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Fredericksburg Markers

175 markers matched your search criteria. The first 100 markers are listed. Next 75

Virginia, Fredericksburg — E-49A — “Fall Hill”
		On the heights one mile to the west, the home of the Thorntons from about 1736. Francis Thornton 2nd was a Justice, a Burgess 1744-45, and Lieut.-Colonel of his Majesty's militia for Spotsylvania County. He and two of his brothers married three Gregory sisters, first cousins of George Washington. "Fall Hill" is still (1950) owned and occupied by direct Thornton descendants. — Map (db m4749)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — E-49B — “Fall Hill”
		On the heights one mile to the west, the home of the Thorntons from about 1736. Francis Thornton 2nd was a Justice, a Burgess 1744-45, and Lieut.-Colonel of his Majesty's militia for Spotsylvania County. He and two of his brothers married three Gregory sisters, first cousins of George Washington. "Fall Hill" is still (1950) owned and occupied by direct Thornton descendants. — Map (db m5094)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — 127th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
		. . . — Map (db m9089)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — 7th Michigan Volunteer Infantry
		“Dark rolled the Rappahannock’s flood, Michigan, my Michigan; The tide was crimsoned with thy blood, Michigan, my Michigan; Although for us the day was lost, Yet it shall be our proudest boast, At Fredericksburg our Seventh crossed, Michigan, my Michigan.” In December 1862, Union Gen. Ambrose Burnside ordered pontoon bridges to be thrown across the Rappahannock River. Col. Norman J. Hall, asked for . . . — Map (db m5374)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — A Canal Defines its Neighborhood
		The canal in front of you is a section of a navigation system that extended 50 miles up the Rappahannock River. The downstream terminus was a turning basin, in the block to your right. Several industries were established nearby, some that benefited from the canal’s navigation function and others from its waterpower. In the 1880s, R.T. Knox and Brother moved their Sumac Extract Works to an existing mill at this turning basin, after they converted their mill on the lower canal to an . . . — Map (db m1068)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — A Diversion — The Second Battle of Fredericksburg
		3 May 1863. During the Chancellorsville Campaign, Brigadier General John Gibbon deployed his Union division in this area in support of other federal units in Fredericksburg. On the morning of May 3, Gibbon’s troops rushed forward to assault the heights in front of you. The attack faltered at this canal when the soldiers discovered that planks for the bridge had been removed. While the Northerners pulled boards from a nearby house, Confederate artillery went into battery on the high . . . — Map (db m1064)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — A Navigation Canal Becomes a Raceway
		The Rappahannock Navigation system provided a means to transport bulk cargo between Fredericksburg and upriver farms and mines. In 1829, with financial assistance from Virginia’s Board for Public Works, the Rappahannock Company began construction of a series of canals and related dams. The canal section in front of you was three and one half miles long and routed boats around the river’s falls. By 1849, a 50-mile navigation system had been extended upstream. Insufficient revenues, however, . . . — Map (db m7179)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — A Vast Hospital
		Wounded Union Soldiers in a Fredericksburg yard, May 1864. All but one of these men have been wounded in the leg. Most of the wounded soldiers brought to Fredericksburg survived… …But some did not. Hundreds of men died in the hospitals here during May and June 1864. Private Kronenberger’s headboard may be among the long row of graves visible behind this burial party. “…I am lying in this place with a wound in my right leg, below the knee. I am in good spirits and the Drs. . . . — Map (db m2575)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — A Vibrant, But Segregated Community
		In the aftermath of the Civil War, numerous former slaves came to Fredericksburg where there was already an established free black community. Many freedmen took work as laborers and servants. Others brought artisan skills they had practiced in slavery. The area in front of you and to your right became one of several African-American neighborhoods in Fredericksburg. The local economy, however, had been devastated by the war and did not provide many opportunities for skilled workers. . . . — Map (db m733)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — African Baptist Church of Fredericksburg
		The Shiloh Baptist Church (Old Site) resides on the site once occupied by the African Baptist Church. Constructed as the Fredericksburg Baptist Church, the building was sold to its African-American members in 1857, after the white congregation had moved to a larger sanctuary on Princess Anne Street. The African Baptists initially had a white pastor because Virginia law prohibited blacks from meeting without a white person present. Following the Civil War, the congregation adopted the name . . . — Map (db m1084)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — N-38 — Amoreleck Encounters John Smith
		In August 1608, the first meeting between the Mannahoac Indian people of the Piedmont and the English colonists at Jamestown occurred at the falls of the Rappahannock River. Men from the upriver town of Hasinninga were hunting here at the eastern edge of their territory when they encountered John Smith and a party of Jamestown colonists. Following a brief skirmish, a Mannahoac man, Amoroleck, told Smith about the world beyond the falls, which included the Mannahoac, the Monacan, and the . . . — Map (db m9218)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
		(Front): Erected by Pennsylvania to commemorate the charge of General Humphreys' Division Fifth Corps· On Marye's Heights Fredericksburg Virginia December·13·1862 134th 129th 126th 91st 131st 133rd 123rd 155th Penna · Vol · Inf Brigadier General Andrew Atkinson Humphreys Third Division·Fifth Army Corps (Left): First Brigade Brig·Gen·E·B·Tyler 134th Regiment Col·Edward O'Brien 129th Regiment Col·Jacob G· Frick 126th Regiment Col·Ames G· Elden Lt·Col·Watson Rowe 91st . . . — Map (db m8751)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Angel of Marye's Heights — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		While the Civil War entailed immense destruction and tragedy, it did not always engender hate. For two days following the battle, wounded Union soldiers, caught between the lines, cried out for water. Though exposure to enemy fire even for a moment meant almost certain death, Sergeant Richard R. Kirkland of the 2nd South Carolina Volunteers tried to help. Filling several canteens with water, the young Confederate stepped over the stone wall to care for his wounded enemies. When Union soldiers . . . — Map (db m8661)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Artillery on Lee's Hill
