| Virginia (Culpeper County), Amissville — G-9 — Campaign of Second Manassas |
| | Here Lee and Jackson had their headquarters. Here, August 24, 1862, they formed the plan to attack Pope’s line of supply and bring him to battle before McClellan could join him. — Map (db m23959) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Amissville — Corbin's Crossroads — Stuart's Close Shave |
| | Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River to Virginia and camped at Bunker Hill in the northern Shenandoah Valley after the September 17, 1862, Battle of Antietam. Union Gen. George B. McClellan and the Army of the Potomac slowly pursued, despite President Abraham Lincoln’s demands for speed. At the end of October, Lee ordered Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry to screen the infantry’s march south to Culpeper County. Stuart succeeded in a series of running . . . — Map (db m26512) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Amissville — Z-124 — Culpeper County / Rappahannock County |
| | Culpeper County. Area 284 square miles. Formed in 1748 from Orange, and named for Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia 1680–1683. The battle of Cedar Mountain, 1862, was fought in this county.
Rappahannock County. Area 274 square miles. Formed in 1833 from Culpeper, named for the Rappahannock River, headwaters of which are in this county. — Map (db m8293) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Amissville — C-8 — Stuart's Ride Around Pope |
| | Stuart, starting here with his cavalry on August 22, 1862, rode around Pope's army to Catlett's Station. He destroyed supplies and army material and captured Pope's headquarters wagons. — Map (db m7729) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Amissville — Twilight of Slavery — “Enlightened” Accommodations No Match for Freedom |
| | The three brick cabins in the field before you are tangible connections to the enslaved people of Rappahannock County before and during the Civil War. Many slaves escaped to Union lines here and elsewhere, and some former bondsmen served in the U.S. Army as the United States Colored Troops following the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863. In July-August 1862, part of the Union Army of Virginia occupied Rappahannock County and camped on these grounds. Slaves on nearby . . . — Map (db m26555) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — F-11 — Battle of Brandy Station |
| | Here on 9 June 1863, the largest cavalry battle in North America occurred when 9,500 troopers fought 8,000 cavalrymen under Union Brig. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton. This daylong battle, the opening engagement of the Gettysburg campaign, erupted when the Federal attack surprised Stuart and his men. The Confederates prevented the Union cavalry from learning the intentions of Gen. Robert E. Lee, who had begun marching his infantry to the Shenandoah Valley to invade the North. For the first time in the . . . — Map (db m2574) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — Battle of Brandy Station — The Largest Cavalry Battle of the Civil War |
| | Confederate horsemen numbering 9500 under the command of Gen. J.E.B. Stuart were concentrated around Brandy Station in preparation of the upcoming raid into Pennsylvania - which would culminate at Gettysburg. The Federal army, being aware of the sizable number of Confederate cavalry in this vicinity, sent Gen. Alfred Pleasonton with a force of about 8,000 cavalry and 3,000 infantry with instructions to converge on Brandy Station in two wings and attack. About 4:30 a.m. on June 9, 1863, 5,500 . . . — Map (db m4364) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — Battle of Brandy Station |
| | Greatest cavalry battle of the Civil War • Fought June 9, 1863 • Gen. J.E.B. Stuart defeated Gen. A. Pleasonton Confederates engaged 10,200. Federals 10,900 Casualties, Confederates, 485, Federals 866 This is Fleetwood Hill The crucial position Finally occupied by the Confederates — Map (db m4425) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — F 12 — Betty Washington |
| | Two miles south is the grave of Betty Washington Lewis, the younger sister of George Washington. She was born in Westmoreland County in 1733 and married Fielding Lewis in May 1750, becoming his second wife. Her husband purchased land in 1752 and built their house, Kenmore, outside Fredericksburg. They had eleven children together, but only five sons and one daughter lived to adulthood. During the Revolutionary War, Fielding Lewis served in the army as a colonel and supervised a gun factory. . . . — Map (db m4429) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — Hansborough Ridge |
| | The Battle of Brandy Station actually occurred in several locations, miles apart. A mile in front of you is Hansborough Ridge. Late in the morning of June 9, 1863, a division of the Union Cavalry under Col. Alfred Duffie approached the ridge from the south along what is now Route 3. Duffie's 2nd Division of the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps, about 3000 men and 6 cannon, was part of a larger force that had crossed the Rappahannock River earlier that morning at Kelly's ford. Other Union . . . — Map (db m4866) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — F 13 — Opening of the Gettysburg Campaign |
