| Maryland (Washington County), Zittlestown — Washington Monument — Signal Station — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | During the Antietam Campaign, the U.S. Signal Corps used the stone structure as a signal station. On July 4, 1827, citizens of the town of Boonsboro paraded to the top of the mountain here and began building this first monument in the country completed in honor of George Washington. On September 14, 1862, as Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and his staff entered Boonsboro during the Battle of South Mountain, Lt. Col. E.P. Alexander observed “a small party of people on what seemed to be some . . . — Map (db m1886) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — Washington Monument — Signal Station — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | During the Antietam Campaign, the U.S. Signal Corps used the stone structure in front of you and to your left as a signal station. On July 4, 1827, citizens of the town of Boonsboro paraded to the top of the mountain here and began building this first monument in the country completed in honor of George Washington. On September 14, 1862, as Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and his staff entered Boonsboro during the Battle of South Mountain, Lt. Col. E.P. Alexander observed “a small party of . . . — Map (db m1161) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — Boonsboro — Lee's Headquarters — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | After Gen. Robert E. Lee issued Special Order 191 near Frederick dividing the Army of Northern Virginia into four columns, Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s command marched across South Mountain on September 10, 1862. His column passed through Turner’s Gap and Boonsboro en route to compel the surrender of the Federal garrison at Harpers Ferry. Gen. James Longstreet’s and Gen. D.H. Hill’s columns also passed by here, and Gen. J.E.B. Stuart established his headquarters here . . . — Map (db m1872) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Hagerstown — Gen. Robert E. Lee |
| | Gen. Robert E. Lee with Longstreet’s Corps entered Hagerstown Sept. 11, 1862 to make it a base for operations in Pennsylvania. On Sept. 14, 1862 this force hastened to the battle of South Mountain and then to the battlefield of Antietam. — Map (db m1156) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Hagerstown — Antietam Battlefield |
| | 12 miles to Antietam National Battlefield Site, where on Sept. 17, 1862, about 41,000 Confederates under the command of General Robert E. Lee were pitted against 87,000 Federals under General George B. McClellan. — Map (db m1965) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Hagerstown — One of Lee’s Ammunition Trains |
| | One of Lee’s ammunition trains was captured here Sept. 15, 1862 by 1200 Federal cavalry under Col. B. F. Davis, escaping from Gen. T. J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s capture of Harpers Ferry. This loss was felt by the Confederate army at the Battle of Antietam. — Map (db m386) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — Stonewall Jackson's Way |
| | Under Special Order 191, Maj. Gen Thomas J. Jackson led Confederate troops from Frederick to capture Harper's Ferry. On Sept. 11, 1862, Jackson's Second Corps moved by this road from its encampment near Boonsborough to cross the Potomac at Williamsport. — Map (db m3912) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Boonsboro — The Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg |
| | The bloodiest conflict of the War Between the States occurred September 17, 1862, a few miles from this point (turn left in the center of Boonsboro). — Map (db m456) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Funkstown — Civil War Hospital Site — Angela Kirkham Davis House |
| | Civil War Hospital Site Angela Kirkham Davis House Was used as a hospital during The Maryland Campaign 1862 Private Property courtesy of S.H.A.F. — Map (db m2008) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Hancock — Major James Breathed — "Hardest artillery fighter the war produced" |
| | Maj. James Breathed was born near present-day Berkeley Spring, W. Va., on December 15, 1838, and moved while young with his family to Washington Co., Md. He attended St. James School in Lydia, where his father John Breathed was headmaster. At age 21, he graduated from the University of Maryland Medical School. During the Civil War, he served as a lieutenant in the 1st Virginia Cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart, and later as a major in Stuart's Horse Artillery.
