| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T 13 — Appalachian Trail and Bears Den |
| | This 2,100-mile-long hiking path passes through 14 states from Mount Katahdin, Me., to Springer Mountain, Ga., along the ridges of the Appalachain Mountains. Conceived in 1921 by Benton MacKaye, the trail was completed in 1937. It was designated a National Scenic Trail in 1968. One half mile to the south along the trail is Bears Den, a unique rock formation. The nearby stone masion of the same name, constructed in 1933, is one of several summerhouses built along the Blue Ridge for wealthy . . . — Map (db m1207) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T 4 — Audley |
| | The house to the north is the home of Nellie Parke Custis, George Washington’s ward, who married his nephew, Major Lawrence Lewis. After her husband’s death in 1839, Nellie Custis Lewis settled here, and here she died in 1852. — Map (db m1741) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 30 — Battle of Berryville |
| | As it maneuvered against Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early’s Army of the Valley, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s U.S. Army of the Shenandoah marched south from Halltown, reaching Berryville on 3 Sept. 1864. Finding part of Brig. Gen. George Crook’s corps pitching camp just east of here, Maj. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw’s division attacked with limited results. During the night, Early brought up his entire army but by daylight found the Federal position too strongly entrenched behind its eight miles of . . . — Map (db m1781) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Battle of Berryville |
| | Battle of Berryville
Sept. 3, 1864 Early & Sheridan —— — Map (db m1836) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Battle of Cool Spring — Sharp Action at the Shenandoah River — 1864 Valley Campaign |
| | To draw Union troops from Petersburg to Washington, Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early attacked the capital’s defenses on July 11, 1864. He then withdrew to the Shenandoah Valley, where he had left Gen. John C. Breckinridge’s division to hold the Shenandoah River fords. Union Gen. George Crook, pursuing Early, decided to make a reconnaissance in force across the river near hear on July 18 after his cavalry was repulsed the previous day, a Sunday.
Guided by a Confederate deserter well . . . — Map (db m1201) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Battle of Cool Spring |
| | Battle of Cool Spring July 18, 1864 Early & Crook —— — Map (db m4601) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Benjamin Berry |
| | ——1720(?)–1810——
Benjamin Berry, son of Henry Berry of King George County, settled in what is now Clarke County prior to the Revolution, and in 1798, he procured the formal establishment of the town of Berryville, the town having been platted by him, and consisting of a portion (twenty acres) of a larger tract of land owned by him and his daughter, Sarah Stribling. He and she are buried in the northeast section of the yard of Grace Episcopal Church. — Map (db m1810) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Q 3 — Berryville |
| | Before 1798 Berryville was known as Battletown, a name that perhaps originated from a local tavern famous for its fistfights. The General assembly incorporated the town of Berryville on 15 Jan. 1798. Located at a major crossroads of the Shenandoah Valley and Northern Virginia, Berryville saw much military activity during the Civil War. On 13 Aug. 1864 Col. John S. Mosby attacked a Union supply train destined for Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan’s troops at Winchester. Important nearby houses include . . . — Map (db m1811) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 1 — Berryville Wagon Train Raid |
| | Just after dawn on 13 Aug. 1864, Col. John Singleton Mosby and 300 of his 43rd Battalion Partisan Rangers attacked the rear section of Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s 600-vehicle wagon train here. The train, headed for Winchester, carried supplies for Sheridan’s cavalry. Mosby surprised and routed the Federals as they rested, cooked breakfast, and hitched their horses. Mosby’s men, losing only one killed and one mortally wounded, captured 200 beef cattle, 500–600 horses, 100 wagons, and . . . — Map (db m1785) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Q 3c — Berryville, Clarke County |
| | The town was laid out in 1798 on land of Benjamin Berry and was first known as Battletown. Here at “Audley” lived Nellie Custis, Washington’s adopted daughter. Here at “Soldiers Rest” lived General Daniel Morgan, who built “Saratoga.” Here Lee’s army camped on the way to Gettysburg. Near here many engagements occurred, 1862–64. — Map (db m1788) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 1a — Buck Marsh Baptist Church |
| | Organized near this spot by Wm. and Daniel Fristoe in 1772. Constituted by elders John Marks and John Garrard, the later serving as its pastor. James Ireland served as pastor from 1778–1806 and is buried here. — Map (db m1831) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Buck Marsh Fight |
| | Buck Marsh Fight Sept. 13, 1864
Mosby's Attack on
Sheridan’s Wagon Trains —— — Map (db m1834) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T–9 — Castleman’s Ferry Fight |
| | Three miles North in July 1864, General Jubal Early’s army, returning from his raid on Washington, was attacked by Federal units which forced a passage of the river. On July 18, Colonel Joseph Thoburn led his troops against the Confederates but was driven back across the river. Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States, commanded a Federal brigade in the action. — Map (db m1203) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Z 180 — Clark County / Loudoun County |
| | (east facing side)
Clark County.
