| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Birmingham — A 51 — Battle of Brandywine |
| | The battle ended just southwest of here at nightfall. With Howe and his troops holding the field, Washington’s force withdrew to Chester. Although he was wounded, Lafayette helped to reorganize the retreating troops, and Pulaski’s cavalry protected them from attack. — Map (db m13364) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Coatesville — Brandywine Mansion |
| | Historic Fleming house, purchased by Moses Coates in 1787. Acquired in 1810 by Jesse Kersey and Isaac Pennock, founders of the Brandywine Iron Works. Occupied 1816-1825 by Pennock's son-in-law, Dr. Charles Lukens, whose widow Rebecca continued and expanded the firm's operations following his death. Rebecca Lukens, who lived here until her death in 1854, gained renown for her vision and business capability. — Map (db m8256) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Coatesville — John G. Parke |
| | Born in this vicinity on Sept. 22, 1827, the noted Army Engineer is remembered chiefly for having set the exact boundary between the Oregon Territory and Canada. His survey, begun in 1857, was halted by service in the Civil War and was not completed until 1869. He later became Supt. of West Point. — Map (db m8261) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Coatesville — Lynching of Zachariah Walker |
| | An African American steelworker, Walker was burned to death by a mob near here on August 13, 1911. He was accused of killing Edgar Rice, a white security guard and a former borough policeman. Fifteen local men and teenage boys were indicted for their involvement in Walker's death but were acquitted of all charges. Nationwide outrage led to the NAACP's national anti-lynching campaign and inspired Pennsylvania's 1923 anti-lynching law. — Map (db m14833) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Coatesville — Peter Bezellon |
| | Famed Indian trader and interpreter bought a tract of 500 acres in this area in 1736. This site is a part of the tract. He died in 1742. Bezellon and his wife, Martha, lie buried in St. John's churchyard at Compass, Penna. — Map (db m8259) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Coatesville — Philadelphia & Lancaster Turnpike Road |
| | This was the nations first major toll road, built by a private company incorporated 1792 by the state legislature. Completed two years later and praised as the finest highway of its day, the stone-and-gravel turnpike stretched 62 miles. The 35th milestone out of Philadelphia was placed here. Early in the 20th century, this road was acquired by the state; it became part of the transcontinental Lincoln Highway and U.S. 30. — Map (db m8262) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Coatesville — Whittier C. Atkinson — (1893 - 1991) |
| | Founded Clement Atkinson Memorial Hospital here, 1936, offering quality health care to all despite inability to pay. First African American president of Chester County Medical Society; Pa. Practitioner of the year, 1960. A 1924 graduate of Howard University, he began his Coatesville practice in 1927. — Map (db m8260) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Elverson — Anthracite Furnace — A new ironmaking method |
| |
In 1853, the Hopewell partners built a hot-blast anthracite furnace here. This new furnace did not burn charcoal but used anthracite coal to smelt iron — an attempt to reduce fuel costs and increase iron production.
Hopewell's anthracite furnace operated for less than four years. By 1857, furnace machinery had been removed and was installed on a new furnace on the Schuylkill Canal. This suggests that the cost of hauling coal made the furnace operation uneconomical.
[Photograph . . . — Map (db m23867) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Elverson — Charcoal Kilns — Charring in ovens |
| |
In the mid-1800s, brick ovens or kilns were built here in an attempt to modernize the charcoal-making process. Believed to be economically beneficial, these kilns fired and produced charcoal but proved unsuccessful. Today the only indication of the charcoal kilns are these ruins.
[Illustration caption]
Laborers used iron-toothed rakes to draw hot, newly made charcoal out of the kilns. Workers hauled charcoal to the cooling shed on your left. — Map (db m23868) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Elverson — Charcoal Pit — Making furnace fuel |
| | Throughout surrounding hills are remains of hundreds of pits such as this one in front of you. Workers, or colliers, tended these pits to transform wood into charcoal — a pure carbon fuel.
Colliers ignited stacked wood covered with leaves and dirt to begin making charcoal. It took ten days to two weeks for wood to “come to foot” or char completely. Around the clock, colliers kept a watchful eye on smoldering pits to prevent an open flame from igniting and ruining the . . . — Map (db m23977) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Elverson — Cooling Shed — Hauling and cooling charcoal |
| | Teamsters drove wagonloads of hot, newly made charcoal to this cooling shed. Paid by the load delivered, workers dumped charcoal here by removing wagon floorboards. Once charcoal cooled, it was moved and piled in the stone storage house in front of you and later used as furnace fuel.