		(Left marker): Here and on hills to the left and right the Confederates developed a powerful concentration of artillery. Enfilading Fire During the Federal attacks of December 13, 1862, Confederates cannon poured devasting frontal and crossfire into the advancing battle lines. Long range rifles here on Lee’s Hill participated in the enfilade fire. The Napoleon The bronze 12-pounder smoothbores called "Napoleons" were less accurate than rifled cannon, but remained . . . — Map (db m4178)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Auction Block
		Fredericksburg’s Principal Auction Site in Pre-Civil War Days for Slaves and Property. — Map (db m5598)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Battle of Fredericksburg
		December 13, 1862 the Confederates under Lee defeated the Federals under Burnside in a sanguinary conflict marked by extraordinary bravery on both sides. In a series of gallant charges the Federal army sustained heavy losses and Burnside was forced to recross the Rappahannock. — Map (db m4762)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — E 44 — Battles of Fredericksburg
		During the First and Second Battles of Fredericksburg, the Confederates occupied Marye’s Heights, a defensive position enhanced by a sunken road and stone wall on the eastern slope. On 13 Dec. 1862, during the first battle, Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s Confederate corps withstood attempts by Union Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker’s and Maj. Gen. Edwin V. Sumner’s Grand Divisions to take the heights. During the second battle (Chancellorsville campaign), on 3 May 1863, Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick’s Union . . . — Map (db m1672)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Big Gun at Howison Hill — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		Two weeks of Union delay before the Battle of Fredericksburg gave the Confederates time to bring up large cannons rarely seen on other battlefields in Virginia. The sturdy gun emplacements above you protected a huge siege gun, capable of firing a 30-pound shell nearly two miles. Ten men operated the cannon; typically, a gun like this would fire a round every five minutes. As they awaited battle, Confederate cannoneers cut down trees and carefully calculated the range to likely areas of Union . . . — Map (db m8863)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — N-32 — Brig. Gen. John Minor
		Hazel Hill, the home of John Minor (13 May 1761 – 8 June 1816), a close friend of President James Monroe, once occupied this site. Minor served as a soldier in the American Revolution, as a colonel if the Spotsylvania County militia, and as a brigadier general of militia from 1804 through the War of 1812. Minor also was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1805 to 1807. In 1783, as a private citizen, Minor unsuccessfully urged the General Assembly to pass a bill to emancipate Virginia’s slaves. — Map (db m1129)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Brompton — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		The house and grounds are not open to the public. "The pillars of the porch...were speckled with the marks of bullets. Shells and shot had made sad havoc with the walls and the woodwork inside. The windows were shivered, the partitions torn to pieces, and the doors perforated." Traveler John T. Trowbridge, September 1865 A home, a headquarters, and a hospital: each of these terms accurately describes "Brompton," the large brick house one the hill above you. Built around 1824, the . . . — Map (db m8635)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — N 30 — Camp Cobb at Gunnery Springs
		Camp Cobb at Gunnery Springs N-30 In 1775, during the Revolutionary War, this “noble spring” was part of a 10½-acre tract purchased for the Fredericksburg Gun Manufactory. On this site in 1898 stood Camp Cobb, a Spanish-American War training camp for the 4th U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiment. It was named for Confederate Brig. Gen. Thomas R. R. Cobb, killed in the Battle of Fredericksburg, 13 Dec. 1862. Because of the danger yellow fever posed to American troops in Cuba, . . . — Map (db m1711)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Civil War Defenses — December 1862
		In December of 1862, with a Federal attack imminent, General Robert E. Lee deployed his Confederate Army of Northern Virginia along a series of hills around the town of Fredericksburg. Brigadier General Cadmus M. Wilcox and his Alabama brigade took position around the house known as Fall Hill. Union artillery bombarded the town on December 11th and the soldiers watched residents flee west along this roadway. The Confederate defenses consisted of infantry trenches on the lower slopes and . . . — Map (db m7147)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Clara Barton
		1862 - 1962 In Memory of Clara BartonFounder of the American Red Cross. A devoted nurse and tireless organizer who knew no enemy but the unfeeling heart. We walk the ways she took in easing the suffering at the Battle of Fredericksburg when the churches became military hospitals. — Map (db m14428)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Col. George Eskridge Memorial Tree — April 29, 1937
		May this Oak Tree from "Sandy Point" Westmoreland Co. Virginia, home of Col. George Eskridge, who was guardian for Mary Ball, shelter her last resting place, as she in her early childhood was sheltered and protected by her beloved guardian. As descendants of our illustrious ancestor, we dedicate this tree to the memory of our countries noblest mother and her guardian, Col. George Eskridge. Mrs. Elise Towson Coele, Sponsor — Map (db m9197)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Col. Joseph A. Moesch
		(Front): In memory of Col. Joseph A. Moesch Killed at the Wilderness May 6, 1864 ——— Erected by Surviving Comrades (Rear): 83rd N.Y. Vol's ——— Ninth Regiment N.Y.S.M. -- N.G.S.N.Y. 2nd Brig. 2nd Div. 5th Corps. — Map (db m9092)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Confederate Artillery — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		Artillery was an effective weapon, particularly when used in defensive combat. Nowhere was that demonstrated more clearly than here on Marye's Heights, where nine guns of the Washington Artillery shattered the ranks of the oncoming Union army. "The shells fell thick and fast, exploding with deafening roar right in our midst. Shattered, torn and bleeding, our column still pushed on," wrote one Union soldier. Toward sunset the Washington Artillery's ammunition ran low and the battalion retired . . . — Map (db m8690)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Confederate Artillery Defense
