| Maryland (Frederick County), Adamstown — Carroll's Mill |
| | Stone structure nearby was flour mill built in 1812 by Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832), wealthy landowner and signer of the Declaration of Independence. Site was within his 17,000-acre wilderness tract called "Carrollton Manor." He deeded the mill to Sarah Ann Hoffman in 1821, and subsequent owners were named Doub, Copeland and Smith. — Map (db m10449) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Adamstown — Carrollton Manor — Green Corn March — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | On Saturday, September 6, 1862, the Army of Northern Virginia was spread along the entire length of Buckeystown Turnpike all the way to Frederick. The soldiers camped in the fields on either side of the road on the evenings of September 5-6, and by the next day most of the army was camped south of Frederick. On their way the Confederates stripped the nearby fields of green corn. Too much of this corn put many of the soldiers out of commission for several days with . . . — Map (db m1738) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — 1862 Antietam Camapign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain gaps, Lee . . . — Map (db m1520) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — 19th Century Backpacker — The Civil War Soldier — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | An unnamed citizen of Frederick City said the following of the Confederates he had beheld marching through his hometown: “I have never seen a mass of such filthy strong-smelling men. Three in a room would make it unbearable, and when marching in column along the street the smell from them was most offensive... The filth that pervades them is most remarkable... They have no uniforms, but are all well armed and equipped, and have become so inured to hardships that they care but little for . . . — Map (db m1521) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — Battle at South Mountain — A Natural Barrier — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | The Battle of South Mountain erupted on September 14, 1862, when elements of the Union army tried to drive the Confederate rear guard from Crampton’s, Fox’s, and Turner’s Gaps and break through to the western side of the mountain to attack Confederates there. When Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia marched into Maryland earlier in the month, he was looking for supplies and recruits for a possible invasion of Pennsylvania. He hoped while resting men at Frederick . . . — Map (db m1519) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — Civil War Hospital Site — Henry Shoemaker House |
| | Civil War Hospital Site
The Henry Shoemaker House was used as a hospital site during the Maryland Campaign 1862.
Private Property courtesy of S.H.A.F — Map (db m4953) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — John Collins |
| | Native of Frederick County, skilled hunter and a superintendent of provisions with the Lewis and Clark expedition, John Collins was the first Marylander to cross the North American continent. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were charged by Thomas Jefferson to lead an expedition to find a water route to the Pacific. From 1804 to 1806 the Corps of Discovery traveled 8,000 miles as they documented their encounters with inhabitants, identified natural resources and mapped the interior of western North America. — Map (db m1904) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — Maryland Campaign of 1862 / The Lost Orders |
| | (Left Side) On September 4, 1862, General Robert E. Lee, hoping to shorten the war by winning a decisive victory on Northern soil, crossed the Potomac River into Maryland. Lee planned to draw the Army of the Potomac through South Mountain into Pennsylvania and fight on ground of his choosing. His plan depended on securing his supply line down the Shenandoah Valley past Harpers Ferry—then garrisoned by nearly 13,000 Federal troops. When the Federals did not withdraw, Lee decided to . . . — Map (db m2040) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — South Mountain Summit — What an Ideal Location for a Break! |
| | As early as 1750, Robert Turner bought land here on the top of South Mountain. The date of construction is unknown, but by 1790 a full-fledged inn was in operation at “Turner’s Gap.” Since then, the building has been in almost continuous use as an inn, tavern or private residence. After the steep climb up South Mountain’s slope, horsemen, stagecoach drivers and passengers, even drover and teamsters, reveled in the luxury of the famous “Mountain House.” During its . . . — Map (db m1600) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T.P. 1 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 1 |
| | Between September 4th and 7th, 1862, the Army of Northern Virginia, General Robert E. Lee, commanding, crossed the Potomac near Leesburg and occupied Frederick, Maryland. On the 10th a movement was made to surround and capture the Union forces at Harper's Ferry. Early that morning Major-General T. J. Jackson, with Jackson's (Stonewall) Division and the divisions of R.S. Ewell and A.P Hill, left Frederick, marched over South Mountain at this Pass, crossed the Potomac near Williamsport on the . . . — Map (db m1594) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 2 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 2 |
| | In the advance of the Union forces to repel the invasion of Maryland by the Confederates, the Army of the Potomac commanded by Major General Geo. B. McClellan, moved northward from Washington with its front extending from near the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the Potomac River. On September 12th, Cox Kanawha Division of the Ninth Corps, occupied Frederick. On the 13th Pleasonton's Union cavalry, moving from Frederick on the National Road, forced the passage of Catoctin Mountain, Stuart's . . . — Map (db m1595) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 3 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 3 |
