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New Jersey (Salem County), Hancocks Bridge — Patriots Massacred in the Hancock House
		In commemoration of the patriots massacred in the Hancock House March 21, 1778. Erected by the Patriotic Order Sons of America of Salem County July 2, 1932. — Map (db m21592)

Idaho (Canyon County), Middleton — Hostility Erupts Into Violence — Ward Massacre
		On August 20, 1854, the Alexander Ward Party of 20 men, women, and children were traveling on the Oregon Trail with five wagons, a day behind a larger party led by Alexander Yantis. The Wards pulled their wagons off the Trail for lunch and to water their stock when two white men and three Native Americans approached the party to trade for a horse. When the trade failed, one of the Indians attempted to ride off with the horse and was killed. Fearing retribution, the Wards hurried back to the . . . — Map (db m22398)
Idaho (Canyon County), Middleton — Peaceful Trading Turns Hostile — Ward Massacre
		In the 1830's, local tribes, including the Shoshone, Paiute, and Bannock began trading with Euro-American fur trappers and missionaries passing through southern Idaho. Peaceful exchanges beneficial to both groups increased in 1842 when wagon trains crossed southern Idaho on the Oregon Trail. As they moved through the Boise Valley, the trains obtained food, stock and services from native bands in exchange for a variety of goods and animals. What was only a few hundred wagons in 1842 became a . . . — Map (db m22333)
Idaho (Canyon County), Middleton — To the Memory of the Pioneers — Ward Massacre Memorial
		To the memory of the pioneers who were massacred by Indians near this spot August 20, 1854. This monument is dedicated by Pioneer Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution Boise, Idaho William Ward Age 44 Margaret Ward " 37 Mary Ward " 18 Robert Ward " 16 Edward Ward " 9 Francis Ward " 7 Flora Ward " 5 Susan Ward " 3 Eliza White " 30 George White . . . — Map (db m22336)
Idaho (Canyon County), Middleton — Violence is Avenged — Ward Massacre
		In early September, 1854, Major Granville Hallar set out with a US military force from their post in Oregon to avenge the Ward-party deaths. Upon arrival at the rebuilt Hudson Bay's Fort Boise near the mouth of the Boise River, the Indians they encountered were arrested, but released after proving their innocence. The next day, four Indians were arrested - three were killed and one was wounded, but escaped. The expedition next advanced up the Payette River tracking a suspect Indian band to . . . — Map (db m22366)

Kansas (Douglas County), Lawrence — 10 — Lawrence
		Lawrence was established in 1854 by the Emigrant Aid Company, a New England organization formed to prevent the new Kansas territory from becoming a slave state. When the first legislature enacted the so-called Bogus Laws with severe penalties for opposing slavery Lawrence was the center of Free-State resistance. Free-State newspapers here further antagonized Proslavery officers. Late in 1855 1500 Prosavery men gathered to attack the town. Free-State men came to its defense, among them John . . . — Map (db m20460)
Kansas (Douglas County), Lawrence — Pioneer Cemetery — Established 1854
		This Cemetery, known originally as Oread, was opened in 1854 by the New Englanders who founded Lawrence. Following burials in 1882, Oread fell into disuse. In 1928, the City of Lawrence changed the name to Pioneer Cemetery. The marble obelisk near the center of the grounds is a monument to T. W. Barber, an Ohio abolitionist shot by pro-slavery men during the Wakarusa War in December 1855. Barber was memorialized by John Greenleaf Whittier in his poem, "Burial of Barber." Eighteen military . . . — Map (db m20474)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Boston — The Old State House
		The Old State House, Boston’s oldest public building, was built in 1713 as the seat of British colonial government. Here the Royal Governor and the Massachusetts Assembly debated the Stamp Acts and the Writs of Assistance. The Declaration of Independence was first read to Bostonians from the east balcony on July 18, 1776. The building served as the State House until 1798, and was also Boston’s City Hall from 1830 to 1841. — Map (db m18096)
