| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T-17 — The Retreat |
| | One and a half miles north is The Retreat, home to three distinguished generations of the Parker family. Thomas Parker, a general in the War of 1812, constructed this imposing Federal-style house in 1799. Richard Parker, his nephew, was a U.S. Senator, justice of the state Supreme Court of Appeals, and jury member at the trial of Aaron Burr. His son, Richard Elliot Parker, served in the U.S. House of Representatives and presided as a federal judge at the trial of John Brown. During the Civil . . . — Map (db m1195) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Battle of Cool Spring — Sharp Action at the Shenandoah River — 1864 Valley Campaign |
| | To draw Union troops from Petersburg to Washington, Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early attacked the capital’s defenses on July 11, 1864. He then withdrew to the Shenandoah Valley, where he had left Gen. John C. Breckinridge’s division to hold the Shenandoah River fords. Union Gen. George Crook, pursuing Early, decided to make a reconnaissance in force across the river near hear on July 18 after his cavalry was repulsed the previous day, a Sunday.
Guided by a Confederate deserter well . . . — Map (db m1201) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T–9 — Castleman’s Ferry Fight |
| | Three miles North in July 1864, General Jubal Early’s army, returning from his raid on Washington, was attacked by Federal units which forced a passage of the river. On July 18, Colonel Joseph Thoburn led his troops against the Confederates but was driven back across the river. Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States, commanded a Federal brigade in the action. — Map (db m1203) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T 10 — Crook and Early |
| | Early, while passing through this gap on his return from his Washington raid, was attacked by Crook’s cavalry, July 16, 1864. Crook destroyed a few wagons, Early captured a cannon. — Map (db m1204) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — T-15 — Clarke County Courthouse |
| | The year after Clarke County was formed in 1836, construction began on a brick courthouse based on county justice David Meade’s design. The courthouse was remodeled in the Neoclassical style about 1850 when the portico and cupola were added. Portraits of locally prominent judges and lawyers from the 1840s to the present are displayed in the courtroom. The 1882 commonwealth’s attorney office, the combination sheriff office and jail, built about 1895, and the 1977 circuit courthouse are also . . . — Map (db m1296) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — B-7 — Signal Station |
| | On the hilltop to the south stood an important signal station used by both armies, 1861-1865. — Map (db m1398) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — T 1 — Carter Hall |
| | Col. Nathaniel Burwell, great-grandson of Robert "King" Carter, constructed Carter Hall in the mid-1790s after moving here from Tidewater Virginia. Edmund Randolph Governor of Virginia, U.S. Attorney General, and U.S. Secretary of State, died here in 1815 and was buried two miles north at Old Chapel. In Oct. 1862, Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson used Carter Hall as his headquarters. Pharmaceutical magnet Gerard Lambert purchased the estate in 1930 and hired New York architect Harry T. Lindeberg . . . — Map (db m1610) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Traveler Was Tethered on This Spot |
| | Traveler was tethered on this spot June 21, 1863, as General Robert E. Lee paused on his march to Gettysburg. He attended services here in Grace Episcopal Church. Tablet placed by Sycamore Society 1986 Replaced by E.V. White Chapter, MOSB and Sons of Confederate Veterans Camps # 21 and # 1567 1992 — Map (db m1731) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), White Post — J 18 — Double Tollgate |
| | Early in the 19th century, three important roads crossed here: Nineveh Turnpike leading to Front Royal, Winchester Turnpike leading to the north, and Newton Turnpike connecting Stephens City and the Shenandoah River via the Winchester and Berrys Ferry Turnpike. Two tollgates served the roads. During the mid-19th century, the intersection was called Highland Corners. A Civil War cavalry engagement occurred here on 11 Aug. 1864 between Confederates led by Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden and Union forces commanded by Brig. Gen. George A. Custer. — Map (db m1751) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 30 — Battle of Berryville |
| | As it maneuvered against Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early’s Army of the Valley, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s U.S. Army of the Shenandoah marched south from Halltown, reaching Berryville on 3 Sept. 1864. Finding part of Brig. Gen. George Crook’s corps pitching camp just east of here, Maj. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw’s division attacked with limited results. During the night, Early brought up his entire army but by daylight found the Federal position too strongly entrenched behind its eight miles of . . . — Map (db m1781) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 1 — Berryville Wagon Train Raid |
