| Virginia, Manassas — Battle of Bull Run Bridge — Liberia — Second Manassas Campaign |
| | In Aug. 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee ordered Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson from the Rappahannock River to keep Gen. John Pope’s and Gen. George B. McClellan’s armies from uniting. Jackson marched on Aug. 25, and Lee followed the next day with the rest of the Army of Northern Virginia. Jackson captured Bristoe Station and Manassas Junction late on Aug. 26. When reports reached Pope, he thought it was one of J.E.B. Stuart’s raids and ordered Gen. George W. Taylor’s . . . — Map (db m13286) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Burning of Manassas |
| | Manassas Junction was twice destroyed by fire in the Civil War and badly damaged by fires in 1905 and 1911. The Confederates burned their base here in March 1862 to avoid seizure by the Federals and Stonewall Jackson destroyed the Federal base in August, 1862. — Map (db m2456) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Confederate Cemetery |
| | Dedicated by the Ladies Memorial Association of Manassas, on August 30, 1889, to the heroes of Virginia and her sister states, who yielded their lives on July 18 & 21, 1861 & August 28, 29 & 30, 1862, in defense of the Confederate cause. — Map (db m19815) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Dean Divers Church |
| | This area was known as Five Forks during the Civil War and was settled by freed slaves during Reconstruction. In 1900 a Missionary Sunday School was opened on Balls Ford Road by Miss Jennie Dean. In 1909 this site was donated by Henritta Page. Though financial contributions by the Divers family of New Jersey and efforts of Miss Dean, the establishment of Dean Divers Baptist Church became a reality. — Map (db m20962) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Defenses of Manassas |
| | In this vicinity stood a number of small earthworks erected by the Confederates in the summer of 1861 to protect the railroad and their army’s base here. The Confederates evacuated Manassas in March, 1862, destroying what militarily useful material they could not remove. — Map (db m2470) |
| Virginia, Manassas — CL-5 — Fifth Prince William County Courthouse |
| | The city of Manassas originated in 1852 at the junction of the Manassas Gap and the Orange & Alexandria railroads. During the Civil War the junction’s strategic significance led to two important battles nearby. After the war, as the community grew, citizens sought to move the county seat there from Brentsville. In 1872, a year before Manassas was incorporated as a town and again in 1888 referenda failed. A third referendum in 1892 succeeded. This Romanesque Revival courthouse designed by James . . . — Map (db m778) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Harry J. Parrish |
| | Harry J. Parrish—The Man. Harry Jacob Parrish was born February 22, 1922 and has made Manassas his lifelong home. He attended Prince William county schools, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Wofford college, and schools of the US Air Force. Hs military service of almost three decades began is 1943 with the US Army Air Corps and ended with retirement from the US Air Force in 1971 with the took of Colonel and many military commendations. During World War II, he was one of the legendary . . . — Map (db m702) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Katie Hooe House |
| | This structure reputedly is the oldest dwelling in Manassas. Part of the building is of log and is supposed to have been built before the Civil War. Most of the original houses of the hamlet of Tudor Hall—subsequently Manassas, were in the fields in this area. In 1861 the Confederates erected a hospital nearby. — Map (db m2415) |
| Virginia, Manassas — CL-4 — Manassas |
| | According to tradition the name Manassas was derived either from an Indian source or from Manasseh, a Jewish innkeeper at Manassas Gap (35 miles west). The community originated in 1852 at the junction of the Manassas Gap and Orange & Alexandria railroads, which linked northern Virginia and Washington, D.C., with the Shenandoah Valley and central Virginia. During the Civil War the junction's strategic importance led to the battles of First and Second Manassas (Bull Run). Manassas was incorporated as a town in 1873 and became a city in 1975. — Map (db m23697) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1850 — Katie Hooe House & Tudor Hall — A New Village |
| | The Kate Hooe House at 8920 Quarry Road is the only known building in the historic district believed to date from the pre-Civil War period, when Manassas was a small village at the junction of two railroad lines. This wood frame house contains a rear ell, constructed of logs, that was used as housing for railroad workers. Just east of this spot stood the early 19th century farm dwelling Tudor Hall, (later structure pictured at right), which gave its name to the train stop and post office . . . — Map (db m23798) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1862 — Civil War Railroad Turntable & Repair Shop — Railroad Central to War |
| | In this vicinity stood the Civil War era Orange & Alexandria Railroad repair shops. Just east of Manassas City Hall stood the sidings and turntable of the railroad, used to reverse the direction of a train. When the Confederates evacuated the Manassas area in March 1862, the turntable, an engine, rolling stock, and other equipment were destroyed to keep them out of enemy hands. Since the railroad track was torn up before the locomotive could be sent south, the engine was wrecked where it sat (see photo on left). — Map (db m23825) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1890 - 1900s — Railroad Work's Homes Add Variety to City Architecture — A Prosperous Town |
| | After the county seat moved to Manassas in 1892, and the Southern Railway continued to prosper, the area outside the core downtown and along the railroad track experienced a building boom. The new clapboard homes ranged in style from Italianate, Second Empire, Queen Anne to Craftsman and American Foursquare. Several examples of turn-of-the-19th century Queen Anne-style dwellings are concentrated in the 9300 block of Prescott Avenue, and were built for Southern Railway employees: see the R.L. . . . — Map (db m23797) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1900 — A Flurry of Construction — Speiden Leaves Mark on Town |
| | As Manassas grew and prospered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the historic district filled with prominent homes, churches, and commercial buildings. The town had two banks and two newspapers. Telephone service began in 1895. Albert Speiden (pictured at right), a noted Washington, D.C. and Virginia architect who lived on Battle Street, designed the first Town Hall and many buildings and churches in Old Town. Manassas builders John, Frank, and Ira Cannon, and Benjamin C. Cornwell . . . — Map (db m23826) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1906 — Rebuilding Manassas — A Spirit of Optimism |
