| Georgia (Walker County), Chickamauga — Crawfish Spring — A "Magnificent" Respite from Carnage |
| | Crawfish Spring was the first name given to the modern community Chickamauga, Georgia. Cherokees lived in this area before their forced removal in 1838, with their Chickamauga District courthouse located near the spring. In the 1840s an early white settler, James Gordon used enslaved African craftsmen to build an imposing two-story brick plantation house west of the spring, located today just across this highway. James Gordon's son, Clark stood on a large rock between the spring and the house . . . — Map (db m12314) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Chickamauga — Field Headquarters 21st Army Corps |
| | Maj. Gen. Thomas L Crittenden,
Daylight, Sept. 19, 1863. — Map (db m13209) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Chickamauga — 146-15 — Lee and Gordon's Mill |
| | Lee and Gordon's Mill was built by James Gordon shortly after he came to this region from Gwinnett County in 1836. He rebuilt the grist mill in 1857, adding a saw mill and the first general store in this section. At the outbreak of the War Between the States the mill was being operated by James Morgan Lee, who had married Gordon's daughter, Elizabeth Mahala. Union forces seized the mill in 1863, taking Lee prisoner and forcing him to operate the mill to supply Union troops. Later the mill . . . — Map (db m13189) |
| Georgia (Walker County), La Fayette — Catlett’s Gap — Chickamauga Campaign Heritage Trail |
| | Pigeon Mountain is a rugged spur of Lookout Mountain, extending in a northeasterly direction into Walker County. The space between it and Lookout Mountain is McLemore’s Cove. During the war, wagon roads passed from east to west through the mountains in a series of natural gaps. These gaps, located from north to south, were called Worthens’ Gap, Catlett’s Gap, Dug Gap, and Blue Bird Gap. During the Confederate withdrawal from Chattanooga, it became apparent that Pigeon Mountain would have . . . — Map (db m11985) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — African American Pioneers of the Marsh-Warthen-Clements House |
| | The Marsh-Warthen-Clements House was hand built by enslaved African Americans in an African cultural style known as the "Shot Gun." Slaves traveled with Marsh from North Carolina and Covington, Georgia to LaFayette. African Americans served in the Marsh House, circa 1836 to the 1990s. In 1850, Marsh owned 12 slaves. In 1860, he owned eight slaves that lived in two slave houses. One of Marsh's beloved slaves was Wiley Marsh, a mulatto born circa 1834-1835. Wiley Marsh became a skilled carpenter, . . . — Map (db m13169) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — Chattooga Academy — 1836 |
| | National Register of Historic Places — Map (db m14380) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-1 — Fort Cumming |
| | Here stood a Cherokee Indian stockade with blockhouse on hill, built by U.S. Government in 1836.
Capt. Samuel Fariss and a company of Georgia volunteers guarded Cherokee Indians here before their removal to the west.
This fort was presumably named for Rev. David B. Cumming, Methodist minister and missionary to the Cherokees. — Map (db m12907) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-11 — General LaFayette |
| | Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier Marquis de LaFayette (1757-1834) was born in the Castle of Chavagnac, in Auvergne, France. He entered the French Army early in life and in 1777 came to America and volunteered for service in the Revolutionary Army,
Congress made him a Major General. He became a close friend of General George Washington, was wounded at Brandywine, suffered a winter at Valley Forge and
distinguished himself in the Yorktown campaign.
In 1824 he revisited America, . . . — Map (db m13898) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — Headquarters Army of Tennessee |
| | Gen. Braxton Bragg, Comd'g. in this city Sept. 10th to 17th 1863. — Map (db m13176) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-2 — John B. Gordon Hall |
| | This old academy, built in 1836, was in the line of fire during the Battle of Lafayette in the War Between the States. General Braxton Bragg (CS) who had his headquarters in LaFayette, planned the Battle of Chickamauga under an old oak tree that stood in front of this building and was known as "Bragg's Oak." The tree was destroyed by lightning a few years ago. The LaFayette Chapters of the D.A.R. and U.D.C. purchased this historic building to preserve it. It was renamed John B. Gordon Hall for Gen. Gordon (CS) former pupil in the academy. — Map (db m13175) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — Marsh-Warthen House — c. 1836 |
| | The Marsh-Warthen House, circa 1836, was built by Spencer Stewart Marsh, a prominent and influential merchant and statesman who donated land for John
B. Gordon Hall. Marsh, with two other businessmen, founded Trion Factory, a major cotton mill. In 1863 the Marshes sought refuge in Cassville and
returned after the war to find blood stained floors and hoof marks from`Federal Cavalry horses in the hallway. After remaining in the Marsh family for
only 150 years, the house was owned by the . . . — Map (db m13173) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-7 — Ship's Gap |
| | May 7, 1864. Col. J.W. Sprague's (2nd) brigade, Veatch's (4th) Div., 16th A.C., having camped with the corps on the little Chickamauga (near Catlett 4 mi. N.), pushed forward in a surprise move and seized this gap in Taylor's Ridge at 9p.m. This enabled Dodge & the 16th A.C. (McPherson's Army of the Tenn. [US]) to march E., unopposed, to Villanow & Snake Creek Gap, May 8. The 15th Corps (same army) crossed at Gordon Springs Gap, 4miles N.E.. McPherson's move to Snake Creek Gap outflanked the . . . — Map (db m13897) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-13 — The Army of Tennessee |
| | Late in August, 1863, the Army of the Cumberland (US), Maj. Gen. Wm. B. Rosecrans, USA, crossed the Tennessee River near Bridgeport and threatened Chattanooga. On Sept. 7th, learning that Rosecrans was moving toward his rear in the direction of Rome (42 miles S), Gen. Braxton Bragg, CSA, withdrew his Army of Tennessee (CS) from Chattanooga to this vicinity, with headquarters in LaFayette, to meet the Union advance when it crossed Lookout Mountain.
