| Ireland, Connacht (County Galway), Inishmore, Aran Islands — Welcome to Port Corrúch Seal Colony — Failte go Port Corrúch |
| | Welcome to Port Corrúch Seal Colony
[First part of the marker is about the seal colony along the coastline and is not transcribed]
As you look across the North Sound you can see the Coast of Connemare and the Twelve pins of Connemara. Near by the factory ruins represents an out post of Victorian industianlism [sic] in the 19th Century. One of the earliest attempts to mechanige [sic] the kelp industry was sited just here for the topography of the area makes this Aran's most favoured . . . — Map (db m22928) |
| Ireland, Leinster (County Dublin), Dublin — Dublin Millenium Literary Parade — 988 - 1988 — Dublin Corporate Parks Dept. |
| | One of Dublin's major contributions to European civilisation has been in the area of literature. It is remarkable that so many writers of world renown were born here including three winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature. This Literary Parade honours some of our distinguished sons of literature.
St. Patrick's Park has been restored thanks to the generosity of Jameson Irish Whiskey, and the Publicans of Dublin. — Map (db m22472) |
| Ireland, Munster (County Kerry), Dunquin — The Blaskets |
| | This group, the most westerly off the Irish coast, comprises 7 sizeable islands and isolated rocks spread in a line west by south over 2½ miles of the Atlantic, the largest (Great Blasket) 2 miles off shore.
Antiquities of the early Christian period include oratories, crosses and “beehive” cells on Inis Mhicileáin and Inis Tuaisceart, and church ruins on the Great Blasket.
The economy of the islands, based mainly on fishing with some farming, in 1839 supported 13 . . . — Map (db m24096) |
| Ireland, Munster (County Kerry), Listowel — "River Fort" |
| | This sculpture was designed by
local councillor and craftsman
Tony O'Callaghan
The “Standing Stone” illustrates
the River Feale
which flows around our town.
The “Ring” depicts an earthen fort
situated in the vicinity of the town
from which the town got its name
Lios Tuathail (Listowel).
— Map (db m23989) |
| Arizona (Cochise County), Bowie — 086-352 — Old Fort Bowie — Guardian of Apache Pass |
| | Established 1862 following the battle of Apache Pass, largest conflict in Arizona Indian Wars. Massed Apaches under Cochise and Mancas Coloradas were routed by howitzers fired by California volunteers attacked in the pass. Fort Bowie overlooked only spring for miles. — Map (db m6994) |
| Arkansas (Clay County), St. Francis — Chalk Bluff |
| | Named for the white clay which resembles chalk, this magnificent bluff is one of the most important historical landmarks in Arkansas. At this point the St. Francis River cuts through Crowley's Ridge from west to east and forms the boundary between Arkansas and Missouri. In 1857 David Dale Owen began the first geological survey of the state here. — Map (db m18136) |
| California (Alpine County), Kirkwood — Caples Lake |
| | In 1849 Dr. James Caples passed through here on his way to California’s gold country.
After a brief stay in Old Hangtown (Placerville) Caples remembered the lake and returned here with his family to establish a way station that served weary travelers for thirty years.
The lake known variously as Summit Lake, Clear Lake, and Twin Lakes, is two miles long and has a surface area of 600 acres.
Dedicated by the Historical Society of Alpine County. — Map (db m11048) |
| California (Alpine County), Markleeville — Beautiful Hot Springs Valley — draws people now as it has for thousands of years |
| | Summer after summer the Washoe Indian people visited the valley. Eventually their idyllic retreat was discovered.
During the winter of 1844 Captain John Fremont may have seen this place during his crossing of the Sierra. Fremont’s diary of his crossing west over the Sierra has been interpreted by some historians with his route passing through Hot Springs Valley.
Just ten years later John Hawkins, the first white settler in the valley, began his cattle ranch here. His ranch house was . . . — Map (db m11001) |
| California (Alpine County), Markleeville — Grover Hot Springs |
| | Telltale signs of geologic activity surround Grover Hot Springs State Park. Bold granite peaks to the northwest are the work of immense mountain building forces. Old lava flows cover hundreds of square miles to the east, giving the Markleeville area its distinctly volcanic appearance. Ice Age glaciers carved this valley into the rugged form that visitors admire today.
The hot-springs here are a by-product of similar processes – the interplay of rock and fire and ice. Water melted from . . . — Map (db m13239) |
| California (Amador County), Volcano — Volcano Masonic Cave |
| | In Memory of the Bryant Brothers
Clemens E. Bryant, Thomas L. Bryant,
Roy Bryant and Walter F. Bryant
Whose surviving relatives deeded this property
to Volcano Lodge No. 56 F. & A. M. on June 20, 1962.
Our pioneer brethren held five meetings in this
cave in 1853 when they were organizing the
Volcano Masonic Lodge.
Dedicated May 6, 1967 — Map (db m15824) |
| California (Calaveras County), Murphys — Mercer Caverns |
| | Discovered September 1, 1885, by Walter J. Mercer. Resting at this site and noticing movement of grass near a small hole. Enlarging the opening, he ascended into extensive caverns containing varieties of fantastic crystalline formations. The public tours began September 12, 1885.
In 1900, a display of the rare Aragonite Flos Ferri was awarded the Grand Prize at the Paris World's Fair.
Recognized by the State of California as a Point of Historical Interest on August 2, 1985. — Map (db m16017) |
| California (Mono County), Mammoth Lakes — Convict Lake |
| | Convict Lake and Creek are so named as the result of an encounter here September 17, 1871, between Robert Morrison, Benton Merchant and member of a posse of citizens, and three convicts who had escaped from the Carson City, Nevada, State Penitentiary. Morrison encountered the convicts on present Convict Creek, then known as Monte Diablo Creek. Morrison was killed and the convicts escaped. Other members of the posse captured the fugitives in Round Valley. They were taken to Bishop where two of . . . — Map (db m19879) |
| California (Monterey County), Carmel — Lone Cypress — Perched over the Pacific for Hundreds of Years |
| | Even though Monterey cypress trees prefer this area's rugged bare granite headlands, the Lone Cypress is a testament to the hardiness of these trees. It has withstood Pacific storms and winds for roughly 250 years. Fences and cables now offer added protection in the hopes it will live to be 300.