| | On this plain Lee reviewed his cavalry, June 8, 1863. The next day the cavalry battle of Brandy Station was fought. On June 10, Ewell's Corps, from its camp near here, began the march to Pennsylvania. — Map (db m4428) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The 1863-64 Winter Encampment — The Federal Army of the Potomac Rebuilds |
| | On the night of December 1, 1863, following its unsuccessful advance against Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the Mine Run Campaign, a cold and tired Army of the Potomac withdrew across the Rapidan River and returned to Culpeper County. On these fields and throughout most of Cupleper and part of Fauquier Counties, 100,000 Union soldiers set up a massive winter encampment that disrupted the lives of local residents Union commander Maj. Gen. George G. Meade (right) . . . — Map (db m4370) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The 1863-64 Winter Encampment — The Calm Before the Storm |
| | The 1863-1864 winter encampment proved a busy time for the Army of the Potomac. "There was something fascinating about our winter city of 100,000 men," a staff officer recalled. "Many pleasant recollections cluster around the old camp at Brandy Station... history should know that our military service did not consist entirely of being shot at or trying to shoot at the other man." Thousands of new recruits joined the army and learned how to be soldiers. For members of the "old" regiments, the . . . — Map (db m4372) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The 1863-64 Winter Encampment — The Army of the Potomac at Brandy Station |
| | War has many faces and the residents of Culpeper County saw them all. Brandy Station played an important role in the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, though the Union and Confederate armies never clashed in the streets of the little town. A few months later, however, as winter descended, roads turned to muddy soup, and the frantic place of conflict slowed, the Union army established winter camps throughout the area. Located on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, Brandy Station served . . . — Map (db m4427) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — Charging the Confederate Guns |
| | By 7 a.m. on June 9, Brig. Gen. John Buford had his Union troops in position. Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames Federal brigade of infantry straddled the Beverly Ford Road. To Ames' left (where the airport is now) was the 1st Cavalry Division, commanded by Col. Thomas Devin. The Reserve Cavalry Brigade was on Ames' right. Several batteries of artillery supported the Federals. Buford decided to test the strength of the Confederate position near St. James Church. He ordered forward several regiments of . . . — Map (db m4373) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — Confederate Line of Defense at St. James Church |
| | Several hundred yards behind you, in the copse of trees, is the site of the St. James Church. Union soldiers tore down the small brick structure for materials to make their quarters during the winter of 1863-1864, when the Army of the Potomac wintered in Culpeper County. Six months earlier, on June 9, 1863, the woods, meadows, and country roads here saw major fighting during the Battle of Brandy Station. By 8 a.m. on that date, Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart had formed a solid defensive line along . . . — Map (db m4374) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — The Civil War in Culpeper County |
| | On June 9, 1863, the Civil War visited the river fords, farmer's fields and rolling hills near Brandy Station. During the intense daylong fighting that swirled all around the little town, Confederate and Union horsemen clashed in the largest cavalry battle of the war. By nightfall, the Union cavalrymen had finally proved that they could match the legendary skills of the Southern horsemen. The Battle of Brandy Station failed to stop Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North that summer, though it . . . — Map (db m4398) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — Surprises at the Crossing |
| | Rivers and river crossings played an important role in many Civil War battles, including the Battle of Brandy Station. A mile northwest of this spot is the site of Beverly Ford, where the cavalry of both the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Union Army of the Potomac planned to cross the Rappahannock River on the foggy morning of June 9, 1863. Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's 9,700 Southern horsemen were the vanguard of Gen. Robert E. Lee's offensive, which climaxed at the Battle of . . . — Map (db m4405) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — Buying Time on the Beverly Ford Road |
| | Both Union and Confederate armies used horse artillery to assist cavalry. When firing erupted at Beverly Ford on the morning of June 9, 1863, Major Robert F. Beckham's battalion of Confederate horse artillery (16 guns and some 500 men) was encamped in woods here. Confederate cannoneers frantically harnessed their teams and prepared their guns for attack as Union skirmishers came in sight. Beckham ordered a gun of the Washington Artillery of South Carolina out on the road and told the crew to . . . — Map (db m4415) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — The Stone Wall on the Cunningham Farm |