| | Hill's five brigades were encamped at and around Boonsboro to prevent the escape of the Union forces at Harper's Ferry, through Pleasant Valley. Informed that two Union brigades were approaching Turner's Pass, Hill, on the evening of September 13, ordered Colquitt's and Garland's Brigades from Boonsboro, to dispute the passage of the mountain. Colquitt, with Lane's battery of Georgia Artillery, moved nearly to the east foot of the mountain and formed north of this road. During the night . . . — Map (db m1596) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 4 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 4 |
| | Cox’s Division of the Ninth Corps moved from Middletown at 6 A. M., September 14, by the Frederick and Hagerstown Pike, turned to the left at Koogle’s Mill, on the Catoctin, nearly four miles southeast of this, and, marching on the old Sharpsburg road, at 9 A. M. encountered Garland’s Brigade immediately south of Fox's Gap one mile south of this. A severe contest resulted in the death of General Garland, the dispersion of his Brigade, and Cox established himself on the crest of the mountain. . . . — Map (db m1597) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 5 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 5 |
| | During the contest at Fox's Gap, Hooker's (First) Corps was operating east and northeast of this point. The First Corps left the Monocacy at daybreak, passed through Frederick and Middletown and between 3 and 4 P. M., leaving Gibbon's Brigade on the main pike, turned to the right at Bolivar, nearly two miles southeast of this, and, marching on the old Hagerstown road, passed Mt. Tabor Church and formed line about one and a quarter miles east of this, Meade's Division on the right, Hatch's on . . . — Map (db m1598) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 6 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 6 |
| | When Hooker moved to the right at Bolivar by way of the Hagerstown road, Gibbon continued on the main road and attacked Colquitt, in position about 700 yards southeast of this point. He drove Colquitt's skirmishers and reached the bend in the road in Colquitt's front, but was unable to drive Colquitt, and bivouacked in his front. When darkness put an end to the engagement, Cox's Division of the Ninth Corps held the summit of the mountain, south of Fox's Gap. Hooker's First Corps gained the high . . . — Map (db m1599) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Braddock Heights — Hagan’s Tavern — If walls could talk.. |
| | The National Road has borne witness to many notorious comings and goings. The quiet atmosphere you’ll find at Hagan’s Tavern today is quite different from the raucous bawdiness of yesteryear. This tavern was a “place where the old bloats of the neighborhood would gather on Saturday and public days to run horses, fight chickens, drink bad whiskey, and black each others eyes.” It was also a political stomping ground where “cooping” commonly occurred, a practice . . . — Map (db m2247) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Brunswick — Berlin |
| | First called Berlin, later Barry, and finally named Brunswick in 1890, the town's fortunes fluctuated with the times. The canal was built here in 1834 and a large gristmill, powered by canal water, was built on the canal across from the towpath. During the Civil War the town grew to 500 people but dwindled to 200 by 1890. In that year the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad built its switchyard center and repair shops here. The town continued to prosper until the railroad moved most of its operations elsewhere. — Map (db m4333) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Brunswick — Brunswick — Formerly Berlin — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | Union troops pursuing the Confederate army to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 crossed the Potomac River here. Called Berlin at the time of the Civil War, this town truly experienced the challenges of life on the border. Both the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad here were military targets. The town would be relocated, grow and gain its new name as the railroad achieved greater commercial influence after the war. Still, it was an important . . . — Map (db m1863) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Brunswick — M-5 "JEB Stuart" Tank |
| | In 1921, a group of Veterans built and dedicated this park to honor WWI Veterans. Originally, a WWI Howitzer Cannon was located on this concrete pedestal. The citizens of Brunswick were called upon to donate the cannon for the WWII scrap drive. The defense department promised a tank would be provided following the WWII victory. A M-5 "Jeb Stuart" Tank was presented to the people of Brunswick on August 31, 1946. The M-5 Stuart Tank was an American light reconnaissance tank used during WWII. The . . . — Map (db m26716) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Brunswick — Train No. 286 Bell Memorial |
| | (below the window) Preserve the memory of train crew by ringing this bell for Ricky, Jimmy and Jim.
(above the window) The bricks which make up the base of the bell memorial came from the B & O roundhouse that once stood in Brunswick, Maryland. The bell is similar to the one that was aboard car #7762 on #P-286 on February 16, 1996.
(adjacent stone marker) In memory • Ricky Orr, Engineer • Jimmy Major Jr., Conductor • Jim Quillen, Asst. Conductor • Heroes of P#286 . . . — Map (db m1981) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Brunswick — Water Power |
| | Canal water was an important ingredient in the production of "C.F. Wenner's Choice Family Flour." Brunswick businessman Charles F. Wenner drew surplus water from the canal near Lock 30 to power the wheels and turbines of his flour mill. Wenner was one of several 19th century entrepreneurs who expanded the use of the C&O Canal beyond navigational purposes. Along the canal other businessmen built mills that processed items such as corn, wheat, cotton, and lime. The mills served as the foundation . . . — Map (db m4334) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Buckeystown — “Carrollton” |
| | Patented for 10,000 acres to Charles and Daniel Carroll, Mary and Ellinor Carroll 1st April 1724. It was from this tract that Charles Carroll assumed the title “Charles Carroll of Carrollton” when signing the Declaration of Independence. — Map (db m1736) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Buckeystown — Buckeystown |