Due to Samuel F.B. Morse, the preservation-minded founder of Pebble Beach, the Del Monte Forest now consists of nature trails and reserves, spectacular 17 Mile Drive, resorts and golf courses, and . . . — Map (db m8476) |
| California (Sacramento County), Gold River — The Treasured American River |
| | The river before you is not the same river that flowed through here 200 years ago when the Nisenan Indians caught salmon and collected acorns along its bank. The river has been mined, dammed and surrounded by our cities, yet it still supports healthy runs of Chinook salmon and steelhead. The American River remains a vital part of our region and its protection is in your hands. — Map (db m15836) |
| California (San Benito County), San Juan Bautista — The San Andreas Fault Exhibit & El Camino Real Earthquake Walk |
| | In Celebration of the
U.S.Geological Survey's Centennial
1879 - 1979
Dedicated July 4, 1979
by
SAN JUAN BAUTISTA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
In Cooperation With
Old Mission San Juan Bautista-Diocese of Monterey,
U.S.Geological Survey-Department of the Interior,
California State Historical Park-San Juan Bautista
and the Citizens of San Juan Bautista, California — Map (db m15340) |
| California (San Mateo County), Milbrae — The San Andreas Fault |
| | The San Andreas Fault is the largest earthquake fault in North America. It passes through this point and alongside the tip of the small peninsula straight ahead.
In this area, during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the west side of the fault moved nine feet northwestward. — Map (db m17165) |
| California (Shasta County), Burney — Burney Falls |
| | Burney Falls
has been dedicated a
National Natural Landmark.
This site possesses exceptional value as an illustration of the nation's natural heritage and contributes to a better understanding of man's environment. — Map (db m546) |
| California (Siskiyou County), Tule Lake — Petroglyph Point |
| | For thousands of years, the hill rising in front of you was an island. Ancient Lake Modoc lapped against its base, scouring cliffs. Later, Native Americans canoed to these cliffs to carve symbols in the soft volcanic tuff, and Modocs still tell of Kamookumpts, creator of the world, who sleeps here.
As you walk along the base of the of the cliff a trail brochure will guide you past petroglyphs and through stories of Petroglyph Point and the native peoples who have gone before and continue today. — Map (db m13736) |
| California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — Trails and Waterfalls |
| | Within this 459-square-mile Hetch Hetchy watershed are 287 miles of trails, including a portion of the Pacific Crest Trail. They offer views of an abundance of flora and fauna, along with breathtaking scenery.
Upstream from the dam to your left, depending on the season, you can see the Tueeulala and Wapama falls which plunge more than 1,000 feet from the top of the cliffs into Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. They are fullest from late spring to early or mid summer. Tueeulala, which dries to a . . . — Map (db m1943) |
| California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — Water Quality at Hetch Hetchy |
| | The Tuolumne River supplies 85% of the water for 2.4 million people. It originates from pristine spring snowmelt as far upstream as Mt. Lyell at an elevation of 13,114 feet.
The City and County of San Francisco protects the resources entrusted to its care by continuously monitoring this watershed and working with the park to minimize pollution.
Natural occurrences such as fire and erosion can affect water quality. More than 1,000 water samples are taken annually to protect the water . . . — Map (db m1942) |
| California (Tuolumne County), Jamestown — 431 — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail — Jamestown (Also Called Jimtown) |
| | Known as gateway of Mother Lode and to southern mines, gold first discovered in Tuolumne County west of this point at Woods Creek by James Woods shortly before town was founded by Col. George James, August 8, 1848. Large quantities of gold recovered from streambeds and gulches during “Gold Rush.” Surrounded by famous mines from which millions were extracted in later years. First mercantile business in Southern mines said to have been in Butterfield Building, built in 1850, still standing (1948). — Map (db m2304) |
| Colorado (Douglas County), Larkspur — Southwest Rises The Summit of Pikes Peak |
| | This mountain, 14,110 feet above the sea and the most celebrated peak in America, is named for the explorer, Capt. Zubulon M. Pike, who saw it first in 1806. He attempted to climb it, failed and reported it unclimbable. Ascended in 1820 by Dr. Edwin James, a later explorer. A cog railway reached the summit in 1890 and a highway, in 1915. Motor races up the peak are held annually. The resort city of Colorado Springs, founded 1871, nestles at its foot where the first town called Colorado stood . . . — Map (db m4846) |
| Colorado (El Paso County), Cascade — The Continental Divide |
| | The Rocky Mountains are the longest chain of mountains in the world. They divide the United States watershed between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Colorado has 53 peaks over 14,000 feet. One inch on the Horizon equals about 38 miles. — Map (db m4838) |
| Colorado (Fremont County), Cañon City — Royal Gorge |
| | Lt. Zubulon M. Pike and his men, who traveled through this area in November and December 1806, were the first American explorers to view the Arkansas River Canyon now known as the Royal Gorge. A small party from the Maj. Stephen H. Long expedition visited the mouth of the canyon in 1820, as did members of Lt. John C. Fremont's expedition in 1845.