Breathed so distinguished himself . . . — Map (db m5932) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Williamsport — Williamsport |
| | Williamsport was used by Union General Patterson crossing on July 2, 1861, Confederate General Jackson moving against Harper's Ferry on September 11, 1862, and General Lee advancing with much of his army to, and retreating from, Gettysburg in June and July, 1863. — Map (db m3910) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Williamsport — C & O Canal Aqueduct — Stonewall Changes Course — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | On September 10, 1862, Gen. Robert E. Lee ordered Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson and a detachment of 15,000 men, about two-thirds of the Army of Northern Virginia, to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry and secure Confederate lines of communication with Virginia. At first, Jackson planned to follow the Sharpsburg Road from Frederick to the Potomac River, but then he decided to cross the river here at Williamsport, where he could easily engage the nearby Federal garrison . . . — Map (db m1118) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Keedysville — Keedysville — Headquarters and Hospital Town — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | After the Battle of South Mountain ended around nightfall on September 14, 1862, many Confederates marched by here. The next day, Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac arrived, and McClellan established his headquarters here in the German Reformed Church. The army bivouacked in and around Keedysville before it attacked Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia near Sharpsburg on September 17. After the battle, the bloodiest day in American history, Keedysville became one vast . . . — Map (db m1640) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Keedysville — Pry Mill |
| | The 20.25 acre property on Little Antietam Creek was bequeathed to Samuel Merritt Hitt by Robert Smith on October 28, 1818. A two-story, two-section grist and sawmill was constructed about 1820 by Hitt, who diverted the established road so traffic would pass his mill. Brothers Samuel and Philip Pry purchased the mill in 1847. Samuel, the sole proprietor in 1850, rebuilt the structure in its present form. Jonathan Letterman selected the mill as one of seven Union hospital sites, and the building . . . — Map (db m3202) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Keedysville — Civil War Hospital Site — Samuel Pry Mill |
| | Civil War Hospital Site Samuel Pry Mill Was used as a hospital during The Maryland Campaign 1862 Private Property courtesy of S.H.A.F. — Map (db m3203) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Civil War Hospital Site — Hoffman Farm |
| | Civil War Hospital Site Hoffman Farm Was used as a hospital during The Maryland Campaign 1862 Private Property courtesy of S.H.A.F. — Map (db m7191) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Keedysville — Hitt-Cost House |
| | The main timber-frame portion of the house was built by the Hitt family before 1790. A log addition was added in the 1830's by the Cost family, nearly doubling the size of the house. After the battle of Antietam, it was used as a hospital and later as a headquarters for Union General George G. Meade. General Joseph K. F. Mansfield ate supper here September 16, 1862. He was killed the following morning. The house was severely damaged by fire in 1989 and has been restored. Listed in the National Register of Historic Places. — Map (db m6777) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Middle Bridge |
| | This is the location of the famous "Middle Bridge," one of three bridges involved with the Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862. The upper (Hitt) bridge and lower (Burnside) bridge are still standing. This three-arch stone bridge was destroyed by flooding in 1889. — Map (db m3205) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain . . . — Map (db m1967) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Grove House |
| | The Historic Grove House
The meeting place of Robert E. Lee and his generals on the night of September 17, 1862. — Map (db m7574) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain . . . — Map (db m1970) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Antietam Station — Railroad to Reunion — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | After the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, soldiers’ families traveled by rail to Hagerstown or Frederick, and then by horse and buggy to the site to recover the bodies of loved ones or to search for survivors. Thus began a constant stream of battlefield visitors that still continues. A regular Decoration Day commemoration (a forerunner of Memorial Day) began in May 1868 with a parade through Sharpsburg and the decoration of soldiers’ graves. In 1833, the Shenandoah Valley Railway . . . — Map (db m1968) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Grove Farm — A Visit from the President — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | At the time of the bloody Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, this house was the home of Stephen P. Grove, and this was his farm. The Federal Army of the Potomac camped throughout the area after the battle; the Grove house became the headquarters of Gen. Fitz-John Porter, commander of the V Corps. When the fighting ended on September 17, both armies suffered from exhaustion and shock. Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reacted first, withdrawing the Army of Northern Virginia across the . . . — Map (db m1969) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Ferry Hill Place — (Built in 1812) |
| | The boyhood home of Colonel Henry Kyd Douglas, a member of Stonewall Jackson’s staff. Sept. 18, 1862, Federal troops occupied these premises and confined the Douglas family. June 18, 1863, Headquarters of Confederate Maj. Gen. Edward Johnson, en route to Pennsylvania. — Map (db m1877) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Blackford’s Ford |
| | Also known as Boteler’s Pack Horse and Shepherdstown Ford. “Stonewall” Jackson’s command crossed here en route from Harper’s Ferry to Sharpsburg. Here the entire Army of Northern Virginia withdrew into Virginia, Sept. 18–19, 1862, following the Battle of Antietam. — Map (db m1953) |
| Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — Packhorse Ford |
| | A day after the Battle of Antietam, Confederate General Robert E. Lee retreated to the safety of the West Virginia (then Virginia) bluffs across the river from here. This was the only good crossing on the river for many miles upstream or downstream. Some of Lee's artillery units were already in place on the bluffs. Pursued by 700 soldiers from the 118th Pennsylvania Infantry, the Confederates reacted by opening fire. This was the Pennsylvania boys' first taste of battle; they soon discovered . . . — Map (db m6983) |
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