Area 171 Square Miles.
Formed in 1836 from Frederick, and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, Conqueror of the Northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary hero, lived in this county.
(west facing side)
Loudoun County.
Area 519 Square Miles.
Formed in 1757 from Fairfax, and named for Lord Loudoun, titular governor of Virginia, and head of the British forces in America, 1756-1758. OakHill, . . . — Map (db m1394) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T-15 — Clarke County Courthouse |
| | The year after Clarke County was formed in 1836, construction began on a brick courthouse based on county justice David Meade’s design. The courthouse was remodeled in the Neoclassical style about 1850 when the portico and cupola were added. Portraits of locally prominent judges and lawyers from the 1840s to the present are displayed in the courtroom. The 1882 commonwealth’s attorney office, the combination sheriff office and jail, built about 1895, and the 1977 circuit courthouse are also . . . — Map (db m1296) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Col. Morgan's Lane |
| | Col. Morgan's Lane Aug. 19, 1864 Mosby's Attack on Custer's House Burners. No Prisoners —— — Map (db m4603) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T 8 — Colonial Highway |
| | This is one of the oldest roads leading from the east to the Shenandoah Valley; It crosses the Blue Ridge at Snicker’s Gap. The ferry right over the Shenandoah River was granted, 1766. Washington used this road many times. Some distance to the east the first aerial telegraph signals were sent from the roadside, 1868. — Map (db m1840) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T 10 — Crook and Early |
| | Early, while passing through this gap on his return from his Washington raid, was attacked by Crook’s cavalry, July 16, 1864. Crook destroyed a few wagons, Early captured a cannon. — Map (db m1204) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Fight at Gold’s Farm |
| | Fight at Gold’s Farm
Sept. 3, 1864
Mosby & 6th N.Y. Cavalry — Map (db m1816) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T 11 — Forerunner of Wireless Telegraphy |
| | From nearby Bear's Den Mountain to the Catoctin Ridge, a distance of fourteen miles, Dr. Mahlon Loomis, dentist, sent the first arial wireless signals, 1866-73, using kites flown by copper wires. Loomis received a patent in 1872 and his company was chartered by Congress in 1873, but lack of capital frustrated his experiments. He died in 1886. — Map (db m1205) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T 14 — Harry F. Byrd Sr. |
| | Harry Flood Byrd Sr. (1887-1966), governor of Virginia (1926-1930) and U.S. senator from Virginia (1933-1965), was a conservative Democrat who led a political machine that directed state politics for four decades. As governor, he instituted Virginia’s “pay as you go” fiscal policy, created the state highway system, and established the state historical marker system. In Congress, he advocated economical government and opposed liberal programs. To the south is Rosemont, his home from . . . — Map (db m1787) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — James Ireland — Minister of the Gospel |
| | In memory of 1746 James Ireland 1806 Minister of the Gospel Born in Edinburgh, Scotland and converted in Frederick County, Va. Baptized and ordained at Sandy Creek, N.C. Imprisoned at Culpeper, Va. for preaching the gospel organizer of Baptist churches, pastor of Buckmarsh Baptist Church 1786 - 1806 His body lies in Buckmarsh Cemetery near here. "Whaterver it be right in the sight of God to hearken unto you more than unto God, judge ye, for we cannot but speak the things which we have seen . . . — Map (db m18636) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 19 — Josephine City |
| | To improve the lives of former slaves, Ellen McCormick, widow of Edward McCormick of Clermont, established this African American community of 31 one-acre lots early in the 1870s. The lots, laid out on either side of the 16-foot-wide street that originated near the tollgate on the Berryville Turnpike, sold for $100 each. The community probably was named for Josephine Williams, who owned two lots. By 1900 Josephine City had become an oasis for Clarke County’s African American residents and . . . — Map (db m1805) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 14 — Lee’s Bivouac |
