| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Chancellorsville Campaign |
| | May 3, 1863 - Battle cries break the stillness of the dawn as 25,000 Confederate soldiers move up through the dark woods on both sides of the Plank Road to attack the Union position guarding Fairview heights, 800 yards to the east. Leading them in place of the wounded Stonwall Jackson was Lee's 30-year-old cavalry chief, 'Jeb' Stuart. By 10:50 a.m. after a fierce struggle, Fairview had fallen and Hooker's men were pushed back past Chancellorsville to a defensive line from which they would . . . — Map (db m3606) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Brig. Gen. E. F. Paxton, C.S.A. |
| | In this vicinity Brig. Gen. E. F. Paxton, C.S.A. Aged 35 years, of Rockbridge County, VA. Was killed on the morning of May 3, 1863 While leading his command, the Stonewall Brigade in the attack on Fairview — Map (db m3607) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — A Missed Opportunity — The Battle of Chancellorsville |
| | The morning of May 3d found the Confederate army heavily outnumbered and dangerously divided. "Stonewall" Jackson's flank attack the evening before had staggered the Union army but had not irretrievably damaged it. As the day broke, Jackson's corps, now under J.E.B. Stuart, lay one-half mile to your left; the rest of the army, personally led by Lee, was one mile to your right. Between them lay this large, open plateau known as Hazel Grove. Hazel Grove was the key to the battlefield. Had Hooker . . . — Map (db m19165) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Hazel Grove |
| | On the morning of May 3, this large, open plateau, known as "Hazel Grove," was the key to the Union position. "Stonewall" Jackson's flank attack the evening before had staggered the Union army but had not seriously damaged it. As the new day dawned, the Confederate army found itself divided, with Hooker holding the high ground - Hazel Grove - in between. Had Hooker strongly defended the plateau, he could have kept the Confederate army separated and defeated it one piece at a time. But the . . . — Map (db m3610) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Chancellorsville Campaign |
| | May 3, 1863. At daylight Hooker ordered the withdrawal of Sickles' troops from this height, called Hazel Grove, key position of Hooker's front after Jackson's flanking movement. Promptly occupying it with Archer's Confederate Brigade, Stuart, now in command of Jackson's Corps, ordered a heavy concentration of artillery here. These guns enfiladed the Federal position at Fairview and a division of Slocum's XII Corps entrenched to the southeast. From this point about 10, a.m. Lee watched the . . . — Map (db m14681) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Lee Renews the Attack |
| | Confederate artillery here supported one of the largest infantry attacks of the Civil War. At dawn "Stonewall" Jackson's corps, now led by J.E.B. Stuart, struck the Union line from the west, in the woods to your left-front. At the same time, Lee's forces converged on Hooker from the south and east. The Union army found itself beset on all sides. For nearly five hours the battle ranged fiercely in the woods around you, as opposing troops attacked, retreated, and attacked again through the . . . — Map (db m3617) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — A Very Hot Place |
| | At Hazel Grove, Lee's artillerists enjoyed perhaps their greatest success of the war. No sooner had the Union army evacuated the ridge than Southern cannon appeared - first four pieces, then eight, twelve, sixteen. Within an hour more than thirty guns crowned this ridge. Eager hands rammed home charges and sent shot and shell screeching toward the center of the Union line at Fairview, 1200 yards away. The concussion of the cannon blasts deafened some of the artillerists and caused the noses . . . — Map (db m3618) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Jackson's Impact |
| | Around you is tangible and dramatic evidence of the impact "Stonewall" Jackson's flank attack had on the Union army. The artillery emplacements (lunettes) in front of you were constructed at a fairly leisurely rate on May 1 and 2, 1863. They face South, toward the expected direction of any Confederate attack. The lunettes to your left were dug by frantic Union artillerymen during the night of May 2-3, 1863. They face west - in the direction of Jackson's surprise assault against the Union right . . . — Map (db m3636) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — High Drama, Human Tragedy |
| | The climactic fighting of the Battle of Chancellorsville took place in the woods and fields around Fairview. Here on the morning of May 3, 1863, Union troops struggled to maintain their position long enough to allow General Hooker time to establish a new line a mile to the north. The Confederates fought desperately to reunite the two wings of Lee's command and to finish what Jackson had begun the night before - the destruction of Hooker's army. The Confederates drove the Federals from . . . — Map (db m3637) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Artillery Duel |