		About noon December 13, 1862 Army of Northern Virginia General Robert E. Lee, Commander Brigadier General W. N. Pendleton Chief of Artillery 304 guns on the battlefield Army of the Potomac Major General A. E. Burnside, Commander Brigadier General H. J. Hunt, Chief of Artillery 381 guns on the battlefield Smooth bore cannon had an extreme range of about one mile; rifled cannon up to three miles. Since long range fire was not very effective, . . . — Map (db m4135)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Confederates on the Ridge — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		"What chance had flesh and blood to carry by storm such a position, garrisoned too as it was with veteran soldiers? Not one chance in a million." Alexander Hunter, 17th Virginia Infantry. At noon, December 13, 1862, the first of nine Union divisions poured out of Fredericksburg to attack a Georgia brigade that occupied the Sunken Road below you. "How beautifully they came on!" wrote an admiring Southerner. "Their bright bayonets glistening in the sunlight made the line look like a huge . . . — Map (db m8689)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Corporation Court House
		(Left Side Plaque):City of Fredericksburg Virginia Corporation Court House Erected 1851-52 Mayor .....Robert B. Semple Judge of Court .. John Tayloe Lomax Building Commissioners Thomas B. Berton, chairman B.R. Wellford William Allen John Minor John James Chew Architect James Renwick Contractor Wm. M. BaggottA former court house, erected on this site in 1733, was torn down in 1851 to permit the erection of this court house (Right Side Plaque):Fredericksburg Corporation Court House . . . — Map (db m14432)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Embrey Dam
		In 1909-10, the Fredericksburg Water Power Company constructed the Embrey Dam and its power plant on Caroline Street, for the express purpose of generating electric power. The increasing number of uses for this emerging technology encouraged such an ambitious investment, which had profound impact on the region. Electrification allowed mills and other industries to be built near roads and railways, rather than within flood hazard areas. Frank J. Gould acquired the local utility and . . . — Map (db m7663)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Encounter at the Fall Line — John Smith's meeting with the Mannahoacks
		In August of 1608, Captain John Smith and his crew explored the lower Rappahannock from the Chesapeake Bay to a point just upstream from this location. Soon after landing, the group was attacked by Mannahoack Indians, a Siouan people who were gathered at a large fishing camp along the River. The English opened fire and all of the Indians fled except for one bowman, named Amoroleck, who was wounded. Mosco, an Indian interpreter hired for the trip, gathered information from Amoroleck which Smith . . . — Map (db m7660)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Ferries and Flats
		In 1728, the colonial government established Fredericksburg as far upstream on the Rappahannock River as was navigable. Vessels traveling to and from the Chesapeake Bay and beyond could tie up at the docks there. Workers and slaves loaded tobacco and iron during the Colonial period, but wheat exports grew in volume following the American Revolution. The railroad bridge in front of you crosses the Rappahannock River through this once busy commercial area. Upstream is Falmouth, also founded in . . . — Map (db m14422)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Field of Battle — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		This photograph, taken from the heights to your right-rear, shows the landscape in front of you as it appeared the year after the Battle of Fredericksburg. The town of Fredericksburg sits atop the ridge in the distance; the spire of St. George's Episcopal Church dominates the skyline (and it still does). Before the war, much of the open ground in this view had been Fredericksburg's fairgrounds. Fences that once enclosed them and sheds that once dotted the fairgrounds were swept away during . . . — Map (db m8847)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — First Town Hall / Market House
		On this site stood Fredericksburg’s first Town Hall / Market House built c. 1763. The building most likely had an arched lower level, brick upper floors and a cupola on the roof. During the early years, the Town Hall did not serve as a governmental building, but instead was a center for social events. After the Revolution, the building slowly evolved into the “semi-official” seat of government. The lower level of the building—the Market House—now housed the Clerk of the . . . — Map (db m1140)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fraternizing at the Ford — The Rappahannock River During the Civil War
		The Rappahannock River served as a barrier separating the Union and Confederate Armies during the winter of 1862-63. Places where the water level, the river bottom, and the steepness of the banks were favorable for crossings were known as "fords." At Banks' Ford, Alabama troops under Col. Hilary Herbert guarded the Confederate side of the river. Although fraternizing with the enemy was against orders, the opposing soldiers often arranged informal truces. Warning the Troops Detachments . . . — Map (db m16537)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — E 46A — Fredericksburg
		Captain John Smith was here in 1608; Lederer, the explorer, in 1670. In May 1671 John Buckner and Thomas Royster patented the lease land grant. The town was established in 1727 and lots were laid out. It was named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, Father of George III. The court for Spotsylvania County was moved here in 1732 and the town was enlarged in 1759 and 1769. Fredericksburg was incorporated as a town in 1781, as a city in 1879, and declared a city of the first class in 1941. — Map (db m1653)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg — Civil War Sites
		For 18 months Fredericksburg was at the heart of the Civil War. Union and Confederate soldiers camped here, fought here and died here. Today there are many sites within the city. Civil War walking tour information is available free at the Fredericksburg Visitor Center. — Map (db m9093)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg — Where 100,000 Fell