New York (Schenectady County), Schenectady — Schenectady
		Updated 2008 Marker: The Chamber of Schenectady County Welcomes You To Schenectady Settled by Arent Van Curler 1661 Burned by the French and Indians Feb. 8, 1690 The original 1924 marker read: Erected by Chamber of Commerce Schenectady Settled by Van Curler 1661 Burned by the French and Indians February 8, 1690 — Map (db m15074)
New York (Schenectady County), Schenectady — South Gate of Stockade
		Located at centre of present State Street in east line of stockade, which extended north, through a point nine feet west of northeast corner of present State and Ferry Streets. Watch house was located southwest of, and near this gate. Assault during massacre of February 8-9, 1690, was made outside of gate, where on north side of State Street, nine persons were killed and two taken prisoners. Tablet erected by Common Council on centennial anniversary of . . . — Map (db m7251)
South Carolina (Aiken County), Aiken — Aiken County 125th Anniversary
		In Commemoration Of The Founding Of Aiken County on March 10, 1871 Celebrating 125 years County Commissioners: Sen. C.D. Hayne, Rep. Gloster Holland, Rep. William B. Jones, Rep. Sam J. Lee, William Peel, Rep. Prince Rivers, S. B. Spencer, F.P. Stoney Erected March 10, 1996 — Map (db m10756)

Colorado (Denver County), Denver — Sand Creek Massacre
		The controversy surrounding this Civil War Monument has become a symbol of Coloradens' struggle to understand and take responsibility for our past. On November 29, 1864, Colorado's First and Third Cavalry, commanded by Colonel John Chivington, attacked Chief Black Kettle's peaceful camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians on the banks of Sand Creek, about 180 miles southeast of here. In the surprise attack, soldiers killed more than 150 of the village's 500 inhabitants. Most of the victims were . . . — Map (db m6755)
Idaho (Canyon County), Middleton — 75 — The Ward Massacre
		Only 2 young boys survived the Indian attack on Alexander Ward's 20 member party, Oregon bound on August 20, 1854. Military retaliation for the slaughter so enraged the Indians that Hudson's Bay Co. posts Fort Boise and Fort Hall had to be abandoned, and the Oregon Trail became unsafe without army escort. Eight years of Indian terror followed. Finally the 1862 gold rush brought powerful forces, civilian and military, that gradually subdued the tribes. — Map (db m22328)
Indiana (Madison County), Markleville — Massacre of Indians
		In 1824, nine Indians were murdered by white men near this spot. The men were tried, Found guilty and hanged. It was the first execution of white men for killing Indians. — Map (db m117)
Indiana (Sullivan County), Fairbanks — 77.1989.4 — Fairbanks' Massacre — Sergeant Nathan Fairbanks
		A War of 1812 military action occurred in September 1812 three miles west/southwest of here. While escorting supplies from Fort Knox near Vincennes to Fort Harrison at Terre Haute, Sergeant Nathan Fairbanks and approximately a dozen soldiers were ambushed -- and most killed -- by Indians. — Map (db m21761)
Kansas (Linn County), Trading Post — Marais des Cygnes Massacre
		Nothing in the struggle over slavery in Kansas did more to inflame the nation than the mass killing which took place May 19, 1858, about four miles northeast of this marker. Charles Hamelton who had been driven from the territory by Free-State men, retaliated by invading the county with about thirty Missourians. Capturing 11 Free-State men, he marched them to a ravine and lined them up before a firing squad. Five were killed, five were wounded, and one escaped by feigning death. The site and . . . — Map (db m4359)
Kentucky (Ballard County), Wickliffe — 1309 — Fort Jefferson Site / Indian Massacre
		(North Side):Fort Jefferson Site Built in 1780 by George Rogers Clark as part of impressive plan of settlement, conceived by Gov. Patrick Henry of Virginia, later pursued by and named for Gov. Thomas Jefferson. The fort was to protect US claim to its western border and to be a key trading post. It was abandoned, 1781. Over. Resettled after Jackson Purchase. Important Union post in Civil War. (South Side):Indian Massacre In 1781, the Chickasaws, led by a Scotchman, . . . — Map (db m18639)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Boston — A Riot, the Massacre, and the Tea Party