In 1878 a right of way through Royal Gorge became the focal point of a bitter struggle between The Denver and Rio Grande and the Atchison, Topeka . . . — Map (db m4329) |
| Connecticut (Litchfield County), New Milford — Lover’s Leap State Park |
| | Highlights of Lover’s Leap State Park
New Milford, CT
Lover’s Leap State Park is located in southern New Milford. The Housatonic River flows through the park and forms the headwaters of Lake Lillinonah. This historic 140 acre park began in 1971 when Catherine Hurd bequeathed her 52 acre estate to the State of Connecticut for use as a ‘public park.’ In 2001, the Connecticut Light & Power Company sold 86 adjoining acres to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, with the . . . — Map (db m22739) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Delaware City — Pea Patch Island |
| | Fort Delaware is located on Pea Patch Island in the Delaware River. The island is sometimes said to have gotten its name from a boat loaded with peas that ran aground on a mud shoal in the 1770s. The spilled peas sprouted, mud caught in the vines, and so the island grew. In 1794, the island appeared on a map from the first time. During the Civil War, Pea Patch Island was only about 75 acres in size (compared with almost 300 acres today). Earth dredged up from the river was dumped onto the . . . — Map (db m21589) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Newark — Historic Iron Ore Mining |
| | What is iron ore? Iron is a silvery-white, solid metal, though when found in Pencader Hundred, it commonly appears as a brown and sometimes nearly black oxide of iron. Its chemical symbol Fe, is derived from ferrum, the Latin word for iron. By volume, iron is the most abundant element, making up 34.6% of the earth. In Pencader Hundred, a medium to low grade of iron ore was mined from open pits on Iron Hill and Chestnut Hill. How was it made into iron? To refine iron ore it is . . . — Map (db m10705) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Newark — In the Beginning — Formation of the Delmarva Peninsula |
| | Left Column Delaware is the second smallest state in the country. However, we played an important role in the formation of the nation. Caesar Rodney rode from Lewes to Philadelphia to cast the deciding vote for independence in 1776. We were the first state to ratify the Constitution in 1787. Piedmont Rocks(Crystaline Rocks): Metamorphosed (changed by pressure and heat) sedimentary rocks of the ancient North American Continent and adjacent ocean basin. Wilmington . . . — Map (db m10867) |
| Delaware (New Castle County), Wilmington — NC-85 — Ebright Azimuth |
| | The highest benchmark monument in Delaware is located on Ebright Road. This horizontal control mark denotes an elevation of 447.85 feet above sea level. The Delaware Geological Society through its relationship with the National Geodetic Survey has determined that this benchmark monument is in the vicinity of the hightest natural elevation in the state. — Map (db m2893) |
| District of Columbia (Washington), Tenleytown — Fort Reno — Civil War Defenses of Washington — 1861-1865 |
| | No visible evidence remains of Fort Reno, which stood at the top of this hill, the highest elevation in Washington, D.C.
[drawing of Fort Reno] Fort Reno from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers drawing. Cannon mounted at Fort Reno helped repulse a Confederate attack on Fort Stevens, July 11-12, 1864.
[map of northern DC] Other Civil War fort locations administered by Rock Creek Park.
[photo of unnamed Washington fort] During the Civil War, Washington's forts overlooked farm land. — Map (db m20629) |
| Florida (Hamilton County), White Springs — F-24 — White Springs |
| | These sulphur springs were thought to have medicinal properties and were considered sacred by the Indians. Warriors wounded in battle reputedly were not attacked when they came here to recuperate. Settlers moved into the vicinity in 1826 and the springs became an ante bellum resort noted for natural beauty and good cuisine. The village was a refuge during the War Between the States and many planters brought their families and slaves here for safety. — Map (db m13675) |
| Florida (Hillsborough County), Thonotosassa — John B. Sargeant, Sr. — May 29, 1915 - March 6, 1989 |
| | John B. Sargeant is remembered as a "gentle" man who generously gave of his time so that future generations could enjoy the lands preserved here. A Polk County dairyman, he served twenty-seven years on the Hillsborough River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District. — Map (db m13678) |
| Florida (Levy County), Cedar Key — F-303 — John Muir at Cedar Key |
| | John Muir, noted naturalist and conservation leader, spent several months in Florida in 1867. He arrived at Cedar Key in October, seven weeks after setting out from Indiana on a "thousand-mile walk to the Gulf." Muir's journal account of his adventure, which was published in 1916, two years after his death, includes interesting glimpses of the quality of life in the post-Civil War south. "The traces of war," he wrote, "are not only apparent on the broken fields, mills, and woods ruthlessly . . . — Map (db m17705) |
| Florida (Marion County), Dunellon — Rainbow Springs |
| | Rainbow Springs has been designated a registered natural landmark
Under the provisions of the historic sites act of August 21, 1935
This site possesses exceptional value in illustrating the natural history of the United States
U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service
1972 — Map (db m13618) |
| Florida (Orange County), Maitland — Fort Maitland / Maitland / Lake Maitland — 1838 — Directly east of this highway |
| | Fort Maitland
was built in November 1838 by Lt. Col. Alexander C. W. Fanning, U.S.A. (1788-1848) on the military road connecting Fort Melon (Sanford) with Fort Gatlin (Orlando) and used as a stockade in the war between the United States and the Seminole Indians. The fort was named in honor of William Seton Maitland (1798-1837), a native of New York, a graduate of West Point whom President Andrew Jackson commissioned Brevet Captain for gallantry and good conduct at Withlacoochee 31 December . . . — Map (db m7452) |
| Florida (Taylor County), Hampton Springs — F-606 — Hampton Springs Hotel |
| | The Hampton Springs Hotel was built in 1908 and was destroyed by fire in 1954. The hotel was world renowned for its sulphur springs and baths known for their healing and medicinal powers. The luxurious hotel boasted lush gardens with elaborate fountains and planters. The resort had a covered pool with foot baths fed by the springs, a golf course, tennis courts, stables, casino, grand ballroom, outdoor dance pavilion, and railroad depot. The nine-hole golf course was among the first in the . . . — Map (db m17720) |
| Georgia (Brantley County), Hoboken — 84 B-7 — Trail Ridge |
| | This ridge, interrupted only by major streams, extends south from the Altamaha River in Georgia to the Santa Fe River in Florida, a distance of 130 miles. It is an ancient barrier beach formerly many miles off-shore in the sea which covered this area during the Pleistocene, or last Ice Age. The top of the ridge is now about 160 feet above sea level and formed a natural trail way for the Indians and early white settlers through the coastal lowlands. — Map (db m12423) |
| Georgia (Burke County), Waynesboro — 25 B-4 — Shell Bluff |
| | Shell Bluff on the Savannah River 15 miles northeast has been famous since Indian days because of its outcrops of fossil shells including those of giant
oysters. These lived in the Eocene sea that covered this part of Georgia some 50 million years ago. Shell Bluff has been visited and described by many famous travelers and geologists including Bartram in 1791, Vanuxem in 1828, Conrad in 1834, and Sir Charles Lyell in 1842. — Map (db m13134) |
| Georgia (Butts County), Jackson — Indian Spring |
| | The wonderful healing powers of the waters of Indian Spring were known to the Indians before the pioneers blazed the trail of civilization in Georgia. Such were their belief and confidence in the medicinal virtues of the waters that they came with their sick and invalid and tented on the hill-sides, that the afflicted might drink of the life-giving stream, and be restored to health. — Map (db m404) |
| Georgia (Catoosa County), Ringgold — 023-1 — Catoosa County |
| | Created December 5, 1853, the county has an Indian name. Ringgold bears the name of Major Samuel Ringgold, who died of wounds received at the Mexican War battle of Palo Alto in 1846. Taylor’s Ridge, visible for miles, is named for the Indian chief Richard Taylor. Catoosa Springs, four miles to the east, and Gordon Springs, ten miles south, were colorful ante-bellum summer resorts.