| | When the Civil War ended, newcomers and residents rebuilt the burned and devastated landscape around this vital railroad junction. The resulting town of Manassas, incorporated in 1873, quickly became the transportation and commercial hub of Prince William County. After a devastating 1905 fire, optimistic Manassas citizens rebuilt the town again. The town council required that buildings erected in the central business district be constructed of brick, stone, or concrete. Most of the prominent . . . — Map (db m23828) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas Presbyterian Church |
| | Built in 1875, this building served the congregation for 100 years. Built of locally quarried red sandstone, the church had original Tiffany windows which were removed to the new church. The church was shown in My Son John, a movie partially filmed in Manassas in 1952 starring Van Heflin and Helen Hayes. Two former steeples have been removed. — Map (db m2471) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manasss 1905 - The Great Fire — Courage & Determination Save Town |
| | During the cold winter night of December 5, 1905, a smoldering fire began in Blossom's Alley across the tracks from the train depot. It soon raged through the young town of Manassas, destroying 35 homes, the post office, and business bordered by Main, Center, and Battle Streets and the railroad tracks. Standing shoulder to shoulder, men, women, and children of all ages passed buckets of water and wet blankets down Center street to extinguish the fire. Local lore tells that brickmaker Donation . . . — Map (db m23773) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — A Civil War Redoubt — The Manassas Museum System |
| | This 11-acre historic park, part of the Manassas Museum System, contains one of only two surviving Civil War fortifications in the City of Manassas. The earthwork was built by Confederate troops in the Spring of 1861 as part of the Manassas Junction defenses, on the Hooe family farm, Mayfield. The historic site contains the Mayfield house foundation and the Hooe family cemetery, as well as walking trails, interpretive markers, and reproduction cannon. Please proceed along the marked trails . . . — Map (db m2366) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — Fortifying the Junction — The Manassas Museum System |
| | Following Virginia’s decision to secede from the Union in in April 1861, Southern troops began arriving here at the small village of Tudor Hall, which soon came to be known as Manassas Junction. This place, where the Orange & Alexandria and Manassas Gap railroads intersected, was quickly transformed from a quite farming community into a military stronghold. Some 20,000 new recruits poured in from across Virginia and other Southern states. Confederate leaders recognized the importance of . . . — Map (db m2369) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — The Changing Fortunes of War — The Manassas Museum System |
| | After the First Battle of Manassas on June 21, 1861, Confederate forces continued to hold Manassas Junction until March 1862. They evacuated Manassas and moved south in order to counter Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s plans to attack Richmond. During this period, Union forces occupied the abandoned Confederate earthworks. Manassas Junction became an important supply base for the Federals. On August 26, 1862, Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s troops briefly . . . — Map (db m2370) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — The People and the Land — The Manassas Museum System |
| | American Indians lived on the land long before white settlers and slaves came to this area. Living in nomadic hunter-gatherer groups, people called the Dogues and the Mannahoacs roamed the Northern Virginia Piedmont region. Archaeological evidence dates human activity on this site to at least 6,000 years ago. As European settlement advanced westward from the Tidewater region, the native peoples withdrew. In 1740 Patrick Hamrick patented his tract of land, which became known as Mayfield. The . . . — Map (db m2386) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — Unearthing the Past — The Manassas Museum System |
| | Archeology is the detective work of history. Evidence recovered from the soil often provides valuable clues for learning how people lived, worked, and died, especially when documentary sources are scarce. Excavations were conducted at the Hooe House site by the Archeology Society of Virginia (ASV) in 1984-85. The fort site was excavated during a nine-month period in 1987 by Thunderbird Archeological Associates. Additional fieldwork, including a cross-section of the earthwork wall, was carried . . . — Map (db m2393) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — Monster Manassas - How Strong a Stronghold? — The Manassas Museum System |
| | The Mayfield earthwork, known in military engineering terms as a redoubt, was a circle of raised earth some 200 feet in diameter. It may have included a retaining wall of timbers and brush, and planks to support artillery. While capable of self-defense, a redoubt was designed to provide overlapping fields of fire with other earthworks. Contemporary opinions on the strength of the Manassas defenses varied considerably. Some authors of the day spoke of the strength of the fortifications: . . . — Map (db m2396) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — Firepower — The Manassas Museum System |
| | Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard, commander of the troops defending Manassas, had been one of the pre-war U.S. Army's outstanding artillerists. Fearing an imminent Union attack, he worked feverishly to obtain cannons for the fortifications and experienced crews to man them. Most of the available guns were horse-drawn field pieces capable of firing canister (cases of small iron balls) or solid shot in weights of 10 or 20 pounds. The reproduction Model 1857 “Napoleon” cannon at right was . . . — Map (db m2405) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — Quaker Guns — The Manassas Museum System |
| | Some of the Confederate cannons placed at Manassas and nearby Centreville were for show only. These non-functioning cannon were intended to deceive Union soldiers who might turn their telescopes on the earthworks: “This was nothing other than huge mock guns of wood—‘Quaker guns’ as they have come to be called....Some of these Quaker guns are mere logs with the bark on, just as they come from the tree. Others have the end pointing outward, colored black. Others again are fashioned . . . — Map (db m2408) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — Manning the Fort — The Manassas Museum System |