		Because of the immense amount of fighting that occurred here, the Fredericksburg area has been called the vortex of the Civil War. Four major battles - Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House - resulting in approximately 100,000 casualties, took place within twenty miles of the town. The Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park administers these battlefields and three related sites: Chatham, Salem Church and the Stonewall Jackson Shrine. A . . . — Map (db m9096)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Baptist Church
		The prominent sanctuary to your right is the Fredericksburg Baptist Church, constructed in 1854-55. When it was built, Princess Anne Street was already developing as the town’s religious and government center. Other churches included St. George’s Episcopal Church (1849) and the Presbyterian Church (1833). Nearby government buildings included the Town Hall (1814) and the Court House (1852). During the December 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, Union troops cleared the church for use as a hospital. . . . — Map (db m1141)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Battlefield
		Before you looms Marye's Heights, a key point in the two major Civil War battles. At the base of the heights, bordered by a stone wall, lies the Sunken Road. In December 1862 Confederate troops standing in the road repelled repeated Union assaults. Five months later, during the Chancellorsville Campaign, Union troops again attacked Marye's Heights. This time they succeeded in taking it. Begin your visit to this historic ground at the Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center. Then take a . . . — Map (db m25638)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign
		December 13, 1862. The blue columns of the Army of the Potomac deployed here in the Canal Ditch valley, along the route of present Kenmore Avenue. Then with drums beating and flags flying, the long battle lines advanced towards Marye’s Heights and were mowed down by Confederate artillery and musketry fire. — Map (db m2515)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign
		December 13, 1862. Watching the battle from the crest of this hill, Confederate commander R. E. Lee remarked: “It is well that war is so terrible – we should grow too fond of it!” In no battle were the Confederates more fortunately located. Starting at a bluff above the river dam, two miles north, Longstreet’s Corps occupied a ridge made impregnable in front by a deep canal and swamps. Then came Marye’s Heights, almost as strong. Next, here at Lee’s Hill, began a curving line . . . — Map (db m4159)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign
		With Richmond as his objective, Gen. Ambrose Burnside started the Federal Army of the Potomac from Warrenton on November 15, 1862. Forcing a crossing of the Rappahannock on December 11, he occupied Fredericksburg and the plain south of town along the river. Across that plain, on the morning of December 13, the Federals attacked Gen. “Stonewall” Jackson’s front in an unsuccessful attempt to break the Confederate right flank. Then, about noon, other Federal columns formed at the . . . — Map (db m4191)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign
		December 11, 1862. The peacetime bridges having been destroyed, engineers of Burnside’s Federal Army began laying pontoons across the Rappahannock. Here, overlooking the upper pontoon site, Confederates of Barksdale’s Mississippi Brigade, sheltered in houses and cellars along this street, stopped the work. Bombardment by Federal cannon failed to dislodge the sharpshooters. Finally, the 7th Michigan Regiment, followed by the 19th Massachusetts, crossed the river in boats to establish a . . . — Map (db m5377)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign
		December 13, 1862. The Washington Artillery of New Orleans was posted around the Marye House here on Marye's Heights. Col. J. B. Walton, the commanding officer, had his headquarters in the house. This unit and Alexander's Reserve Battalion, which relieved it during the afternoon, helped hurl back seven Federal charges. On May 3, 1863, Sedgwick's Federal VI Corps, attempting to join Hooker at Chancellorsville, successfully stormed these heights, only to be defeated at Salem Church, four miles . . . — Map (db m8636)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign
		December 13, 1862. On this ridge, called Marye's Heights, blazed the cannon of Col. J.B. Walton's Louisiana battalion, the Washington Artillery. Late in the day, out of ammunition, it yielded the post to Col. E.P. Alexander's Reserve Artillery. Gen. Robert Ransom's North Carolina infantrymen supported the guns and reinforced Cobb's Georgians and Kershaw's South Carolinians in the Sunken Road below. The open field of attack was raked "as with a fine-tooth comb," Alexander assured corps commander . . . — Map (db m8821)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign, December 1862
		The Battle of Fredericksburg began on the morning of December 11, 1862, when Confederate sharpshooters opened fire on Federal engineers building a pontoon bridge by which the Union Army of the Potomac planned to cross the Rappahannock River. Fredericksburg's defenders consisted of approximately 16,000 men of Brigadier General William Barksdale's Mississippi Brigade, McLaw's Division, Longstreet's Corps. With the threat of imminent combat, many of the town's residents had previously evacuated . . . — Map (db m17795)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg City Dock — Bridges and Biscuits
		Why was Fredericksburg important to the Union war effort? The answer lies in logistics. The Union army, numbering more than 100,000 troops, required tons of food, clothing and other supplies to operate, Wagon trains could supply the army for short distances, but they were cumbersome and difficult to protect. Longer supply lines required either water or rail transportation. Fredericksburg, with its railroad and close proximity to the Potomac River, provided the Union Army with an ideal base for . . . — Map (db m1131)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg City Dock — Contesting the Crossing
		Confederate troops under the command of Gen. William Barksdale were awake and alert hereon the morning of December 11,1862, waiting anxiously for the sun to rise. On the river, unseen in the inky blackness but clearly audible in the night’s stillness, Union engineers were constructing a pontoon bridge that would enable Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside’s Army of the Potomac to cross the Rappahannock River and seize Fredericksburg. Barksdale’s task was to delay the Union crossing long enough for the rest . . . — Map (db m1132)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg City Dock — Union Artillery on Stafford Heights
