superintendent of the West Point Foundry. The battery, which consisted of two 100-pound Parrott guns, was designed to sweep the Virginia heights across the Potomac River of any Confederate threats to Chain Bridge. — Map (db m4078) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Fort Stevens |
| | Civil War Defenses of Washington 1861-1865 The partial reconstruction of Fort Stevens that you see today was done by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1937. No visible evidence of the original fort remains. Battle of Fort Stevens July 11-12, 1864 On July 11-12, 1864, Fort Stevens was the focal point of a Confederate attack by Gen. Jubal Early with his force of 15,000 soldiers. Defended by a meager force of convalescents, quartermaster employees and 100 day militia volunteers, Fort . . . — Map (db m3028) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Tenleytown — Fort Reno — Tenleytown, D.C. — Country Village to City Neighborhood |
| | At an elevation of 410 feet, Fort Reno is located at the highest point in DC. The fort, originally named Fort Pennsylvania, was well situated to provide defense of the Nation's Capital during the Civil War as one of the Circle of Forts (pictured here) around DC. The commanding view is recognized as a historic element of the fort. Fort Reno was renamed in honor of Union Major General Jesse Lee Reno in 1865. A street leading to Fort Reno from the south is called Fort Drive and was originally . . . — Map (db m20628) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Tenleytown — Fort Reno — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | No visible evidence remains of Fort Reno, which stood at the top of this hill, the highest elevation in Washington, D.C.
[drawing of Fort Reno] Fort Reno from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers drawing. Cannon mounted at Fort Reno helped repulse a Confederate attack on Fort Stevens, July 11-12, 1864.
[map of northern DC] Other Civil War fort locations administered by Rock Creek Park.
[photo of unnamed Washington fort] During the Civil War, Washington's forts overlooked farm land. — Map (db m20629) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Tenleytown — The Civil War Defenses of Washington — Fort Reno |
| | The site of this fort was selected in August, 1861. First called Fort Pennsylvania, the fort was located at an elevation of 430 feet, commanding three important roads which entered the city from the northwest in the vicinity of what is now Wisconsin and Nebraska avenues, N.W. — Map (db m20630) |
| Florida (Duval County), Fort George Island — F-211 — Site of the Mission of San Juan del Puerto |
| | Marker Front:
The establishment of missions chiefly for the purpose of Christianizing the Indian population was one of the methods used by Spain in attempting to colonize Florida in the sixteenth century. The Mission of San Juan del Puerto was founded in the late 1500's by the Franciscan Order of friars to serve the Timucuan Indians living in the area. While working at this mission around 1600 Father Francisco Pareja prepared a Timucuan dictionary, grammar and several religious books . . . — Map (db m21654) |
| Florida (Indian River County), Orchid — F-222 — Site of Survivors’ and Salvagers’ Camp — The 1715 Fleet |
| | Late in July, 1715, a hurricane destroyed a fleet of eleven or possibly twelve homeward bound merchant ships carrying cargoes of gold and silver coinage and other valuable items from the American colonies to Spain. About 1500 men, women, and children who survived the disaster and reached the shore made their camp along the barrier island near the place where the fleet’s flagship had sunk. Governor General Corcoles sent a relief party composed chiefly of Indian auxiliaries from St. Augustine to . . . — Map (db m14306) |
| Florida (Orange County), Maitland — Fort Maitland / Maitland / Lake Maitland — 1838 — Directly east of this highway |
| | Fort Maitland
was built in November 1838 by Lt. Col. Alexander C. W. Fanning, U.S.A. (1788-1848) on the military road connecting Fort Melon (Sanford) with Fort Gatlin (Orlando) and used as a stockade in the war between the United States and the Seminole Indians. The fort was named in honor of William Seton Maitland (1798-1837), a native of New York, a graduate of West Point whom President Andrew Jackson commissioned Brevet Captain for gallantry and good conduct at Withlacoochee 31 December . . . — Map (db m7452) |
| Florida (Orange County), Maitland — F-523 — Lake Lily Drive — A Florida Heritage Site |
| | This road was the first direct route from Northeast Florida to Maitland. It followed Maitland Avenue around this west side of Lake Lily and continued south on what is now Highway 17-92. During the Second Seminole War the United States Army used this trail to connect the forts along its route. Fort Maitland was built in 1838 on the west shore of Lake Maitland, a day's march from Fort Mellon (Sanford). The fort was named in honor of Captain William Seton Maitland (1798-1837), who was cited for . . . — Map (db m13636) |
| Florida (Palm Beach County), Jupiter — Ft. Jupiter - Jupiter Lighthouse |
| | Fort Jupiter was located three miles west on Loxahatchee River, erected January 1838 by troops commanded by Major General Thomas S. Jessup, establishing base for operations in the Seminole Indian Wars. Jupiter Lighthouse, approximately one mile northeast, first lighted July 10, 1860, darkened during the War between the States, was relighted June 23, 1866. — Map (db m14310) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — Castillo de San Marcos National Monument |
| | This Spanish fort, begun in 1672, stood
firm against English attacks and helped
Spain to hold Florida for many years.
