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Tuolumne County Markers
California (Tuolumne County), Big Oak Flat — 406 — Big Oak Flat — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
First called Savage Diggins after the man who discovered gold here, 1848. Renamed Big Oak Flat about 1850 after giant oak tree that stood in the center of town, near this spot. Oak, which was about 13 feet in diameter and was undermined in 1869 and burned in 1890. Pieces remain. Rich placer and lode mines are reported to have yielded $28,000,000 during heyday. Stone buildings erected 1852. Still standing in 1949. — Map (db m11022)
California (Tuolumne County), Big Oak Flat — Joseph E. Lemos1892 – 1961
Initiated Ione Lodge 51 & Ione Rebeka Lodge 270 – 1931 Transferred Yosemite Lodge 97 – 1941 Big Oak Rebeka Lodge 259 – 1947 District Deputy Grand Master 1943 & 1958 District Deputy Grand Marshall 1948 & 1953 Appointed Grand Herald of Grand Lodge 1947 Appointed to Grand Lodge Youth Committee 1941 & 1961 Past Chief Patriarch Amador Emcampment No.17 Transferred Bald Mountain Encampment No.4 Sonora -1944 Captain (R) Sacramento Canton No.1 Instituted Yosemite . . . — Map (db m14265)
California (Tuolumne County), Chinese Camp — 423 — Chinese Camp — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Reportedly founded about 1849 by group of Englishmen who employed Chinese as miners. Much surface gold found on hills and flats. Headquarters for stage lines in early 1850’s, and for several California Chinese mining companies. First Chinese tong war in state fought near here between Sam Yap and Yan Woo tongs. Present stone and brick post office built 1854, still standing. St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church build 1855, restored 1949. First pastor, Father Henry Aleric. Historical Landmark . . . — Map (db m906)
California (Tuolumne County), Chinese Camp — Don Pedro Lake
Created by Don Pedro Dam on the Tuolumne River near LaGrange. This project was completed in 1971 to provide irrigation, domestic water, flood control, electricity, recreation and fish enhancement. Constructed by City and County of San Francisco Hetch Hetchy Water and Power, Turlock Irrigation District, Modesto Irrigation District, Federal Power Commission, License Number 2299. Financial assistance by U.S. Corp of Engineers and California Department of Water Resources under the Davis-Crumsky . . . — Map (db m13199)
California (Tuolumne County), Chinese Camp — 419 — Jacksonville
Near this site, now inundated by the waters of Don Pedro Reservoir, stood the historic town of Jacksonville. It was settled by Julian Smart who planted the first garden and orchard in the spring of 1849. Named for Colonel A. M. Jackson. In 1850 it was the principal river town in the area. It was the gathering center for thousands of miners working the rich bed of the Tuolumne River. — Map (db m5784)
California (Tuolumne County), Chinese Camp — Montezuma
First record of Montezuma was June 1850 when partners Solomon Miller and Peter K. Aurand, proprietors of the 'Montezuma Tent,' were attacked and Aurand killed by a group of Mexicans during the foreign miners tax excitement of that period. Due to the lack of water, little mining occurred here until 1852 when a ditch and flume were completed bringing water for placer mining. Two types of mining were carried on, placer operations on the flats and tunnels extending under Table Mountain. The gravel . . . — Map (db m12991)
California (Tuolumne County), Chinese Camp — To Honor Eddie Webb
Born December 17, 1880, in Snelling, Calif. One of the last of the stage drivers, Eddie made the haul from Chinese to the Coulterville, Groveland areas between 1898-1902 and drove the first mail stage over the "new" Shawmut Road. Dedicated By Matuca Chapter, No. 1849 E Clampus Vitus May 6, 1961 — Map (db m907)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — Charles Crist Kress
Charles Crist Kress died Oct. 10, 1913. Age 84, Native of Alsage-Lorraine. He spoke five languages , a veteran of the Crimean War, married in New York, came around the Horn to San Francisco. He owned a baker shop on Kearny St. In 1863 he bought 160 acres near Columbia for $75. He baked, mined, ranched and served as court interpreter to provide for his six children, Bill, Emma, Ed, Lula, Louis, and Felicia. He was honest, industrious, dependable. Anna his wife died in 1883. The last to go was Louis in 1954, age 84. All Rest here. — Map (db m12988)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — 123 — Columbia