| | The life of Civil War soldiers in camp was one of boredom, fear, mischief, disease and even death. Thousands of young men, many of whom had never before left their family farms or urban neighborhoods, were crowded into the makeshift camps. Disease could run rampant, and sanitary conditions were often inadequate. Most men lived in tents year-round, though the Confederates built crude wooden huts during the winder of 1861-1862. Much of the soldier's day was spent learning military drill. They . . . — Map (db m2409) |
| Virginia, Manassas — CL-6 — Old Bennett School |
| | In 1908 the General Assembly authorized ten agricultural high schools, one in each congressional district. The first such school was built in Manassas in 1908-1909 and named for Dr. Maitland C. Bennett, who donated the land. During construction, workers discovered the graves of unknown Civil War soldiers. Union veteran George Round, a Manassas school district trustee, and Confederate veteran George Tyler, school superintendent, decided to erect the school over the burials as a monument to the . . . — Map (db m772) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Opera House |
| | Built circa 1907. Served as the main community center for Manassas until the mid 1930s. It later was used by the Manassas Journal newspaper. — Map (db m2472) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Peace Jubilee — Friendship and Reconciliation |
| | In July, 1911, an amazing event took place here at Manassas, Virginia. The Manassas National Jubilee of Peace brought together Union and Confederate veterans fifty years after the first major battle of the Civil War. For the first time, veterans of both sides came together on the same ground in a ceremony of peace and reconciliation.
The idea for the Peace Jubilee, a week-long celebration of national healing and reunion that took place July 16-22, came in a letter to the Washington . . . — Map (db m2469) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Site of Manassas Junction |
| | One mile west was the junction of the Orange and Alexandria and Manassas Gap Railroad lines. The point became known as Manassas Junction. During the Civil War both sides used the area as a supply base. The site of the first depot was probably about one half mile to the east. The present structure was erected by the Southern Railroad in 1914, and is the third building on this site. For many years this depot was an important passenger and freight stop in commerce between markets of the north, south, and Shenandoah Valley. — Map (db m700) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Steam Locomotive Tire Fire Alarm – 1909 |
| | One of the challenges for volunteer fire departments is how to alert their members to a fire. In July 1909, the Town of Manassas authorized Mr. J. I. Randall, the first town Fire Chief, to purchase three locomotive tires to be suspended in frames in different parts of town to be used as fire alarms. Each alarm was to be furnished with a hammer or other device to strike the tire.
One alarm was located on Center Street by the Town Hall, another was placed on Grant Avenue at the present . . . — Map (db m392) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Steam Locomotive Tire Fire Alarm – 1909 |
| | One of the challenges for volunteer fire departments is how to alert their members to a fire. In July 1909, the Town of Manassas authorized Mr. J. I. Randall, the first town Fire Chief, to purchase three locomotive tires to be suspended in frames in different parts of town to be used as fire alarms. Each alarm was to be furnished with a hammer or other device to strike the tire.
One alarm was located on Center Street by the Town Hall, another was placed on Grant Avenue at the present . . . — Map (db m2417) |
| Virginia, Manassas — The Manassas Museum — Defending the Junction — First and Second Manassas Campaigns |
| | During the 1850s two railroad lines, the Orange & Alexandria and the Manassas Gap, intersected at a small Prince William County Village that became known as Manassas Junction. In 1861 more than 20,000 Confederate troops from across the South gathered in what is today downtown Manassas. Working alongside slaves requisitioned from local farms, they built a ring of earthen fortifications around the junction. Naval cannon captured in Norfolk were included in the defenses, manned by Confederate . . . — Map (db m2454) |
| Virginia, Manassas — The Wisconsin Company — 1st Regiment of Berdan's U.S. Sharpshooters |
| | The Wisconsin Company 1st Regiment of Berdan's U.S. Sharpshooters used many cartridges on this spot, August 30, 1862. Losing 1 man killed and 8 wounded position marked by Geo. E. Albee, a private of the company — Map (db m20395) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — Prelude to First Manassas |
| | (Preface): During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousands of soldiers who passed through the junction. More than 34,000 Confederate . . . — Map (db m2453) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — World’s First Military Railroad |
| | (Preface): During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousands of soldiers who passed through the junction. Just in front of you ran the . . . — Map (db m2459) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — Walking and Driving Tours |
| | The Manassas Museum System invites you to take walking and driving tours of the city’s historic Civil War sites. This map shows the locations of the sites featured on both tours. Copies of the map may be obtained inside the museum to take with you. To begin the downtown Manassas walking tour, follow the trail to the marker at the bottom of this hill to your right front. Return here to retrieve your car and begin the Manassas driving tour. — Map (db m2462) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — “Fortifications of Immense Strength” |
| | During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousand of soldiers who passed through the junction.
Early in May 1861, Col. Philip St. George . . . — Map (db m2463) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — “On to Richmond!” |
| | (During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousand of soldiers who passed through the junction.)
On July 16, 1861, Confederate Gen. P.G.T. . . . — Map (db m2464) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — Jackson’s Daring Raid |
| | (During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousand of soldiers who passed through the junction.)