		Directly ahead of you, across the river, stood George Washington’s boyhood home, Ferry Farm. According to legend, the future president cut down his father’s cherry tree there and threw a coin across the river. The property took its name from a ferry that operated at that time. In 1862, Union artillery crowned the bluffs once occupied by the Washington farm. When Confederate troops resisted the Union army’s efforts to cross the river on December 11, Burnside turned nearly 150 guns – . . . — Map (db m1133)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — N 7 — Fredericksburg Gun Manufactory
		The Fredericksburg Gun Manufactory was established by an ordinance passed by Virginia's third revolutionary convention on 17 July 1775. Built on this site soon thereafter by Fielding Lewis and Charles Dick, it was the first such factory in America. Its workers repaired and manufactured small arms for the regiments of numerous Virginia counties during the Revolutionary War. The factory’s principal product was modeled after the British Brown Bess musket, the standard infantry arm of the day. Only . . . — Map (db m1710)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg National Cemetery — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		Approximately 20,000 soldiers died in this region during the Civil War, their remains scattered throughout the countryside in shallow, often unmarked, graves. In 1865 Congress established Fredericksburg National Cemetery as a final resting place for Union soldiers who died on area battlefields. Confederate soldiers were buried in cemeteries located at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania Court House. Work on Fredericksburg National Cemetery commenced in 1866 and was completed in 1869. Veterans . . . — Map (db m8740)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg National Cemetery — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		Approximately 20,000 soldiers died in this region during the Civil War, their remains scattered throughout the countryside in shallow, often unmarked, graves. In 1865 Congress established Fredericksburg National Cemetery as a final resting place for Union soldiers who died on area battlefields. Confederate soldiers were buried in cemeteries located at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania Court House. Work on Fredericksburg National Cemetery commenced in 1866 and was completed in 1869. Veterans . . . — Map (db m8851)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — N-33 — Fredericksburg Normal and Industrial Institute
		Due to the efforts of local blacks, Fredericksburg Normal and Industrial Institute (FNII) opened in October 1903 at the Shiloh New Site Baptist Church with about 20 students. In 1906 the board of trustees purchased land and a large farmhouse here, named it Mayfield, and opened the school in the autumn. The course of study, modeled after a university curriculum included teacher education classes as well as English, mathematics, history, geography, literature, Greek, and music. By 1938, Mayfield . . . — Map (db m1128)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Roll of Honor
		Fredericksburg Roll of Honor 1917 World War 1918 A grateful tribute to all who returned Co. K. 2nd Inf. VA. N. G. 116th Inf 29th Div. 3rd VA Coast Artillery 80th Division Army, Navy, Marine Corps A tearful triumph to those who sleep Urban F. Bass Guy R. Hall John C. Bleight James L. Hawkins Harry L. Bowen Robert L. Jenkins Eugene W. Brittenham Bailey B. Johnson Charles H. Bundy Douglas H. Knox William Lloyd Cox H. Byrd Middleton Mercer . . . — Map (db m2516)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — 20 — Fredericksburg United Methodist Church
		This church sanctuary was built in 1882, the fifth building to be used by the congregation, and the second on this site. Additions were constructed in 1912, 1924, 1951, and 1989. The reverend John Kobler, an early leader who raised funds for the church and bequeathed his home to serve as the parsonage, died in 1843 and is buried, with his wife, under the church. The congregation was officially constituted in 1802 when the first minister, the Reverend John Pitts, was appointed. Methodist . . . — Map (db m2566)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — From a Burying Ground to a Park
		“On motion made and seconded, resolved unanimously that the new burying ground be enclosed with brick….” Council Minutes of July 6th, 1824 Robert Lewis, Mayor (Buried in the Masonic Lodge Cemetery) In 1774, St. George’s Parish purchased the land that comprises Hurkamp Park today. It was to be a church cemetery, but in 1787, after the Revolution and disestablishment of the Anglican Church in America, the Corporation of Fredericksburg appropriated this land for . . . — Map (db m2700)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — From a Burying Ground to a Park
		In 1774, St. George’s Parish purchased the land around you for a cemetery. Following the American Revolution and disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Virginia, the Fredericksburg government appropriated this land for a public burying ground. The western lot line of the cemetery, marked by a brick wall, is visible to your right. In 1875, the town council decided to convert the increasingly neglected grounds into a park and directed the removal of headstones and graves to other . . . — Map (db m11430)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Gen. Stonewall Jackson
		Gen. Stonewall Jackson, by Gen. Lee’s request, on this corner, planned the Battle of Fredericksburg. Nov. 27, 1862. U.D.C — Map (db m7976)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — George Rogers Clark — 1752 – 1818
		In grateful acknowledgement of the valor and the strategic victories of General George Rogers Clark, Son of Old Virginia, the Paul Revere Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution of Muncie, Indiana, devote this tablet. No hero of the American Revolution served with more sacrifice, fortitude and dauntless courage, and no hero has accomplished greater victories against greater odds. The old North-West owes its freedom from the British tyranny to this distinguished patriot and . . . — Map (db m1077)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Gun from the CSS Virginia
		This nine-inch smooth bore “Dahlgren” gun is one of the few remaining artifacts from the CSS Virginia (formerly known as the USS Merrimack). This gun saw action on March 8, 1862 off of Hampton, Virginia when the Virginia encountered and easily defeated the USS Cumberland and USS Congress. The barrel was damaged by the Cumberland during the battle. The next day the Virginia fought in the now famous battle with the USS Monitor. . . . — Map (db m1127)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Here Fredericksburg Began