Columbia, the “gem of the southern mines,” became a town of 4000 to 5000 in the 1850s, following the discovery of gold here by the Hildreth party March 27, 1850. Gold shipments, estimated at $87,000,000, declined rapidly after 1858 but Columbia never became a ‘ghost town.’ Columbia State Historic State Park was created in 1945 to preserve its historic buildings and sites. — Map (db m2482)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — Columbia CemeteryFounded 1855
Prior to the mining in Columbia, the cemetery was located northwest of main street. In 1855 it was moved here, joining the existing Masonic and I.O.O.F. cemeteries. Ordinance #14, passed and approved on July 1, 1857, declared this ground to be a cemetery. Dedicated by Golden Era Parlor #99 – Columbia, Native Daughters of the Golden West. 24, April 1989. — Map (db m8565)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — Columbia Masonic Cemetery
This Masonic Cemetery has been in continuous use since 1853. Many Masons buried here were gold miners and soldiers. Wives and children of Masons are also interred here. Some are known only to God. "Soft and safe to thee, my brother, by thy resting place” — Map (db m12990)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — Columbia Masonic Temple
Erected 1855 Razed 1891 Restored 1949 by the Grand Lodge F.&A.M. of California — Map (db m12019)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — Columbia School House
In early 1860 the school lot was purchased, building plans selected, and the cornerstone laid. By fall the building was completed by a Mr. Donegan at a total cost of $4898. Dedication ceremonies were held, as was a grand calico party to raise money for a school bell. The school was renovated in 1872 and again in 1881. The school was closed in 1937 as it did not meet earthquake safety standards. In 1947 the State purchased the site from the Columbia Historic Park Association for $1.00. The old . . . — Map (db m8562)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — James Wood Coffroth
Here on November 29, 1858, was held the celebration in honor of the completion of the Columbia and Stanislaus River Water Company's ditch, which brought water from the north fork of the Stanislaus River to Columbia. James Wood Coffroth, attorney, journalist, legislator, and orator, and widely known as "Tuolumne's Favorite Son," was the speaker of the day. Plaque placed by the California Historical Society in cooperation with the California State Park Commission, 1955. — Map (db m25649)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — 138 — Mark Twain Cabin — 1 Mile
Replica, with original chimney and fireplace. Here on Jackass Hill, young Mark Twain, while guest of Gillis Brothers, 1864-65, gathered material for "Jumping Frog of Calaveras", which first brought him fame, and for "Roughing It". — Map (db m6844)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — 138 — Mark Twain Cabin — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Stopping place of packers carrying supplies to miners. Often 200 jackasses on hill over night furnishing concert suggesting name “Jackass Hill”. Very coarse gold found here. $10,000 taken from 100 square feed of ground. Quartz found containing 3/4 of total weight in gold. Mark Twain, Steve, Jim and Bill Gilis and Dick Stoker, the “Dick Baker” in “Roughing it”, were cronies. Mark wrote here “Jumping Frog of Calaveras” from notes made at Angels Camp Tavern. — Map (db m6861)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — Mormon Battalion Monument
While they were crossing the plains with their families, five hundred Mormon men were inducted into the United States Army in July, 1846 to aid in the war against Mexico in California. The Mormon Battalion marched 2,000 miles from Council Bluffs, Iowa to San Diego, California – the longest infantry march in U. S. history. After they were discharged in 1847, some proceeded to what became known as Mormon Gulch, now Tuttletown. The Battalion panned for gold in Mormon Creek, often using . . . — Map (db m6842)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — 438 — Parrott’s Ferry — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Site of ferry crossing established 1860 by Thomas H. Parrott connecting mining towns of Tuttletown and Vallecito. Ferry in operation until 1903 when first bridge built. Ferry boat of flat bottom wooden construction propelled on heavy cables. Cable anchorage in large boulder Calaveras side of river still visible (1949) at low water, sandbag dam built to form small lake. — Map (db m6839)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — Prosper Rocher Brewery