The bloody Chickamauga battle was fought seven miles to the west, the battlefield now being a National Military Park. — Map (db m19268) |
| Georgia (Catoosa County), Ringgold — 023-2 — Nickajack Gap |
| | The road E. ascends Taylor’s Ridge & via Nickajack Gap, crosses E. Chickamauga Cr. Valley. May 7, 1864. Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick’s (3d) Div., Elliott’s Cav. Corps (Army of the Cumberland) [US], moving from Ringgold, crossed Taylor’s Ridge at Nickajack Gap, followed by Williams’ (1st) Div., 20th Corps. The 2d & 3d Divs. crossed the ridge 4.5 mi. S. at Gordon Springs Gap, the same day. Kilpatrick’s Cav. masked the advance of the 20th A.C. into E. Chickamauga Valley, enroute to Mill Cr. Gap . . . — Map (db m19394) |
| Georgia (Clinch County), Fargo — 032-3 — Okefenokee Swamp — 10 mi. → |
| | Okefenokee, “Land of the Trembling Earth”, was named by its early inhabitants, the Seminole Indians. Acquired by the Federal Government in 1937 for a national wildlife refuge, its more than 600 square miles make it the largest preserved swampland in the country. Fed by rain, small streams and springs, the swamp is 110 to 130 feet above sea level. The pure fresh water of the Okefenokee forms the headwaters of the St. Marys and Suwanee Rivers. The St. Marys flows into the Atlantic . . . — Map (db m14657) |
| Georgia (Dawson County), Dawsonville — 042-2 — The Appalachian Trail |
| | Here begins the approach trail to Springer Mountain, the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail, a continuous footpath extending more than 2,000 miles to Mt. Katahdin, Maine. The Appalachian Trail was conceived by Benton MacKaye, forester, philosopher, dreamer, who in 1921 envisioned a footpath along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. The Trail is maintained by volunteer hiking clubs, the U.S. Forest Service, coordinated through the Appalachian Trail Conference.
”Remote for . . . — Map (db m23262) |
| Georgia (Glynn County), St Simons Island — 063-13 — Gascoigne Bluff |
| | Throughout the ages Gascoigne Bluff has been the gateway to St. Simons Island. An Indian village was located here. Capt. James Gascoigne of HM Sloop-of-was, HAWK, which convoyed the Frederica settlers on their voyage across the Atlantic in 1736, established headquarters for Georgia`s naval forces and had his plantation here. In the invasion of 1742 the Spaniards landed at this Bluff.
Live oak timbers for the building of USS CONSTITUTION, better known as "OLD IRONSIDES." and the other vessels . . . — Map (db m13415) |
| Georgia (Greene County), Union Point — Great Buffalo Lick |
| | This site is described in the treaty signed by the Creek and Cherokee Indians at Augusta, Georgia, in 1773. Here began the survey of the ceded lands. — Map (db m15712) |
| Georgia (Habersham County), Cornelia — 068-2 — Indian War Trail |
| | This highway runs along the divide between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. On the south the waters run into the Broad and Savannah rivers to the Atlantic Ocean. Waters on the north run into Chattahoochee and Apalachicola rivers and the Gulf of Mexico. This divide was formerly the boundary line between the Cherokee and Creek Nations and along this ridge ran the Indian War Trail from Cherokee settlements on the Upper Tugalo to what is now Atlanta. A branch went southeast into the . . . — Map (db m21065) |
| Georgia (Harris County), Pine Mountain — 072-7 — “This Was His Georgia” |
| | During the 21 years (1924–1945) in which he was a constant visitor to Warm Springs, GA., Franklin D. Roosevelt became familiar with the scenic beauties of field & forest in the environs. The splendid isolation of Dowdell’s Knob, with its vista of valley & cloud-land, was his favorite resort for recreation — an item of which was the outdoor fireplace, a monument to his further pleasure in the Georgia scene.
One of his last days was marked by a visit here in the glad April, . . . — Map (db m22306) |
| Georgia (Harris County), Pine Mountain — 072-6 — Dowdell's Knob — <------<<<< |
| | The road extending one mile south traverses a spur which projects into Pine Mountain Valley and terminates in a knob 1395 feet elevation above sea level overlooking a spectacular spread of the valley floor. The knob was named for two pioneer Harris County settlers, Lewis & James Dowdell of Virginia ancestry who settled here in 1828. While sojourning at The Little White House near Warm Springs, Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32d President of the United States, found momentary rest and relaxation . . . — Map (db m22013) |
| Georgia (Harris County), Pine Mountain — 072-8 — Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Bridge |
| | Pine Mountain Scenic Highway & this bridge, spanning historic King’s Gap, are living monuments to President Roosevelt’s abiding interest in the natural features of Warm Springs’ environs. He, personally, selected the location of this road atop Pine Mtn. & with Federal funds available, forwarded construction.