Occasionally charcoal caught fire. To salvage part of his load, a teamster pulled wagon floorboards, dropping charcoal to the ground. During an uncontrollable fire, a teamster headed his wagon straight for a stream. — Map (db m23980) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Elverson — Headraces — Powering the water wheel |
| | Ahead of you is a large wooden trough called a flume, part of the west headrace. Water from surrounding Hopewell land flowed down this flume and spilled into buckets on the water wheel, providing a reliable source of water to power the blast machinery. — Map (db m24027) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Elverson — Ironmaster's Garden |
| | An elaborate arrangement of flowers, herbs, and fruits once decorated these terraces. Violets, poppies, roses, daffodils, and hollyhocks were formally arranged in the ironmaster's garden. Rosemay and thyme scented the air as Hopewell's gardener busily tended the greenhouse. Beehives resting near the summerhouse provided plenty of honey for the mansion table. — Map (db m23988) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Kennett Square — Battle of Brandywine |
| | On Sept. 11, 1777, an American force of about 11,000 men, commanded by Washington, attempted to halt a British advance into Pennsylvania. The Americans were defeated near Chadd’s Ford on Brandywine Creek by approximately 18,000 British and Hessian troops under Howe. — Map (db m2085) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Kennett Square — A48 — Battle of Brandywine |
| | Howe planned two separate attacks against the American line. In early morning, the British Army divided here. Knyphausen’s troops went east to engage the center of the line at Chadd’s Ford, while a force under Cornwallis marched approximately 6 miles north, then 3 miles east, to outflank Washington’s right wing and to attack from the rear. — Map (db m2086) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Lincoln University — Hosanna Meeting House |
| | Founded by free Blacks who had settled in this area, it was first known as the "African Meeting House," Formally organized in 1843 as an African Union Methodist Protestant church. A station stop on the Underground Railroad, its many visitors included Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth. — Map (db m8133) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Lincoln University — Lincoln University |
| | Chartered as Ashmun Institute, April 29, 1854. Founded by Rev. John Miller Dickey for the purpose of providing liberal higher education for people of African ancestry in America. In 1866, it became Lincoln University, interracial and international. — Map (db m8132) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — "We bury’d our Dead next day in the field of Battle, All kill’d by the sword and Bayonet." |
| | On the morning after the battle, Colonel Adam Hubley of the 10th Pennsylvania wrote, “I sent my Major [Caleb North] with 4 of our Horsemen on the field who counted our Dead bodys, the enemy’s were taken off…” The two or three British dead are believed to be buried at the Church of St. Peter-in-the-Great Valley. Two days later, Hubley stated, “We bury’d our Dead next day in the field of Battle, (52 brave fellows) All kill’d by the sword and Bayonet.” Local . . . — Map (db m13662) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — “…The most dreadful scene I have ever beheld.” |
| | “The Shrieks, Groans, imprecations, deprecations, The Clashing of Swords and bayonets &c&c&c, was more expressive of Horror than the Thunder of the artillery &e on the Day of action.”Lieutenant Martin Hunter You are now facing west toward the direction of Wayne’s retreat. A disabled cannon blocked the American column’s escape for several minutes as the British advanced to Picket #3, located about 300 yards behind you. Wayne placed the 1st Pennsylvania in a strip of woods . . . — Map (db m13614) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — “A Dreadful scene of havock” |
| | In 1782, five years after Paoli, this picture was painted in London for a British officer who participated in the battle. Although the artist, Xavier della Gatta, never saw the Paoli Battlefield, this rare contemporary image of Revolutionary War combat is remarkable for its accuracy of landscape detail and key elements in the battle. The image was not intended to be a “still shot” of a specific moment, but rather a composite of different aspects of the battle. Lieutenant Martin . . . — Map (db m13507) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — “Remember Paoli!” |
| | Because of a heroic rear guard action, Wayne was able to escape the Battle of Paoli with 1900 men. The survivors of Paoli never forgot the horror of that night. Indeed, it inspired them to fight with a vengeance at the Battle of Germantown, where British officers recounted hearing the Americans shouting, “Remember Paoli!” in the fury of the battle. Using the lessons learned at Paoli, in1779 Wayne and his men would make their own midnight attack with bayonets fixed, to capture the . . . — Map (db m13621) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — “Remember Paoli!” |