| | Failing to break through Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's Confederates at St. James Church, Brig. Gen. John Buford swung his force north and west to turn the Confederate left flank. Confederate Brig. Gen. William Henry Fitzhugh "Rooney" Lee, son of Robert E. Lee,had no intention of allowing Buford's maneuver to succeed. Rooney Lee was a skilled fighter and used the terrain well. First he blocked Buford's progress by the stone wall five hundred yards in front of you. From his command post on the . . . — Map (db m4416) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — Rooney Lee's Fighting Retreat |
| | The Federal forces of Brig. Gen. John Buford, Brig. Gen. David Gregg, and Col. Thomas Devin (whose command held the area around St. James Church) had almost encircled the Confederates, though none of the Union commanders had planned it so. Unknown to the Federals another prize was also available: Gen. Robert E. Lee was visiting the Barbour House (called Beauregard) to scan the fighting on Fleetwood Hill. His capture would have been a devastating blow to the Confederacy. By late morning, . . . — Map (db m4418) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — The Struggle for Fleetwood Hill |
| | After Col. Wyndham's assaults, Col. Judson Kilpatrick's Federal brigade crossed the Orange and Alexandria Railroad and stormed Fleetwood Hill from the southeast. The fight for Fleetwood Hill - a classic cavalry battle fought on horseback - became a lethal game of King of the Hill. Sabers clanged against sabers, cannon boomed, pistols rang out, and the choking dust made it difficult to tell "t'other from which," one Confederate recalled. The hill changed hands several times as the battle . . . — Map (db m4421) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — The Race for Fleetwood Hill |
| | Here the old Carolina Road crosses the southern part of Fleetwood Hill, some of the highest ground in the area. On the slope ahead of you Maj. Gen. James Ewell Brown (J.E.B.) Stuart, commander of Robert E. Lee's cavalry, pitched his headquarters tents on the evening of June 8, 1863. Nearby stood the Henry Miller House, known as Fleetwood. The Confederates used the name "the Battle of Fleetwood Hill" for the conflict now known as the Battle of Brandy Station. Stuart was surprised when word came . . . — Map (db m4424) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Hold at Mountain Run — Death of Farley and Wounding of Butler |
| | June 9, 1863 - 12:30 pm to 3:00 pm This map prepared from the first hand account of Col. Butler, other historians, and the personal account of the family, who in the early 1950s cleared, leveled and ditched this bottom for cultivation, disturbing the soil for the first time since the Civil War. The shallow trench, part of an existing ditch, and the earthwork in front of the ford was leveled at this time. The bottomland flooded a few days after the clearing operation and when the water . . . — Map (db m4869) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — “Gallant” Pelham’s Last Days — The Virginia House and Shackelford House |
| | Confederate cavalry chief Gen. J.E.B. Stuart and Maj. John Pelham, the commander of Stuart’s Horse Artillery, frequented the Virginia House Hotel and often visited the Shackelford family across the street. A warm friendship developed between 24-year-old Pelham and Bessie Shackelford, an unmarried daughter. Pelham earned a reputation as an artillery genius, and during the Battle of Fredericksburg, Gen. Robert E. Lee dubbed the young major the “Gallant Pelham.” On March 16, 1863, . . . — Map (db m12496) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — 10th Maine Volunteer Infantry |
| | (Front):To the memory of Twenty-two officers and soldiers of the 10th Maine Volunteer Infantry killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9th, 1862. (Back): Capt. Andrew C. Cloudman Co. E. 1st Lieut. James C. Folsom, Co. H. Sergt. George H. Huro, Co. C. Sergt. Charles W. Marston, Co. F. Zachariah L. Hamlin, Co. A. Silas H. Bean, Co. D. Sewall Phillips, Co. A. Paul Legassie, Co. D. Henry C. Emerson, Co. D. Daniel Plummer, Co. D. John N. Knowland, Co. D. Patrick McNally, Co. D. . . . — Map (db m13454) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — 28th Regiment New York State Volunteer Infantry |
| | 28th Regt. New York State Volunteer Infantry 1st Brig. 1st Div. 12th Corps Army of the Potomac Organized at Albany, N.Y., May 18, 1861 in response to the first call for volunteers. Mustered into the United States service for two years, May 22, 1861. Ordered at once to the field. Serving in the Shenandoah Valley and Army of the Potomac under Generals Patterson, Banks, Pope, McClellan, Burnside, and Hooker - Total number enrolled, 1010 - Total casualties 488 - Mustered out at Lockport, N.Y. June . . . — Map (db m13459) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — 46th Pennsylvania Infantry |
| | 46 Penn. Inf Aug. 9, 1862
Charged across wheat field against Stonewall Jackson's command. Engaged, 504
Loss, 244 — Map (db m15572) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — A Tribute to Black Americans – Early 1900’s — Lower End of E. Davis, Commerce Streets — Town of Culpeper, Virginia |
| | The area to the south was the center of commerce in the early 1900’s. It was here that retail shops, repair shops, hardware stores, restaurants, hotels and services flourished. In this era, blacks owned and operated nearly half the businesses in the Town, and both white and black Americans conducted business here.