During the American Revolution it was a
British stronghold. Later it became a
U.S. Military Prison. — Map (db m17232) |
| Florida (St. Johns County), St. Augustine — The Great Cross |
| | This Great Cross marks the approximate site where in 1565 the Cross of Christianity was first permanently planted in what is now the United States.
It is a beacon of the faith to remind all those who pass this way, by land or by sea, of the religious beginning of our Nation.
The Cross was erected by the Diocese of St. Augustine as the climax of the mission's 400th anniversary observances 1965-1966
Father Lopez, first pastor described the landing and settlement here on September 8, . . . — Map (db m4638) |
| Georgia (Baldwin County), Milledgeville — 005-23 — Fort Wilkinson |
| | Three hundred yards east of this point stood Ft. Wilkinson, established in 1797 on Georgia's Indian boundary. Garrisoned by soldiers whose families lived outside the stockade, it was an early trading house where Creek Indians were provided agricultural
supplies under the Treaty of New York (1790). Here occurred in 1802 the treaty which extinguished Indian titles to land westward to Commissioner’s Creek, which area was in the first Georgia land lottery in 1805. In 1807, the garrison was moved . . . — Map (db m13140) |
| Georgia (Barrow County), Winder — 007-1 — Fort Yargo — <------<<<< |
| | This remarkably preserved log blockhouse was built in 1793, according to historians. There are several references to Fort Yargo as existing prior to 1800. Its location is given as three miles southwest of “Jug Tavern,” original name for Winder. Early historians say Fort Yargo was one of four forts built by Humphries Brothers to protect early white settlers from Indians. The other three forts were listed as at Talassee, Thomocoggan, now Jefferson, and Groaning Rock, now Commerce. . . . — Map (db m22396) |
| Georgia (Bartow County), Emerson — 008-6 — Battle of Allatoona — October 5, 1864 |
| | After artillery firing and repeated assaults by French´s troops, [CS] the Federals made a final stand in the star fort W. of rock cut. Failing to dislodge
the defenders, French retreated to New Hope Church in Paulding County. French´s division consisted of Young´s, Cockrell´s, & Sear´s Brigades, [CS] 3,276; losses 799. Corse´s command: Alexander´s & Rowett´s Brigades, [US] 2137; losses, 706. This battle inspired the gospel hymn, "Hold the fort for I am coming". — Map (db m13936) |
| Georgia (Bibb County), Macon — 11-5 — Fort Hawkins |
| | Fort Hawkins was established at this site in 1806 on the eastern bank of the Ocmulgee River at the border of the Muskogee Creek Nation. The location was chosen by the fort’s namesake, Benjamin Hawkins, who served as the U.S. Agent for Indian Affairs South of the Ohio River from 1796-1816. Located along the old Federal Road linking the Georgia interior to ports at Mobile and New Orleans, the fort served as a military supply point and a frontier trading post. The fort was decommissioned in 1828 . . . — Map (db m24304) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — Capt. John McCrady — Designer of Fort McAllister |
| | Charlestonian, a student of Agassiz at Harvard, then professor of mathematics at the College of Charleston, he resigned his position at the outbreak of the war and became an officer in the Confederate engineers. Transferred to Savannah he spent his efforts surrounding that city with an extensive ring of defenses.