		the Lease Land John Buckner and Thomas Royston First Settlers May 2nd 1671 A.P.V.A — Map (db m5223)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Historic Old Mill District
		A Walking Tour of Fredericksburg’s Historic Old Mill District Fredericksburg’s Historic Old Mill District dates its origins to the earliest settlers along the Rappahannock River. This walking tour takes you through what can be considered the city’s first industrial park as it winds along the Rappahannock and a parallel canal. These waterways and the power they provided allowed this 18th, 19th, and early 20th century industrial area to flourish. 1. Indian Punch Bowl Although . . . — Map (db m1135)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Historic Old Mill District
		A Walking Tour of Fredericksburg’s Historic Old Mill District Fredericksburg’s Historic Old Mill District dates its origins to the earliest settlers along the Rappahannock River. This walking tour takes you through what can be considered the city’s first industrial park as it winds along the Rappahannock and a parallel canal. These waterways and the power they provided allowed this 18th, 19th, and early 20th century industrial area to flourish. 7. Ruins of Meyers & Brulle’s Germania . . . — Map (db m1143)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Hostages
		In the summer of 1862, Confederate authorities imprisoned four Union men from Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County. The arrested Unionists were local citizens in good standing, but who refused to renounce their allegiance to the United States. They were imprisoned in Richmond for disloyalty to the Confederacy. In July and August, Federal authorities retaliated by rounding up nineteen local men, holding them briefly at the Farmers Bank (now the National Bank of Fredericksburg, two blocks . . . — Map (db m1146)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Hugh Mercer
		Sacred to the memory of Hugh Mercer, Brigadier-General in the Army of The United States; He died on the 12th of January, 1777, of the wounds he received on the 3d of same month, near Princetown, in New Jersey, bravely defending the Liberties of America. The Congress of the United States in testimony of his virtues, and their gratitude, have caused this monument to be erected. — Map (db m14424)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Innis House — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		This frame building, known as the Innis (or "Ennis") house, stands as a mute witness to the terrible combat that engulfed this spot. Located along the Confederate line of battle, the small structure was marred by soldier graffiti and perforated by bullets and shell fragments. Confederate General Lafayette McLaws wrote that the house "had no space as large as two hands on it that had not been pierced." Although the family replaced the exterior clapboards, you can still see bullet marks on one . . . — Map (db m8569)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Irish Brigade
		2nd Brigade, 1st Div., II Corps Army of the Potomac While posted here in the early morning of Dec. 13, 1862, the men of the Irish Brigade placed sprigs of boxwood in their caps in honor of their Irish heritage. Later in the day, they took part in the futile assaults against confederate positions on Marye's Heights. After the battle, the Union dead closest to the Confederate positions wore sprigs of boxwood in their caps. Killed Wounded Missing 69th NY . . . — Map (db m5097)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — John Paul Jones House
		This tablet marks the only home in America of John Paul Jones He was appointed a lieutenant in the Continental Navy while still a resident of Virginia — Map (db m14420)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — N 31 — Kenmore
		Four blocks west stands Kenmore, built in 1775 by Col. Fielding Lewis for his wife, Betty, sister of George Washington. Near here, between Kenmore and the Rappahannock River, stood Lewis’s warehouses and docks. Kenmore’s intricate plasterwork is the finest in the country. Among 19th-century owners and occupants were Samuel Gordon, who named it Kenmore, and William Key Howard, Jr., who restored and embellished the mansion’s plasterwork. Washington and other Revolutionary leaders often visited, . . . — Map (db m1149)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Kirkland Monument
		In memoriam • Richard Rowland Kirkland • Co. G, 2nd South Carolina Volunteers • C.S.A. At the risk of his life, this American soldier of sublime compassion, brought water to his wounded foes at Fredericksburg. The fighting men on both sides of the line called him “The Angel of Marye’s Heights.” Born Kershaw County, S.C., August, 1843 • Sergeant at Fredericksburg, December 1962 • Lieutenant at Gettysburg, July, 1863 • Killed in action at Chickamauga, September 1863. . . . — Map (db m1150)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Lee’s Hill
		Battle of Fredericksburg Dec. 12-13, 1862 — Map (db m4161)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — E 43 — Lee’s Position
		From this hill (now called Lee’s Hill) a little to the east, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee watched the First Battle of Fredericksburg. As armies prepared for combat, Lee commented that “It is well that war is so terrible—we should grow too fond of it.” On 13 Dec. 1862, Union Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside ordered an assault against the Confederate position. The Confederates withstood the attack, which lasted until dark, slaughtered the Federals with artillery and small-arms . . . — Map (db m1654)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Lee's Command Post — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		This hill served as General Robert E. Lee's command post during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Before the fighting started, Confederate pioneers cut down trees on the front slope of the hill, giving the Confederate leader a better view of the battlefield than is possible today. To his left, he could see Fredericksburg and Marye's Heights. To his right was the broad plain in front of Prospect Hill and the right end of the Confederate line. Lee spent much of December 13, 1862, here, watching the . . . — Map (db m8861)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Lee's Headquarters — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		The hill in front of you, once called Telegraph Hill but now known as Lee's Hill, served as General Robert E. Lee's headquarters during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Throughout the afternoon of December 13, 1862, Lee and his generals watched uneasily as the Union army repeatedly attacked Southern troops in the Sunken Road. The Federal infantry became easy targets for Confederate artillery atop this hill and Howison Hill (a quarter mile to your left). The Union attacks failed. The grandeur of . . . — Map (db m8858)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Lee's Hill, the commander's lookout
