| Maryland (Frederick County), Middletown — Christ Reformed Church — Just Before the Battle — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | Eight thousand Confederates under Gen. Lafayette McLaws marched by this church on September 10-11, 1862, heading south to Harper’s Ferry. Since no Federals were in the area, McLaws expected no encounters with the enemy. Unknown to him, however, Union Gen. George B. McClellan had obtained a copy of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Special Order 191 containing the Confederate plans; soon the rear of McLaw’s column was in danger.
Most of McClellan’s Army of the Potomac marched west on the National Road . . . — Map (db m796) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Middletown — Middletown — Enemies and Friends — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | When Gen. Robert E. Lee and part of the Army of Northern Virginia passes through Middletown on September 10–11, 1862, they encountered a chilly reception. The inhabitants of this single-street hamlet on the National Road loved the Union, and the ragged Confederates who marched west through here epitomized what the citizens regarded as a rebellion. Confronted by openly defiant residents, the Confederates considered Middletown the most Union of all places they saw during their first trek to . . . — Map (db m21911) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — Civil War Hospital Site — Henry Shoemaker House |
| | Civil War Hospital Site
The Henry Shoemaker House was used as a hospital site during the Maryland Campaign 1862.
Private Property courtesy of S.H.A.F — Map (db m4953) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — 1862 Antietam Camapign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain gaps, Lee . . . — Map (db m1520) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — Battle at South Mountain — A Natural Barrier — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | The Battle of South Mountain erupted on September 14, 1862, when elements of the Union army tried to drive the Confederate rear guard from Crampton’s, Fox’s, and Turner’s Gaps and break through to the western side of the mountain to attack Confederates there. When Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia marched into Maryland earlier in the month, he was looking for supplies and recruits for a possible invasion of Pennsylvania. He hoped while resting men at Frederick . . . — Map (db m1519) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — 19th Century Backpacker — The Civil War Soldier — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | An unnamed citizen of Frederick City said the following of the Confederates he had beheld marching through his hometown: “I have never seen a mass of such filthy strong-smelling men. Three in a room would make it unbearable, and when marching in column along the street the smell from them was most offensive... The filth that pervades them is most remarkable... They have no uniforms, but are all well armed and equipped, and have become so inured to hardships that they care but little for . . . — Map (db m1521) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T.P. 1 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 1 |
| | Between September 4th and 7th, 1862, the Army of Northern Virginia, General Robert E. Lee, commanding, crossed the Potomac near Leesburg and occupied Frederick, Maryland. On the 10th a movement was made to surround and capture the Union forces at Harper's Ferry. Early that morning Major-General T. J. Jackson, with Jackson's (Stonewall) Division and the divisions of R.S. Ewell and A.P Hill, left Frederick, marched over South Mountain at this Pass, crossed the Potomac near Williamsport on the . . . — Map (db m1594) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 2 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 2 |
| | In the advance of the Union forces to repel the invasion of Maryland by the Confederates, the Army of the Potomac commanded by Major General Geo. B. McClellan, moved northward from Washington with its front extending from near the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the Potomac River. On September 12th, Cox Kanawha Division of the Ninth Corps, occupied Frederick. On the 13th Pleasonton's Union cavalry, moving from Frederick on the National Road, forced the passage of Catoctin Mountain, Stuart's . . . — Map (db m1595) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 3 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 3 |
| | Hill's five brigades were encamped at and around Boonsboro to prevent the escape of the Union forces at Harper's Ferry, through Pleasant Valley. Informed that two Union brigades were approaching Turner's Pass, Hill, on the evening of September 13, ordered Colquitt's and Garland's Brigades from Boonsboro, to dispute the passage of the mountain. Colquitt, with Lane's battery of Georgia Artillery, moved nearly to the east foot of the mountain and formed north of this road. During the night . . . — Map (db m1596) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 4 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 4 |
| | Cox’s Division of the Ninth Corps moved from Middletown at 6 A. M., September 14, by the Frederick and Hagerstown Pike, turned to the left at Koogle’s Mill, on the Catoctin, nearly four miles southeast of this, and, marching on the old Sharpsburg road, at 9 A. M. encountered Garland’s Brigade immediately south of Fox's Gap one mile south of this. A severe contest resulted in the death of General Garland, the dispersion of his Brigade, and Cox established himself on the crest of the mountain. . . . — Map (db m1597) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 5 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 5 |
| | During the contest at Fox's Gap, Hooker's (First) Corps was operating east and northeast of this point. The First Corps left the Monocacy at daybreak, passed through Frederick and Middletown and between 3 and 4 P. M., leaving Gibbon's Brigade on the main pike, turned to the right at Bolivar, nearly two miles southeast of this, and, marching on the old Hagerstown road, passed Mt. Tabor Church and formed line about one and a quarter miles east of this, Meade's Division on the right, Hatch's on . . . — Map (db m1598) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — T. P. 6 — Turner's Pass Tablet T. P. 6 |