| | Gen. Robert E. Lee bivouacked near here on 18-19 June 1863, as he began his invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Part of his Army of Northern Virginia marched north toward Winchester, while Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s corps camped here with Lee. On 13 June, a Union force under Col. Andrew T. McReynolds had evacuated Berryville and marched to Winchester to join Maj. Gen. Richard S. Milroy’s division there. Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell’s corps attacked and defeated Milroy in the Second Battle of . . . — Map (db m1786) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 20 — Long Marsh Run Rural Historic District |
| | This 16-square-mile scenic landscape illustrates the changing patterns of rural life since the 1730s as shown in its plantations, farms, mills, churches, and African American communities. The first settlers came from various places, including New Jersey, Maryland, and the Virginia Tidewater. English cultural influences, however, shaped the economic, political, and social character of the area into a western outpost of Tidewater society. The district contains many estates associated with pioneer . . . — Map (db m5595) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Mt. Airy Fight |
| | Mt. Airy Fight
Sept. 15, 1864
Mosby * U.S.
Cavalry —— — Map (db m1838) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T-17 — The Retreat |
| | One and a half miles north is The Retreat, home to three distinguished generations of the Parker family. Thomas Parker, a general in the War of 1812, constructed this imposing Federal-style house in 1799. Richard Parker, his nephew, was a U.S. Senator, justice of the state Supreme Court of Appeals, and jury member at the trial of Aaron Burr. His son, Richard Elliot Parker, served in the U.S. House of Representatives and presided as a federal judge at the trial of John Brown. During the Civil . . . — Map (db m1195) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — The Schools of Josephine City |
| | In 1882, the former slaves and free colored people of this community built the Josephine City School to provide their children with a grade school education. Under the leadership of Rev. Edward Johnson, a new building was completed in 1930 to provide high school education for Negro students and was called the Clarke County Training School. It was named the W.T.B. Williams Training School in 1944 to honor a Clarke County native who served as Dean of Tuskegee Institute. From 1949 to 1966, the . . . — Map (db m5513) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Traveler Was Tethered on This Spot |
| | Traveler was tethered on this spot June 21, 1863, as General Robert E. Lee paused on his march to Gettysburg. He attended services here in Grace Episcopal Church. Tablet placed by Sycamore Society 1986 Replaced by E.V. White Chapter, MOSB and Sons of Confederate Veterans Camps # 21 and # 1567 1992 — Map (db m1731) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Wickliffe Church — Clarke Episcopal Parish |
| | 1819 Original stone building
1846 Present brick building
1919 Chapel of Grace Church
Annual homecoming service
second Sunday in August — Map (db m19067) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — B 37 — Blandy Experimental Farm |
| | In 1926, Graham F. Blandy bequeathed a 712-acre portion of his estate, The Tuleyries, to the University of Virginia to educate “boys farming in the various branches.” Beginning late in the 1920s, the two-story, century-old brick slave quarters was enlarged and converted into laboratories and housing, and 172 acres were developed into an arboretum. Containing one of the most diverse collections of trees and woody shrubs in the eastern United States, Blandy Experimental Farm was . . . — Map (db m1812) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — Z-121 — Clark County / Frederick County |
| | (West Facing Side): Clark County Area 171 Square Miles Formed in 1836 from Frederick and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the Northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary hero, lived in this county. (East Facing Side): Frederick County Area 435 Square Miles Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III. Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Winchester 1862-1864. — Map (db m3483) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — T 3 — Greenway Court |