The Wharf. From a historical perspective, The Wharf is a sub area of Downtown Culpeper, located at the lower end of E. Davis Street. Around 1900, the Wharf was known for its . . . — Map (db m8637) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — A.P. Hill's Boyhood Home |
| | Ambrose Powell Hill, who went by the name Powell, son of a prominent Culpeper planter and merchant, lived in this house from age 4 until he entered West Point at age 16. Named for an uncle and small in stature, the citizens of Culpeper knew him as "Little Powell" Hill. The 1847 graduate served in the Mexican War and in the Seminole uprisings in Florida. Hill entered the Confederate Army as a colonel but in May 1862, at age 36, he became the army's youngest Major General. His hard fighting . . . — Map (db m12684) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — F 19 — Battle of Cedar Mountain |
| | During the afternoon of 9 Aug. 1862, Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's division led by Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell and Brig. Gen. Charles S. Winder fought Union troops led by Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks about three miles south. Winder was mortally wounded. Banks attacked Winder's troops, who buckled under the Federal assault until Jackson rallied them. Assisted by the arrival of Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill's Light Division, the Confederates struck back early in the evening and Banks's . . . — Map (db m4434) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — F 20 — Battle of Cedar Mountain |
| | Near here Jackson formed line of battle and received the attack of Banks Corps of Pope's army. From here he attacked in turn, driving the Union force northward. — Map (db m4436) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Battle of Cedar Mountain |
| | Fought August 9, 1862. A Confederate victory. • Commanders • Confederate, Gen. T.J. "Stonewall" Jackson Federals, Gen. John Pope Casualties, Confederate, 1369. Federal, 2263 • Gen. C.S. Winder, C.S.A. fell here • This is the only battlefield on which Gen. Stonewall Jackson drew his sword. — Map (db m4437) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Cedar Mountain — Jackson Draws His Sword |
| | In the summer of 1862, Federal Gen. John Pope threatened to retaliate against Southern civilians who tried to thwart the efforts of his new army. The threats prompted Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee to issue Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson the somber order: "I want Pope to be suppressed." Outnumbered by Pope's forces, Jackson sought an opportunity to attack an isolated portion of the Union command, and discovered one at Cedar Mountain on the severely hot day of August 9, 1862. . . . — Map (db m4445) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — F-100 — Col. John Jameson |
| | Col. John Jameson (1751-1810) owned land nearby. He served as the Culpeper County court clerk (1772-1810) and a captain in the Culpeper Minute Men battalion during the Revolutionary War. In Sept. 1780, while serving under Gen. Benedict Arnold in New York, Jameson following military protocol initially sent Arnold's co-conspirator, Maj. John André to Arnold and forwarded suspicious documents found on André to Gen. George Washington. Jameson requested André’s return after being swayed by Maj. . . . — Map (db m23962) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Culpeper Court House — Battle of Culpeper Court House |
| | Following the Gettysburg Campaign, Federal officials sought to verify rumors that a substantial part of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Confederate army had been detached. On September 13, 1863, Federal cavalry moved down the tracks from your left, under orders to reconnoiter the main Confederate position, about 10 miles south (your right). Southern horsemen under Col. Lunsford Lomax resolved to make a stand on the terrain before you to defend a train being loaded with supplies here at the depot.