You are standing at the site of a massive . . . — Map (db m2465) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — The Curious Descend on Manassas for Curios |
| | (During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousand of soldiers who passed through the junction.)
In the days following the First Battle of . . . — Map (db m2466) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — “The Sickness is Upon Us” |
| | (During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousand of soldiers who passed through the junction.)
In 1861, there were only 30 surgeons and 84 . . . — Map (db m2467) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Wartime Manassas — Confederates Withdraw to Richmond |
| | During the Civil War, two railroads—the Manassas Gap and the Orange and Alexandria—intersected here. Manassas Junction was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederacy as a supply depot and for military transportation. Two of the war’s great battles were fought nearby. Diaries, letters, and newspaper articles documented the war’s effects on civilians as well as the thousand of soldiers who passed through the junction.
You are standing in the midst of what was a . . . — Map (db m2468) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — "...Like a Stone Wall" — First Battle of Manassas |
| | On the brow of the hill Brig. Gen. Bernard Bee was desperately trying to rally his men when he caught sight of Thomas J. Jackson with fresh troops here at the edge of the pine thicket. "Look!" Bee shouted. "There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians!" The nickname spread rapidly through the Confederate Army and throughout the South. "Stonewall" Jackson was on his way to becoming a legend. Jackson's Line You are standing in the center of Stonewall Jackson's line . . . — Map (db m8304) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — “The Unfinished Railroad” |
| | These cuts and fills are what remain of the Independent Line of the Manassas Gap Railroad. The Independent Line was constructed in the mid-1850s to connect Gainesville, 5 miles to the west, with Alexandria, 25 miles to the east. After completing the grade, the Manassas Gap Railroad Company ran out of money. No tracks was ever laid. — Map (db m658) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 10th New York Vol. Infantry — National Zouaves |
| | Erected by the State of New York, to commemorate the patriotic services of the 10th Reg't New York Volunteers National Zouaves Mustered into the U.S. Service April 27th 1861. Reorganized as a Battalion, April 27th 1863. Participated in 23 battles and campaigns, including the surrender of the Confederate Army at Appomattox, Va. April 9th, 1865. Here, August 30th 1862 the Regiment assisted in resisting the assault of a superior force of the enemy, losing nearly a third of its number, one . . . — Map (db m9836) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 15th Alabama Infantry — Second Battle of Manassas |
| | August 30, 1862 3:15 p.m. Trimble's Brigade (Brown) Ewell's Division (Lawton) Left Wing (Jackson) Army of Northern Virginia, CSA 15th Alabama Infantry Maj. A. A. Lowther "On the right the Federals were in an old field in plain view, and the 15th Alabama got in some deadly work at a right oblique. The Federals just simply jammed up against the embankment opposite the right of the 15th. They were so thick that it was impossible to miss them. What a slaughter! What a slaughter of men that . . . — Map (db m18360) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 20th New York State Militia — "Ulster Guard" — Second Battle of Manassas |
| | August 30, 1862 3:15 p.m. 3rd Brigade (Patrick), First Division (Hatch) Third Corps (McDowell) Army of Virginia (Pope), USA 20th New York State Militia (80th New York Volunteers) "Ulster Guard" Col. George W. Pratt "The order was given to advance, and the three lines moved slowly forward, receiving the enemy's musketry and canister. The first and second lines melted away, and I found myself in the first line and under a murderous fire. The right of my line advanced to within a few yards . . . — Map (db m18359) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 2nd New Hampshire Infantry — First Battle of Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861 11:00 a.m. 2nd Brigade (Burnside), Second Division (Hunter) Army of Northeastern Virginia, USA 2nd New Hampshire Infantry Col. Gilman Marston "With the 71st New York State Militia on its left, the 2nd New Hampshire rushed to the front, and opened its store of buck and ball on the enemy. In front of the 2nd the rebels were well covered from view by the dense brush along a line of rail fence in the edge of the woods; but the men aimed low and blazed away. It was a square . . . — Map (db m9734) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 2nd Rhode Island Infantry — First Battle of Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861 11:00 a.m. 2nd Brigade (Burnside) Army of Northeastern Virginia, USA 2nd Rhode Island Infantry Col. John S. Slocum "The 2nd was hotly engaged and made so gallant a fight as to push the enemy off the plateau and partly down the hillside. In the cornfield on the slope, and among the woods beyond, they found temporary shelter. But the fire of the 2nd was hot and deadly, and although fresh enemy troops were constantly coming up, our men obstinately held the crest. For nearly . . . — Map (db m9737) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 4th Alabama Infantry — First Battle of Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861 11:00 a.m. 3rd Brigade (Bee) Army of the Shenandoah (Johnson), CSA 4th Alabama Infantry Col. Egbert J. Jones "Our regiment had scarcely emerged from the timber before a murderous fire was opened on us by the Yankees. Our brave boys marched steadily up the hill in the face of the shower of balls. We were then ordered to halt and lie down. It was a critical moment, and a fearful position, but the boys stood it with courage and coolness." -Chaplain James G. Hudson — Map (db m9730) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 4th South Carolina Infantry — First Battle of Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861 6:30 a.m. 7th Brigade (Evans) Army of the Potomac (Beauregard), CSA 4th South Carolina Infantry Col. J.B.E. Sloan "Just before day on Sunday morning those of us on post nearest the Warrenton Turnpike heard the enemy approaching. We gave the alarm, and in a few minutes the regiment was formed in line of battle on the hill overlooking the Stone Bridge. Just at six o'clock the enemy fired their first gun (a cannon). It went over us, and in a few moments a regular firing was . . . — Map (db m9740) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 5th Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry — Duryee Zouaves |