| | This street scene photo taken on the bridge crossing Rocky Fountain Creek around 1870, clearly shows the three white tannery buildings on the east side of Buckeystown Pike. The tanning of animal hides was the town's earliest industry. The red brick house on the hill above the tannery buildings is the Baker family home. Daniel Baker purchased the property from the Buckeys in 1830. Across the street on the west side of Buckeystown Pike at the top of the hill, is a red brick house built circa . . . — Map (db m19385) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Buckeystown — Buckeystown Park — Soldiers’ Shortcake — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | On the south end of this park, the road from Urbana to Buckeystown crossed the Monocacy River over a stone bridge. Some of the Confederate troops camped here on September 6, 1862, while some crossed the bridge to bivouac on a knoll overlooking the river on the south side of the road on William Graff’s farm. On September 13, Union Gen. William B. Franklin’s VI Corps passed by here on the march from Urbana, and halted for an hour at the apple and peach orchards near the Dalaplaine (Michael’s) . . . — Map (db m1737) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — “Sealed With Their Lives” |
| | Just before the Confederate line along Mountain Church Road gave way, Brigadier General Howell Cobb arrived in Crampton’s Gap with his Georgia and North Carolina troops. After meeting with Colonel Thomas Munford, who had been directing the battle, Cobb allowed Munford to deploy Cobb’s troops. Munford ordered the 15th North Carolina to the Arnoldstown Road. There they took a position behind a stone wall facing Whipp’s Ravine. The 24th Georgia was ordered into the ravine while Cobb’s Legion . . . — Map (db m2060) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain . . . — Map (db m1958) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Bartlett Leads the Way |
| | Colonel Joseph J. Bartlett, the Commander of the Second Brigade of Franklin’s First Division, found himself in a curious position. As a brigade commander, Bartlett chose both the field across which Franklin’s Corps would attack and the formation for the attack. Bartlett wrote: “I suggested the formation of the three brigades, in column of regiments, deployed, two regiments front, at 100 paces interval between lines (that would give us six lines); that the head of the column should be . . . — Map (db m2151) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Battle for Crampton’s Gap — “Sealed With Their Lives” — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | The Battle of South Mountain struck Crampton’s Gap late in the afternoon of September 14, 1862, when Union Gen. William B. Franklin finally ordered an attack against Confederate Gen. Lafayette McLaws’s force here. As the Confederate defensive line along the Mountain Church Road began to disintegrate, Gen. Howell Cobb arrived in Whipp’s ravine with reinforcements to stop the Federal onrush. Soon, they were surrounded on three sides. Lt. Col. Jefferson Lamar, leading Cobb’s Georgia Legion, . . . — Map (db m1909) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Brownsville Pass: Semmes’ Gamble |
| | General Robert E. Lee directed Major General Lafayette McLaws to close in on the Federal garrison at Harper’s Ferry via Elk Ridge, west of South Mountain. McLaws’ route from Frederick took him through Middletown, where he turned southwest on the Middletown-Burkittsville Road. At Burkittsville, he marched southwest to Brownsville Pass. McLaws left Brigadier General Paul Semmes and his brigade at the western foot of the mountain at Brownsville on September 11. Semmes stayed at Brownsville until . . . — Map (db m2159) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Burial: A Most Disagreeable Task |
| | The treatment of soldiers killed in action depended on which army held the battlefield after the guns fell silent. At South Mountain a few men from each Union regiment were assigned to burial details. To prevent the spread of disease, they lined up the dead where they fell and hurriedly buried them in shallow trenches. Under the best of circumstances it was not pleasant duty. The burial details processed their own dead first, often identifying bodies by notes pinned to the dead soldiers' . . . — Map (db m2145) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Burkittsville — Houses of Worship Become Houses of Misery — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | Union surgeons turned Burkittsville, a quiet rural village of some 200 people, into a hospital complex after the September 14, 1862, Battle of Crampton’s Gap. The building in front of you, the German Reformed Church, was Hospital D. Twenty-year-old Henrietta Biser gasped when she saw the church pews strewn in the front yard and “a pile of amputated limbs lying just inside the door of the church. Blood was running...over the floor...and things were torn to pieces.” Henry M. Wiener . . . — Map (db m1864) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Burkittsville: Henry Burkitt’s Town |
| | The first settlers in this area cleared their farm land and raised their families along two Indian trails that crossed here. Joshua Harley, one of these pioneers and a veteran of the American Revolution, started the settlement’s first dry goods store. In 1824 Harley’s store became Harley’s post office. Henry Burkitt moved here from Pennsylvania about 1825 and laid out a town along the east-west trail, subdividing larger tracts bought from his neighbors. In 1829, Burkitt donated property on . . . — Map (db m2051) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Chew’s Ashby Artillery |
| | Captain R. Preston Chew organized Chew’s Ashby Artillery, the first “horse artillery” in the Confederate army, in November 1861. He named it for Colonel Turner Ashby. Chew’s battery bosted a 3 in ordinance rifle, a 12-pounder smoothbore howitzer, and an English Blakeley rifle. Blakeley guns were not commonly used during the Civil War. The battery, attached to Colonel Thomas T. Munford’s cavalry brigade, crossed the Potomac River on September 7. They followed Munford to Burkittsville . . . — Map (db m2055) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Cobb’s Brigade McLaw’s Division C.S.A. — Lt. Col. Jefferson M. Lamar & Cobbs Georgia Legion |