. . . — Map (db m8417) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Culpeper Court House — 1863–64 Winter Encampment — Lee vs. Grant – The 1864 Campaign |
| | During the winter of 1863-64, Federal officers quartered in many of Culpeper’s homes. The surrounding landscape was dotted with tents and huts for ten square miles as nearly 100,000 soldiers encamped. Gen. U.S. Grant, commander of all Federal armies, is said to have taken a daily walk to purchase cigars at a pharmacy located in what had been the boyhood home of Confederate Gen. A.P. Hill. Before dawn on May 4, 1864, the Federal soldiers broke camp and marched for Germanna Ford,
10 miles ahead . . . — Map (db m8419) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — J-10 — Culpeper Minute Men |
| | On the hill to the south the famous Culpeper Minute Men were organized in 1775. John Marshall, later chief Justice of the Supreme Court, was a Lieutenant. — Map (db m8321) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Culpeper Minute Men |
| | (Front):In honor of the Culpeper Minute Men 1775 (Left):Their first battle Great Bridge 1775 (Back):Erected by the Culpeper Minute Men Chapter, D.A.R. 1933 (Right):Virginia's First Minute Men — Map (db m13460) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Eppa Rixey Boyhood Home |
| | National Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Eppa Rixey was born on May 3, 1891. Rixey played for the Philadelphia Phillies (NL) and the Cincinnati Reds (NL) during a career that spanned 21 years. He was nicknamed "Jeptha" by a sportswriter who liked the way that it sounded when spoken between "Eppa" and "Rixey." Until his record was surpassed in 1959 by Warren Spahn, his 266 victories were the most by a south paw in the history of the National League. Rixey attended the University of Virginia, . . . — Map (db m12562) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — G-10 — General Edward Stevens |
| | Here is buried General Edward Stevens, who served at Brandywine, Camden, Guilford Courthouse and Yorktown. He died on August 17, 1820. — Map (db m23960) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — F-3 — Greenwood |
| | Home of Judge John Williams Green. Judge Green entertained Lafayette here on August 22, 1825. — Map (db m8641) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Hand-to-Hand Fighting |
| | The focal point on the battlefield of Cedar Mountain was several hundred yards to the left of this location, at a gate where the Crittenden farm lane met the old main road. Confederate artillery around that site duelled enemy guns to their right front: during that firing, General C.S. Winder of the "Stonewall" Brigade was mortally wounded there. The climax of the battle erupted when seven Northern regiments burst from a woods to the left front and pressed nearly to that point. Jackson rode into . . . — Map (db m4438) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Historic Antioch Baptist Church |
| | Among the oldest churches in Culpeper, Antioch Baptist Church originated in the 1850's. Separated from the Mount Pony Baptist Church, Antioch was first called "The African Church," organized in 1859. The first congregation, also referred to as free worshippers, met at a Confederate barracks located near the railroad station. According to Church records, the Antioch Baptist Church was founded in 1865, and under the direction of Reverend Harrison Blair, Henry Lightfoot, Alexander Hart and . . . — Map (db m12687) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — J-6 — John S. Barbour’s Birthplace |
| | Just to the south stood Catalpa, where John Strode Barbour was born on 29 Dec. 1820. In 1849, he was appointed the state’s representative on the board of directors of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The board elected him president in 1851 and he continued in this capacity until he resigned in 1884. Barbour served in the House of Representatives from 1880 to 1886. He also was the chairman of the state Democratic Party committee from 1883 to 1890, and was appointed to the U.S. Senate in March . . . — Map (db m8416) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — F 16 — Lee and Pope |
| | To the south is Clark's Mountain, behind which Lee's army was gathered, August 17, 1862. From a signal station on the mountain top Lee looked down on Pope's army, which he wished to attack. Pope, realizing his danger, retired northward. — Map (db m4433) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — F-25A — Mitchells Presbyterian Church |
| | Built in 1879, this Gothic Revival church stands two miles of this location. It contains an elaborate example of trompe-l’oeil fresco painting done in 1888. Joseph Dominick Phillip Oddenino, an Italian immigrant artist, painted to deceive the eye into believing that his plaster murals of Gothic arches, Renaissance-styled cornices, and embellished Corinthian columns were three dimensional. The ceiling is decorated with geometric designs. — Map (db m23192) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — F 34 — Mount Pony Signal Station |