| | Erected by the State of New York September 29, 1906, to commemorate the heroic services of the 5th Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry (Duryee Zouaves) ———————————— Here, about 4 p.m. August 30, 1862, the regiment, 482 strong, supported Hazlett's Battery, "D" 5th U.S. Artillery, when attacked by a Division of the victorious Confederates. The Regiment stubbornly withstood this force, and checked its advance, until the . . . — Map (db m9839) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 71st New York State Militia — First Battle of Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861 11:00 a.m. 2nd Brigade (Burnside), 2nd Division (Hunter) Army of Northeastern Virginia, USA 71st New York State Militia Col. Henry P. Martin "The Alabama 4th, which had long ago expressed, in print, their desire to meet the New York 71st, deployed from a wood. The 71st, recognizing them, answered the challenge with a shout, and, springing forward, delivered a volley of musketry. They then charged down the hill upon them with tremendous vigor, intending to take them with . . . — Map (db m9733) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 73rd Ohio Infantry — Second Battle of Manassas |
| | August 30, 1862 5:00 p.m. 2nd Brigade (McLean), First Division (Schenk) First Corps (Sigel), Army of Virginia, USA 73rd Ohio Infantry Col. Orland Smith "The enemy in our front, moving in concert with those on our flank, came out of the woods - their line masking and overlapping our own. The whole left of our brigade poured into them a murderous volley. The combat grew fierce indeed. But the contest was not long. On came the flanking column. We stood until the enemy had nearly gained . . . — Map (db m9788) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 7th Georgia Markers |
| | Sometime after 1903, veterans of the 7th Georgia Infantry erected at least six markers on the Manassas battlefield to locate battle positions. Only this marker and one other approximately 350 yards southeast of here survive. Colonel Francis S. Bartow was killed while leading the 7th Georgia against Captain James B. Ricketts' battery. During the battle the 7th Georgia suffered 153 casualties out of 580 men present. — Map (db m8236) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — 8th Georgia Infantry — First Battle of Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861 11:00 a.m. 2nd Brigade (Bartow) Army of the Shenandoah (Johnson), CSA 8th Georgia Infantry Lt. Col. W.M. Gardner "Away we went straight into the teeth of the murderous fire. We entered a thicket and were within 100 yards of the enemy. Yet, not a gun of ours was fired until the command 'commence firing' was given. Most of the men were cool as cucumbers - each would load, pick his man, and take deliberate aim. We stood the fire in that wood for 30 minutes, and had the . . . — Map (db m9731) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — G-19 — Action at Bristoe Station |
| | On 26 August 1862 Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s command, led by Col. Thomas T. Munford’s 2d Virginia Cavalry and Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell’s division, arrived here at sunset after marching 54 miles in two days around Maj. Gen. John Pope’s Union army. They surprised and captured Pope’s infantry pickets, derailed two northbound trains, destroyed the Broad Run bridge, and cut telegraph wires to sever the Union lines of supply and communication with Washington. Jackson then . . . — Map (db m4852) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Attack From Matthews Hill — Cannoneer's-Eye View — First Battle of Manassas |
| | From the ridge beyond Stone House 15,000 Federals were swiftly advancing in this direction. Confederate Capt. John Imboden rushed four cannon into position here, to try to slow the Federal attack. Behind this slight rise the artillerists had some protection from enemy bombardment. Though the smoke and dust, Imboden's men could see outnumbered Confederate infantry starting to fall back from Matthews Hill. The connoneers kept firing at top speed, knowing it would take massive reinforcements to . . . — Map (db m8229) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Battlefield of Bull Run or First Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861. Confederates under General Beauregard defeated Federals under General McDowell. General Jackson given name of “Stonewall” on this field. Generals Bee and Bartow killed. Old stone house used as hospital. This marker erected July 21, 1928. — Map (db m840) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Ben Lomond Farm |
| | The Federal style stone, “Manor” house and its accessory buildings are the visible reminders of Ben Lomond Farm, which was begun in about 1830 by Benjamin Tasker Chinn, the grandson of Robert “Councillor” Carter. Ben Lomond is one of the few remaining Carter family houses in an area which once exhibited such fine country residences as Portici, Pittsylvania, Hazel Plain, Mountain View, Elmwood, Sudley and Woodland. The house served as a hospital during the First and . . . — Map (db m734) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Blocking the Union Advance — First Battle of Manassas |
| | Knowing they were badly outnumbered, Evans' 900 Confederates stared across this open field, waiting for the enemy to appear over the crest of the hill. Their only hope was to slow the 15,000-man Federal column long enough for reinforcements to arrive. When the first Federals topped the rise, the Confederates fired. Both sides rushed reinforcements into the fight, and the battle raged on a half-mile front. After 1 ½ hours, outflanked and overwhelmed, the Confederates retreated in disarray toward Henry Hill. The battle seemed lost. — Map (db m9660) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Brigadier General Francis Stebbings Bartow |
| | Born Savannah Georgia, Sept. 16, 1816 Mortally wounded on this spot, July 21, 1861 Commanded 7th, 8th, 9th & 11th Georgia & 1st Kentucky Regiments The first Confederate officer to give his life on the field. — Map (db m593) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Brooklyn Fourteenth |
| | 14th Regiment N.Y.S.M. (84th Regiment N.Y. Vols.) This monument is erected in commemoration of the dead of the regiment in the battles of First Bull Run, July 21, 1861 • Gainesville, August 28, 1862 • Groveton, August 29, 1862 • Second Bull Run, August 30, 1862.