		From 1769-1776 Boston was the flashpoint for events leading up to the American Revolution. On February 22, 1770, a crowd gathered around the house and shop of a Tory sympathizer and customs agent, Ebenezer Richardson. When they started pelting the house with snowballs and debris, Richardson shot his gun into the crowd, hitting 12-year-old Christopher Snyder (or Christian Seider) in the stomach. Snyder died that night and was buried at Granary after a large funeral procession orchestrated by . . . — Map (db m18766)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Boston — Victims of the Boston Massacre
		The remains of Samuel Gray Samuel Maverick James Caldwell Crispus Attucks and Patrick Carr Victims of the Boston Massacre, March 5th, 1770, were here interred by order of the Town of Boston. ---------- Here also lies buried the body of Christopher Snider Aged 12 years, Killed February 22nd, 1770 The innocent victim of the struggles between the Colonists and the Crown, which resulted in INDEPENDENCE. ---------- Placed by Boston Chapter D.A.R. 1906. — Map (db m19282)
Missouri (Jackson County), Kansas City — In Memory of Law Enforcement Officers Killed in the "Kansas City Massacre" — June 17, 1933
		RAYMOND J. CAFFREY Special Agent, Federal Bureau of Investigation OTTO REED Chief of Police, McAlester, Oklahoma WILLIAM J. GROOMS Detective, Kansas City Missouri Police Department FRANK HERMANSON Detective, Kansas City Missouri Police Department Near this location the above named officers were slain and FBI Agents Francis J. Lackey and Reed E. Vetterli were wounded while transferring Federal prisoner Frank Nash, who had been apprehended the previous day, to the Federal . . . — Map (db m19942)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — “The Baylor Massacre” — September 28, 1778
		Late one night in 1778, the woods you are standing in suddenly echoed with the sounds of battle. A surprise attack by British soldiers nearly destroyed an American regiment, Baylor’s 3rd Continental Light Dragoons. Today, this park tells the story and honors the memory of the men of “The Baylor Massacre.” Who was Baylor? George Baylor was born to advantage. His father, Colonel John Baylor, a prominent member of the Virginia aristocracy, raised fine race horses on his plantation . . . — Map (db m8455)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — Baylor Massacre Millstone
		“This millstone is the only visible marker of the Baylor Massacre in existence today. On September 28, 1778, a detail of Baylor’s Continental Dragoons camping at Haring’s Tannery in River Vale was betrayed into the hands of the British by a Tory and several were slain. The bodies of the dead soldiers were thrown into three vats at the tannery and this stone was placed over the vats to hide the bodies. Many years later, Garrett Holdrum’s father dragged the stone to his home with a pair of . . . — Map (db m7876)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — 47 — Baylor Massacre Park
		In memory of American soldiers killed during the Revolutionary War in the “Baylor Massacre” on September 28, 1778. Lt. Col. George Baylor’s 3rd Regiment of Continental Dragoons took quarters for the night on several nearby farms. Tories betrayed their presence to a British force, who surrounded the Dragoons during the night. A number of Americans were killed or wounded after they surrendered. — Map (db m7874)
New Jersey (Salem County), Hancocks Bridge — Hancock House Massacre
		The winter of 1777 – 1778 had been particularly harsh on both the British and the Colonial troops. British commanders learned that the rich agricultural supplies in lower New Jersey could be obtained with little resistance and sent detachments to obtain provisions and supplies. The colonists were determined to prevent the British from gaining access to their provisions, and moved their livestock below Alloways Creek. British Commander, Colonel Charles Mawhood was just as determined to . . . — Map (db m21604)
North Carolina (Madison County), Marshall — P 71 — " Shelton Laurel Massacre "