| | During the early 1800’s the cry “Remember Paoli!” stirred the hearts of listeners with personal memories of the harsh realities of war and lost loved ones. There was still an abiding desire to gather together on the anniversary of that memorable battle. The Paoli Grounds became the sacred gathering place to remember. The Grounds also hosted three day encampments to train and drill troops should they be called to battle. In the 1840’s in preparation for the Mexican War, there was a . . . — Map (db m13661) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Battlefield Site Map |
| | . . . — Map (db m13623) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Camp Life |
| | While on campaign, the armies tried to keep their baggage to a minimum, and tents required wagons. The British left most of their tents on their ships, so they built shelters called “wigwams” out of brush, leaves, cornstalks, sod, straw, and fence rails. American sources refer to the wigwams as “booths.” When Wayne was ordered to move behind Howe’s army, his tents were left with the main army. Colonel Daniel Brodhead wrote that at 4 PM on September 20, six hours before . . . — Map (db m13617) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Duffy’s Cut Mass Grave |
| | Nearby is the mass grave of fifty-seven Irish immigrant workers who died in August, 1832, of cholera. They had recently arrived in the United States and were employed by a construction contractor, named Duffy, for the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. Prejudice against Irish Catholics contributed to the denial of care to the workers. Their illness and death typified the hazards faced by many 19th century immigrant industrial workers. — Map (db m13400) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — General Wayne’s Encampment — Sept 19-29 1777 |
| | “At about 12 o’clock Genl. Wayne came riding along in the rear of the 2nd Brigade Calling out ‘Turn out my Boys, the Lads are Comeing, [we’ll give] them a push with the Bayonet through the Smoak.’ The Troops turned out as quick as Could be Expected and Formed by Platoons, in less than five Minutes.” Ordered to remove their musket flints and “rely solely on the Bayonet” (tradition holds that Grey was nicknamed “No Flint Grey” for this order), 1200 . . . — Map (db m13509) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Malvern Memorial Parade |
| | In 1817, nearly 40 years after the Revolutionary War, the first parade commemorating the anniversary of the Paoli Massacre was held. More than 400 volunteer troops participated “in a slow solemn march.” Three years after the Civil War ended, on May 5, 1868, an organization of former Union soldiers and sailors – the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) – established Decoration Day as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the war dead with flowers. The first large . . . — Map (db m13680) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Paoli |
| | Front of Monument: Sacred to the memory of the patriots who on this spot fell a sacrifice to British barbarity during the struggle for American Independence on the night of the 20th September 1777. Left Side of Monument: The atrocious massacre which this stone commemorates was perpetrated by British troops under the immediate command of Major General Grey. Back of Monument: Erected by the citizens of Chester and Delaware counties September 20, 1877, being the centennial . . . — Map (db m13399) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Paoli Massacre Monument |
| | (front of monument) Sacred to the memory of the patriots who on this spot fell, a sacrifice to British barbarity during the struggle for American Independence on the night of the 20th September 1777. (left side of monument) The atrocious massacre which this stone commemorates was perpetrated by British troops under the immediate command of Major General Grey. (back of monument) This memorial in honor of extraordinary Patriotism was erected September 20, 1817 by the . . . — Map (db m13444) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Rear of the Camp |
| | You are standing at the rear of the camp where the wagons were parked. The steeple of the Baptist Church marks the approximate location of Picket Post #3, which guarded the right flank. Lieutenant Samuel Brady was with Picket #3: “Brady was on guard duty, and laid down with his blanket buckled around him. The British were nearly on them before the sentinel fired. Brady ran, and as he jumped a fence a soldier struck at him with a musket and pinned his blanket to a rail. He tore the . . . — Map (db m13640) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Site of the Paoli Massacre — 20 September 1777 |
| | These Memorial Grounds commemorate the engagement in the Revolutionary War known as the Paoli Massacre, an attack by the British Army on American troops, that took place near this spot toward midnight of September 20, 1777. About 150 American soldiers were killed or wounded in this action in which the British used only bayonets. 53 of the Americans were buried here in a common grave, now surrounded by stone walls and capped with a monument erected in 1817. In a move to capture Philadelphia, . . . — Map (db m13505) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — The Land on Which the Battle of Paoli was Fought |
