| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — J 3 — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | Here Confederate forces under General Jubal A. Early, facing east, received the attack of Sheridan’s army at noon on September 19, 1864. Early repulsed the attack and countercharged, breaking the Union line. Only prompt action by General Emory Upton in changing front saved the Union forces from disaster. At 3 P.M. Sheridan made a second attack, driving Early back to Winchester. — Map (db m2268) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — J 13 — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | On a hill, approximately one-half mile to the west, Philip H. Sheridan established his final position on September 19, 1864. General Jubal A. Early held the ground one-half mile further to the west. At 4 P.M., Sheridan advanced with massed cavalry and infantry and broke Early's line. — Map (db m2271) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Third Battle of Winchester — A Gathering of Future Leaders — 1864 Valley Campaign |
| | The Third Battle of Winchester, fought here on September 19, 1864, was a proving ground for several men on both sides who shaped post-war America. They included two future presidents, two senators, a state governor, and several military leaders. Statesmen Col. Rutherford B. Hayes, who commanded a Federal VIII Corps brigade, was president from 1877 to 1881. Capt. William McKinley, who led a VIII Corps infantry company, was president from 1897 to 1901, when he was assassinated. Gen. John B. . . . — Map (db m3086) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Stephenson — Third Battle of Winchester — "One Moving Mass of Glittering Saber" |
| | 1864 Valley Campaigns On September 19, 1864, Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s Army of the Shenandoah routed Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early’s Valley Army at the Third Battle of Winchester (also called Opequon) in the bloodiest and largest battle in the Shenandoah Valley. The opening action was several miles to the east, where opposing infantry divisions slugged it out at the mouth of Berryville Canyon and over the plain of First Woods, Middle Field and Second Woods. The crushing end of the . . . — Map (db m2359) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 3 — Capture of Star Fort |
| | The fort on the hilltop to the southwest, known as Star Fort, was taken by Colonel Schoonmaker of Sheridan’s Army in the Battle of September 19, 1864. — Map (db m2275) |
| Virginia, Winchester — 3rd Battle of Winchester — September 19, 1864 |
| | In the late summer of 1864 General Philip H. Sheridan with 41,000 Federals was ordered to take the vital Shenandoah Valley.Opposing this force was a Confederate army of 18,000 under General Jubal A. Early stationed north and east of Winchester. On September 19, Sheridan moved on Winchester from the east employing Generals H.G.Wright's and W.H. Emery's Corps. The Confederates under Generals R.E. Rodes and J.B. Gordon counterattacked but were driven back by overwhelming numbers. Sheridan the sent . . . — Map (db m4789) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 4 — Fort Collier |
| | Just to the east, a redoubt known as Fort Collier was built by Joseph E. Johnston in 1861. Early’s left rested here during the Third Battle of Winchester, September 19, 1864. — Map (db m2481) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Fort Collier |
| | “I never saw such a sight” Confederate troops constructed Fort Collier in 1861 after the evacuation of Harpers Ferry. The earthworks, which surrounded the Benjamin Stine house here, commanded the approach to Winchester on the Martinsburg and Winchester Turnpike. The fort saw little action until late in the afternoon on September 19, 1864, when, during the Third Battle of Winchester, it became a focal point of the engagement. Here a great Union cavalry charge led by Gen. . . . — Map (db m2492) |
| Virginia, Winchester — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | September 19, 1864 Lieutenant General Jubal Early’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign began in June of 1864. Until the Third Battle of Winchester on September 19, he more than fulfilled General Lee’s hopes that the great success of 1862 could be repeated in 1864. Early’s opponent, General Philip Sheridan, assumed command of the Army of the Shenandoah on August 7, 1864. By September 19 its strength was just under 40,000 men. Sheridan’s mission, entrusted to him by General Grant and President . . . — Map (db m2511) |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Cavalry Charge at Fort Collier |
| | September 19, 1864 The shocking impact of the great charge and capture of Fort Collier unhinged Early’s entire line of battle. Confederate troops streamed south through the streets of Winchester, Confederate artillery continued firing from Star Fort, slowing the Federal pursuit; a few regiments made a brief stand at Mt. Hebron Cemetery, enabling Early to withdraw his tired and battered forces to Fishers Hill, above Strasburg. Except for a few brief hours at the Battle of Ceder Creek, one . . . — Map (db m2509) |
| Virginia, Winchester — Fort Collier |
| | 1861-1864 General Joseph E. Johnston commanded all Confederate forces in Virginia from 1861 until late in May of 1862. His initial post had been at Harpers Ferry, thought to be the key to the defense of the Shenandoah Valley. Johnston, however, believed that Harpers Ferry was indefensible, and that, in fact, Winchester was the key to the Valley. In June 1861, he evacuated Harpers Ferry and fell back to Winchester, which he began to fortify. Winchester’s proximity to Manassas proved the . . . — Map (db m2508) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Lt. Collier’s Earthworks |
| | From the time of Virginia’s secession from the Union on May 23, 1861, until just before the Battle of Manassas on July 21, 1861, the Confederate government in Richmond recognized the importance of defending the Lower Shenandoah Valley. When Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston occupied Winchester in June, 1861, he began to fortify the town with earthworks. Fort Collier was probably built under the supervision of General W.H.C. Whiting, Johnston’s chief engineer. In the first months of the . . . — Map (db m2494) |
| Virginia, Winchester — Gen. Russell Hastings |
| | 23rd Ohio Inf Wounded 19 Sept. 1864 — Map (db m6316) |
| Virginia, Winchester — Loyal Quaker and Brave Slave — Rebecca Wright and Thomas Laws |
| | In September 1864, U.S. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan heard rumors that Confederate forces had left the Shenandoah Valley to rejoin Gen. Robert E. Lee’s army at Petersburg. Wanting to confirm this information before attacking Gen. Jubal A. Early’s army, Sheridan concocted a dangerous and intriguing scheme. He had learned that a loyal Quaker named Rebecca Wright lived in Winchester on this site. Also, a slave named Thomas Laws often passed through Confederate lines to sell vegetables in town. On . . . — Map (db m5603) |
| Virginia, Winchester — J 4 — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | Near here Early, facing east, took his last position on September 19, 1864. About sundown he was attacked and driven from it, retreating south. Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley served in this engagement on the Union side. — Map (db m2656) |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester |
| | (The Battle of the Opequon) September 19, 1864 The decisive assault in the campaign set in motion by General Grant to free the Shenandoah Valley from the control of the Confederacy took place here. This high ground was part of Winchester’s defensive rampart against attack from the east. At daybreak the first gunfire was heard as General Ramseur’s North Carolinians fired on Capt. Hull’s NY Cavalry as it emerged from the Berryville Canyon (VA 7 near the I-81 overpass) 1.5 miles northeast of . . . — Map (db m2660) |
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