| | Three miles south is Greenway Court, residence of Thomas, Sixth Lord Fairfax, proprietor of the vast Northern Neck Grant, which he inherited. Born in Leeds Castle, England, in 1693, Fairfax settled in Virginia, in 1747, for the rest of his life. He made Greenway Court his home in 1751. George Washington, employed as a surveyor on this grant, was there frequently in his youth. Fairfax died there, December 9, 1781. — Map (db m1755) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — T 2 — Old Chapel |
| | Lord Fairfax worshipped here in the “Old Chapel” of colonial Frederick Parish, established 1738. This stone building dates from 1790 and witnessed the early ministry (1810–1885) of Bishop Meade. Governor Edmund Randolph and Col. Nathaniel Burwell lie in this burying ground with relatives, and neighbors. — Map (db m1852) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — B 4 — Saratoga |
| | A half-mile east, Revolutionary War hero Daniel Morgan began this limestone Georgian mansion in 1779 while on furlough. He named it for the Battle of Saratoga in which he had recently distinguished himself. The house was probably constructed by Hessian soldiers held prisoner in nearby Winchester. Recalled to duty in 1780, Morgan was made a brigadier general and won a brilliant victory at Cowpens in South Carolina. In the antebellum period Saratoga was the home of Philip Pendleton Cooke, . . . — Map (db m1813) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — B 2 — The Briars |
| | Two and a half miles to the northwest stands The Briars, as stuccoed stone, two-story, five-bay dwelling that was constructed around 1819 as the home of Dr. Robert Powell Page. His daughter, Mary Francis Page, married John Esten Cooke, noted Virginia novelist, soldier, and historian. They moved to the house in 1869. Cooke lived at The Briars until his death in 1886. Besides a very successful author, Cooke also served during the Civil War with distinction as the chief ordinance officer for Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, C.S.A. — Map (db m1815) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — J 21 — Town of Boyce |
| | Boyce was established in 1880 at the intersection of the newly constructed Shenandoah Valley Railroad (now Norfolk Southern) and the road between the Shenandoah River and Winchester (formerly the Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike). First known as Boyceville, the village was named for Col. Upton Boyce (1832-1937), who settled in the area after the Civil War and whose influence secured funding for the railroad. Incorporated as Boyce in 1910, this railroad town retains its handsome 1913 . . . — Map (db m1814) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — B 23 — Ashby’s Gap |
| | Ashby’s Gap was named in honor of John Ashby, a leader among local pioneers and reputedly the first person to haul a hogshead of tobacco through this gap. Part of the house standing just to the south may have been erected in the 1740s by Thomas Ashby or his son, John. Occasionally the house was known as Ashby's Tavern, as was one in Paris, and later another near Ashby’s Ferry on the Shenandoah River. — Map (db m1333) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — T 1 — Carter Hall |
| | Col. Nathaniel Burwell, great-grandson of Robert "King" Carter, constructed Carter Hall in the mid-1790s after moving here from Tidewater Virginia. Edmund Randolph Governor of Virginia, U.S. Attorney General, and U.S. Secretary of State, died here in 1815 and was buried two miles north at Old Chapel. In Oct. 1862, Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson used Carter Hall as his headquarters. Pharmaceutical magnet Gerard Lambert purchased the estate in 1930 and hired New York architect Harry T. Lindeberg . . . — Map (db m1610) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — Z 120 — Clark County / Fauquier County |
| | (east-facing side)
Clark County.
Area 171 square miles •
Formed in 1836 from Frederick and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Daniel Morgan, revolutionary hero, lived in this county.
(west-facing side)
Fauquier County.
