| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Brownsville — Brashear House |
| | John A. Brashear, astronomer, educator, was born here 1840. His grandfather kept the Brashear House, a leading tavern. In 1825 Lafayette spoke from its doorway to the people of Brownsville. — Map (db m746) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Brownsville — 17 — Brownsville |
| | Once called Redstone Old Fort, its history includes the Ohio Company storehouse, 1854, and Fort Burd, 1759. It was on the route of Nemacolin's Trail, of Burd's Road, and of the National Road. — Map (db m250) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Brownsville — Brownsville - Route 40 Bridge |
| | ASM International has designated Brownsville - Route 40 Bridge an historical landmark. This bridge, designed by and built under the supervision of Capt. Richard Delafield in 1839 to improve the "National Road", is the first cast iron bridge to be built west of the Allegheny Mountains. — Map (db m252) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Brownsville — Dunlap’s Creek Bridge |
| | An integral part of the National Road, this was the first metal arch bridge in the United States, built 1836-39. Replacing several earlier bridges on this site, including an 1809 Finley suspension bridge, this 80-foot span was built of cast iron by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Capt. Richard Delafield and Lieut. George W. Cass oversaw construction. — Map (db m251) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Brownsville — Philander Knox |
| | Born May 6, 1853 in a house still standing on Front Street. Attorney-General in 1901, leading the anti-trust fight. A U.S. Senator, 1904–09. Secretary of State under Taft. Re-elected Senator in 1917. Died in 1921.
— Map (db m747) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Brownsville — Redstone Old Fort |
| | This tablet is erected by the Great Meadows Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, to mark the site of the Redstone Old Fort, accredited to the Mound Builders. It is also the site of Fort Burd, built by the British in 1759, under Colonel James Burd. In 1786 Jacob Bowman established a trading post at the old fort. This point on the Monongahela River was the western end of Chief Nemacolin's trail. — Map (db m247) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Brownsville — The First Cast Iron Bridge |
| | The first cast iron bridge built in the United States, was built in 1836-1839 over Dunlap's Creek at this point. — Map (db m253) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — A Secret Grave |
| | Maj. Gen. Edward Braddock—commander-in-chief of British forces in North America—traveled over the road trace below on June 25, 1755. Marching north with his 2,400-man army, the 60-year-old Braddock was under orders to capture Fort Duquesne and force the French from the Upper Ohio Valley.
However, disaster struck a few miles from Fort Duquesne on July 9. There they collided with about 200 French and 600 Indians. Disorganization and fear seized the British as they suffered about . . . — Map (db m339) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — Braddock Park |
| | Gen. Edward Braddock was buried here in 1755, after his disastrous defeat and death. The site of his original grave, the new grave to which his remains were moved in 1804, and a trace of the Braddock Road may be seen here. — Map (db m310) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — Braddock’s Grave |
| | Here lieth the remains of Major General Edward Braddock who, in command of the 44th and 48th regiments of English Regulars, was mortally wounded in an engagement with the French and Indians under the command of Captain M. de Beaujeu at the Battle of Monongahela within ten miles of Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg, July 9, 1755. He was borne back with the retreating army to the Old Orchard Camp about one fourth of a mile west of this park where he died July 13, 1775. Lieutenant Colonel George . . . — Map (db m304) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — Braddock’s Original Grave Site |
| | This tablet marks the spot where Major-General Edward Braddock was buried, July 14th, 1755. His remains were removed in 1804 to the site of the present monument. — Map (db m343) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — First Roads to the West |
| | Before the Europeans, only Indian trails led through virgin forests that once stretched beyond the horizon. About 1750 Nemacolin, a Delaware Indian, blazed a trail past here for the Ohio Company. Four years later, Virginia militia under Lt. Col. George Washington cut a narrow "road" through this wilderness from present-day Cumberland, Maryland to beyond Fort Necessity.