The rest of his life was academic. He returned to his old professorship in Charleston, later became assistant to Agassiz, then professor of biology at the University of the South, Sewannee, Tennessee. — Map (db m12711) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — Columbiad |
| | This replica of a coast defense cannon known as the columbiad was manufactured, 1964, by Savannah Machine and Foundry Company as a public service. A similar cannon was positioned here during Union naval attacks, 1863. The columbiad fired 87-lb. shells; its range was 2,500 yds. — Map (db m12776) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — Confederate Land Mines |
| | Land mines or torpedoes buried along the western approaches to the fort caused most of the casualties to the Union troops in the assault on December 13, 1864. After the taking of the fort, General Sherman personally gave orders that the captured Confederate garrison be required to remove the unexploded mines. — Map (db m13071) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — Major Gallie's Gun |
| | In this emplacement, chosen nearest the enemy, was the gun, an 8-inch columbiad, commanded personally by Major John B. Gallie. — Map (db m12995) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — Major John B. Gallie |
| | Killed in action while commanding the fort during the second attack of the monitor MONTAUK, February 1, 1863. The 32-pounder beside which he was standing was struck while Gallie was going from gun to gun, encouraging his men to calmness of aim. — Map (db m13072) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — Position of the Monitors |
| | The monitors took positions against the far marsh in the direction of the arrow, between 900 and 1200 yards from the fort during the following series of attacks: by the MONTAUK, January 27, February 1, and February 28, 1863; and by the PASSAIC, the NAHANT, and the PATAPSCO, March 3, 1863. — Map (db m12777) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — Tom Cat — Garrison Mascot |
| | The sole Confederate fatality after seven hours of intensive bombardment on March 3, 1863, by the monitors PASSAIC (Capt. Percival Drayton), NAHANT, and PATAPSCO, supported by the MONTAUK, the WISSAHICKON, the SENECA, the DAWN, the FLAMBEAU, the SERBAGO, the C.P. WILLIAMS, the NORFOLK PACKET, and the PARA was the garrison mascot. The death of the cat was deeply regretted by the men, and news of the fatality was communicated to General Beauregard in the official report of the action. — Map (db m13038) |
| Georgia (Camden County), St Marys — 020-8 — Point Peter |
| | East of here, at the junction of Peter Creek and the St. Marys river, the British built Fort Tonyn in 1776; controlling the southern part of the colony of Georgia for two years. In 1778, American Revolutionary forces, both land and water, forced evacuation of the exposed position. The English retreated N.W. along North river into Pagan Creek Plantation, home of the Tories, Charles and Jermyn Wright, brothers of Royal Governor James Wright. On high land along Alligator (now Borell) creek, they . . . — Map (db m16321) |
| Georgia (Camden County), St Marys — 20-2 — Point Peter Battery and the War of 1812 |
| | In 1795 a cannon battery constructed on the Point Peter peninsula became the southernmost fortification in the First System of U.S. coastal defenses. Vacated in 1802, it was reoccupied and strengthened in 1808 to provide support for the enforcement of the Embargo Act and the prohibition of the international slave trade. In 1812, former Georgia governor George Matthews led the unsanctioned "Patriot" invasion of Spanish Florida from Point Peter. On January 13, 1815, during the War of 1812, a . . . — Map (db m16320) |
| Georgia (Charlton County), Folkston — 024-9 — Trader's Hill (Fort Alert) |
| | About 2 miles East, on this road, is the site of "Fort Alert, usually called Trader's Hill." Established in the 18th century, and defended by a stockade garrisoned by U.S. Troops, Trader's Hill was a refuge for settlers during the Indian Wars. At the head of navigation on the St. Marys River, it was also one of the most important trading centers in the Southeast. In 1854, it became the County Site [sic] of Charlton County, and served in this capacity until 1901. The Methodist Church on . . . — Map (db m14472) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), McQueens Island — 25-20 — Battery Hamilton |
| | Built by Federal troops during the Civil War, in February 1862, Battery Hamilton prevented Confederate gunboats and reinforcements from moving down the Savannah River to aid the besieged Fort Pulaski. Its presence also allowed the Federals to construct the eleven artillery batteries that pounded Fort Pulaski into surrender in April 1862. Battery Hamilton was constructed and occupied by Company E and a detachment from Company A of the Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. The armament consisted of . . . — Map (db m18992) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Silk Hope — 025-42 — Battery Jones |
| | Dec. 1864. Beginning near this point and extending about 500 yards north along the left bank of Salt Creek, astride the old Savannah and Darien (Ogeechee) road, strong earthworks were constructed by Confederate engineers to prevent enemy forces from crossing Salt Creek at Owens` Bridge (on the old road), the only feasible crossing in this area. Designated as "Battery Jones." they were manned by the Terrell (Ga.) Artillery, Capt. John W. Brooks, and mounted 3 32-pdr., 1 20-pdr., and 4 12-pdr., . . . — Map (db m10353) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — Burial Sites of Immortal 600 |
| | The Immortal 600 were a group of Confederate officers held prisoners of war at Fort Pulaski during the bitterly cold winter of 1864-1865. They were moved here from Charleston where they had been placed in the line of artillery fire in retaliation for what was viewed as similar treatment of Union POW's.