In 1856 Prosper Rocher constructed Columbia's second brewery located one-half mile east of town on the north side of Yankee Hill Road. Rocher, a French physician, was first partners with Anton Bixel in the Columbia Brewery on Italian Bar Road. Rocher's brewery business failed and by 1861 the brick building was dismantled, leaving only the basement depression and stone foundation visible today. Dedicated by Matuca Chapter 1849 E Clampus Vitus September 11, 1993 (5998) Credo Quia Absurdum — Map (db m8590)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — 424 — Sawmill Flat — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Name derived from two sawmills erected here to supply mining timbers early 1850’s. Population at one time 1000. Rich in pocket gold in heyday. Mining camp of Mexican woman, Doña Elisa Martinez, at north end of flat, reported to have been hideout of famous bandit, Joaquin Murieta. Site of story, “The Battle of Sawmill Flat.” — Map (db m6809)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — 432 — Springfield — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Springfield received name from abundant springs gushing from limestone boulders. Town with its stores, shops and hotel, built around plaza. Once boasted 2,000 inhabitants. Believed founded by Donna Josefa Valmesada, Mexican woman of means with reputation for aiding Americans in War with Mexico. During heyday, 150 miners carts could be seen on road, hauling gold-bearing dirt to Springfield springs for washing. — Map (db m6810)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — To Honor the Chinese Pioneers
This marks the burial site of Columbia’s early Chinese miners and merchants, in keeping with their traditions. The remains have been disinterred and returned to their homeland. — Map (db m12986)
California (Tuolumne County), Columbia — 124 — Tuttletown — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Early day stopping place for men and mounts. Named for Judge Anson A. H. Tuttle who built first log cabin here in 1848. Stones used in this base from old Swerer Store built in 1854, remains of which still exist, 1949. Mark Twain traded here. Tuttletown Hotel, built in 1852 and still standing in 1949, was last operated by John Edwards. — Map (db m6843)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — 446 — GrovelandMark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Formerly called “First Garrote” traced to hanging of Mexican for stealing horse. Adobe buildings still standing (1949) built in 1849 as shown by dated adobe brick taken from partition. Gold discovered here 1849. Thousands in placer gold taken from mines on Garrote Creek, Big Creek and other diggings. Deer Flat, Noisy Flat and The Rancheria well known nearby places in heyday. — Map (db m14698)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — Hetch Hetchy Railroad
Masterminding the Hetch Hetchy Water and Power Project was the brilliant chief engineer Michael Maurice O’Shaughnessy. One of his first priorities was to build a reliable and high-capacity standard gauge railway that could traverse the rugged terrain even during winter snows. This 68 mile-long railroad carried timber, concrete and other supplies, along with work crews and visitors, to and from the dam construction site. The railroad’s round-the-clock schedule during all four seasons . . . — Map (db m1944)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and O’Shaughnessy Dam
The great 1906 San Francisco earthquake destroyed key portions of the City of San Francisco’s water system. The three days of unquenchable fires that followed the quake claimed more than four square miles of land, thousands of buildings and an untold number of lives. The devastation spurred City leaders to pursue a more reliable source of water for the future. After intense national debate about building a reservoir and dam in a national park, Congress passed the Raker Act in 1913, . . . — Map (db m1940)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — In Memory of David Erickson