| | Cobb’s Brigade McLaw’s Division C.S.A. ——•••—— At 1 P.M. on September 14, 1862, Cobb’s Brigade under Gen. Howell Cobb of Athens, GA. marched from Sandy Hook to Brownsville at the west foot of South Mountain. At 4 P.M., as Cobb’s Brigade reached Brownsville, word came that the Union VI Corps, numbering 12,000 troops, was attacking Crampton’s Gap. The sole Confederate troops stationed there were Col. William A. Parham’s Brigade augmented . . . — Map (db m1964) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — C.P. 5 — Confederate Forces — Munford’s Brigade and Mahone’s Brigade |
| | Confederate Forces Col. T. T. Munford, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, Commanding, Munford’s Brigade, 2nd & 12th Virginia Cavalry. Mahone’s Brigade, Lt. Col. Wm. A. Parham, 41st Virginia, Commanding. 6th, 12th, 16th, 41st, and 61st Virginia Infantry (September 14, 1862) Upon the approach of the Sixth Corps, Army of the Potomac, Munford’s Cavalry fell back through Jefferson and Burkittsville and prepared to dispute the passage of South Mountain. Mahone’s Brigade was marched over Crampton’s Pass . . . — Map (db m2045) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — C.P. 1 — Crampton’s Pass Tablet C.P. 1 |
| | Between September 4th and 7th, 1862, the Army of Northern Virginia, General Robert E. Lee, Commanding, crossed the Potomac near Leesburg, and occupied Frederick, Maryland. On the 10th a movement was made to surround and capture the Union forces at Harpers Ferry. Early that morning General T. J. Jackson with Jackson’s (Stonewall) Division and the Divisions of R. S. Ewell. and A. P. Hill left Frederick, marched over South Mountain at Turner’s Pass, six miles north of this, crossed the Potomac . . . — Map (db m2020) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — C.P. 3 — Crampton’s Pass Tablet C.P. 3 |
| | (September 14, 1862) Upon the approach of the Sixth Corps, Army of the Potomac, from Jefferson, Col. T. T. Munford, Commanding Cavalry Brigade, prepared to dispute its advance through this Pass. Mahone’s Brigade, Lt. Col. Parham, Commanding, was put in position at the foot of the mountain, with the Cavalry, dismounted, on either flank. Chew’s (Va.) Battery of Horse Artillery and two guns of Grimes’ Portsmouth (Va.) Battery were placed half way up the mountain; later in the day Grimes’ guns . . . — Map (db m2023) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — First New Jersey Brigade |
| | 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Infantry and Hexamer’s Battery
September 14, 1862
Late in the afternoon the brigade advanced from the fields north and west of Burkittsville, charged up the mountain, carried this point and followed the enemy to the west foot of the mountain. Loss in the brigade 40 killed, 134 wounded. — Map (db m2061) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — GATH: The Man and His Mountain |
| | George Alfred Townsend, known by his pen name of “GATH,” was born in Georgetown, Delaware, in 1841. One of the youngest and most renowned special correspondents of his time, he reported on politics and war in both the United States and abroad. In 1860, Gath’s natural talent and classical education earned him a job with the Philadelphia Inquirer. In 1861 he transferred to the New York Herald, where he reported on the Civil War. Noted for investigative . . . — Map (db m2038) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — George Alfred Townsend — A Man and His Mountain — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | None of the structures you see here in Crampton’s Gap existed during the battle on September 14, 1862. George Alfred Townsend constructed all the stone buildings and walls, as well as the Correspondents’ Arch, between 1884 and 1896. Townsend, perhaps the most widely published Civil War correspondent of his time and the author of 21 books, wrote under the pseudonym GATH, which was derived from his initials plus the letter H. His father, a Methodist minister, gave Townsend a strong . . . — Map (db m1931) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — C.P. 2 — Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws' Command |
| | C. S. A. Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws' Command (September 12-13, 1862) McLaws’ Command consisted of Kershaw’s, Barksdale’s, Semmes’ and Cobb’s Brigades of his own Division and R. H. Anderson’s Division of six Brigades-Wilcox’s, Mahone’s, Featherston’s, Armistead’s, Wright’s and Pryor’s. On the morning of the 12th, Kershaw and Barksdale crossed Pleasant Valley, ascended Maryland Heights at Solomon’s Gap and moving along the crest of the heights, attacked and drove the Union forces from the . . . — Map (db m2021) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Maryland Campaign of 1862 / The Lost Orders |
| | (Left Side) On September 4, 1862, General Robert E. Lee, hoping to shorten the war by winning a decisive victory on Northern soil, crossed the Potomac River into Maryland. Lee planned to draw the Army of the Potomac through South Mountain into Pennsylvania and fight on ground of his choosing. His plan depended on securing his supply line down the Shenandoah Valley past Harpers Ferry—then garrisoned by nearly 13,000 Federal troops. When the Federals did not withdraw, Lee decided to . . . — Map (db m2039) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Medal of Honor Recipients |
| | In July 1862 Congress authorized the president to present medals to soldiers of the United States Army for gallant and meritorious service. On September 14, 1862, two soldiers so distinguished themselves during the fighting at Crampton’s Gap that they would later be awarded this “Congressional Medal of Honor.” The 4th Vermont pursued Munford’s retreating Virginians from the stone wall near the foot of South Mountain to an unused wagon track on the eastern slope of the mountain. . . . — Map (db m2152) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Mell Rifles & Troup Light Artillery |
| | (Front Side): The Mell Rifles, Co. D, Cobb’s Legion Infantry, was raised in Athens, GA. in July 1861, by Patrick Hues Mell, Baptist minster and Vice Chancellor of the University of Georgia. After Mell resigned due to his wife’s death, Thomas U. Camak was named commander. John Boswell Cobb, Robert Goodman, and W.A. Winn were named lieutenants. Noncommissioned officers were J.F. Wilson, Wm. A. Gilleland, S.P. Kenney, G.W. Barber, J.J. Mattox, and L.H. Horne. The unit fought throughout . . . — Map (db m2044) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Padgett’s Field: Confederate Last Stand |