| | In Aug. 1862, during the Civil War, Union Maj. Gen. John Pope established a signal station on Mount Pony, just northeast of here. On the summit of the mountain, a high scaffold was constructed out of trees for an observation post and a communication center. Because of the good visibility, "powerful glasses" were used to watch troop movements from this vantage point. Both the Federal and Confederate Signal Corps used this site during the war. Other signal stations were built by the Union army on . . . — Map (db m4442) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Mountain Run Watershed |
| | Culpeper has always depended on Mountain Run for its water. The small stream meandered through the town like so many citizens on a Sunday afternoon. But for many years, Mountain Run had a tendency to dry up during the summer months, leaving Culpeper without adequate water. During the spring and winter months, the run proceeded to flood the town and adjacent farms. Much of the flooding was so severe that the Town's power and waste water systems had to be closed. The unpredictability of the water . . . — Map (db m12780) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Pennsylvania |
| | (Front):Pennsylvania remembers with solemn pride Her Heroic Sons who here repose in known and unknown graves may their sacrifice be an inspiration to the people and promote civic virtue, love of liberty, peace, prosperity and happiness in all the states. "Dulce et Decorum est Pro Patria Mori." (Left):In memory of Pennsylvania Soldiers interred in this cemetery(Listing of the soldiers in the cemetery) (Back):Erected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania A.D. 1910 by . . . — Map (db m13457) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Second Massachusetts Infantry |
| | The Second Massachusetts Infantry Have raised this stone in memory of their dead who fell in the Battle of Cedar Mountain Aug - 9 - 1862 — Map (db m13452) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — Seventh Ohio Regiment — 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Corps |
| | Erected by the Seventh Ohio Regimental Association in honor of the officers and soldiers of that regiment who fought in the battle of Cedar Mountain Virginia August 9, 1862 many of whom are buried in unknown graves in this cemetery Killed 37 ——— Wounded 153 Total loss 190 out of 307 present Field and Staff Colonel William R. Creighton Major O.J. Crane, Adj't J. B. Molyneaux (Along the Base): 1st Brig. 2nd Div. 2nd Corps — Map (db m13451) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — J 15 — Signal Stations |
| | The hilltop northeast of this spot is Cole's Hill. The mountain to the west is Mount Pony. Both were used by Pope as signal stations, 1862. — Map (db m4582) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Battle of Cedar Mountain |
| | On August 9, 1862, a Confederate army under "Stonewall" Jackson fought a hot engagement here in the shadow of Cedar Mountain against a Federal force commanded by the brashly confident John Pope. Jackson's army was much stronger, but a bold Federal advance nearly routed the Confederates. When Jackson's reserves under A.P. Hill arrived they stabilized the front and then steadily drove the Union army from the field. Although his brilliant exploits as Lee's right arm were to continue for the nine . . . — Map (db m4443) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Battle of Cedar Mountain — August 9, 1862 |
| | In the summer of 1862 General John Pope formed the Federal Army of Virginia. While the elements of this new 63,000-man army were converging upon Culpeper, Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson saw that part of the Union army - 12,000 men led by Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks - had become isolated here beside Cedar Mountain. Jackson took the opportunity to attack. On the blistering hot afternoon of August 9 the armies clashed in a mismanaged battle, but in the end, Jackson's 24,000 soldiers . . . — Map (db m4444) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Battle of Cedar Mountain — The Artillery Duel |
| | The road to Culpeper ran on the other side of the fence to your right. A line of Confederate cannon angled from this point back to the Crittenden farm lane, currently the paved road along the edge of the field to your right. A second grouping of guns was posted on the shelf of Cedar Mountain and more artillery pieces clustered on a small knoll mid-way between here and the shelf. About 3:30 p.m., a duel erupted with Federal gunners about 2/3 mile away across the field. The barrage continued for . . . — Map (db m4447) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Battle of Cedar Mountain — The Awkward Position of the 21st Virginia |