King’s Gap, a natural break in the Pine Mtn. barrier, was the site of an early settlement on the stage route between Newnan & Columbus. King’s Gap Post Office functioned from May 16, . . . — Map (db m22020) |
| Georgia (Harris County), Pine Mountain — 072-7 — This Was His Georgia |
| | Franklin D. Roosevelt was a frequent visitor (41 trips) to Warm Springs from 1924-1945. Dowdell’s Knob was one of his favorite spots for both quiet contemplation and picnics. F.D.R. visited this spot overlooking Pine Mountain Valley as a private citizen, as governor of New York and as 32nd president of the U.S. He wanted more people to visit the area and urged the building of the scenic highway across Pine Mt. and the construction of the spur here (1937). President Roosevelt had the grill . . . — Map (db m21998) |
| Georgia (Meriwether County), Woodbury — 18 F-2 — The Cove Gorges of the Flint |
| | Pine Mountain to the south makes a complete loop forming a beautiful basin 4 miles in diameter known as `The Cove.` It is joined on the south by Oak Mountain, another hard quartz ridge. Flint River has avoided an easier course on either side and has chosen this spot where it had to cut through four ridges, instead of two, forming picturesque rocky gorges. — Map (db m9053) |
| Georgia (Morgan County), Madison — The Town Spring |
| | Civil Engineer R.B. Tufts noted on the 1897 Morgan County map that "The Public Spring . . . which for all these years has been sending forth a bold, steady stream of pure, cold water, was the cause of establishing the Court House and the public buildings, and consequently the town, at this place."
James Cunningham and Tallifero Finney each submitted springs for siting the new community. Cunningham's "round bowl spring of clear pure water" was selected. Preservation of public springs . . . — Map (db m20844) |
| Georgia (Union County), Blairsville — 144-3 — Blood Mountain |
| | Blood Mountain, elevation 4458 ft. Chattahoochee National Forest. In Cherokee mythology the mountain was one of the homes of the Nunnehi or Immortals, the “People Who Live Anywhere,” a race of Spirit People who lived in great townhouses in the highlands of the old Cherokee Country. One of these mythical townhouses stood near Lake Trahlyta. As a friendly people they often brought lost hunters and wanderers to their townhouses for rest and care before guiding them back to their homes. . . . — Map (db m3259) |
| Georgia (Union County), Young Harris — US 76 C-2 — Brasstown Bald |
| | The high rounded peak to the south with lookout tower is Brasstown Bald or Mount Enotah, the highest mountain in Georgia 4,748 feet above sea level. Its Indian name, Itseyi, means “place of fresh green” and refers to its grassy instead of timbered summit, as
does the name "Bald". The first white settlers mistook this name for the similar one meaning “brass”. A Forest Service road leads to a picnic area near the summit. — Map (db m14151) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-3 — Walker County |
| | Created December 18, 1833, and named for Major Freeman Walker of Augusta, prominent attorney and United States Senator. Here the fierce Chickamaugas preyed upon pioneers, and were in turn defeated and driven away; here Federals and Confederates locked in combat in 1863. Lookout Mountain and its spur Pigeon Mountain on the West, Taylor's and Dick's Ridges on the east of the county provide spectacular scenery. Rich coal and iron deposits abound; between the mountains lie fertile valleys. — Map (db m13168) |
| Georgia (Warren County), Jewells Mill — 149-5 — Beall Springs |
| | Beall Springs has faithfully produced chalybeate (ka-Iib-e-at) water for centuries. Chalybeate water is characterized as water containing iron salts. In
addition to iron, Beall Spring water contains nine other minerals.
First frequented by Indians who used the water for curative purposes the springs were ceded to the state in 1773. After cession the land was acquired by the Beall family who allowed public access. The springs have been in continuous public use ever since.
In the . . . — Map (db m14663) |
| Georgia (Warren County), Jewells Mill — 149-4 — Shoals on the Ogeechee |
| | First called Lexington, Shoals was the site of what was probably the first woolen mill and iron foundry in Georgia. In 1794, Col. William Bird, Revolutionary soldier from Pennsylvania, and Benjamin A. Hamp bought several thousand acres of land including the shoals, a natural site for a dam, where they built the mill. The race was made by alternately burning pine logs on the granite and pouring cold water over it so the stone would split off. Hamp soon sold his share in “Bird & Hamp” . . . — Map (db m14849) |
| Georgia (White County), Helen — 154-10 — Nacoochee Valley — Valley of the Evening Star |
| | This valley has long fascinated travelers, writers and artists. It was farmed for centuries by Indians and white men alike. The valley was devastated by Spanish and American gold hunters and timbermen and has been carefully nurtured by prosperous summer residents and progressive farmers. The valley is watered by Sautee and Duke`s Creeks and the Chattahoochee River. These streams formed the rich alluvial soils, laced the soils with placer gold, and powered small industries. Longtime residents . . . — Map (db m9977) |
| Georgia (Whitfield County), Rocky Face — 155-13 — Mill Creek Gap |
| | Otherwise known as Buzzard Roost. This natural gateway through Rock Face Ridge, was heavily fortified by Confederate forces at Dalton, after their
retreat from Missionary Ridge.
