| Georgia (Gordon County), Adairsville — 064-32 — Cherokee Nation |
| | During the early 1800’s, northern Georgia was heart of the sovereign, independent Cherokee Indian Nation. By this time Cherokee were the most progressive Indian tribe in North America. In 1821, they became the first American Indians with a written form of their native language, invented by Sequoyah, an uneducated Cherokee.
New Echota, the Cherokee national capital, was located 10 miles north. There a constitutional government of executive, legislative, and judicial branches ruled the . . . — Map (db m11567) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Adairsville — 064-1 — Oothcaloga Valley |
| | During the advance of Sherman's forces S. from Resaca, May 16-17, 1864, the (US) 4th, followed by the 14th Corps, marched by this and nearby roads, pursuing Johnston`s forces (CS) which had evacuated Resaca the night before. Newton's Div., leading 4th Corps (US) was aligned across the road, his right on hill to the west. A spirited rear-guard action followed, in which Francis T. Sherman's Brigade assaulted detachments of Cheatham's Div. (CS) at the Saxon house, near the County Line. — Map (db m11021) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Adairsville — 064-2 — Site of the Robert C. Saxon House |
| | Otherwise known as the Octagon or Gravel House ~ an eight~sided stone residence, built in 1856, on the knoll east of here. May 17, 1864, a rear guard action between Cheatham’s Div., Hardee’s A. C. and Newton’s 2d Div., 4th A. C. was fought along this road. Eight Tenn. Regts. of Wright’s, Maney’s and Vaughan’s brigades posted here, defended it during several hours of musketry and artillery fire, withdrawing at midnight. Burned by 73d Illinois Regt. next day. — Map (db m11056) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Audubon — 064-23 — Field's Mill & Ferry |
| | May 16, 1864. Butterfield's (3rd) div. 20th A.C., (US) instead of crossing at McClure's Ferry 2mi. downstream, sought to gain time by moving to Field's -- reaching here 11 P.M. Not until noon of the 17th was it across.
Schofield, prevented from crossing his corps (23d) (US) at McClure's, moved the 1st & 2d divs. to Field's, arriving here early the 17th -- as did Cox's (3d) div., which had marched via Tilton & Holley.
With Butterfield at Field's, Schofield's A.C. (the left wing of . . . — Map (db m16291) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Blackwood — 064-28 — Oothcaloga Mission |
| | The two-story portion of this house was the Oothcaloga Moravian Mission Station, serving this region of the Cherokee Nation from 1822 until 1833. John Gambold, whose grave lies 100 yards east, was first missionary here.
Built in 1821 by Joseph Crutchfield, and sold to the Moravians in 1822, this house was an active church and educational center for Cherokee adults and children. Gambold died Nov. 9, 1827. He was followed by J.R. Schimidt (1827-28), Franz Eder (1828~29), and Henry G. Clauder . . . — Map (db m11023) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-19 — Battle of Lay's Ferry |
| | May 14, 1864. A contingent from Sweeny´s (2d) div., 16th A.C. [US] made a crossing here in pontoon boats, but on a rumor of Confederate crossings upstream, it withdrew. May 15. The division, supported by Welker´s Artillery [US], crossed in force & deployed to meet the immediate attack by Maj. Gen. W.H.T. Walker´s div.,
Hardee´s A.C. [CS], in the area between the George W. Frix house & the Oostanaula River. This Federal move on the Confederate left & rear forced Johnston [CS] to evacuate his lines at Resaca. — Map (db m13865) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-16 — Calhoun, Ga, May 18, 1864. |
| | Gen. J.E Johnston’s three Corps, [CS] after 2 days of battle at Resaca -- outflanked by superior Federal forces -- withdrew S. Hood’s Corps marched by a road 1 mile E.; Polk’s & Hardee’s on direct road to Calhoun -- Polk continued to Adairsville. Hardee’s Corps shifted to the S.W. where on the banks of Oothcaloga Creek, Bate’s, Walker’s & Cleburne’s divisions in a rear guard action, delayed the advance of McPherson’s Army of the Tennessee [US] for 24 hours to secure the passage of the wagon trains. — Map (db m19279) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-14 — Gordon County |
| | This county was named for William Washington Gordon, of Savannah (1796-1842). The first Georgian to graduate at West Point, he entered the practice of law and was a pioneer in the railroad field in this State. He was the founder and first President of the Central Railroad and Banking Company, now the Central of Georgia System. Gordon county was created by act of the Georgia Legislature Feb. 13, 1850. Area 375 square miles. 1950 population 18,957. — Map (db m19295) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-18 — Johnston's Rear Guard Stops McPherson |