		General Robert E. Lee used this hill as a command post during the Battle of Fredericksburg. It has borne his name ever since. Lee’s View from Here Civilians viewing this scene might have focused their attention on the picturesque steeples which mark the skyline today, just as they did in 1862. Lee’s attention, however, was quickly taken up by the blue lines which made heavy attacks on both of his fronts. Chatham (Lacy House) This vantage point offered a fine view of the . . . — Map (db m4162)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Lewis Randolph Ball
		February 15, 1913 – February 2, 1987. Dedicated to the memory of a man who for sixty years worked in Burgess Barber Shop and downtown Fredericksburg. During those years he warmed the hearts of this community with his friendship, ever present smile, and sense of humor. His contributions to our quality of life are gratefully acknowledged. — Map (db m1147)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Marye’s Heights
		A Northern photographer took this picture of Marye’s Heights in May 1864, setting up his camera in front of “Federal Hill,” a large white house approximately 250 yards to your left-rear. Seventeen months earlier, thousands of Union soldiers caught a glimpse of this panoramic view as they hurried past Federal Hill on their way to attack Marye’s Heights. Although streets and houses now cover the plain where thousands of soldiers died, important remnants of the Civil War landscape . . . — Map (db m1066)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Meditation Rock
		Here Mary Ball Washington prayed for the safet of her son and country during the dark days of the Revolution. This tablet was presented by The National Mary Washington Memorial Association (Chartered February 22, 1890 - February 22, 1962) by whose devoted efforts this monument was erected and this site maintained. — Map (db m9194)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Near Disaster — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		On this hill on December 13, 1862, Confederate General Robert E. Lee twice nearly met personal disaster. While firing its 39th round of the day, a 30-pounder Parrott Rifle (like the one in front of you) burst, sending chunks of metal across the hilltop - narrowly missing Generals Lee and Longstreet. Later, a Union artillery shell fired from Stafford Heights, more than a mile away, buried itself in the earthworks at Lee's side. The shell failed to explode. Meanwhile, Confederate cannons here . . . — Map (db m8862)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Original Wall — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		Standing here you can clearly see how the Sunken Road got its name. Cut into the base of Marye's Heights, the roadbed sits several feet below the grade of the surrounding hill slope. Stone retaining walls on either side of the road hold the banks in place. When the Confederate army arrived here in November 1862, it found a ready-made breastwork behind which to fight. At the time of the battle, the stone wall stretched for more than 500 yards along the eastern (left) side of the road. After . . . — Map (db m8638)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Parker's Battery
		May 3, 1863 In this vicinity the men of Parker's Confederate Battery (the "Boy Company") under Lt. J. Thompson Brown fought two guns, twice gallantly assisting in repulsing the Union VI Corps before being outflanked and overwhelmed. — Map (db m8850)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Pontoon Bridge Site
		Federals crossed here on Pontoon Bridge, Dec 12-13, 1862 — Map (db m5378)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Ravaged Town
		Fredericksburg had enjoyed more than a century of comfortable prosperity by 1860. Although its economic heydey was past, the town’s elegant houses, numerous churches, and shady, tree-lined streets bespoke lingering wealth and refinement. The Civil War shattered the town’s stately tranquility. On December 11, 1862, some 150 Union cannon fired on Fredericksburg, toppling walls and setting fire to buildings. Confederate artillery added to the destruction, targeting Union soldiers who occupied, . . . — Map (db m2577)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Religious Liberty
		(Front) From a meeting in Fredericksburg, January 3-17, 1777, of a Committee of Revisors appointed by the General Assembly of Virginia, composed of Thomas Jefferson, George Mason, Edmund Pendleton, George Wythe and Thomas Ludwell Lee to “settle the plan of operation and to distribute the work” evolved The Statute of Religious Freedom authored by Thomas Jefferson in the document the United States of America made probably its greatest contribution to government . . . — Map (db m1078)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Rocky Lane
		Rocky Lane leading to Washington Ferry. Center pontoon bridge was located near foot of lane (Battle of Fredericksburg) December 11 - 16, 1862. — Map (db m1130)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Second Town Hall / Market House
		The building in front of you is the Town Hall / Market House. Completed in 1816, it served as Fredericksburg’s governmental center until 1982, making it the second oldest continuously used town hall in the American south. The building was used in much of the same way as its predecessor. The lower level housed the Market House while the upper two floors were home to offices of the town government and several small meeting rooms. The building retains many of its original architectural finished . . . — Map (db m1125)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Seeking Civil Rights
		On July 2, 1960, minority citizens of Fredericksburg began a protest to effect social and political change through direct action. A larger Civil Rights Movement had begun in earnest following the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down as unconstitutional the concept of “separate but equal.” It rapidly spread through much of the South in the form of bus boycotts, freedom riders, and protest marches. Fredericksburg’s sit-ins occurred at W.T. Grant’s (directly across . . . — Map (db m1059)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Seeking Cover — Battle of Fredericksburg