February 25, 1864, the Federal 14th A.C., Dept. of the Cumberland, moving by Tunnel Hill, attempted to seize the gap, but were driven back by Stewart’s &
Breckinridge’s divs. At the same time, the gap was assailed from Crow Valley, E. of Rocky Face, by Cruft’s & Baird’s divs., which was repulsed by Hindman’s A.C. . . . — Map (db m11069) |
| Georgia (Whitfield County), Rocky Face — 155-13 — Mill Creek Gap |
| | Otherwise known as Buzzard Roost. This natural gateway through Rock Face Ridge was heavily fortified by Confederate forces at Dalton after their
retreat from Missionary Ridge. February 25, 1864, the Federal 14th A.C., Dept. of the Cumberland, moving by Tunnel Hill, attempted to seize the gap, but were driven back by Stewart’s & Breckinridge’s divs. At the same time, the gap was assailed from Crow Valley, E. of Rocky Face, by Cruft’s & Baird’s divs., which was repulsed by Hindman’s A.C. These . . . — Map (db m11072) |
| Hawaii (Hawaii County), Naalehu — 66000291 — South Point Complex |
| | South Point Complex has been designated a Registered National Historic Landmark under the provisions of the Historical Sites act of August 21st 1935. This site possesses exceptional value in commemorating and illustrating the history of United States.
U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service
1964 — Map (db m2314) |
| Hawaii (Kauai County), Poipu — 8 — Makawehi & Pā‘ā Dunes — Kōloa Heritage Trail — Ka Ala Hele Waiwai Ho‘olina o Kōloa — Preserving the Heritage of Po‘ipū & Kōloa |
| | The eastern sand dunes of Makawehi, calm face, and Pā‘ā, hard rock, yield fossilized plant roots, bird bones, crab claws and other treasures. Prior to extensive wave erosion, this prominent limestone ridge extended across Keoneloa Bay. During March through November, water birds visit and sea birds nest and roost in the dunes. — Map (db m12859) |
| Hawaii (Kauai County), Poipu — 9 — Pu‘uwanawana Volcanic Cone — Kōloa Heritage Trail — Ka Ala Hele Waiwai Ho‘olina o Kōloa — Preserving the Heritage of Po‘ipū & Kōloa |
| | More than 5 million years ago, a hotspot in the earth spewed lava upward to form the volcanic mountain island of Kaua‘i. Nearby Hā‘upu Ridge and Mountain contain some of the oldest geologic formations. Look for the youngest volcanic cones, such as Pu‘uwananana, within view. Weathered volcanic material produced rich agricultural plains. — Map (db m12864) |
| Hawaii (Kauai County), Poipu — 1 — Spouting Horn Park — Kōloa Heritage Trail — Ka Ala Hele Waiwai Ho‘olina o Kōloa — Preserving the Heritage of Po‘ipū & Kōloa |
| | Spouting Horn Park was called puhi, or blowhole, by early Hawaiians. Legends tell of a huge mo‘o, or lizard, caught in this puhi, which was formed when waves eroded softer, underlying rocks and wore through the harder top rock. Water rushing into the hole is forced through the narrow opening and shoots skyward. — Map (db m12764) |
| Idaho (Payette County), Fruitland — 263 — Snake River |
| | The valley of the Snake, historic passage from the Midwest to the Northwest, has been a primary route for travel since the days of Indians and fur traders.
The Oregon Trail forded the river at Old Fort Boise, the Hudson's Bay Company 12 miles upstream. Many a famous early westerner saw the valley you now see - though the look of the land has changed since white settlement brought irrigated farms. Today the river provides both irrigation and power along its thousand-mile course from the . . . — Map (db m23195) |
| Indiana (Allen County), Fort Wayne — Early Effort To Build A Park |
| | Around the turn of the century, the nationwide “City Beautiful” movement found local expression through the efforts of Charles Mulford Robinson and nationallly known landscape architect George Kessler. Seeking to reclaim the natural beauty of our rivers, Mr. Kessler incorporated them into a sweeping plan of riverside drives and parks that would bring the Indiana landscape into the heart of the city. Proposed in a report presented to the City's Park Board just days before the . . . — Map (db m17034) |
| Indiana (Allen County), Fort Wayne — First Americans |
| | The confluence area of the Three Rivers was known to the native people since as early as the end of the last Ice Age, more than 10,000 years ago. As the glaciers melted and receded, they paused here creating a high point in the topography of the land. Early native people followed the edge of the glacier taking advantage of the food sources it provided, such as vegetation and wild game. The St. Mary's and St. Joseph Rivers join a few hundred yards east of this point and form the Maumee River . . . — Map (db m17064) |
| Indiana (Allen County), Fort Wayne — Headwaters Park |
| | Architect Eric R. Kuhne was commissioned to design a flood control plan that would provide for a park and premier festival center. It could also serve as a model for flood control in other sections of the country. The Headwaters Park Commission was formed to implement and fund the plan that is now Headwaters Park. Construction to develop approximately thirty acres in the “Thumb” began in 1994 and was completed in 1999. There are approximately twenty acres of parkland that lie in the . . . — Map (db m17037) |
| Indiana (Fountain County), Attica — 23.2003.1 — Ravine Park |
| | American Indians frequented this area, rich in natural resources. The ravine provided water from natural springs, marl for lime, and clay for bricks for nineteenth-century residents of Attica, platted 1825. City became owner of ravine 1906 when local business aand professional men organized to donate fifty-five acres for a public park.
City purchased thirty-five additional acres 1911, adding to eastern end. Park has served as center for social and recreational activities. Attica Chautauqua . . . — Map (db m3311) |
| Indiana (Fountain County), Silverwood — Fulton Township — Lodi Mineral and Artesian Well |
| | Salt discovered by Norbourn Thomas in 1829.
Capacity: 200 bushel of salt every 24 hours.
Depth 1,135 feet - Deepest in the United States at that time.
Artesian water of Medicinal value was discovered.
Became a Health Spa in 1921.
Water bottled and sold in many States.