| | May 16, 1864, Walker´s div. of Hardee´s A.C. [CS], having delayed McPherson´s troops (15th & 16th A.C.) [US], at Lay´s Ferry ( 3.25 mi. N.W.) the day before,
was joined here by 2 division ~ Bate´s and Cleburne’s [CS]. Deploying on both sides of Oothcalooga creek, the left of the line covering the road to Adairsville, Hardee ~ facing N. & W. ~ held McPherson´s forces throughout the day to enable the Confederate wagon trains to proceed to Adairsville. This, the Battle of Rome Cross ~ Roads, was an episode of the Atlanta Campaign. — Map (db m13919) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-29 — New Echota — Cherokee National Capital |
| | The sprawling town of New Town which had stood here since 1819 was designated the seat Of government for the Cherokee Nation in A legislative act of 1825 and it was renamed New Echota for a former principal town in Tennessee. In its short history New Echota Was the site of the first Indian language Newspaper office, a court case which carried To the U.S. Supreme Court, one of the earliest Experiments in national self-government for An Indian tribe, the signing of a treaty which relinquished . . . — Map (db m11524) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-30 — New Echota Cemetery |
| | On the hilltop, 100 yards to the south, is the cemetery for the village of New Echota. The marked graves are those of Pathkiller, Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation until his death in 1827 and a colonel in Morgan's regiment in the War of 1812, and Harriet Gold Boudinot, born in Connecticut in 1805, wife of Elias Boudinot, editor of the Cherokee Phoenix. One of the unmarked graves is that of Jerusha Worcester, infant daughter of Samuel and Ann Worcester, the mission family at New Echota. — Map (db m11570) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-31 — New Echota Ferry — ← |
| | The head of the Oostanaula River is formed 200 yards northeast by the confluence of the Coosawattee and the Conasauga Rivers. The passage of travelers and freight along the Tennessee Road was served at this point by a ferry operated by the Cherokee Indians, principally by Alexander McCoy from 1819 through 1835. — Map (db m11057) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-34 — Roland Hayes — June 3, 1887 - January 1, 1977 |
| | Roland Hayes, the first internationally renowned African - American classical singer was born in Gordon County and performed at this site, the former Calhoun High Auditorium. Hayes opened doors for African - American concert and opera performers and elevated Negro spirituals to the classical level, singing them in concert with operatic arias. He
sang in seven languages. Hayes studied at Nashville´s Fisk University and toured the United States, performing at Carnegie Hall and Boston Symphony . . . — Map (db m13916) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Calhoun — 064-33 — Trail of Tears |
| | The New Echota Treaty of 1835 relinquished Cherokee Indian claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. The majority of the Cherokee people considered the treaty fraudulent and refused to leave their homelands in Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 7,000 Federal and State troops were ordered into the Cherokee Nation to forcibly evict the Indians. On May 26, 1838, the roundup began. Over 15,000 Cherokees were forced from their homes at gunpoint and imprisoned in stockades until . . . — Map (db m10051) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Cash — 064-24 — Big Spring |
| | May 17, 1864: Butterfield's (3d) div., 20th A.C [US], marched this way from Field’s Mill, Coosawattee River, enroute to Kingston & camped at the Smith farm 2 ½ miles N. of Mosteller’s Mills. May 18: Schofield's 23d A.C [US], marching from Field’s, reached vicinity at 2 A.M. Cox's 3d div. camped at this cross-roads until 5 A.M., & via Sonora, moved to Mosteller's. Hovey’s 1st and Judah’s 2d divs. camped at Big Spring (at other and of Dew’s Lake) and by evening reached Mosteller’s. These . . . — Map (db m19284) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-11 — Battle of Resaca |
| | May 16, 1864. Johnston's forces (CS) withdrew from Resaca via pontoon, R. R. & trestle bridges over the Oostanaula River. The 4th & two divs. Of the 14th Corps (US) rebuilt 2 bridges which had been burned & followed the retreating Confederates S., along R. R. and highway. Davis' (2d ) Div., 14th A. C. (US) moved W. of R. to Rome. The 20th & two divs. Of 23d A.C. (US) moved E. to Fites Ferry, Conasauga R., enroute to Coosawattee R. crossings - McClure's Ferry & the one at Fields Mill. Army of . . . — Map (db m11551) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-9 — Battle of Resaca |