Area 666 square miles •
Formed in 1759 from Prince William, and named for Francis Fauquier, governor of Virginia, 1758-1768. Chief Justice John Marshall was born in this county. — Map (db m1451) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — B 38 — Greenway Historic District |
| | This 30-square-mile scenic landscape illustrates the evolution of a unique rural community. Unlike the rest of the Shenandoah Valley, where mostly Scots-Irish and German immigrants settled on small farms, Virginia Tidewater gentry occupied most of this district. These families brought with them their wealth and a slave-based economy, which they employed to build and maintain large plantations. Significant residents included Thomas Lord Fairfax, proprietor of the Northern Neck; Nathaniel . . . — Map (db m1848) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — T 12 — Long Branch |
| | This Classical Revival mansion built for Robert Carter Burwell is one of the few remaining residential works in which B. Henry Latrobe, father of the American architectural profession, played a role in design. Latrobe offered suggestions to Burwell for a staircase and piazza in 1811, a few months after workmen had laid the foundations. Hugh Mortimer Nelson added the porticoes and castellated east wing after 1842, as well as the Greek Revival-style interior trim based on designs published by the . . . — Map (db m1817) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — T 16 — Millwood |
| | This village developed around two late-18th-century gristmills and Nathaniel Burwell’s Carter Hall plantation, one of the preeminent estates in the area. The Burwell-Morgan Mill in the center of the village was a commercial gristmill, while the Carter Hall Mill served the plantation. In 1865, Confederate Col. John S. Mosby discussed terms of surrender in the J.H. Clarke house and tavern (1842) located across the road. After the Civil War, Millwood included a community of freed blacks with a . . . — Map (db m1850) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — Mt. Carmel Fight |
| | Mt. Carmel Fight Feb. 19, 1865 Mosby & U.S. Cavalry —— — Map (db m3486) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — B-7 — Signal Station |
| | On the hilltop to the south stood an important signal station used by both armies, 1861-1865. — Map (db m1398) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — T 6 — The Burwell-Morgan Mill |
| | This grist mill, built in 1782-85 by General Daniel Morgan of Saratoga and Colonel Nathaniel Burwell of Carter Hall, was in continuous operation until 1943. Now owned by the Clarke County Historical Association. — Map (db m1637) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — Vinyard Fight |
| | Vinyard Fight Gold’s Farm
Dec. 16, 1864
Mosby & US Cavalry —— — Map (db m1819) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), White Post — 1750 A.D. |
| | This post was originally placed here by George Washington under the direction of Lord Fairfax. It was erected in 1750 as a guidepost to direct strangers and travelers on the Old Dutch Wagon Road to Greenway Court, the home of Lord Fairfax. — Map (db m1759) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), White Post — Z-123 — Clark County / Frederick County |
| | (North Facing Side): Clark County Area 171 Square Miles Formed in 1836 from Frederick and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the Northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary hero, lived in this county. (South Facing Side): Frederick County Area 435 Square Miles Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III. Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Winchester 1862-1864. — Map (db m3481) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), White Post — J 18 — Double Tollgate |
| | Early in the 19th century, three important roads crossed here: Nineveh Turnpike leading to Front Royal, Winchester Turnpike leading to the north, and Newton Turnpike connecting Stephens City and the Shenandoah River via the Winchester and Berrys Ferry Turnpike. Two tollgates served the roads. During the mid-19th century, the intersection was called Highland Corners. A Civil War cavalry engagement occurred here on 11 Aug. 1864 between Confederates led by Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden and Union forces commanded by Brig. Gen. George A. Custer. — Map (db m1751) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), White Post — Double Tollgate Fight |
| | Double Tollgate Fight Aug. 11, 1864 Imboden & U.S. Cavalry —— — Map (db m3484) |
| Virginia (Clarke County), White Post — T 7 — White Post |
| | The crossroads village of White Post grew up around the white-painted marker that Lord Fairfax had erected in the 1760s to point the way to Greenway Court (south), the nearby estate from which he managed his vast proprietary holdings including Battletown, now Berryville (north), Berry’s Ferry (east), and Stephen’s City (west). The post that gave the town its name has been replaced several times, but its form has been maintained as a village landmark and symbol of community identity for more . . . — Map (db m1757) |
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