In these and other engagements in which the regiment participated until mustered out of the United States Service June 6, 1864, the loss in killed and wounded aggregated about six hundred officers and enlisted men. — Map (db m14082) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Brownsville |
| | During the Civil War, the William M. Lewis plantation “Brownsville” consisted of 400 acres of land, a large family residence, and numerous outbuildings. Four of the buildings housed a total of twenty-two slaves. Here stood the main house, referred to affectionately by the postwar residents as “Folly Castle.” Nannie Neville Leachman fondly remembered childhood evenings she spent at Folly Castle after the war. “After supper we'd drift out on the porch, Papa in . . . — Map (db m14174) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — C-48 — Campaign of Second Manassas |
| | Here Taliaferro, of Jackson’s force, came into the highway in the late night of August 27, 1862. He was marching from Manassas to the position about a mile and a half to the north held by Jackson in the Second Battle of Manassas. — Map (db m604) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Cavalry Clash — Second Battle of Manassas - Day Three - August 30, 1862 |
| | These open fields and low hills make idea terrain for a cavalry fight. Here on the Lewis property, John Buford's cavalry was guarding the Union Army's left flank during the retreat from Henry Hill. Scouts reported Rebel cavalry approaching fast. Buford decided to attack immediately from the ridge where Route 66 now runs. By then the opposing columns were close enough to hear each other's commands: "Draw sabers! Forward, trot!" The lines of cavalry met head-on. Men were knocked from their . . . — Map (db m9758) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Charge on Griffin’s Guns — Raw Recruits: The 33rd Va. Infantry — First Battle of Manassas |
| | The Virginians were waiting, tense, here at the wood’s edge—their first time under bombardment. Shells from Ricketts’ battery exploded in the boughs overhead and plowed up the ground in front. When the two Union cannon rolled into position on top of the rise only 100 yards away, Col. A. C. Cummings gave the order to charge. Better to get the men moving, the colonel figured, before they panicked and before the Union guns could do more damage. You are about to follow in the footsteps of . . . — Map (db m895) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Church During Wartime — First Battle of Manassas |
| | People were on their way to worship—some already in the church yard—when thousands of Federal soldiers suddenly appeared marching south Sudley Road. Within minutes the sound of gunfire came from the direction of Matthews Hill. As wounded men stumbled back behind the lines, Federals turned Sudley Church into a field hospital. Harried surgeons used the altar for an operating table. — Map (db m878) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Colonel Cameron |
| | of the 79th New York Regiment was killed here on July 21, 1861. Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run) — Map (db m8231) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Colonel Fletcher Webster |
| | In memory of Colonel Fletcher Webster Who here fell August 30, 1862 while gallantly leading his regiment the 12th Mass. Volunteers This memorial was dedicated Oct. 21, 1914 by survivors of his regiment and Fletcher Webster Post, G.A.R. of Brockton, Mass. He gave his life for the principles laid down by his father Daniel Webster "Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable" This boulder was taken from the Webster place, Marshfield, Mass. — Map (db m8469) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Colonel Thomas |
| | of Johnston's staff was killed here July 21, 1861. Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run) — Map (db m8238) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Confederate Headquarters — Portici — First Battle of Manassas |
| | Fought in civilian's fields and front yards, the battle had a terrible intimacy. At this site stood the Lewis home, "Portici" (Por-TEE-cee) - a large plantation. Most Confederate regiments passed through the Lewis property during the twelve hours of First Manassas. Portici made an idea headquarters for Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. From here he had a bird's-eye view of the main roads and neighboring fields, and could shuttle reinforcements to any part of the line. After the battle Confederates used the house as a hospital. — Map (db m9757) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Confederates Rally — First Battle of Manassas |
| | This field was a scene of confusion. Shells were exploding all around. Hot, tired, shot-up during the retreat from Matthews Hill, Confederate units had fallen out of line and were milling about. They felt they'd lost the battle and maybe the war. At that moment Generals Johnston and Beauregard arrived on the field to rally the scattered regiments, and the Confederate line began to re-form. Out of the woods behind you filed fresh reinforcements - Thomas J. Jackson's Virginia infantry. There at that line of cannon Jackson stood firm. — Map (db m8206) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Counterattack — First Battle of Manassas |
| | Dead cannoneers lay in rows between their cannon, dead horses along the back slope; the Union guns were immobilized yet still a magnet for both armies. Up this slope marched the 14th Brooklyn, resplendent in Zouave uniforms. They managed to recapture Griffin’s two guns—for a few moments. From here to Ricketts’ cannon (the start of the walking tour) the fighting fell into a bloody, seesaw pattern: Confederates capturing the line or artillery, Federals driving them off, then reinforcements . . . — Map (db m896) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Death of Fletcher Webster — Second Battle of Manassas - Day Three - August 30, 1862 |
| | On the morning of the 30th, Col. Fletcher Webster wrote his wife: "If a fight comes off, it will be to-day or to-morrow & will be a most dreadful & decisive one. This may be my last letter, dear love, for I shall not spare myself..." About 5 p.m., leading his regiment to support the cannon here on Chinn Ridge, Webster was shot through the right arm and chest. He lay helpless in the confusion of the Union retreat as Confederates overran the guns. According to Ludwell Hutchinson of the 8th . . . — Map (db m9828) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Deep Cut — Porter's Attack — Second Battle of Manassas - Day Three - August 30, 1862 |