| | The land on which the Battle of Paoli was fought has been farmland and woodland since the mid-18th century. Ezekiel Bowen, a farmer of Welsh descent, purchased this land in 1764. County records note that he sold it to Richard Mason of Philadelphia in March, 1777, but repurchased it in April, 1778, and lived here until his death in 1804. His whereabouts at the time of the battle are unknown, but chances are he was still living here. His log home stood to the right just off Warren Avenue until . . . — Map (db m13619) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — The Paoli Battlefield |
| | The Battle of Paoli, also called “The Paoli Massacre”, occurred at midnight on September 20-21, 1777. After their defeat at Brandywine on September 11, Washington’s forces retreated toward Philadelphia, regrouped, and returned to Chester County. On September 16, they confronted Howe’s British army in nearby Goshen, only to have a rainstorm prevent another battle. Washington withdrew from this “Battle of the Clouds” to northern Chester County to resupply, while Howe moved . . . — Map (db m13506) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — The Paoli Memorial Association |
| | Since 1896, the 22-acre tract that is the final resting place for the victims of the Paoli Massacre has been under the watchcare and protection of the Paoli Memorial Association. In 1896, a small group of citizens petitioned the Court of Chester County to assume care for the burial site and received a charter as The Paoli Memorial Association, a perpetual corporation to hold, improve, and preserve the land. While the grounds are within the Borough of Malvern, the entire tract is privately . . . — Map (db m13664) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — This Wall |
| | This wall reconstructed in 1964 under the supervision of Raymond S. Cox and J. Gilmore Wilson. The wall contains some stones taken from the old foundations of the Ezekial Bowen log cabin which was standing and occupied by some American officers on the night of the “Paoli Massacre” September 20, 1777, this cabin being located about ½ mi. east of this cemetery. The wall and top were reproduced as near as possible with the original documentary evidence after considerable research . . . — Map (db m16348) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Oxford — Hopewell Bell Tower |
| | This bell tower was constructed from components saved from the demolition of what was last known as the Hopewell Elementary School and was previously the Oxford High School. The building was designed by W.L. Plack of Philadelphia and constructed in 1904-05. The bell itself was cast in Sheffield England by Vickersons & Co. in 1867 and was initially installed in the bell tower of the Union School in 1868. This project was carried out by the Oxford Area Historical Association with the help of many . . . — Map (db m8130) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Oxford — Hopewell Historic District |
| | A borough from 1853 to 1914, Hopewell was a laboratory for progressive farming, milling, and educational practices. Samuel Dickey (1769-1835) was an agricultural innovator, and the Dickeys pioneered in establishing area schools. The family, spurred by available water power, developed this valley between 1815 and the 1870's. Much of its 19th-century character endures in the land and its buildings. — Map (db m8131) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Paoli — Gen. Anthony Wayne |
| | The house in which the Revolutionary leader and Indian fighter was born, Jan. 1, 1745, stands about a mile away. Died at Erie, Dec. 15, 1796; now buried at St. David’s Church, four and a half miles away. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. 1947 — Map (db m13370) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Phoenixville — American Legion Post 482 War Memorial |
| |
This tree is dedicated
as a memorial to our comrades
Phoenixville Post 482
American Legion
Walter Caffrey • Alfred I. Campbell
William E. Carr • Joseph C. Chrisman
Ralph H. Cowell • William Cox
Louis H. Ennis • George W. Erb
Walter E. Ettinger • Wilmer H. Harris
George Hendricks • Edward C. Hepp
Chas. R. Keller • Chas. J. Kramer
Edward Longacre • Isaac McSwain
James O'Connor • Harvey E. Ott
Edward C. Powers • John Rafferty
Francis Skelly • David Smith
Hugh . . . — Map (db m25119) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Phoenixville — Phoenix Iron & Steel Company |
| | ASM International
The Materials Information Society
has designated
Phoenix Iron & Steel Company
A Historic Landmark
“Established in 1783, from a modified grist mill, the Phoenix Iron & Steel Works was the site of many metalworking firsts in America including rolling of iron nails, structural shapes and beams as well as invention and production of the spiral wrapped wrought iron Griffen gun and the hollow wrought iron Phoenix column.”