The fallen officers endured many hardships, including a six-week diet of rancid cornmeal and pickles. Union Colonel Philip Brown attempted to make the prisoners more comfortable but was often . . . — Map (db m5076) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — Cisterns of the Construction Village — Fort Pulaski National Monument |
| | Robert E. Lee, newly graduated from the
United States Military Academy at West
Point, joined Major Samuel Babcock of the
Army Corps of Engineers in 1829 to begin
work on building a construction village on
this site. Two years later Lee transferred to
Hampton Roads, Virginia. Due to failing
health, Babock was replaced by Lieutenant
Joseph K.F. Mansfield in 1831 who completed
the construction village. Mansfield remeined
in charge of all work on Cockspur Island until
1845 and deserves . . . — Map (db m13185) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — 25-61 — Fort Pulaski |
| | Named for General Casimer Pulaski, the Polish hero who was mortally wounded at the siege of Savannah, 1779, Fort Pulaski was built in accordance with plans by General Simon Bernard, formerly chief engineer under Napoleon. Begun in 1829 and completed in 1847, the Fort was constructed principally under Lt. J. F. K. Mansfield. There Lt. Robert E. Lee saw his first service after graduation from West Point.
Fort Pulaski was never garrisoned until its seizure by Georgia troops in January, 1861, to . . . — Map (db m5037) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — 025-58 — Fort Screven — <------<<<< |
| | The Legislature of Georgia in 1786 passed a law providing for a fort on Cockspur or Tybee Island to be named in honor of General James Screven, Revolutionary War hero. It was never built by the state. In 1808 the Federal government obtained jurisdiction over the property on Tybee Island now known as Fort Screven Reservation. Actual title was acquired in 1875 and the post, established in 1898, was in continuous use from the Spanish-American War through both World Wars. Primarily a Coast . . . — Map (db m22316) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — German Volunteers |
| | Membership Roll
of the
Officers and Privates
of the
German Volunteers
organized in 1845
who left Savannah
on board the Steam Tug Sampson on Wednesday
the 24th of January 1861, to garrison
Fort Pulaski
John H. Stegin, Captain
Anthony Basler, 1st Lieut. • Claus Werner.2nd Lieut.
Chas. A.H. Umbach, Ensign
George L. Lang, Orderly Sergt. • A. Scheideman, 2nd Sergt.
J. Asendorf, 3rd Sergt. • J. Johnson 4th Sergt.
A. Thieme, 1st Corpl. • F. Meinieke, 2nd . . . — Map (db m5050) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — 25-32 — History of Emancipation: — Gen. David Hunter and General Orders No. 7 |
| | On April 13, 1862, following the Union capture of Ft. Pulaski during the Civil War, Maj. Gen. David Hunter issued General Orders No. 7 freeing those enslaved at the fort and on Cockspur Island. Hunter, an abolitionist advocating the enlistment of black soldiers in the Union Army, ordered freedmen subject to military service. Not yet committed to a comprehensive plan of emancipation, President Abraham Lincoln overturned the orders. However, Hunter’s orders were a precursor to Lincoln’s own . . . — Map (db m13830) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — Moat Feeder Canal |
| | In wartime the moat was filled with water
from the South Channel of the Savannah
River. This feeder canal featured stop-lock
gates which provided water control and
access to small barges bringing supplies to
the fort. When filled from this ditch, the
moat formed an effective barrier to hinder
the approach of infantry. — Map (db m13187) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — The Breached Wall — April 10-11, 1862 |
| | " The result of this bombardment must
cause, I am convinced, a change in the
construction of fortification as radical
as that foreshadowed in naval architecture
by the conflict between the Monitor and
Merrimac. No works of stone or brick
can resist the impact of rifled artillery of
heavy caliber"
Major General David Hunter,
Dept. of the South — Map (db m13224) |
| Georgia (Chatham County), Tybee Island — This Memorial Commemorates The Act Of... |
| | This Memorial Commemorates the act of Lieutenant Christopher Hussey Of the Montgomery Guards and Private John Latham of the Washington Volunteers, the first volunteer regiment of the State of Georgia.