A U.S. Forest Service crew leader from Siskiyou County, Calif. lost his life while fighting the Stanislaus Complex Fire which destroyed 147,000 acres. For the love of the forest he gave the ultimate sacrifice September 11, 1987. Sit and rest awhile • listen to the pines whisper in the light wind • gaze at the trees and look upward where branches reach the sky • where clouds pass by and day turns to night • where memories are everlasting. — Map (db m905)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — O’Shaughnessy Dam
(Tablet 1) O’Shaughnessy Dam 1915–1922 City and County of San Francisco. James Rolph Jr. Mayor • Foundation Elev. 3388 • Bottom Valves Elev. 3508 • Initial Crest Elev. 3726 • Length of Crest 600 • Storage Cap’y Gals. 66,000,000,000 • Drainage Area Acres 294,000 • Reservoir Area Acres 1590 • Concrete Volume Cu. Yds. 390,000 M.M. O’Shaugnessy, Engineer Utah Construction Co. Contr’s. (Tablet 2) Structure Completed 1938 • Height . . . — Map (db m1920)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — Producing Clean Renewable Energy
Every year the Hetch Hetchy Water and Power System produces 1.7 billion kilowatt-hours of clean renewable hydropower - equivalent to the power generated from burning 39 million gallons of oil. Early Intake Powerhouse was built in 1918, twelve miles downstream from O’Shaughnessy Dam. It supplied power for the tools and equipment used in building the dam. It also powered lighting for nighttime construction - a visionary innovation at the time. Moccasin Powerhouse was built in 1925; Holm . . . — Map (db m1941)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — 460 — Second Garrote — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Sizable settlement established at this rich placer location in 1849 by miners spreading east from Big Oak Flat and Groveland. Famous Hangman's Tree, part of which still stands (1950), reported to have been instrumental in death of a number of law-breakers during heyday of this locality, hence its name. — Map (db m10212)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — Trails and Waterfalls
Within this 459-square-mile Hetch Hetchy watershed are 287 miles of trails, including a portion of the Pacific Crest Trail. They offer views of an abundance of flora and fauna, along with breathtaking scenery. Upstream from the dam to your left, depending on the season, you can see the Tueeulala and Wapama falls which plunge more than 1,000 feet from the top of the cliffs into Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. They are fullest from late spring to early or mid summer. Tueeulala, which dries to a . . . — Map (db m1943)
California (Tuolumne County), Groveland — Water Quality at Hetch Hetchy
The Tuolumne River supplies 85% of the water for 2.4 million people. It originates from pristine spring snowmelt as far upstream as Mt. Lyell at an elevation of 13,114 feet. The City and County of San Francisco protects the resources entrusted to its care by continuously monitoring this watershed and working with the park to minimize pollution. Natural occurrences such as fire and erosion can affect water quality. More than 1,000 water samples are taken annually to protect the water . . . — Map (db m1942)
California (Tuolumne County), Jamestown — 431 — Mark Twain Bret Harte TrailJamestown (Also Called Jimtown)
Known as gateway of Mother Lode and to southern mines, gold first discovered in Tuolumne County west of this point at Woods Creek by James Woods shortly before town was founded by Col. George James, August 8, 1848. Large quantities of gold recovered from streambeds and gulches during “Gold Rush.” Surrounded by famous mines from which millions were extracted in later years. First mercantile business in Southern mines said to have been in Butterfield Building, built in 1850, still standing (1948). — Map (db m2304)
California (Tuolumne County), Jamestown — Woods Crossing — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Tuolumne County history begins here. Early in 1848 a party of Philadelphia prospectors under the leadership of James Woods discovered gold 500 feet south east of this marker, where the old road crosses the creek now bearing Woods’ name. James Savage, J.H. Rider, and Searles Bassett, the lawyer prominent in the early history of Columbia, were members of the party. This marker is located directly on the famous Mother Lode, the greatest gold-bearing vein in the world. — Map (db m5782)
California (Tuolumne County), Kennedy Meadows — Sonora Mono Toll Road