| | Just after dawn on 13 Aug. 1864, Col. John Singleton Mosby and 300 of his 43rd Battalion Partisan Rangers attacked the rear section of Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s 600-vehicle wagon train here. The train, headed for Winchester, carried supplies for Sheridan’s cavalry. Mosby surprised and routed the Federals as they rested, cooked breakfast, and hitched their horses. Mosby’s men, losing only one killed and one mortally wounded, captured 200 beef cattle, 500–600 horses, 100 wagons, and . . . — Map (db m1785) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — J 14 — Lee’s Bivouac |
| | Gen. Robert E. Lee bivouacked near here on 18-19 June 1863, as he began his invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Part of his Army of Northern Virginia marched north toward Winchester, while Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s corps camped here with Lee. On 13 June, a Union force under Col. Andrew T. McReynolds had evacuated Berryville and marched to Winchester to join Maj. Gen. Richard S. Milroy’s division there. Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell’s corps attacked and defeated Milroy in the Second Battle of . . . — Map (db m1786) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Q 3c — Berryville, Clarke County |
| | The town was laid out in 1798 on land of Benjamin Berry and was first known as Battletown. Here at “Audley” lived Nellie Custis, Washington’s adopted daughter. Here at “Soldiers Rest” lived General Daniel Morgan, who built “Saratoga.” Here Lee’s army camped on the way to Gettysburg. Near here many engagements occurred, 1862–64. — Map (db m1788) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Q 3 — Berryville |
| | Before 1798 Berryville was known as Battletown, a name that perhaps originated from a local tavern famous for its fistfights. The General assembly incorporated the town of Berryville on 15 Jan. 1798. Located at a major crossroads of the Shenandoah Valley and Northern Virginia, Berryville saw much military activity during the Civil War. On 13 Aug. 1864 Col. John S. Mosby attacked a Union supply train destined for Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan’s troops at Winchester. Important nearby houses include . . . — Map (db m1811) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — B 4 — Saratoga |
| | A half-mile east, Revolutionary War hero Daniel Morgan began this limestone Georgian mansion in 1779 while on furlough. He named it for the Battle of Saratoga in which he had recently distinguished himself. The house was probably constructed by Hessian soldiers held prisoner in nearby Winchester. Recalled to duty in 1780, Morgan was made a brigadier general and won a brilliant victory at Cowpens in South Carolina. In the antebellum period Saratoga was the home of Philip Pendleton Cooke, . . . — Map (db m1813) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Boyce — B 2 — The Briars |
| | Two and a half miles to the northwest stands The Briars, as stuccoed stone, two-story, five-bay dwelling that was constructed around 1819 as the home of Dr. Robert Powell Page. His daughter, Mary Francis Page, married John Esten Cooke, noted Virginia novelist, soldier, and historian. They moved to the house in 1869. Cooke lived at The Briars until his death in 1886. Besides a very successful author, Cooke also served during the Civil War with distinction as the chief ordinance officer for Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, C.S.A. — Map (db m1815) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Fight at Gold’s Farm |
| | Fight at Gold’s Farm
Sept. 3, 1864
Mosby & 6th N.Y. Cavalry — Map (db m1816) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — Vinyard Fight |
| | Vinyard Fight Gold’s Farm
Dec. 16, 1864
Mosby & US Cavalry —— — Map (db m1819) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Buck Marsh Fight |
| | Buck Marsh Fight Sept. 13, 1864
Mosby's Attack on
Sheridan’s Wagon Trains —— — Map (db m1834) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Battle of Berryville |
| | Battle of Berryville
Sept. 3, 1864 Early & Sheridan —— — Map (db m1836) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Mt. Airy Fight |
| | Mt. Airy Fight
Sept. 15, 1864
Mosby * U.S.
Cavalry —— — Map (db m1838) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — T 16 — Millwood |
| | This village developed around two late-18th-century gristmills and Nathaniel Burwell’s Carter Hall plantation, one of the preeminent estates in the area. The Burwell-Morgan Mill in the center of the village was a commercial gristmill, while the Carter Hall Mill served the plantation. In 1865, Confederate Col. John S. Mosby discussed terms of surrender in the J.H. Clarke house and tavern (1842) located across the road. After the Civil War, Millwood included a community of freed blacks with a . . . — Map (db m1850) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), White Post — Double Tollgate Fight |
| | Double Tollgate Fight Aug. 11, 1864 Imboden & U.S. Cavalry —— — Map (db m3484) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Millwood — Mt. Carmel Fight |
| | Mt. Carmel Fight Feb. 19, 1865 Mosby & U.S. Cavalry —— — Map (db m3486) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Battle of Cool Spring |
| | Battle of Cool Spring July 18, 1864 Early & Crook —— — Map (db m4601) HM |
| Virginia (Clarke County), Berryville — Col. Morgan's Lane |
| | Col. Morgan's Lane Aug. 19, 1864 Mosby's Attack on Custer's House Burners. No Prisoners —— — Map (db m4603) HM |
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