		For Union soldiers who attacked Marye's Heights, the open plain in front of you offered just two sources of cover: the brick Stratton house, visible just two blocks ahead on the left side of the street, and the swale, a slight drop in the landscape just beyond the Stratton house. Both are visible from this location. For three days, Union soldiers stubbornly clung to their position in front of the stone wall, pinned down by Confederate riflemen in the Sunken Road. Some Union soldiers lying in . . . — Map (db m25643)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Shiloh Baptist Church (New Site)
		In 1886, the African Baptist Church, on Sophia Street, sustained serious flood damage. The congregation purchased a new site on higher ground, but a clouded deed delayed construction. In the interim, approximately half of the members decided to rebuild their church on the old site. The other half erected the sanctuary in front of you, in 1890, and named it the Shiloh Baptist Church (New Site). At that time African-Americans sought to overcome racial discrimination through education. In . . . — Map (db m732)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Shiloh Baptist Church (Old Site)
		Former slaves as well as free blacks realized that education was critical to African-American aspirations. Immediately after the Civil War, the Shiloh Baptist Church organized a school for black students. The Freedmen’s Bureau supported this effort, with funding, and Northern white teachers came to provide instruction. One such missionary, a woman from Ohio named Sophia Hatch taught students here and at other black schools in Fredericksburg until 1890. In addition to promoting education, . . . — Map (db m1081)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Site of Barton House
		Site of Barton House, a beautiful Georgian style structure built in 1785 by James Maury, whom George Washington appointed as the first American ambassador to England. Guests in the Barton House included such notables as General Robert E. Lee and Daniel Webster. The present building erected in 1905, is the former Princess Anne Hotel, for over half a century the center of the cultural and social life of the city of Fredericksburg. During its life as a hotel, Winston Churchill, Clemenceau, David . . . — Map (db m14426)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Spanish War Veterans
		In memory of our comrades who encamped on this site prior to the campaign in Cuba during the War with Spain 1898–1899. — Map (db m1712)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Stating Inalienable Rights
		On October 7, 1776, three months after the Continental Congress had adopted the Declaration of Independence, the Virginia Assembly held its first session, in Williamsburg. The Assembly appointed Thomas Jefferson and four delegated to a Committee of Law Revisors, to adapt Virginia’s existing laws to the principles of its new government. From January 13-17, 1777, the committee met in Fredericksburg to divide up this massive task. George Mason joined the initial discussions, but left the . . . — Map (db m1061)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Stephens Family Cemetery — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		Buried here are eight members of the Innis, Mazeen, and Stephens families, including the most famous of them all: Martha Stephens. Local children knew Martha Stephens as "Granny." They also remembered her ever-present apron, the pipe often clenched in her teeth, and her matronly form. But Martha Stephens was no typical "Granny." At the time when women rarely owned property, she owned no fewer than seven tracts, including a 92-acre farm in Spotsylvania County. For a time, she ran a saloon in . . . — Map (db m8568)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — Sunken Road Walking Trail — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		On December 13, 1862, Union troops poured out of Fredericksburg to attack Confederate forces behind the town. The heaviest blows fell here at Marye's Heights. For eight hours Union troops repeatedly charged the heights only to be slaughtered by the volleys of Confederate riflemen occupying a sunken road at the base of the hill. This half-mile trail takes you down the Sunken Road, then climbs the hill and comes back along Marye's Heights, concluding at the National Cemetery. Those not wishing . . . — Map (db m8830)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — The “Demon of Destruction”
		Had the demon of destruction held an orgie in the town, had all the imps of hell been called together and turned loose upon the city, it could scarcely have been more blasted, ruined and desecrated than when left by the Yankee army.” —A correspondent of the Charleston Courier, December 16, 1862 It started with shelling from 140 Union guns on the morning of December 11, 1862—two days before the Battle of Fredericksburg. Whizzing shell fragments, tumbling . . . — Map (db m2576)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Canal Ditch
		The post-Civil War street in front of you, Kenmore Avenue, covers a wartime millrace or canal ditch. On December 13, 1862, the ditch became a maddening obstacle to Union soldiers advancing against Marye’s Heights. Five feet deep, 15 feet wide, and filled with frigid water, it could only be crossed on three battered bridges. As the Federals funneled across the waterway, they were pummeled by Confederate artillery. Once across the ditch, the Federals formed in the shelter of a slight bluff, then . . . — Map (db m1067)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Canal Ditch: Battlefield Obstacle
		The Rappahannock Canal fed lesser waterways that powered a variety of small industries. One of these secondary drainages branched off from the main canal in this area and became an obstacle to Federal troops during the 1862 battle of Fredericksburg. On December 12 , the 82nd New York Infantry Regiment cleared Confederate pickets from a paper mill (no longer standing) between the main canal and what was called the canal ditch. They secured the gates to close off the water flow, but the . . . — Map (db m1070)
Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Confederate Line — The Battle of Fredericksburg
		You are now standing beside the Sunken Road, part of a heavily used 19th-century road system that linked Washington, D.C. and Richmond. In 1862, Confederate riflemen fired from the road upon line after line of Union troops advancing across open fields to your left. (Houses constructed early last century now cover most of these fields.) A waist-high stone wall protected the Confederate riflemen; Union troops had no such protection. To your right is Marye's Heights. Nine guns of the Washington . . . — Map (db m8510)

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