While under fire during the bombardment of April 11,1862, they recovered the Confederate Colors which had been shot down and raised the flag on this parapet. Erected by The Savannah Chapter United Daughters Of The Confederacy October 9, 1938 — Map (db m4231) |
| Georgia (Chattahoochee County), Fort Benning — 026-5 — "Riverside" |
| | “Riverside” was built in 1909 by Arthur Bussey, a prominent Columbus, Georgia businessman, and served as a summer home for the Bussey family. The spacious
dwelling was surrounded by one of the last self-supporting plantations in this area. When in 1918 Camp Benning was founded and the Infantry School moved from Fort Sill, Oklahoma, to Columbus, Georgia, “Riverside” became a military quarters. Since that time, this stately commanding residence served as official living . . . — Map (db m14503) |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — 060-172 — Fort McPherson |
| | Named for Maj. Gen. James Birdseye McPherson, U. S. Vol., the Union Commander of the Army of Tenn. during the Battle of Atlanta, this area was used as a state militia drill ground as early as 1835. It housed several temporary Confederate and Union military encampments. The U. S. Army established McPherson Barracks at a site appositely three mi1es n. of here in l867, but abandoned it in 1881. In 1885, the army bought 236 a. along the Georgia Central R. R. and began erecting a permanent post . . . — Map (db m16964) |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — 060-61 — Fort Peach Tree |
| | With Creek Indians as British allies & Cherokees loyal to U.S., in War of 1812, it was expedient to locate a fort at Standing Peach Tree on the Chattahoochee - the boundary line. Lt. Geo. Gilmer (later, twice Gov. of Georgia) was sent here (1814) with a small force to erect a fort & protect workmen building flat boats for shipping supplies to Ft. Mitchell. Lt. Gilmer's fort was built on the knoll N. of & at mouth of Peachtree Cr. J. McC. Montgomery, Supt. of Artificers, set up the boat-yard in . . . — Map (db m22091) |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — 060-99B — Georgia Institute of Technology |
| | Established by Act of the General Assembly Oct. 13, 1885; site selected Oct. 20, 1886.
Administration Building erected, 1887.
First session, Oct. 7, 1888.
In July, August, 1864, this site was occupied by one of a series of forts connected by rifle-pits which 12 mi. in extent, encircled Atlanta. During siege operations the city was defended by Gen. Hood’s Army of Tennessee.
Opposing this sector were the 4th and 20th Corps of the Federal Army of the Cumberland posted in the area . . . — Map (db m15839) |
| Georgia (Glynn County), Brunswick — 063-1 — Mark Carr |
| | Brunswick`s first settler came to Georgia in 1738 with Oglethorpe`s regiment. He was granted 500 acres at this place, on which he established his plantation.
Several tabby buildings erected by him stood nearby and a military outpost was maintained here.
In 1741 Indians from Florida raided his plantation, causing 750 pounds damage. The Indians killed or wounded some of the soldiers, while others were taken prisoners. — Map (db m12429) |
| Georgia (Glynn County), St Simons Island — Fort St Simons |
| | Was erected on this site in 1736 by British Forces under Oglethorpe. During the Spanish invasion of 1742 the English abandoned this fort which the Spaniards then occupied as their headquarters.
W.P.A. D.A.C. 1936 — Map (db m12183) |
| Georgia (Glynn County), St Simons Island — Pike's Bluff |
| | In circa 1740, James Oglethorpe established a watch house west of here on the bank of the Frederica River. In 1745, Edward Kimber described this site as a place "from whence they can see Vessels a great Way to the Northward" and it served as a lookout for Fort Frederica. A corporal's guard was stationed at the watch house under the charge of Richard Pike, an indentured servent who had been maimed in public service. Pike and his wife, the daughter of a freeholder at Fort Frederica, lived on this . . . — Map (db m12555) |
| Georgia (Glynn County), St. Simons Island — 063-39 — Delegal's Fort |
| | The first fortification built by the British on the South End of St. Simons Island was erected near this site in April, 1736, by soldiers of the South Carolina Independent Company under the command of Lieutenant Philip Delegal. Before coming to St. Simons these soldiers had been stationed at Fort Frederica near Port Royal, South Carolina. The fortification erected here, known as "Delegal`s Fort at Sea Point", commanded the entrance to the harbor, being located "so that all ships... must pass . . . — Map (db m12167) |
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