— Map (db m23710) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Phoenixville — Phoenix Iron Company |
| | Established in 1783 and incorporated in 1855, the Phoenix “works” produced nails, rail, Civil War cannons, weaponry for 20th century wars, and structural steel. Among its well known products were the Griffen Gun, 1861, and the Phoenix Column, 1862. Closed in 1987. — Map (db m23707) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Phoenixville — Phoenixville Vietnam War Memorial — Lest We Forget |
| | We salute our Phoenixville men
who served with honor, distinction,
valor and pride in the
Vietnam War...
These men made the ultimate
sacrifice and will never return.
PFC. Thomas J. Vontor July 9, 1966
Lt.(JG) James Kelly Oct. 26, 1966
Sgt. Richard Powell Dec. 19, 1966
W.O. Rudolph F. Dungee Feb. 13, 1967
Seaman Robert E. Ash July 6, 1968
Sgt. Lawrence R. Detwiler Aug. 27, 1969
PFC. John A. Polefka Sept. 3, 1969
Sgt. Thomas J. Hartman Nov. 19, 1969
Dedicated this . . . — Map (db m23737) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Phoenixville — Phoenixville War Memorial |
| | This plaque is dedicated
to those who gallantly
served during World War I
This plaque is dedicated
to those who gallantly
served during World War II
This plaque is dedicated
to those who gallantly
served during Korean War
This plaque is dedicated
to those who gallantly
served during
Operation Desert Storm
Dedicated to the
POW/MIA
from all wars
WWI - 3,350
WWII - 78,777
Korea - 8,172
Vietnam - 2,399
Desert Storm - 21
This plaque
is dedicated to . . . — Map (db m23738) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Phoenixville — Symbols of Steel Sculpture Garden |
| | The wrought iron Phoenix Columns here in the Symbols of Steel Sculpture Garden once supported the floors of the Stegmaier Brewery, a Wilkes-Barre, PA, landmark. The Romanesque style brewery building was constructed in the late 19th century and continued in operation until 1974.
Samuel Reeves designed the Phoenix Column here at the Phoenix Iron Company. It was patented in 1862. As an important architectural and engineering innovation, the Phoenix Column was used for bridges all over the . . . — Map (db m23715) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Phoenixville — The Griffen Cannon and Memorial |
| | The Griffen Cannon
One of 1400 guns made at Phoenix Iron
Company Shops between 1860 and 1865.
Invented by John Griffen
These 3 inch wrought iron rifled field
pieces served the Union forces with great
merit during the Civil War. ————————
My Brothers
Walking over this hill leaving the past behind us and now begin our journey forward, looking toward the future.
I walk between my brothers. One has been loyal to the . . . — Map (db m23716) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), Valley Forge — Patriots of African Descent |
| | who served, suffered and sacrificed during the Valley Forge encampment, 1776-1778
"Throughout these historic and hallowed campsites were courageous Black patriots who participated in the nation's bitter fight for independence."
Charles L. Blockson, Historian
Dedicated by Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated,
Valley Forge Alumnae Chapter, June 19, 1993 — Map (db m6808) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Bayard Rustin — (1910 -1987) |
| | Born here, the civil rights leader and pacifist organized the 1963 March on Washington. Head of A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1966-1979. Elected to Henderson High School Hall of Fame. — Map (db m8243) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Birmingham Friends Meeting House |
| | Erected in 1763 Used as a hospital after The Battle of Brandywine September 11, 1777 — Map (db m8247) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Chester County |
| | One of Pennsylvania's three original counties, formed 1682 by William Penn. Name derived from Cheshire in England. West Chester, the county seat since 1788, was incorporated in 1799. County was the scene of important military activities in 1777-1778. — Map (db m8147) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Frederick Douglass — (1818 - 1895) |
| | Champion of human freedom, African American abolitionist, newspaper editor, U.S. Colored Troops recruiter, U.S. ambassador to Haiti, and orator, Frederick Douglass gave his last public address "Against Lynch Law" here on February 1, 1895. A frequent visitor to West Chester, Douglass denounced lynching and bigotry and urged freedom, justice, and equality for all Americans. The Frederick Douglass Institute here maintains Douglass' legacy. — Map (db m8135) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — G. Raymond Rettew |
| | A West Chester chemist, he pioneered the mass production of penicillin, the world's first antibiotic. In 1943, with Wyeth Laboratories, his lab (a converted auto repair shop here) made & sent more penicillin to the Armed Forces than any other lab in the world, saving countless lives on the battlefields of World War II. — Map (db m8153) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Great Minquas Path |