| | On September 14, 1862, this area was an open field belonging to George W. Padgett. A wooden, rail fence lined the road on the east. A low, stone wall bordered the field to the west. As the shattered remnants of Brigadier General Howell Cobb’s force streamed up Whipp’s Ravine and through the gap toward the safety of Pleasant Valley, Cobb attempted to check the retreat. He would put up a “last ditch” defense here on the summit of Crampton's Gap. With most of his troops in headlong . . . — Map (db m2144) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — C.P. 4 — Sixth Army Corps |
| | U. S. A. Sixth Army Corps. Major Gen. W. B. Franklin, Commanding (September 14, 1862) The Sixth Corps consisted of two Divisions commanded by Major Generals H. W. Slocum and W. F. Smith. On the march of the Army of the Potomac through Maryland, this Corps with Couch’s Division, Fourth Corps, temporarily attached, formed the left of the advancing line. It moved through Tennallytown, Darnestown, Poolesville and Barnesville, reaching Buckeystown, west of the Monocacy, 12 miles southwest of . . . — Map (db m2024) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — The Battle of South Mountain |
| | In September, 1862, after the second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee led his victorious Confederates on their first invasion of the North. At Frederick, Md. he boldly divided his army. Three columns (No. 1) were to surround and capture the Federal garrison at Harpers Ferry and then reunite with Lee and Longstreet (No. 2) at Boonsboro and Hagerstown and continue north. Gen. George McClellan’s strong Union army (No. 3) was hot on Lee’s heels, threatening to overrun his divided units. . . . — Map (db m2032) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — The Stage is Set |
| | On the evening of September 13, 1862, Confederate cavalry under Brigadier General Wade Hampton and Colonel Thomas Munford occupied the Crampton’s Gap/Burkittsville vicinity. Early on the 14th, Major General J.E.B. Stuart, en route to Harpers Ferry, met with Munford and Hampton. Stuart took Hampton’s cavalry with him, leaving Munford’s 2nd and 12th Virginia Cavalry regiments behind. Late that morning Munford, who had fewer than 300 troopers, spotted a large Federal force approaching his position . . . — Map (db m2150) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Troup Light Artillery |
| | Organized in 1858 as the National Artillery, this unit changed its name to the Troup Light Artillery in honor of the former Georgia governor George W. Troup. It became a part of Cobb’s Legion when the war began. During the Maryland Campaign, the battery had two ten-pound Parrott rifles and two smoothbore bronze howitzers, a twelve-pounder called “Jennie” and a six-pounder named the “Sallie Craig.” Cobb’s Legion, including the Troup Light Artillery, was part of Major . . . — Map (db m2143) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — War Correspondents — Memorial Arch |
| |
Speed - Heed
Sept. 14 - 62 - 96
To the Army Correspondents
and Artists 1861-65
Whose toils cheered the fireside
Educated provinces of rustics into
a bright nation of readers
and gave incentive to narrate
distant wars and explore dark lands.
Erected by subscriptions 1896
(North side)
O wondrous youth
Through this grand ruth
Runs my boy's life, its thread
The General's fame, the battle's name
The rolls of maimed and dead
I bear with . . . — Map (db m13977) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Dickerson — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m4028) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Dickerson — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion & Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m4033) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — "To Lift a Nation" |
| | Three firemen raised a flag at ground zero in silent tribute to those brave firefighters who answered the call. This noble flag is raised permanently in honor of those heroes and all who serve this great nation. May God continue to bless America! Sculptor: Stan Watts. — Map (db m19023) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Amleto Cardinal Cicognani — National Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes |
| | In Memoriam
Amleto Cardinal Cicognani
Apostolic delegate to the United States 1933-1958
Cardinal Secretary of State 1958-1973
Under Pope John XXIII - Paul VI
While serving as apostolic delegate to the United States Amleto Cardinal Cicognani frequently sought the beauty and spiritual solace of this historical sanctuary through private pilgrimages - often, with a bouquet of flowers to present to our Lady in thanksgiving.
His great devotion inspired a vision of the . . . — Map (db m17365) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Army of the Potomac — July 1 1863 |
| | First Corps Marched from Marsh Run. Eleventh Corps from Emmitsburg to Gettysburg. Second Corps from Uniontown via Taneytown to near Gettysburg. Third Corps from Bridgeport via Emmitsburg to the Field of Gettysburg. Fifth Corps from Union Mills via Hanover and McSherrystown to Bonaughtown. Sixth Corps from Manchester en route to Gettysburg. Twelfth Corps from Littlestown via Two Taverns to the Field of Gettysburg. Second Cavalry Division marched from Manchester to Hanover Junction from whence . . . — Map (db m19296) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Army of the Potomac — July 4, 1863 |
| | First and Second Brigades, First Cavalry Division marched from Westminster and the Reserve Cavalry, First Cavalry Division from Gettysburg en route to Frederick. Second Brigade Second Cavalry Division from Westminster via Emmitsburg to Monterey. The Third Brigade, Second Cavalry Division from Gettysburg to Hunterstown and the Third Cavalry Division from Gettysburg via Emmitsburg to Monterey. Fight at Monterey Gap Pa. and skirmishes at Fairfield Gap Pa. and near Emmitsburg Md. — Map (db m19298) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Coaches James G. Deegan and James J. Phelan |
| | Universitas Sanctae Mariae Ad Montes Marylandia Fundata Ab Joanne DuBois
This boulder honors Coaches James G. Deegan and James J. Phelan for their combined century of dedicated service to Mount St. Mary's University. For over five decades these two men coached with virtue, character, and distinction, and motivated countless scholar
athletes and colleagues nationwide.Their spirit of excellence will always inspire us.