| | May 13, 1864, McPherson's 15th and 16th A.C. (US) moving from Snake Creek Gap reached this cross-roads where his forces were deployed for advance toward Camp Cr. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's Cav. Div. (US) led advance; during a sharp engagement he was wounded by skirmishers of Polk's Corp(CS). Night found the 20th, 14th & 23d Corps (US) N. on Dalton - Calhoun road, & by noon May 14th, Federal forces W. of Resaca were deployed on ridges parallel to & overlooking Camp Creek. The battle began 2.5 . . . — Map (db m11552) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-3 — Battle of Resaca — May 14-15, 1864 |
| | 0.5 mi. W. is Camp Creek Valley, scene of the 23rd Corps (US) assaults on Hood's left and Hardee's right (CS), May 14. On ridge 0.2 mi. W. was the position of Wood's (3rd) Div., 4th A.C. and Capt. Wm. Wheeler's 13th New York battery (US), May 14-15. 225 yds. E. on wooded ridge is the emplacement of Capt. Max Van Den Corput's Cherokee Battery (CS) - 4 twelve pounders-captured and removed by 2d and 3d Divs. Of the 20th A.C (US) May 15. — Map (db m11553) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-4 — Battle of Resaca — May 14-15, 1864 |
| | At this point the intrenched line of Gen. John B. Hood's Corps (CS) crossed the road ~ this corps being one of the three composing Gen. J.E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee. Line faced N., Hindman's Div. (CS) on the left extended W. to Camp Creek Valley; Stevenson's Div. (CS) was astride the road and the right of Stewart’s Div. (CS) was E. at State R.R. near Conasauga River. Hardee's and Polk's Corps (CS) were aligned parallel to Camp Creek 0.5 mi. W. ~ left of Army (CS) being on Oostanaula River. — Map (db m11554) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-5 — Battle of Resaca |
| | Hood's line, (CS) beginning E. at State R.R. ran W. to point atop ridge (S) where Hardee's rt. joined it & together with Polk's Corps, (CS) the line was prolonged 3 miles S. to the Oostanaula River.
May 13, 1864, Sherman's forces (US) reached the old Dalton-Calhoun rd., W. of here (via Snake Cr. Gap). On 14th, from ridges W. of Camp Creek, 2 assaults were made on Johnston's line (CS) - one, 2.5 mi. southward - the other in this vicinity. In both attacks, the Federals moved across the creek . . . — Map (db m11555) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-6 — Battle of Resaca — May 14, 1864 |
| | A portion of Hood's A. C. (CS), thrust forward to hold ridge in fork of cr. was driven back to hills this side of the valley & N. of the road. Cox's ( 3d ) Div., 23d A. C. (US) having taken the ridge in creek - fork, was relieved by 4th A.C. which with 20th A. C. troops, (US) moved E. seizing the area between the creek & the State R.R. near the Conasauga River. This movement completed the Federal alignment parallel to the Confederate line N. & W. of Resaca. — Map (db m11556) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-13 — Battle of Resaca |
| | May 13, 1864. The 15th and the 16th A.C. (US) deployed astride road on ridges W. of those next to and this side of Camp Creek, where Polk's Corps (CS) was posted. May 14: The 15th and the 16th A.C. drove Polk's troops across creek from this ridges and occupied it. Polk established a line on a chain of hills just E. of creek. 5:30 pm: the 15th and the Veatch's (4th) Div. 16th A.C. (US) moved across creek and carried Polk's position, holding it against repeated attempts to regain it. Polk . . . — Map (db m11557) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-7 — Battle of Resaca — May 14, 1864 |
| | The Battle of Resaca was one of the few places where the entire armies of Sherman and Johnston faced each other in the Atlanta Campaign. Judah´s (2nd) Div., 23rd Army Corps & part of the 14th Corps [US] moved from the high bluff west of Camp Creek ¾ mile west to the valley floor & attempted to carry Confederate works east of the stream. Met by blazing musketry & artillery fire from Hindman´s and Bates Divs. [CS], posted on the ridge (east) the Federals sought refuge in the stream-bed &
made . . . — Map (db m13914) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-15 — Confederate Cemetery Resaca |
| | Established shortly after the war by Miss Mary J. Green & Associates for burial of Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Resaca. May 14, 1864, Maj. Gen. A. P. Stewart´s Div., Hood´s A. C. (rt. Of Johnston´s line) [CS], posted 600 yds. N. E., attacked Stanley´s Div., 4th A. C. [US] near Nance´s Spring and drove it N. W. to old Union Ch. above the County Line.