| | An important Indian trail, key to Pennsylvania's fur trade in the 17th century, crossed the present highway near here. It linked trading post on the lower Schuylkill and Indian towns to the west. The Dutch, Swedes, and English fought one another for control of path. — Map (db m8248) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Horace Pippin |
| | Born in West Chester in 1888. Pippin occupied this house from 1920 until his death in 1946. A self-taught black artist, he painted while living here such notable works as "Domino Players," "John Brown Going to His Hanging," and the "Holy Mountain" series. — Map (db m8156) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Joseph T. Rothrock |
| | Conservationist, father of the State Forest idea in Pennsylvania, lived in this house from 1876 until his death in 1922. He pioneered in the development of forest fire control, reforestation, and scientific forestry. — Map (db m8240) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Lincoln Biography |
| | The first published biography of Abraham Lincoln was printed in this building on Feb. 11, 1860. It was prepared from Lincoln's own notes, and served to introduce him to the public as a potential presidential candidate. — Map (db m8159) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Old Main Arch Memorial |
| | Old Main Building, constructed in 1871, served as the principal dormitory and classroom facility for the West Chester Teacher's Normal School. In 1971, faced with prohibitive costs of a facility upgrade, Old Main was torn down by the PA Dept of General Services, despite strong objections from the University and local community. As part of the University's centennial celebration in 1971, a committee, headed by Dr. Constantine Johns, Professor of Music, and Dr. Russell Sturzebecker, Professor of . . . — Map (db m8136) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Samuel Barber — (1910 - 1981) |
| | Boyhood home of this composer of orchestral and vocal works, including the "Adagio for Strings" and Knoxville; Summer of 1915." Won Pulitzer Prizes in music, 1958 & 1963. Graduate, Curtis Institute. He wrote West Chester High's Alma Mater song. — Map (db m8157) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Site of First School House in West Chester |
| | (Turk's Head), built of logs, 1760. Used as a hospital for American wounded after the Battle of Brandywine, Sept, 1777. Some soldiers died and were buried here in the schoolyard. — Map (db m8154) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Star of the West, Tent No. Six |
| | An African American women's community service organization chartered 1865. A part of the United Order of Tents, J.R. Giddings and Jollifee Union, founded in 1847 and named for abolitionist Congressman Giddings and his law partner. — Map (db m8241) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — The Friends School at Birmingham Meeting House |
| | Was established at this place about 1753. It was for many years under the care of John Forsythe, the First Head Master of Westtown Boarding School opened in 1799. Dr. William Darlington was a pupil at Birmingham. — Map (db m8245) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — The Great Trail |
| | The Great Trail of the Minquas or Susquehanna Indians from the Susquehanna to the Schuylkill crossed the present road about this point. It was the path prior to 1670 for their conquest of the Lenni-Lenape or Delaware Indians and for trade with the first Dutch and Swedish settlers on the Delaware River. Thousands of beaver skins yearly being carried down over this "Beaversrede" or Beaver Road to Fort Beaversrede on the site of Philadelphia and to other neighboring trading posts. — Map (db m8249) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — The Peace Garden at Birmingham |
| | During the Battle of the Brandywine on September 11, 1777, the American Army used the walls of this Quaker Burial Ground in their first line of defense. Both armies used this meetinghouse of Quaker pacifists as a hospital. Behind the wall is the common grave of British and American soldiers killed in the battle. The Peace Garden at Birmingham surrounding this grave is a place to contemplate a world without war. This site is dedicated to the imperative need to employ peaceful alternatives to deadly conflict. — Map (db m8244) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — To Mark the Site — of the first line of defense of the American Army |
| | At the Battle of the Brandywine 11 September 1777 — Map (db m8246) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — William Darlington |
| | Physician, congressman, began a service of 33 years as president of Bank of Chester County, in this building, 1830. Especially noted for his many contributions to the science and study of botany in the early 1800's. He died in 1863. — Map (db m8148) |
| Pennsylvania (Chester County), West Chester — Woman's Rights Convention of 1852 |
| | The first Woman's Rights Convention in Pennsylvania was held here, June 2-3, 1852, four years after the famous Seneca Falls, New York, Convention. It adopted resolutions promoting the legal, educational and vocational rights of women. — Map (db m8149) |
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