Oldest of the Trans-Sierra Emigrant Trails to California is spectacular Sonora Pass crossed by Highway 108, second highest (9,626 feet) of all the highway crossings of the range. The Bartleson-Bidwell Party, with mules, horses and oxen, made the first crossing on October 18, 1841. This route was not attempted by wagons until 1852. “Grizzly” Adams took the trail over Sonora Pass in April, 1854, and reported “on all sides lay old axel trees and wheels ….melancholy evidence of . . . — Map (db m12481)
California (Tuolumne County), Kennedy Meadows — Sonora PassElevation 9,628 — Historical Landmark
The idea of a wagon road through this pass connecting Tuolumne County with mining towns of Mono County was first called to attention by Andrew Fletcher in 1862. The original trail through Sonora Pass was opened for pack animals in September 1862. The trail passed over this divide, departed from the route of the present highway, one mile west, climbed northwesterly through St. Mary’s pass. Elev. 10, 040 ft. Then down the canyon of the Clark Fork of the Stanislaus River. Then in 1863 the route . . . — Map (db m12480)
California (Tuolumne County), Sonora — Bonanza MineKing of the Pocket Mines
Discovered 1851, by Chileans, they took out a substantial amount of free gold. Early 1870's acquired by James Divoll, Charles Clark, and Joseph Bray, sinking a shaft 1500 ft. in 1877. Big strike came in 1879, 990 lbs. of gold was removed in one week, valued over $300,000. The mine yielded fortunes to Alonzo Colby, Edward Kiel, Albert Johnson, J.B. Harriman, and David R. Oliver, "All of Sonora". No true record of the yield, but it ran into the millions. — Map (db m7565)
California (Tuolumne County), Sonora — Emigrant Trail Terminus
Sonora was the goal of many emigrants traveling the various overland and sea routes. The 1852 Clark-Skidmore Party of emigrants from Elizabethtown, Ohio and Lawrenceburg, Indiana struggled to force a wagon train up the Walker River and over the 10,000 ft. pass east of Sonora. In 1853, more than 2,000 emigrants with 20,000 cattle followed, creating a new emigrant road to Sonora. Difficult for wagon travel, the Walker River and Sonora wagon route was soon abandoned. The Emigrant Wilderness . . . — Map (db m7566)
California (Tuolumne County), Sonora — 6007 — Rother's Corner
The corner property was originally called Patrick’s Corner, after George Washington Patrick, an early settler of Sonora and one of its first mayors. At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Patrick left Sonora to volunteer his services to the Confederate Army. Although he was refused a commission and did not serve in the army, he remained in the south until his death in 1886. William Rother, Sr., acquired the property in 1870 at a sheriff’s sale. Rother was born in Germany in 1809, later . . . — Map (db m6968)
California (Tuolumne County), Sonora — 395 — Shaw’s Flat — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
In 1850 this community was alive with gold miners. James D. Fair, after whom the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco is named, was one of the most notable. The Mississippi House, built in 1850, contains many relics including the original bar and postoffice with its grill and mail boxes. On a nearby hill stands the old bell given by miners which summoned men to work and announced the governing of various courts. According to tradition, a local bartender added to his income by panning gold dust dropped on his muddy boots while serving customers. — Map (db m6811)
California (Tuolumne County), Soulsbyville — 420 — Soulsbyville — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
The first community in Tuolumne County to be founded (1855) entirely upon the operation of a lode mine. Site of the famous Soulsby Mine (discovered by Benjamine Soulsby) which produced over $6,500,00 by 1900. The first hardrock miners who worked mine were from Cornwall, England. First group of 499 arriving in 1858. — Map (db m6951)
California (Tuolumne County), Soulsbyville — Soulsbyville
Ben Soulsby first settled here in 1851. His son, young Ben, when age 12, discovered the first gold in the area by accident. One evening, while walking the family cow home, he saw some gold, told his father who, upon investigation, found a rich vein of ore near the surface of the ground. Young Ben was much excited and wanted to stake a claim at once. However since he was too young his father took it up for him. The mine was called the Soulsby Mine. People settled here making a large camp . . . — Map (db m6952)
California (Tuolumne County), Standard — 6003 — Standard Township