| | Before the attack, soldiers massed in the woods behind the present day road - 10,000 men under Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter. This would be the major Union attack of Second Manassas. At 3 p.m., a lieutenant in Berdan's Sharpshooters addressed his troops: "Now, men, if there are any here who think they are going to have an easy time on this skirmish, change your tune now." — Map (db m18361) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Defending the Cannon — 5th Maine Battery — Second Battle of Manassas - Day Three - August 30, 1862 |
| | Picture Longstreet's advance - gray lines of Confederates as far as you can see, driving Ohio troops from the rail fence across the field toward this position. Here four gun crews from Maine were trying to load and fire faster than they ever had in their lives. As Confederates surged into close range, the cannoneers switched from shell to canister. Like a giant shotgun, the barrage perforated the first line of assault, but reinforcements quickly filled the gaps. Confederates were soon cutting . . . — Map (db m9806) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Dunklin Monument |
| | T. L. Dunklin, of Co. E. 4th. Texas Regt. Born at Abberdeen Miss. March 25th. 1841, Fell at 2nd. Battle of Mannassas, Aug. 30th. 1862; Defending his Country. ——— — Map (db m14418) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Farm Ford — First Battle of Manassas |
| | July 21, 1861 Here, about 11:00 a.m., Col. William T. Sherman led his four regiments across Bull Run and joined the Union drive toward Henry Hill. Later that day the ford was used again, this time by the retreating Union army. — Map (db m9738) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Federal Artillery Position — Second Battle of Manassas |
| | August 29 & 30, 1862 Federal Artillery Position A succession of Union artillery batteries occupied this ridge throughout August 29 and 30, 1862. August 29 Company I, 1st Ohio Light Artillery Capt. Hubert Dilger (9-11 a.m.) 2nd Battery, New York Light Artillery Lt. Theodore Blume (11 a.m. - 1 p.m.) Company E, 2nd U.S. Artillery Lt. Samuel N. Benjamin (Noon - 3 p.m.) 1st Battery, New Hampshire Light Artillery Capt. George A. Gerrish (7 p.m., one gun captured) August 30 Company B, 1st . . . — Map (db m9855) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Federal Artillery Positions — Second Battle of Manassas |
| | August 29 and 30, 1862 Federal Artillery Positions From the John Dogan House northward to this point, Union batteries occupied this ridge throughout the Second Battle of Manassas. At one time on August 30 more than thirty guns were firing from this line. — Map (db m15919) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Field Hospital |
| | After both battles U.S. Army surgeons used the small frame house and outbuildings that stood on this property: "In about two hours, Sudley Church was completely filled and I was obliged to take possession of three other unoccupied buildings. As soon as I could get them cleaned out, wounded men were carried into them until they were also filled." -Surgeon D.L. Magruder The lean-to addition was built after 1871 and housed a post office and country store. Further additions resulted in the building's present appearance. — Map (db m9749) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Fight at the Fenceline — Second Battle of Manassas - Day Three - August 30, 1862 |
| | From the left and rear came wave after wave of Confederates. At that moment the only troops facing them were two regiments of Ohio infantry taking cover behind the rail fence. (The Ohioans knew what was coming: they had witnessed the few surviving New York Zouaves stagger out of the woods.) The Confederate columns divided around Chine House and swept toward the fence line, less than 100 yards away. Suddenly the Ohioans rose and fired. Their concentrated volley struck the front rank of the . . . — Map (db m9759) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Fighting in Twilight — The Hatch-Hood Collision — Second Battle of Manassas - Day Two - August 29, 1862 |
| | Officers said the Rebels were retreating. Hatch’s Division was ordered to pursue. Marching double-quick west on the turnpike, the Federals reached this hill just after sundown.
Suddenly the ridge erupted with fire. In the confusion—screaming horses, showers of earth and shrapnel—soldiers lined up in the wrong regiments.
In the dying light, New York troops saw movement in the dark woods to the left. Voices shouted “Don’t fire on us, boys, we are coming to help . . . — Map (db m873) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — C-34 — First Battle of Manassas |
| | Henry Hill lies just to the south. Here the Confederates repulsed the repeated attacks of the Union army under McDowell. July 21, 1861. Here Jackson won the name “Stonewall” and from here began McDowell’s retreat that ended at Washington. — Map (db m596) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — C-44 — First Battle of Manassas |
| | On the Matthews Hill, just to the north, the Confederates repulsed the attack of the Unionists, coming from the north, in the forenoon of July 21, 1861. The Union forces, reinforced, drove the Confederates to the Henry Hill, just to the south. There the latter reformed under cover of Stonewall Jackson. In the afternoon, McDowell vainly attempted to rally his retreating troops on the Matthews Hill after they had been driven down the Henry Hill. — Map (db m602) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — General Barnard Elliott Bee |
| | General Barnard Elliott Bee of South Carolina Commander, Third Brigade Army of the Shenandoah was killed here July 21, 1861 Just before his death to rally his scattered troops he gave this command “Form. form. There stands Jackson like a stone wall: Rally behind the Virginians.” Presented by The Mary Taliaferro Thompson Southern Memorial Assn. of Washington, D.C. - July 21, 1939. (Rear of Monument): Lucy Steele Clay Chairman Alice Boswell Morrison Julia Neason Streater . . . — Map (db m540) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — George T. Stovall |
| | This marble marks the spot where fell George T. Stovall of the Rome Light Guards, 8th Regt. Georgia Volunteers in the battle of July 21, 1861. Born at Augusta, GA, April 25, 1835.