Faith * Discovery * Leadership * Community — Map (db m7743) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Cornerstone of the Old Church on the Hill |
| | Laid by Father John DuBois in 1807. — Map (db m19028) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Corpus Christi Chapel |
| | Built in 1906. Replaces the Old Grotto, 1808 - 1906. — Map (db m19030) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Daughters of Charity — "O, it was beyond description" — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton founded the Roman Catholic community of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Joseph's here in 1809 (after 1850, called Daughters of Charity). The sisters played a prominent role during the Civil War as nurses and human service workers, providing compassion in an otherwise violent and painful epoch. They continued Mother Seton's ministry of charity, bringing solace and healing to the wounded of both armies, sometimes at their own peril. Father James Francis Burlando, C.M., . . . — Map (db m9483) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Emmitsburg — Road to Gettysburg |
| | President Abraham Lincoln replaced Army of the Potomac commander Gen. Joseph Hooker with Gen. George G. Meade on June 28, 1863, as the army pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Meade placed Gen. John F. Reynolds, I Corps commander, in charge of the Federal army’s left wing, which consisted of I, III, and XI Corps. The next day, I Corps marched to Frederick from Middletown and camped in the western suburbs, but by dawn on June 30, had departed for Emmitsburg, where it . . . — Map (db m1546) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Emmitsburg Longrifles |
| | The longrifle was a distinctly American weapon developed on the frontier for accuracy and distance. Produced mainly in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, it became known as the “Kentucky” rifle after a popular song commemorated its use by a regiment of Kentucky marksmen in the 1814 Battle of New Orleans. Emmitsburg gunsmiths crafted some of the finest longrifles of the 18th and 19th centuries. The work of master gunsmith John Armstrong (1772–c.1842) is especially noted for superior mechanical quality and decorative artistry. — Map (db m1532) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Emmitsburg Sisters of Charity |
| | 1809 - 1984 Dedicated to Emmitsburg Sisters of Charity The community of Sisters of Charity was founded in this valley on July 31, 1809, by Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. The Sisters served the citizens of Emmitsburg and the environs both spiritually and physically. They soon answered the call of the Bishops of the United States throughout the country and established the first parochial schools, orphanages and hospitals. Prior to the Battle of Gettysburg, the Armies of the North and of the . . . — Map (db m9618) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Fallen Firefighters Memorial |
| | Dedicated October 4, 1981. National Emergency Training Center. Emmitsburg, Maryland.
"Dedicated to the thousands of Firefighters who have lost their lives in the very act of saving others."
Ronald Reagan, President.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA — Map (db m19021) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Gen. John F. Reynolds — "Dear Kate" — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | On the last day of June 1863, Emmitsburg became a Union army supply base. Union Gen. John F. Reynolds, commanding the left wing of the Army of the Potomac (I, III, and XI Corps), arrived as I Corps came into Emmitsburg to obtain needed supplies, camp, and muster to receive pay before marching five miles north across the Mason-Dixon line to Marsh Creek. On July 1, Reynolds traveled the Emmitsburg Road toward Gettysburg. Early on that first day of battle, a sharpshooter killed him. This place . . . — Map (db m9489) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Interstate and Defense Highways |
| | The first US Army Transcontinental Motor Convoy departed Washington DC for San Francisco on July 7, 1919, to survey roads and test vehicles for military purposes. On the second day, the convoy was forced to detour around a wooden covered bridge on this site. Among the 24 officers who participated in the expedition was Lt. Col. Dwight D. Eisenhower, who later recalled that the experienced contributed to his keen interest in efficient interstate travel. On June 29, 1956, President Eisenhower . . . — Map (db m8488) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Mother Seton's Rock — 1809 - 1821 |
| | Here on Sunday afternoons Mother Seton "seated on a rock known as Hers," taught Christian Doctrine to the children of The Mountain Parish.
"They that instruct many to Justice shall Shine as the Stars for all Eternity." - Daniel XII, 3. — Map (db m19031) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Mount Saint Mary's College |
| | 1808 - 1983 Dedicated to Mount Saint Mary's College Quote from Helmans History of Emmitsburg: "- The great fire occurred June 15th, 1863 it originated in the livery stable of Guthrie & Beam, consuming over fifty buildings in all; the fire commenced at eleven o'clock in the night, did not get it under control until seven in the morning; the hotel was the last to burn. People in the country heard the Church bells ring; some came within a mile of town, looking at the blazing houses, but . . . — Map (db m9619) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Pangborn Memorial Campanile — National Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes |
| | Ave Maria
This monument is dedicated to the glory of God and His Blessed Mother.
It is erected on the site of the “Old Church on the Hill,” which was built in 1805 Father John Dubois, founder of Mount Saint Mary’s College and Seminary here on Saint Mary’s Mount.
Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton
worshiped, and it was here that her sister-in-law, Harriet Seton, was converted to the Catholic faith. Here the image of our Blessed Mother shines forth as a . . . — Map (db m17360) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton |
| | Describing the conversion of her sister-in-law, Harriet: Harriet left the log house on the evening of Friday, July 21, 1809, between 10 and 11 o'clock to seek the solitude of the Old Church on the Hill... "Harriet stealing up to the church by the light of the full moon in deepest silence, her arms crossed upon her breast and the moon's reflection on her pale but heavenly countenance... I saw the falling tears of love and adoration, while we said miserere and then te deum, which from her . . . — Map (db m19034) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Site of Father Dubois House |
| | This cross marks the site of Father Dubois house in which Mother Seton and her associates lived from Jun 21, to July 31, 1809.