| | Without the leadership of either Generals Jackson or Winder, subordinate officers formed their men along the edge of woodlines where the ground offered a better field of fire. The men of the 21st Virginia were positioned here just inside the woodline, facing across this field, but they did not face the enemy to their left. About 5:30 p.m. Federal infantry under Gen. C.C. Auger attacked Confederates along the Crittenden Lane. The 21st Virginia found themselves perfectly aligned to fire right . . . — Map (db m4448) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Battle of Cedar Mountain — The Federal Attack Reaches Its Climax |
| | The fighting turned desperate and many combatants struggled hand-to-hand. Some of Crawford's Federal soldiers passed completely behind the 21st Virginia and entered the road near the Confederate artillery line. Confederate soldier John Worsham of the 21st Virginia noted, "I have heard of a 'hell spot' in some battles, this was surely one." He continued, "A great dread filled me for Jackson, because I had seen him at this spot only a moment before." "Stonewall" Jackson was in peril, in the thick . . . — Map (db m4449) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Battle of Cedar Mountain — Jackson Rallies His Men |
| | As the Confederate line broke, "Stonewall" Jackson stood firm and many of his soldiers witnessed the general as he rallied his troops while other officers motivated their men by pointing out the presence of their commanding general. "I recollect well his attempt to draw his long cavalry sabre to help him stop the rout, when he found it so rusted from non use, that he could not withdraw it... so he deliberately unsnapped it from his belt holdings and used it scabbard and all on the heads of . . . — Map (db m4450) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Civil War |
| | Four long years of bitter Civil War devastated Culpeper more than any other community in the country. Savage battles at Cedar Mountain, Kelly's Ford and Brandy Station left thousands of young Americans dead and wounded, and Culpeper's homes, churches and businesses served as hospitals and as blessed shelters for bloodstained men of both armies. Although the sweeping Piedmont between the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers witnessed momentous battles throughout the first three years of the war, the . . . — Map (db m12779) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Culpeper Minute Men |
| | Honoring the Culpeper Minute Men. Virginia's first, who organized in this field & fought their first battle at Great Bridge 1775 Erected by Culpeper Minute Men Chapter, DAR 6-14-71 — Map (db m12710) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Revolutionary War |
| | Shortly after the revolutionary conventions held in the spring and summer of 1775, Culpeper County lieutenant James Barbour began organizing a 300-man battalion in the counties of Culpeper, Orange, and Fauquier. Yowell Meadow, then called Clayton's Old Field, was the first encampment Barbour used for mustering his troops. Barbour's assemblage gathered at Yowell Meadow (Clayton's Old Field) in makeshift tents and plank huts. They wore similarly colored shirts emblazoned with Patrick Henry's . . . — Map (db m12703) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Elkwood — F-10 — Where Pelham Fell |
| | Four miles southeast, at Kelly’s Ford, Major John Pelham, commanding Stuart’s Horse Artillery, was mortally wounded, March 17, 1863. — Map (db m23619) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Kellys Ford — Major John Pelham, C.S.A. |
| | Commanding the Stuart Horse Artillery was mortally wounded at this site in The Battle of Kelly's Ford March 17, 1863 Erected 1981 by Admirers of The Gallant Pelham — Map (db m23618) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Kelly's Ford — J-36 — Battle of Kelly’s Ford |
| | At dawn on 17 March 1863, Brig. Gen. William W. Averell led 2,100 Union cavalrymen across the Rappahannock River at Kelly’s Ford. Brig. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee with about 1,000 Confederate horsemen counterattacked northwest of here about noon. Noted Confederate artillerist Maj. John Pelham accompanied Lee’s men and fell mortally wounded while impetuously taking part in a charge. The battle ended in a draw, marking the first time Confederate cavalrymen had not defeated their Union opponents, resulting . . . — Map (db m2250) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Kelly's Ford — Kelly's Ford |
| | At this site in 1863 the federal forces charged across the river to begin the Battle of Kelly's Ford & Brandy Station. Traces of the ford & John P. Kelly's toll, 1837 to 1862, may still be seen at this point. — Map (db m21330) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Mitchells — Z 279 — Culpeper County / Orange County |
| | (South facing side):
Culpeper County Area 384 Square Miles
Formed in 1748 from Orange, and named for Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia, 1680-1683. The Battle of Cedar Mountain, 1862, was fought in this county.