In 1755, Maj. Gen. Edward Braddock's British army widened Washington's road and extended it to the Monongahela River. . . . — Map (db m333) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — Fort Necessity |
| | Fort Necessity was located about 400 yards to the south in the Great Meadows. Built and commanded, 1754 by Lieutenant Colonel George Washington, aged 22. Here, after 9 hours engagement with M. Coulon de Villiers in command of 900 French regulars and their Indian allies, Washington and his 400 raw Virginia ans South Carolina troops capitulated and early next morning July 4, 1954 marched out with the honors of war. — Map (db m341) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — Mount Washington Tavern |
| | This tavern once bustled with activity. Judge Nathaniel Ewing of Uniontown built it about 1830, then sold in in 1840 to James Sampey, who ran the tavern with his family. Mount Washington Tavern was a stage stop for the Good Intent Stage Line, one of many stage lines using the National Road. This was one of the finer taverns along the road, catering to stagecoach passengers.
Once inside, travelers cleaned up from their long day's trip, then ate a hot meal in the dining room. Later, the women . . . — Map (db m347) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — Mt. Washington Presbyterian Church |
| | Preaching the Word and Preserving the Heritage. Organized March 24, 1842, the first congregation of this church worshipped in a log building which is preserved as the thirty feet square sanctuary of the existing structure. The church is located only one-half mile east of Fort Necessity on the National Pike (earlier Braddock Road and Nemacolin Trail) and was organized eighty-eight years following twenty-two year old Lt. Col. George Washington's encounter with French troops at the Fort. — Map (db m348) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — 2 — National Road |
| | Our first national road; fathered by Albert Gallatin. Begun in 1811 at Cumberland, Md.; completed to Wheeling in 1818. Toll road under State control, 1835-1905. Rebuilt, it is present U.S. Route 40. — Map (db m340) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — Road to Disaster |
| | On June 25, 1755, the largest army assembled in North America up to that time passed this spot. British Maj. Gen. Edward Braddock led the first 1,400 soldiers of his 2,400-man army along a 12-foot-wide road. Lt. Col. Thomas Dunbar lagged behind with 1,000 men and the army's supplies. Braddock's goal of expelling the French from Fort Duquesne (present-day Pittsburgh) was thwarted when his advance troops collided with a force of French and Indians.
On July 14, what remained of that once proud . . . — Map (db m338) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — The Great Meadows |
| | This tablet marks the site of The Great Meadows where Lt. Col. George Washington fought his first battle and made his first and last surrender, July 3-4, 1754. — Map (db m502) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — The Great Meadows Campaign |
| | “Up to this time the colonies have been acting as entirely separate and independent states.” From message of Governor James Glenn to the South Carolina Assembly, March 5, 1754.
The Great Meadows Campaign marked the first active united action on the part of the colonies. Here soldiers from Virginia and South Carolina fought together against a common foe. Troops from New York and North Carolina were marching to reinforce them. Pennsylvania voted 10,000 pounds and . . . — Map (db m1113) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — The National Road |
| | This "National Road" connected east and west in the 1800s. George Washington proposed a route to join the western frontier to the eastern seaboard in the late 1700s. His idea was later promoted by Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison—and Congress authorized the road in 1806.
Work started in 1811. While a privately funded road connected Baltimore with Cumberland, Maryland, this first federally funded highway tied Cumberland to . . . — Map (db m342) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — The Old Braddock Road |
| | This tablet marks a well preserved scar of the Old Braddock Trail, one of the most historic pioneer highways in all America.
Here, Nemacolin and his associates blazed the trail that became a National Highway.
• Here, passed the laden pack horse train that carried the Gist settlers to the first Anglo-Saxon settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains.
• Here, George Washington, the youthful ambassador, with is escort passed on his way to the French forts.