Deciding that Bragg was retreating via . . . — Map (db m13171) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-16 — The Battle of LaFayette |
| | On June 18, 1864, during Gen. Sherman's campaign for Atlanta, Col. Louis D. Watkins, commanding the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (US), occupied LaFayette with about 450 men of the 4th, 6th and 7th Kentucky cavalry regiments (US) "to endeavor to rid the country of several guerilla bands." His headquarters were in the Court House, then in the center of the square, and his men were quartered in adjacent buildings.
On June 24th, about 3 A.M. he was attacked by Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, . . . — Map (db m13177) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-9 — Villanow |
| | Ante-bellum cross-roads settlement; name taken from Jane Porter's novel: 'Thaddeus of Warsaw.' May 7, 1864, Kilpatrick's Cav., having crossed Taylor's Ridge at Nickajack Gap, moved to Gordon's Springs where it was joined by Ireland's brigade (Geary's Div., 20th A.C.). May 8, these troops moved to Villanow to meet & support McPherson's forces (US) moving E. from Ship's & Gordon Springs Gaps in Taylor's Ridge.
McPherson's troops reached Villanow at noon & continued E. to Snake Creek Gap - a . . . — Map (db m13911) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-3 — Walker County |
| | Created December 18, 1833, and named for Major Freeman Walker of Augusta, prominent attorney and United States Senator. Here the fierce Chickamaugas preyed upon pioneers, and were in turn defeated and driven away; here Federals and Confederates locked in combat in 1863. Lookout Mountain and its spur Pigeon Mountain on the West, Taylor's and Dick's Ridges on the east of the county provide spectacular scenery. Rich coal and iron deposits abound; between the mountains lie fertile valleys. — Map (db m13168) |
| Georgia (Walker County), LaFayette — 146-8 — West Armuchee Valley |
| | Southward for several miles is the pleasant little valley of W. Armuchee Creek; Dick Ridge on the E.; Taylor's Ridge on the W. Situated 3 mi. S. are Old Shiloh Ch. & the Wm. Little res. - where Maj. Gen. John B. Hood was taken from the field of Chickamauga to recover from a leg amputation. Sept. - Oct., 1863. May 8, 1864. Maj. Gen. Grenville Dodge & the 16th A.C. marched E. on this road from Ship's Gap - being joined enroute near Villanow by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan's 15th A.C. These were Army . . . — Map (db m13908) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Pond Spring — Gowan’s (Gower’s) Ford And Widow Glenn’s Grave — Chickamauga Campaign Heritage Trail |
| | In mid-September 1863, General John M. Palmer’s division of the 21st Army Corps was assigned to the duty of guarding the fords on West Chickamauga Creek. A primary Federal objective was keeping the Confederates on the east side of the creek while the federal army moved up to position. Two of the most important of these crossing places were Owen’s and Gower’s Fords. “On September 15, [I] started at daylight for Chickamauga Valley,” General Palmer reported. “Marched by way of . . . — Map (db m11986) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Rock Spring — 146-4 — Old Tavern Road |
| | May 7, 1864. McPherson's Army of the Tennessee (US)(15th & 16th A.C.), having marched by Lee & Gordon's Mill turned S.E. at this point & via Rock Springs Ch. on the old Tavern Road (State Highway 95), marched to its intersection with State Highway 151 & camped there that night. McPherson's objective was to outflank Johnston's forces (CS) at Dalton by seizing Snake Cr. Gap. As originally planned, this flanking march was to have been from Guntersville, Ala. via Rome and Kingston, but failing to . . . — Map (db m13253) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Rock Spring — Peavine Church — Chickamauga Campaign Heritage Trail |
| | The majority of the people who came into the area to establish Walker County were deeply religious. Soon after establishing their farms, the residents of most areas usually built a church that also served as a community and social center for the surrounding area. One such church was the Peavine Church located on Peavine Creek. During the war this facility consisted of a small frame church building with an adjacent cemetery.
During the years before the war a large farming community grew up . . . — Map (db m13238) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Rossville — 146-12 — John Ross Home |
| | This comfortable two-story log house was the home of Cherokee Chief John Ross from boyhood until he went west over the "Trail of Tears," losing his Indian wife enroute. Although only one-eighth Indian himself, Ross was the elected "Principal Chief" of the Cherokee Nation for 40 years and their advocate for justice for 57 years. He voluntarily chose exile with his people. In the war of 1812, Ross served with a regiment of Cherokees under Gen. Andrew Jackson against the Creek allies of the . . . — Map (db m12673) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Rossville — 146-14 — Old Federal Road |
| | The first vehicular and postal route of Georgia to Rossville was the Federal Road across the Cherokee Nation. Beginning on the southeast Indian boundary in the direction of Athens, Georgia, the thoroughfare led this way toward Nashville via Tate, Jasper, Talking Rock and Spring Place.
Formal permission by the Cherokees to open the road was granted in the 1805 Treaty of Tellico, Tennessee. Prior to that time the trace served as an Indian trading path to Augusta.
The earliest post office in . . . — Map (db m12676) |
| Georgia (Walker County), Suttles Mill — William Little House |
| | Confederate Major General John Bell Hood was brought to this house to recuperate following the amputation of his right leg due to a wound received on September 20, 1863 at the Battle of Chickamauga. Colonel Francis (Frank) Little, 11th Georgia Infantry, suggested that Major General Hood be brought to the home of his father, William Little. Hood spent approximately four to six weeks here. A second story was added to the house in 1899. — Map (db m12005) |
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