Starting as a Mi-Wuk village, Standard was ranchland during the gold rush era, when the murderous Jim Lyons lived here. In 1909 Xavier Fassler sold his 567-acre dairy ranch to Standard Lumber Co. By the 1920’s the town had been sold to Pickering Lumber Company and Standard was a typical “company town” all homes, stores, the hospital, etc. were owned by Pickering and the workers were paid in Pickering script. Mexican workers lived in a section labeled “Little Tiajuana”. . . . — Map (db m7197)
California (Tuolumne County), Sugarpine — 422 — Sonora Pass – Mono Road — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Toll gate, fine hotel and stables near this spot 1850's. Jedediah Smith reputed to have been first white man to cross over or near Sonora Pass, 1827. Portion of road built by Tuolumne County Water Co., 1852. Surveyed to Bridgeport, Mono County, 1860. Completed 1864 when six horse team took three weeks for round trip, Sonora to Bridgeport. — Map (db m6884)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — Blue Star Memorial By-Way
A tribute to the Armed Forces of America. — Map (db m6813)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — 445 — Cherokee — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
First placer camp in East Belt section of Mother Lode. Gold discovered here in 1853 by Scott brothers, descendants of Cherokee Indians. Scars of placer “diggings” in every little arroyo in Cherokee Valley healed over by Mother Nature later replaced by quartz mines. Present day productive farms in this area were once rich placer grounds. — Map (db m6819)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — Hose Cart House
This hose cart house restored March 1974, by Tuolumne Hose Co. No. 1, in memory of those who fought fire and originated the first volunteer fire dept. in the townsite of Summerville in 1885. — Map (db m6814)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — 5997 — Ralph’s Station
Land homesteaded by Isaac Taylor Holland and the adjoining Campbell property was sold to Jonathan Florentine Ralph, who later divided and gave the parcels to his son's Galo, Walter, and Frank. An apple packing house, served by the Sierra Railroad Co., was built by Frank. For over 35 years the son's grew apples & pears which were shipped and sold on the New York market. Ralph's Station was the starting point of the historic Sugar Pine Railroad. Incorporated Feb. 25, 1903, which served the massive lumbering industry. — Map (db m6710)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — 6012 — The Joseph Lord House
Joseph Lord was a significant pioneer of the community. A naturalized Englishman, he was born about 1837 and died before 1906. The house was built around 1875 in the Italianate style. It is the oldest surviving house in the Tuolumne community. Miraculously, the house escaped the Summersville fires of 1903 and 1905. Woody Carter, son of W. HO. Carter (another significant pioneer of the community) also lived in the house. In the barn across the street, he sold fresh milk to the townspeople. The . . . — Map (db m6816)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — 407 — Tuolumne (formerly called Summersville) — Mark Twain Bret Harte Trail
Geographical center of East Belt Placer Gold Rush, 1856-57. First white settlers, the Franklin Summers family, arrived in 1854 and built log cabin half mile west. James Blakely, in 1858, discovered first quartz lode, half mile east, naming it "Eureka", which mine became nucleus of town of "Summersville", later called "Carters'" and finally, "Tuolumne". Other mining towns lively in gold rush days were Long Gulch, two miles south, and Cherokee, two miles north. — Map (db m6711)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — West Side Memorial Park
Dedicated to the memory of the men and women of West Side Lumber Company who served this community so faithfully over the many years. 1898-1958. — Map (db m6712)
California (Tuolumne County), Tuolumne — Westside Flume & Lumber Company1889 - 1962
May 31, 1889 Henry J. Crocker, Wellington Gregg, Thomas Bullock and Charles Gardner formed the Westside Flume and Lumber Company, for a total cost of 361,000.00 dollars. The mill was built, and by the end of the year was in operation, and by 1900 was producing 18,000 board feet of lumber per day. In 1925 Westside was sold to Pickering Lumber Co. and after the Depression in 1934 Westside was back in control and continued to operate until April 19, 1962 when a strike and a devastating fire shut the mill down for the last time. — Map (db m7560)
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