| | When Hooker moved to the right at Bolivar by way of the Hagerstown road, Gibbon continued on the main road and attacked Colquitt, in position about 700 yards southeast of this point. He drove Colquitt's skirmishers and reached the bend in the road in Colquitt's front, but was unable to drive Colquitt, and bivouacked in his front. When darkness put an end to the engagement, Cox's Division of the Ninth Corps held the summit of the mountain, south of Fox's Gap. Hooker's First Corps gained the high . . . — Map (db m1599) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — Maryland Campaign of 1862 / The Lost Orders |
| | (Left Side) On September 4, 1862, General Robert E. Lee, hoping to shorten the war by winning a decisive victory on Northern soil, crossed the Potomac River into Maryland. Lee planned to draw the Army of the Potomac through South Mountain into Pennsylvania and fight on ground of his choosing. His plan depended on securing his supply line down the Shenandoah Valley past Harpers Ferry—then garrisoned by nearly 13,000 Federal troops. When the Federals did not withdraw, Lee decided to . . . — Map (db m2040) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonesboro — The Maryland Campaign of 1862 |
| | On September 4, 1862, General Robert E. Lee, hoping to shorten the war by winning a decisive victory on Northern soil, crossed the Potomac River into Maryland. Lee planned to draw the Army of the Potomac through South Mountain into Pennsylvania and fight on ground of his choosing. His plan depended on securing his supply line down the Shenandoah Valley past Harpers Ferry—then garrisoned by nearly 13,000 Federal troops. When the Federals did not withdraw, Lee decided to attack them. From . . . — Map (db m2041) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — The Lost Orders |
| | No other document of the Civil War has generated so much controversy as Lee's Special Orders No. 191. These “Lost Orders” detailed the movements of Lee's army for the operation against Harpers Ferry. On September 9 Lee sent copies of the order to his subordinate commanders. The copy that General George B. McClellan read on September 13 was found by three Federal soldiers in an abandoned campsite near Frederick in an envelope wrapped around three cigars. The envelope was addressed to . . . — Map (db m2042) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — Deaths of Two Generals — “Hallo, Sam, I’m dead!” — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | The fight for Fox’s Gap on September 14, 1862, claimed the lives of two generals, one from each side. Confederate Gen. Samuel Garland, a Lynchburg, Virginia native, attended the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington and later obtained his law degree. Married in 1856, he suffered tragedy early in the war when both his wife and four-year-old son died in an influenza epidemic. Grief-stricken, he left Lynchburg as captain of the Lynchburg Home Guard, excelled during the Peninsula Campaign and . . . — Map (db m455) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — 580 — Stonewall Regiment |
| | More than 90,000 Michigan men served in the Union Army and Navy during the Civil War. The 17th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment was mustered at the Detroit Barracks in August 1862 under the command of Colonel William H. Withington. The regiment consisted of raw recruits from field, workshop and schoolroom. One company was composed almost entirely of students from Ypsilanti Normal School, now Eastern Michigan University. With less than a month of military training, the 17th left for . . . — Map (db m398) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — Maj. Gen. Jesse L. Reno |
| | (front)
9th Army Corps.
September 14, 1862.
Reno.
(west side)
This monument marks the
spot where Major Gen. Jesse Lee Reno,
commanding 9th Army Corps U.S. Vol’s,
was killed in battle Sept. 14, 1862.
(south side)
Battles.
Vera Cruz; Cerro Gordo;
Cantreras; Churubusco;
Chapultepec; Roanoke Island;
New Berne;
Camden; Bull Run;
Chantilly and South Mountain.
(east side)
Erected by
the survivors of
the 9th Army Corps
to their . . . — Map (db m389) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — The Battle for Fox’s Gap — “Hell is empty and all the devils are here.” — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | As Confederate Gen. D.H. Hill’s division struggled to hold the gaps of South Mountain on September 14, 1862, the fighting here at Fox’s Gap raged throughout the day. About 9 a.m., Gen. Jesse L. Reno’s corps attacked Confederate Gen. Samuel Garland’s lines approximately ¾ of a mile south of here and began pushing the men north towards Fox’s Gap. Sometime around midmorning, Garland fell mortally wounded and the Confederates scattered into the gap.
The fighting died down at midday as both sides . . . — Map (db m454) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — Near Here in Wise’s Field |
| | Near here in Wise's field on the morning of Sept. 14, 1862, Brigadier General Samuel Garland, Jr. C.S.A. of Lynchburg, Virginia fell mortally wounded while leading his men. — Map (db m429) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — North Carolina |
| | (Front Side): In Memory of the North Carolinians who fought at or near here September 14, 1862. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 20th, 23rd, 30th Infantry and Manly's and Reilly's Battery, 1st NC Artillery. General D.H. Hill was in command of the Confederates with elements of Longstreet's Corps arriving in the afternoon. The fighting here at Fox's Gap saw one of the few instances of actual hand-to-hand combat of the war. The 13th NC was totally surrounded after . . . — Map (db m4325) HM |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Myersville — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain . . . — Map (db m5923) HM |
| Maryland (Washington County), Myersville — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia
crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862,
to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit
sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B.
McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who
had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s
force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry.
After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates
out of the South . . . — Map (db m674) HM |
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