Recreational area several years after well ceased flowing. — Map (db m20482) |
| Indiana (Kosciusko County), Warsaw — Indiana’s Glacier Lakes |
| | About 14,000 years ago melting blocks of ice from the last, or Wisconsin Glacier, formed the kettle-hole lakes of northern Indiana. The largest lake, Wawasee, and the deepest lake, Tippecanoe, are in Kosciusko County. — Map (db m1627) |
| Indiana (Parke County), Marshall — 61.1968.4 — Turkey Run |
| | Little Ned Garland, son of the first family to settle in Indiana North of the 10 O’clock Line, is said to have named the stream below this cliff because wild turkeys roosted in trees within this chasm. — Map (db m3673) |
| Indiana (Pike County), Petersburg — 63.1966.1 — The Buffalo Trace |
| | Crossed White River at a nearby ford. It was made by migrating buffalo herds. The trace ran from Vincennes to Louisville and was the only through trail in pioneer days. — Map (db m23217) |
| Indiana (Tippecanoe County), Lafayette — 79.1992.1 — Perrin Historic District |
| | Platted in 1873, this district was Lafayette's first planned residential area which conformed to geographic contours. It was developed by James J. Perrin, Margaret Cason Perrin, Edward Asher, and Consider Tinkler. Listed in National Register of Historic Places, 1979. — Map (db m8695) |
| Iowa (Worth County), Northwood — Historic Northern Iowa / Carrie Lane Chapman Catt - (1859 - 1947) |
| | Side A Northern Iowa landforms result from the action of 3 separate glacial ice sheets. Clear Lake, south of here, is one of the many Iowa lakes formed by glacial action. Pilot Knob, a glacially formed hill west of here, is one of highest points in northern Iowa and was used as a landmark by early travellers.
Much of the Western two-thirds of Iowa was prairie when the first settlers arrived. Pioneers in this area travelled through grasses 5 to 7 feet tall. Many of them referred . . . — Map (db m23264) |
| Kansas (Clark County), Ashland — 77 — Big Basin |
| | This marker stands within a geologic feature known as the Big Basin, which is a sinkhole or "sink" about a mile in diameter and more than a hundred feet deep. Although it has the appearance of a valley, it is entirely surrounded by higher ground. Like several other smaller sinks in this section of Kansas, Big Basin was formed thousands of years ago by the dissolving and collapse of massive gypsum and salt formations lying several hundred feet below the surface.
Just beyond the east rim of . . . — Map (db m11565) |
| Kansas (Douglas County), Baldwin City — Black Jack Park |
| | (Main marker):
South of this park are 18 acres of virgin prairie. Purchased 1967 by Douglas County from Russell Hays for a permanent prairie preserve and historic site. Evidence of Santa Fe Trail plainly visible. Original site of D.A.R, marker was near pioneer town of Black Jack ½ mile east. (D.A.R. marker):
Santa Fe Trail 1822 - 1872 marked by the Daughters of the American Revolution and the State of Kansas 1906 — Map (db m20062) |
| Kentucky (Edmonson County), Cave City — 1385 — Sand Cave |
| | Floyd Collins was first to explore Sand Cave. Fallen rock trapped him in narrow passage 150 ft. from entrance, Jan. 30, 1925. Rescuers reached him with food and heat for short time. Aid cut off by shifting earth closing passage. Engineers sank 55-foot shaft but were unable to reach Collins' body until February 16. Rescue attempt publicized worldwide. Aroused sympathy of nation. — Map (db m319) |
| Kentucky (Larue County), Hodgenville — The Sinking Spring |
| | The Thomas Lincoln family obtained its water supply from this spring; the infant child, Abraham, had his earliest drinks of water from this source. When Thomas Lincoln moved here in 1808, the 300-acre farm already was variously known as "Sinking Spring," "Rock Spring," or "Cave Spring" Farm, taking its name from this spring of water. — Map (db m13261) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Restoring Water Quality |
| | After centuries of abuse, the Gwynns Falls is being restored as a healthy stream. Government, civic groups, and scientists monitor water quality here and work together to implement restoration projects. Volunteers pick up trash, plant trees and grasses to stabilize stream banks, promote pollution reduction
initiatives, and conduct environmental programs at schools and along this trail. Major storms have devastating effects on the waterway. Since the colonial era, 70 percent of the watershed's . . . — Map (db m6389) |
| Maryland (Anne Arundel County), Galesville — Valuable Wetlands |
| | The wetlands here are man-made. In 1926, three gasoline storage tanks were built here on concrete slabs. In the 1940s, a brick wall was added which trapped water inside, creating the wetlands. Seasonal in nature, the wetlands here are only wet after a heavy rain.
Wetlands are important to the health of the Chesapeake Bay. They slow down and temporarily store water running into streams, preventing flooding and reducing water pollution. Wetland plants absorb some of the excess water and . . . — Map (db m6205) |
| Maryland (Baltimore County), Middle River — Gunpowder River — So Called as early as 1600 |
| | Legend relates that the name originated with an Indian attempt to plant gunpowder in the hope that a crop could be raised.
Big Gunpowder Falls flows through Baltimore County, joins the Little Gunpowder Falls at Day’s Island to form Gunpowder River. The River empties into the Chesapeake Bay at Carroll Island. — Map (db m2117) |
| Maryland (Calvert County), Lusby — The Cliffs of Calvert |
| | First described in 1608 by Captain John Smith and marked on his map. One of the most unusual natural curiosities in the state. — Map (db m3439) |
| Maryland (Calvert County), Prince Frederick — Battle Creek Cypress Swamp |
| | A Bald Cypress Reserve and amphibian sanctuary. One of the last remaining stands of Bald Cypress in Maryland, and the most northerly growth in the Country. Registered as a National Landmark, 1965. — Map (db m3451) |
| Maryland (Cecil County), Conowingo — Bald Friar Ford & Ferry |
| | Near Pilot, two and one-half miles northwest of this point, lies the site of a Susquehanna fording used by Indians before the coming of the white man. By 1695, a barge provided ferry service to the colonists. The Conowingo Lake now covers the site.