(North facing side): Orange County
Area 359 Square Miles
Formed in 1734 from Spotsylvania, and named for the Prince of Orange, who in that year married Princess Anne, daughter of King George II. President James Madison lived in this county and President Zachary Taylor was born here. — Map (db m23774) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Mitchells — F-25 — Mitchells Presbyterian Church |
| | This Gothic Revival church, built in 1879, contains an elaborate example of trompe-l’oeil fresco painting done in 1888. Joseph Dominick Phillip Oddenino, an Italian immigrant artist, painted to deceive the eye into believing that his plaster murals of Gothic arches, Renaissance-styled cornices, and embellished Corinthian columns were three dimensional. Oddenino decorated the ceilings at Mitchells Church and Hebron Lutheran Church in Madison with geometric designs. — Map (db m23373) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Rapidan — F 21 — Crooked Run Baptist Church |
| | Crooked Run Baptist Church was organized in 1772 and is named for the stream that flows nearby. James Garnett Sr., one of the early pastors, served the congregation from 1774 until close to his death in 1830. Another member, Thomas Ammon, became a minister and was imprisoned in Culpeper Jail for preaching in the late 1700s. The first meeting of the Orange Baptist Association occurred here in 1789. At first the members met in a meetinghouse, but by 1856 they had built a brick structure. This . . . — Map (db m4737) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Rapidan — J 5 — George Washington Carver Regional High School |
| | George Washington Carver Regional High School was founded in 1948 to serve the educational needs of black students in Culpeper, Madison, Orange, and Rappahannock counties. Secondary schools for blacks in those counties were either nonexistent or inadequate for collegiate preparation. The regional high school was established as an economical solution to these problems. In 1968 the school was renamed the Piedmont Technical Education Center. — Map (db m4455) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Remington — Z-187 — Fauquier County / Culpeper County |
| | Fauquier County
Area 686 Square Miles
Formed in 1759 from Prince William, and named for Francis Fauquier, Governor of Virginia, 1758-1768. Chief Justice John Marshall was born in this County.
Culpeper County
Area 384 Square Miles
Formed in 1748 from Orange, and named for Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia, 1680-1683. The Battle of Cedar mountain, 1862 was fought in this County. — Map (db m2209) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Remington — Francis Hume |
| | Capt
Continental
Line
Indian Wars
Rev War
1730
1813 — Map (db m2529) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Richardsville — John Lederer and Party |
| | East of this site on the Rappahannock River John Lederer and Party of the first white men entered Culpeper County August 20, 1670 Marker presented by Virginia State Society Thomas, Lord Culpeper Chapter Colonial Dames XVII Century November 6, 1983 — Map (db m12899) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Rixeyville — G-9 — Little Fork Church |
| | One-half mile east stands Little Fork Espiscopal Church, begun 1753, destroyed by fire in 1773. Present structure completed in 1776. — Map (db m2683) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Rixeyville — The Little Fork Rangers Monument |
| | 1861.
Affectionately dedicated to
The Little Fork Rangers
{Co. D, 4. Va. Cavalry.}
For heroic deeds, and
Patriotic devotion.
1865.
Firm as the firmest where duty led,
They hurried without falter;
Bold as the boldest they fought and bled,
The battled wore on, but the fields were red,
And the blood of their fresh young hearts was shed,
On their Country’s hallowed altar.
—Ryan
(West face is inscribed with four columns of . . . — Map (db m2689) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Stevensburg — J 33 — Opening of the Wilderness Campaign |
| | Near here the Second Corps of Grant's Army camped in the winter of 1863-64. To this point came Sheridan's cavalry, the Sixth Corps from Brandy Station, and the Fifth Corps from Culpeper. The Union Army moved hence to Germanna and Ely's Fords on the Rapidan River, May 4, 1864, to open the Wilderness Campaign. — Map (db m4585) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Stevensburg — J 32 — Salubria |
| | Just south stands Salubria, a rare estate of Georgian architecture in Virginia's Piedmont. The house is notable for its elegant proportions, fine Flemish-bond brickwork, and superb interior paneling. Salubria probably was constructed in the mid-eighteenth century for the Reverend John Thompson. According to local tradition, he built Salubria in 1742 when he married his first wife Ann Butler, the widow of Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood. In 1802 James Hansbrough bought the property and . . . — Map (db m4580) |
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