May 15. Stewart again attacked the Federals posted ¼ mi. S. of the County Line (near Scale´s house) but failed to dislodge Williams´ Div., 20th Corps [US]. — Map (db m13915) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-21 — Harlan’s Cross Roads — Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield’s Headquarters, May 16, 1864 |
| | Hovey’s 1st and Judah’s 2d divs. Of Sheffield’s 23 A.C. [US], enroute from Resaca battlefield crossed the Conasauga river at Fite's Fy. intending to pass the Coosawattee at McClure’s Ferry, 1.25 mi. east of here. But the 20th A.C. [US], diverted from Newtown ferry by Gen. Hooker got ahead of Schofield & crossed at McClure’s. This forced Schofield’s 2 divs. 2 mi. S.E. to Field’s Fy. Cox’s (3d) div. [US] crossed the Conasauga near Tilton, and via Holley, marched to Fields Fy. — Map (db m19281) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-22 — McClure’s Ferry |
| | May 16, 1864. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker (20th A. C.) [US], moving E. from Resaca, with orders to cross at Newtown Fy., elected to usurp the crossing at McClure’s thereby forcing Schofield’s 23d A. C. [US] to proceed E. to Field’s Mill & Ferry. William’s (1st) & Geary’s (2d) divs. [US] crossed at night on a temporary bridge. To hasten progress, Butterfield’s (3d) div. [US] moved on to Field’s -- further complicating affairs by getting there ahead of Schofield. The 23d A. C., with Stoneman’s & . . . — Map (db m19283) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — Miss Mary Green |
| | This tablet is dedicated by the Atlanta Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy to the memory of Miss Mary Green, who established this Resaca Cemetery –- the first in this state -- for our Confederate soldiers.
Made by the Georgia School of Technology – W.P.A. — Map (db m26347) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-14-2 — Polk's Line Withdrawn to Resaca |
| | May 14, 1864. After being driven from hills W. of Camp Creek by troops of the 15th and 16th Corps (US), Polk's A.C. (CS) was aligned on the E. side of the creek, its center posted on a chain of hills S. of this road and overlooking the creek ~ its extreme left on the Oostanaula River. 5:30 P.M., the Federals crossed the creek and carried Polk's line, forcing it E. to a position near U. S. Highway 41. Polk's repeated and unavailing attempts to recover his line prolonged the battle into the night. — Map (db m11558) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Sonoraville — GHM 064-26 — Old Sonora P.O. Now Sonoraville |
| | May 18, 1864. Maj. Gen. J.D. Cox's (3d) Div., 23d A.C. (US) marching S. from Field's Mill, Coosawattee River, via Cash, took the direct rd. to Sonora. Moving S. 4 mi., the div. turned W. on the Fairmount-Adairsville rd. to Mosteller's Mills (near Folsom), where it camped that night.
Hovey's & Judah's divisions marched from the Phillip's farm (Dew's Lake, near Cash) on the direct road to Mosteller's, where they were joined by Cox's division.
Schofield's 23d Corps (US) was the left . . . — Map (db m16290) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Sugar Valley — 064-8 — Snake Creek Gap |
| | May 8, 1864. McPherson´s 15th and 16th Corps [US] seized Snake Creek Gap. On the 9th, attempting to destroy the R. R. at Resaca, (defended by Cantey´s Div. of Polk’s Corps), [CS] McPherson was forced to withdraw to the mouth of the gap where he intrenched. This was the beginning of Sherman´s [US] move to outflank Johnston´s forces [CS] at Dalton.
May 13 ~ 14, Sherman moved the 14th, 20th, & 23d Corps [US] through the gap and together with McPherson´s troops, advanced toward Resaca ~ the . . . — Map (db m13913) |
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