"Blessed be God in His Angels and in His Saints." — Map (db m19033) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Site of St. Joseph's College |
| | On this site St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, the first U.S. native to be canonized, founded an academy for girls in 1809. A high school was later added and in 1902 St. Joseph's College was chartered as a three year institution for women. In 1914 the college was recognized as a four year college empowered to award degrees in the arts and sciences. It closed in 1973. The alumnae association founded in 1897 is still active. — Map (db m9474) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — St. Elizabeth Ann Seton — Founder of the Sisters of Charity |
| | Born Aug. 28, 1774, in New York, she came to Emmitsburg from Baltimore June 24, 1809, occupying stone house on these grounds July 31. The following year, in White House visible from here, she organized nation's first Roman Catholic Parochial School. After her death Jan. 4, 1821, she was buried in "the little wood." In 1846 her body was re-interred in mortuary chapel. Canonized a saint by Pope Paul VI Sept. 14, 1975, she is the first native of the United States so honored. — Map (db m9473) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — St. Joseph's Valley Camp — "I did not see it multiplied, but saw it there!" — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | About 80,000 Union troops settled here in Saint Joseph's Valley as June 1863 drew to a close, "until the grounds around were actually covered with Soldiers." Emmitsburg was placed under martial law, and the Vincentian priests at Saint Joseph's Church had to get passes to come and go. Those encamped on and around these grounds included Gens. George G. Meade, Oliver Otis Howard, and Philippe Regis De Trobriand. Gen. Carl Schurz and his staff were accommodated here in the White House built by . . . — Map (db m9485) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — The John Hughes Cabin |
| | John Hughes, class of 1826, fourth bishop (1838) and first archbishop of New York (1850-1864), born in County Tyrone Ireland (1797), immigrated in 1817. A gardener and mason, Hughes was employed the 10th of November, 1819, by Fr. John DuBois (founder of Mount Saint Mary's in 1808 and third bishop of New York (1826-1838) "Receiving as compensation, board, lodging and private instruction." Until the fall of 1820, when he moved into the two-story log house on the terrace (built 1809), John Hughes . . . — Map (db m9621) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — The White House |
| | This reconstruction log building, faced with clapboard and painted white, was occupied by Mother Seton and her little community in February 1810. At the close of the year the school numbered thirty boarders and forty day pupils. In 1817 this school, Saint Joseph's Academy, was chartered by the State of Maryland. The apostolate of Catholic education begun here by Mother Seton continued to flourish after her death. Elizabeth Seton died in this house in 1821. — Map (db m9617) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — This Cavalry Group |
| | This calvary group replaces the "old wooden cross" erected by John Dubois of which Mother Seton writes in her journal for the year 1815 --- "Quiet dinner at the Grotto before the old cross, yet standing after winter storms", memorializes forever the Christian faith and rugged courage of this giant of God, John Dubois. — Map (db m19036) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — White Ash Tree |
| | The tree was a Maryland State Champion White Ash approximately 175 years old when on July 10, 2001 a storm with tornado-like winds took off one of the major limbs and decay was discovered inside the remaining limbs.
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources and the Antietam Tree Company examined the tree and recommended removal due to the tree being structurally unsound and an appreciable hazard to life and property. — Map (db m19025) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — William Elder, Sr. |
| | William Elder, Sr., named this land Mount Saint Mary's & established (ca. 1743) his home "Pleasant Level" and the Elder Cemetery on the plain below. His family deeded (October 24, 1793) this mountain land for a church. In respect for the living God & in honor of our Elder forbears. this plaque is dedicated, June 18, 1989.
Old William, your children have come home. — Map (db m17389) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — “The Great Baby Waker” |
| | On April 22, 1783, this historic cannon announced the end of the American Revolution here on the western frontier of the new nation Cat at the Mount Aetna forge near Hagerstown, this iron fortification gun entered service at the New Frederick Barracks in 1783, then the home to 1,500 German prisoners of war. After the war, this gun fired Independence Day salutes for the local militia. In 1831, it welcomed the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad to Frederick. On November 25, 1844, improper loading . . . — Map (db m2737) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — 14th New Jersey Infantry Regiment |
| | (Upper Plaque):Erected by the State of New Jersey to commemorate the heroic services of the 14th Regiment New Jersey Volunteer Infantry 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 6th Corps Army of the Potomac, at the Battle of Monocacy, MD July 9th 1864. ********* The 14th Regiment New Jersey Volunteers was organized on the Monmouth Battle Ground and mustered in to the United States service near Freehold, New Jersey, August 26th 1862 and was mustered out June 18th 1865 near Washington, . . . — Map (db m13301) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m2708) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m2807) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m18382) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — A Crossroads of American History — The Frederick Square Corner |
| | The Square Corner, at the intersection of Patrick and Market Streets, has long been the commercial and financial heart of Frederick. It is here that the National Road meets several important north-south roads that lead to Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. The Square Corner has witnessed both dramatic and ordinary events for over two hundred and fifty years. British, Hessian, and Tory prisoners marched through town during the Revolutionary War, while Union and Confederate armies . . . — Map (db m2748) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — A Good Night's Rest — Frederick's Hotel Block |
| | This part of downtown Frederick has long been a place of lodging and hospitality for travelers along the National Road. Kimball's Inn, Talbott's Tavern, the City Hotel and the Francis Scott Key Hotel have occupied this site for over two hundred years. Among the many notable travelers was Revolutionary War hero, Frenchman Marquis de Lafayette. He was a visitor to Frederick on a triumphal tour of America. "He was received with pomp and parade. He last night attended a public dinner at Talbott's . . . — Map (db m2822) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Barbara Fritchie House — “Shoot if you must this old gray head, but spare your country’s flag.” — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | As the Confederate army marched through Frederick on September 10, 1862, feisty local Unionists—mostly women—showed their defiance by waving the Stars and Stripes. The poet John Greenleaf Whittier immortalized one of them in “The Ballad of Barbara Fritchie” about a year later. Spoilsport historians have since pointed out that Stonewall Jackson’s column never passed her house and that the story of the aged Fritchie—who did wave such a flag from her porch when the . . . — Map (db m2693) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Battle of Monocacy |