On April 12, 1781, Lafayette moved his troops south by way of this ford, followed by Rochambeau’s Artillery and baggage detachments on September 10 of the same year. — Map (db m1806) |
| Maryland (Dorchester County), Cambridge — Choptank River's Natural History — Melting Glaciers created the Chesapeake Bay |
| | The Chesapeake Bay was once the extended valley of the Susquehanna River, which flowed directly into the ocean near the mouth of the bay. The Bay and all its tributaries were once non-tidal freshwater rivers flowing through valleys in the last ice age 15,000 years ago when sea level was more than 300 feet below the present level. As the climate warmed and glaciers melted, sea level rose and the Susquehanna Valley and other tributaries like the Choptank flooded with mixtures of freshwater and . . . — Map (db m8348) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — White Ash Tree |
| | The tree was a Maryland State Champion White Ash approximately 175 years old when on July 10, 2001 a storm with tornado-like winds took off one of the major limbs and decay was discovered inside the remaining limbs.
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources and the Antietam Tree Company examined the tree and recommended removal due to the tree being structurally unsound and an appreciable hazard to life and property. — Map (db m19025) |
| Maryland (Garrett County), Grantsville — Keyser’s Ridge — Living with Extreme Weather |
| | “I saw the wind blow so hard on Keyser’s Ridge, that it took six men to hold the hair on one man’s head.”
In the early days of the National Road, this stretch was often “snowed up” with drifts up to twenty feet deep. Stagecoaches and freight wagons were stopped here for days at a time. When they could travel, they sometimes left the blocked roadbeds and rolled across the nearby “skirting glades.”
Keyser’s Ridge is no place for the faint . . . — Map (db m514) |
| Maryland (Garrett County), Oakland — Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County |
| | Property of the Youghiogheny Hydro Electric Corporation of the Associated Gas and Electric System. Lake under the supervision of the Conservation Department of Maryland. The following streams flow into the lake: Deep and Cherry Creeks, North and Green Glades, Meadow Mountain, Piney, Poland, Pawn, Gravley, Marsh, Smith and Bull's Arm Runs. — Map (db m58) |
| Maryland (Garrett County), Oakland — Hoye-Crest |
| | Highest point in Maryland: Backbone Mountain, Garrett County, 3360 feet above sea level. Named for Captain Charles E. Hoye, founder of the Garrett County Historical Society. Dedicated September 1, 1952. — Map (db m154) |
| Maryland (Harford County), Darlington — Conowingo |
| | An Indian name meaning “at the falls.” Captain John Smith ascended the Susquehanna River in 1608, to the head of tidewater. He named the first rapids “Smiths Falls.” — Map (db m1240) |
| Maryland (Harford County), Havre de Grace — A Perfect Location |
| | Prior to roads and rails, water was the most significant transportation mode in the growth of our nation's emerging economy. Situated at the juncture of the Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay, the town of Havre de Grace grew and prospered. Blessed with good geography, Havre de Grace was destined to become a hub of local transportation and commercial activity. Old Post Road, also known as Route 7, was the original overland link between Philadelphia and Baltimore. The ferry used to . . . — Map (db m9699) |
| Maryland (Harford County), Havre de Grace — Enjoy the Havre de Grace Promenade |
| | Stroll along our boardwalk, stop and listen to the ducks splashing in the water, feel the bay breeze on your cheek, and search the horizon for boats drifting on the water. — Map (db m9705) |
| Maryland (Harford County), Havre de Grace — Lower Susquehanna Heritage Greenway |
| | Ribbons of green along our shores... The Lower Susquehanna Heritage Greenway connects natural and historical areas along both shores of the Susquehanna River. Havre de Grace is located on the southwest end of this greenway. Discover Havre de Grace Stroll along our streets and enjoy our museums and shops. The City of Havre de Grace has a rich history... In the late 1700s a small town was forming at the junction of the Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay. By 1798 the . . . — Map (db m9704) |
| Maryland (Harford County), Havre de Grace — Susquehanna River/Chesapeake Bay |
| | This marker signifies the point where the beautiful Susquehanna River completes its 444 mile journey to meet the Chesapeake Bay Presented to City of Havre de Grace by the Susquehanna River Basin Commission May 18, 1995 — Map (db m9703) |
| Maryland (Montgomery County), Bethesda — The Linden Oak — - 1976 - |
| |
Known locally as "The Linden Oak," this white oak tree (Quercus alba) is the fourth largest of its species in the state of Maryland and the largest in Montgomery County. How it came to be called "The Linden Oak" is unknown.
Recognized in the Bicentennial year of 1976, this white oak tree is more than 250 years old and was a seedling 25 years before George Washington was born. The tree, a symbol of the state of Maryland, is over 95 feet in height and has a crown spread in excess of 132 . . . — Map (db m22317) |
| Maryland (Montgomery County), Silver Spring — The Silver Spring |
| | The community of Silver Spring derives its name from a mica flecked sparkling spring which existed in the immediate area and is now commemorated in this park. Francis Preston Blair, who came to Maryland from Kentucky to publish a newspaper in support of President Andrew Jackson, found the spring while horseback riding in 1842. Enchanted with the spot, Blair built his summer home, also called "Silver Spring", near this site. The rustic acorn-shaped gazebo is typical of lawn structures dating . . . — Map (db m101) |
| Maryland (Montgomery County), Stronghold — Sugar Loaf Mountain |
| | Has been designated a registered natural landmark under the provisions of the historic sites act of August 21, 1935. This site possesses exceptional value in illustrating the natural history of the United States. — Map (db m1750) |
| Maryland (Prince George's County), College Park — Welcome to the Luther Goldman Birding Trail |
| | The Luther Goldman Birding Trail is dedicated to the memory of Luther Chase Goldman (1909 - 2005), a noted Prince Georges County Resident, field biologist, pioneer national wildlife refuge manager, renowned wildlife photographer, and nature tour leader who became the first official photographer of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service during a career that spanned nearly four decades.
Luther lived in nearby College Park, frequently hiked these trails, and loved to watch birds here. He knew, as . . . — Map (db m7870) |
| Maryland (Prince George's County), Fort Washington — Fort Washington Park |
| | Fort Washington Park is the site of the first permanent fort constructed between 1814-1824 to guard the Potomac River approach to our Nation's Capital. Today the park offers many recreational opportunities and programs. Explore the historic sites and enjoy the natural areas of this 341-acre reserve. — Map (db m4554) |
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