His life he devoted to his God and sacrificed in his country's defence.
His last words were I am going to heaven. — Map (db m1996) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Groveton – Second Battle of Bull Run |
| | August 30, 1862. Confederates under Generals Lee, Jackson and Longstreet defeated Federals under General Pope. General Longstreet dined at Old Dogan House. Fierce fight of R.R. cut half mile northwest. — Map (db m871) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Henry Hill Walking Tour — Retracing the Battle — First Battle of Manassas |
| | On the tour route you follow in the footsteps of charging Union and Confederate troops, and stand where they loaded cannon or braced for a bayonet assault. Terrain and tree lines have changed little since that day. As you walk imagine deafening cannon and musket fire, whizzing shell fragments, and smoke rolling like acrid fog across the slope. Some of the bloodiest fighting occurred at Ricketts' artillery, twenty yards ahead. — Map (db m8270) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — G-15 — Henry House |
| | These are the grounds of the Henry House, where occurred the main action of the First Battle of Manassas, July 21, 1861, and the closing scene of the Second Battle of Manassas, August 30, 1862. — Map (db m600) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Historic Farm Road Trace — First Battle of Manassas |
| | Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson's First Virginia Brigade, plus artillery, marched from Confederate headquarters at the Lewis House ("Portici") along this wagon path to Henry Hill, arriving here about noon. — Map (db m8299) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Historic Landscape Restoration |
| | In 1997 the National Park Service and the Smithsonian Institution began to develop a proposal at Manassas National Battlefield Park to mitigate the loss of wetlands resulting from the construction of the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, a National Air and Space Museum facility at Washington Dulles International Airport. The two agencies selected a heavily disturbed area here near Stuart's Hill, the site of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's headquarters during the Second Battle of Manassas in August . . . — Map (db m8374) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Honoring the Dead — First Battle of Manassas |
| | Union Soldiers built Henry Hill Monument to commemorate those who died at First Bull Run (Masassas). For many Civil War veterans this had been their first battle. Intense memories drew both Union and Confederate soldiers back to this scene years after the war. — Map (db m592) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Invaded Farmland — First Battle of Manassas |
| | The morning of the battle was hot and still. Except for a few details the scene mirrored today's pastoral landscape. Fields lay fallow, overgrown with tall grass. Around the Henry House grew rose bushes and a small peach orchard. Eighty-five-year-old Judith Henry was inside, bedridden, too old to work the farm that had been in her family for more than a century. At ten o’clock Confederate cannon suddenly rumbled into position on the rise 100 yards ahead. There artillerists turned their guns towards Matthews Hill. — Map (db m879) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Jackson’s Route |
| | In 1861, small farms surrounded Bull Run. Small roads were the main transportation routes to the Warrenton Turnpike (Route 29), Sudley Road (Route 234) and the Manassas Gap Railroad. The entrance road here follows a section of a 19th-century farm lane that connected the Weir family’s Liberia Plantation and the Lewis family’s Portici Plantation. It was on this road that General Thomas J. Jackson led his First Virginia Brigade to the Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run) on July 21, 1861. The . . . — Map (db m2479) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — G-16 — James Robinson House |
| | To the south stood the farmhouse of James Robinson, a former slave freed by Landon Carter. There, during the First Battle of Manassas on 21 July 1961, Col. Wade Hampton’s Legion covered the Confederates falling back to Henry Hill, where Jackson stood “like a stone wall.” The house survived that battle, and during the Second Battle of Manassas in August 1862 served the Union troops as a field hospital. Congress later authorized compensation to Robinson for property damages. The . . . — Map (db m6590) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Kemper's Brigade — Second Battle of Manassas |
| | August 30, 1862 5:15 p.m. Kemper's Division, Right Wing (Longstreet) Army of Northern Virginia, CSA Kemper's Brigade Col. Montgomery D. Corse 1st Virginia - 11th Virginia 7th Virginia - 17th Virginia 24th Virginia "We neared the Chinn House, when suddenly a long line of the enemy rose from behind an old fence and poured straight into our breasts a withering volley. It struck the long line like an electric shock, but the officers surged ahead cheering on the men. It was a decisive . . . — Map (db m9782) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Kemper's Brigade — Second Battle of Manassas |
| | August 30, 1862 5:30 p.m. Kemper's Division, Right Wing (Longstreet) Army of Northern Virginia, CSA Kemper's Brigade Col. Montgomery D. Corse 1st Virginia - 11th Virginia 7th Virginia - 17th Virginia 24th Virginia "Above us, on a gentle rise, was a battery - the guns hidden from view by a dense curtain of smoke. Nothing could be seen but the flash of the guns. 'Form into line men! Forward! Charge that battery!' The veil of smoke slowly lifted, and we could see the muzzles of the guns. . . . — Map (db m9794) |
| Virginia (Prince William County), Manassas — Lieutenant Ramsey |
| | of Ricketts' Battery was killed here July 21, 1861. Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run) — Map (db m8234) |
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