Over this route marched Captain . . . — Map (db m327) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Farmington — The Polo Player |
| | William Behrends — The Polo Player. The bronze Polo Player is the work of William Behrends, one of the nation's foremost sculptors. Educated both in the U.S.A. and Europe, Behrends has won some of the nation's top sculpture awards. His commissioned works are on display at the New York Hilton, the Tennessee state capitol building, in the Charleston, SC city hall, in the main atrium of the beautiful Renaissance Center in Detroit, and at the Houston Astrodome.
He is most famous for his portrait sculpture and lifesize works.
— Map (db m503) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Grindstone — 2 — National Road |
| | Our first national road; fathered by Albert Gallatin. Begun in 1811 at Cumberland, Md.; completed to Wheeling in 1818. Toll road under State control, 1835-1905. Rebuilt, it is present U.S. Route 40. — Map (db m256) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Hopwood — Braddock Road - Rock Fort Camp |
| | General Braddock’s tenth camp, June 26, 1755, on the march to Fort Duquesne, was at the Half King’s Rock, one mile NE of here. The Rock was named for Washington’s friend Tanacharisson, the Iroquois viceroy (half king) of the Ohio Indians. Washington met him here in 1754. — Map (db m507) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Hopwood — Washington–Braddock Road 1754–1756 |
| | Remnant of the Great Rock or the Half King’s Rock mentioned by early cartographers.
The famous Washington-Braddock Road emerging from Laurel Hill Mountain one hundred yards eastward turned northward at this point.
Rock Fort Camp, where Braddock’s army encamped June 28, 1755, was situated one hundred fifty yards to the northward. Two miles beyond are Washington’s first battlefield, 1754, Jumonville’s grave and Dunbar’s camp 1765. — Map (db m506) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Hopwood — Washington’s Spring |
| | This spring lies in the direct path of what was known as Nemacolin’s Trail. Afterwards Braddock’s Road, and was a favorite sampling spot in early days.
George Washington visited here first in November, 1753, and again in May, 1954. On the night of June 26, 1755, he camped here with General Braddock and his army, on their memorable advance toward Fort Duquesne. — Map (db m505) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Jumonville — Braddock Road - Dunbar’s Camp |
| | General Braddock’s army ascended the ridge east of this point and advanced toward Gist’s Plantation. Col. Dunbar’s detachment, following with the heavy baggage, made its last camp here. Later, as Braddock’s defeated army streamed back, Dunbar destroyed his supplies and withdrew. — Map (db m504) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Markleysburg — Braddock Road — Twelve Springs Camp |
| | General Braddock's eighth camp, June 25, 1755, on the march to Fort Duquesne, was about half a mile S.W. Chestnut Ridge, seen on the horizon to the west, was the last mt. range to be crossed. Axemen widened an Indian path for passage of supply wagons and artillery over it. — Map (db m349) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Masontown — Fort Mason |
| | Built as a blockhouse in 1774–78 by John Mason. It was a settler’s fefuge in Revolutionary days. The site of the fort was nearby. Later rebuilt on Main Street as a dwelling. — Map (db m20334) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Uniontown — George C. Marshall |
| | Born in Uniontown on December 31, 1880 and known as “Flicker” during his youth, General of the Army and Chief of Staff. George Catlett Marshall was the organizer of the Allied victory in WWII and later served as the Secretary of State and as Secretary of Defense. In recognition of the contribution of his Marshall Plan to the economic recovery of war-ravaged Europe, he received the Nobel Peace Prize. He died in Washington, D.C. on October 16, 1959. — Map (db m1139) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Uniontown — Searight’s Tollhouse |
| | Erected by Pennsylvania, 1835, to collect tolls on the old National Road. Administered by The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission — Map (db m257) |
| Pennsylvania (Fayette County), Uniontown — Underground Railroad |
| | The path to freedom led this way for slaves fleeing the South in the years before the Civil War. Here, they were given haven and helped along their journey by local people, through one of the key stations on the Underground Railroad, in a house on Baker Alley. — Map (db m1115) |
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