| | On the morning of May 3, 1863, Union artillery at Fairview suffered the most intense artillery bombardment of the battle. More than 40 Confederate guns at Hazel Grove (visible 1,200 yards in front of you) concentrated their fire on 34 Union cannon here at Fairview. After five hours of fighting, the Union guns withdrew, and the Union infantry slowly fell back into the Chancellorsville clearing. They left behind stunning carnage. We...reached the brow of the hill where...our own cannon had . . . — Map (db m3638) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Collis Zouaves |
| | Erected to mark the line of battle of the 114th Reg't. Pennsylvania Vol's. on the memorable 3rd day of May 1863, where it lost 3 officers and 35 enlisted men killed List of Killed Major Joseph S. Chandler Captain Frank Eliot, Co. F. Lieu't. George M. Cullen, Co. G. Henry Steelman. Co. A. Serg't. Alfred Tricker. Co. B. John Alqueshouse. Co. B. Albert Holworth. Co. B. John J. Springer. Co. B. Samuel T. Sapp. Co. B. Edward Simms. Co. B. Samuel M. Whitesell. Co. B. George Lutz. Co. C. . . . — Map (db m3639) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Ordeal of the Wounded |
| | After the May 3, 1863, fighting at Chancellorsville, the Confederates gathered up 500 wounded Union soldiers and brought them here to Fairview. For more than a week the helpless men lay in the yard around the house, receiving little medical care, exposed to the wind and the rain, lying in the mud. Wounds festered and became infected. Insects attracted by piles of corpses nearby inflicted painful bites. Dozens of soldiers died; many others prayed that they might be taken too. A team of Union . . . — Map (db m3640) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Fairview |
| | Just ahead of you stood a story-and-a-half log house known as Fairview. This was originally a Chancellor home, but during the Civil War James Moxley and his family occupied it. Moxley was overseer of Frances Chancellor's 20 slaves. Moxley likely managed most aspects of physical work on the Chancellors' 800-acre farm - dispatching slaves to daily assignments, maintaining buildings and machines, and ensuring that crops made it to market. Moxley's status as overseer exempted him from service in . . . — Map (db m3641) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Chancellor Cemetery |
| | This is the Chancellor family cemetery. In the first half of the 19th century the Chancellors dominated this section of Spotsylvania County. Fairview was the original family seat, but branches of the family eventually lived at Chancellorsville, Hazel Grove, Forest Hall, and Dowdall's Tavern. Residents of all those places are likely buried here. Not buried here are the family's slaves. The location of their graves is not known. The earliest known grave in the cemetery dates to 1812. By 1860 . . . — Map (db m3642) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Fairview |
| | Formerly a Chancellor farmstead, on May 3, 1863, Fairview became a gory landscape. That morning all the energy and violence of the Battle of Chancellorsville focused here - on the fields and woods around a commonplace log house. Here, the contending armies decided the outcome of the battle. — Map (db m3643) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — The 27th Indiana Infantry |
| | 3rd Brigade, 1st Div., 12th Corps Held this position from 7p.m. May 2nd to 9 a.m. May 3rd, 1863. Present for duty 300 Killed 36, Wounded 114 ——— Mustered in Aug. 1861, Mustered out Sept. 1864 Total enrollment 1,101. Killed 172. ——— Brown S. History 27th Indiana Infantry — Map (db m3644) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Chancellorsville Campaign |
| | May 2-3, 1863. In this vicinity, holding Hooker's original center, Slocum's Corps curved northwestward (reader's right rear) to form an interior line behind Howard's Corps. When Jackson smashed Howard, Slocum's western line fell also. The rest of Slocum's position held, however, and from this area a new Federal right was run northward. Thus, on May 3, Slocum's right fought Jackson's Corps, while his left engaged Lee's holding force to the south. Slocum was driven back toward the Rappahannock during the morning of May 3. — Map (db m3645) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Chancellorsville Campaign |
| | May 2-3, 1863. Units of Slocum's Federal XII Corps held this line. Its left extended a little beyond the Orange Plank Road (reader's left) where it connected with the right of Couch's II Corps. A mile to the southeast the Orange Plank Road intersected the Confederate line, at the crossing of the Furnace Road. While Lee's holding force there demonstrated against this sector on May 2, "Stonewall" Jackson marched to attack the Federal right flank, three miles west of here. Slocum and Couch abandoned this line in the general retreat of May 3. — Map (db m3646) |
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