| | The Battle that saved Washington Here along the Monocacy River on July 9, 1864, was fought the battle between Union forces under General Lew Wallace and Confederate forces under General Jubal A. Early. The battle, although a temporary victory for the Confederates, delayed their march on Washington one day, thereby enabling General Grant to send veteran reinforcements from Petersburg, Virginia to the defenses of Washington in time to forestall the attack by the Confederates and thus save the . . . — Map (db m3218) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Best Family Farm |
| | 8:30 a.m. July 9, 1864 The John T. Best family was going about its chores of tending cows, hogs, chickens, and fields of wheat, oats, and corn. The Bests were used to working amid soldiers, for Union and Confederate troops had camped here on the South Hermitage farm several times since the Civil War broke out in 1861. This time, however, Confederate sharpshooters in the barn and artillery on the ridge behind the house hammered Union troops at the bridges spanning the Monocacy River on the . . . — Map (db m3223) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Birthplace of William Tyler Page |
| | Birthplace William Tyler Page Oct. 19, 1868 Author of The American's Creed Placed by Frederick, Chapter, D.A.R. — Map (db m2820) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Braddock, Washington, and Franklin |
| | On April 23, 1755 At a Tavern located near this spot General Edward Braddock Colonel George Washington and Benjamin Franklin Met to plan the British assault on Ft. Dusquesne During the French & Indian War This plaque erected by the Kiwanis Club of Frederick June 8, 1998 — Map (db m2725) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Brush Creek Crossing |
| | A wagon road crossed Brush Creek at this location connecting the Georgetown Pike with roads to Baltimore. As Federal troops withdrew from the battlefield, they passed Gambrill's Mill and followed this road toward Baltimore, leaving the field to the Confederate victors. — Map (db m3272) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Burning of the Bridge |
| | 12:00 noon July 9, 1864 Confederates wearing captured blue uniforms had killed or wounded several Union skirmishers who had been sent across the Monocacy River to hold the Georgetown Turnpike and B&O Railroad bridges "at all hazards." The two sides traded shots all morning, but about noon Union Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace could see that the Confederates were about to overwhelm his troops. He ordered the wooden covered bridge set ablaze. Wallace had delayed the enemy, but he also had trapped his own . . . — Map (db m3270) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — City Hall — Former Frederick County Courthouse — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | Connections with the Civil War abound around this Courthouse Square, where the first official act of defiance against the British crown - the 1765 Stamp Act Repudiation - occurred almost a century earlier. In 1857, Roger Brooke Taney, Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court and a former resident who is buried in Frederick, wrote in the Dread Scott Decision that the Constitution's freedoms did not extend to African-Americans, one of the steps on the road to war. Taney and his brother-in-law, . . . — Map (db m2815) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Clustered Spires of Frederick |
| | John Greenleaf Whittier immortalized Barbara Fritchie and the town of Frederick in his poem about the elderly Frederick resident who supposedly displayed the Union flag as Southern soldiers marched by on September 10, 1862. On July 9, 1864, Confederate General Jubal Early held the town ransom, "...we are going to make a demand upon the banks Frederick of $200,000, and if the demand is granted, very good, if not then the town will be reduced to ashes." The Mayor, Alderman, and Common . . . — Map (db m3290) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Confederates Invade Maryland |
| | 7:00 a.m, July 9, 1864 Confederate troops under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early streamed through the gaps of South Mountain and the Catoctins and headed south past Frederick. Bound for Washington, D.C., they were stopped here at the Best family farm by Union troops defending the bridges over the Monocacy River. General Early decided a head-on attack would be too costly and spread his men across these farmlands. While Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur pinned down the Union center, Early sent Brig. Gen. . . . — Map (db m3246) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Evangelical Lutheran Church |
| | This tablet is erected
to the Glory of God
and
in grateful recognition of those
who organized this congregation
and have maintained it for
two hundred years
1738 Congregation organized.
1743 Log church built on the Monocacy.
1746 Log church built on present parsonage site.
1747 Adoption of constitution for congregation drawn by Henry Melchior Muhlenberg.
1752 Stone church begun at rear of this building. Erection halted by French and Indian War. Completed in . . . — Map (db m14022) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Federal Retreat — 4:30-5:00 p.m. July 9, 1864 |
| | The Northerners held, then lost, then retook the Thomas house grounds as the fighting ebbed and flowed in the stifling heat. Casualties mounted quickly on both sides. Union Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace could see that his numbers were dwindling and that the Confederates were coming in waves. Wallace gave the order to retreat. "Under a raking of fire of both musketry and artillery," his troops pulled back and fled to the northeast past Gambrill Mill to the road to Baltimore. The Confederates had won . . . — Map (db m3274) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Federals Take a Stand |
| | 7:00 a.m., July 9, 1864 After skirmishing on July 8 with Confederates west of Frederick, MD, Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace’s 5,800 Union troops—many of them “raw and untried”—took a stand at the Monocacy River. Wallace carefully chose this critical intersection of the river, road, and railroad to prevent Jubal A. Early’s 15,000 to 16,000 Confederates from attacking Washington. Wallace positioned Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts’ veteran troops on the river’s south bank. He sent . . . — Map (db m3247) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Fleeing for Their Lives |
| | 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. July 9, 1864 Distressed that their main escape route had been burned, the stranded Federal skirmishers fought on as they faced periodic Confederate attacks. Late in the afternoon, they gradually fell back towards the Baltimore & Ohio bridge. About 5:00 p.m., they noticed their compatriots retreating across the Gambrill Mill property toward the Baltimore Pike and fled across the railroad bridge to join them. The skirmishers had protected the Union center and the escape . . . — Map (db m3271) |
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