		Thirteen men and boys, suspected of Unionism, were killed by Confederate soldiers in early 1863. Graves 8 mi. E. — Map (db m23126)
Ohio (Coshocton County), Coshocton — Broadhead Massacre
		Around the spring nearby, was perpetrated, on April 20, 1781, the massacre of 20 Indians by Col. Daniel Broadhead's army of 300. This slaying was committed following destruction, the same day, of the two villages, Goschachgunk, (Coshocton) and Indaochaic, formerly Lichtenau, the Moravian mission. The first act of this incident was the stealthful slaying, by tomahawk, of a chief who came across the river as a peace emissary, by the Indian fighter, Lewis Wetzel. The night before, 16 warrior . . . — Map (db m14707)
Ohio (Lucas County), Maumee — C 27 — Dudley's Massacre
		Here, on May 5, 1813, Col. Dudley's troops spiked the British artillery besieging Fort Meigs; but, in the enthusiasm of victory they were led into an ambush where over 600 were lost. — Map (db m18774)
Ohio (Morgan County), Stockport — 11-58 — Big Bottom Massacre
		Following the American Revolution, the new Federal government, in need of operating funds, sold millions of acres of western lands to land companies. One such company, the Ohio Company of Associates, brought settlement to Marietta in 1788. Two years later, despite warnings of Native American hostility, an association of 36 Company members moved north from Marietta to settle “Big Bottom,” a large area of level land on the east side of the Muskingum River. The settlers were acquainted . . . — Map (db m16713)
Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Paoli Massacre Monument
		(front of monument) Sacred to the memory of the patriots who on this spot fell, a sacrifice to British barbarity during the struggle for American Independence on the night of the 20th September 1777. (left side of monument) The atrocious massacre which this stone commemorates was perpetrated by British troops under the immediate command of Major General Grey. (back of monument) This memorial in honor of extraordinary Patriotism was erected September 20, 1817 by the . . . — Map (db m13444)
Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Site of the Paoli Massacre — 20 September 1777
		These Memorial Grounds commemorate the engagement in the Revolutionary War known as the Paoli Massacre, an attack by the British Army on American troops, that took place near this spot toward midnight of September 20, 1777. About 150 American soldiers were killed or wounded in this action in which the British used only bayonets. 53 of the Americans were buried here in a common grave, now surrounded by stone walls and capped with a monument erected in 1817. In a move to capture Philadelphia, . . . — Map (db m13505)
South Carolina (Greenville County), Greer — 23-33 — Early White Settlement / The Massacre of Jacob Hite
		[Marker Front]: Early White Settlement By 1768 Indian traders and land speculators Richard Pearis (d. 1794) and Jacob Hite of Virginia acquired large tracts from the Cherokees in present-day Greenville County. Though royal authorities disputed the validity of these titles, Pearis and Hite moved their families to this area between 1768 and 1775. [Marker Reverse]: The Massacre of Jacob Hite Jacob Hite settled nearby with his wife Frances Madison Hite and their . . . — Map (db m24254)
South Carolina (Greenwood County), Troy — 24-1 — Long Canes Massacre
		Three miles west is the site of an attack by Cherokee Indians upon settlers of Long Canes in the Cherokee war of 1759-1761. There on February 1, 1760, about 150 settlers, refugeeing to Augusta, were overtaken by 100 Cherokee warriors. Twenty-three victims left on the scene of action are there buried in one grave. — Map (db m9433)
South Carolina (Lancaster County), Buford — Buford's Massacre — May 29, 1780
		On this site, Col. Abraham Buford's force of about 350 American patriots, while returning to Hillsborough, N.C., following the fall of Charles Town, were overtaken by British troops commanded by Col. Banastre Tarelton, it is historically told that the patriots white flag of surrender was disregarded as Tarelton's forces massacred the Americans. 113 patriots killed and buried here in mass graves, 150 wounded, most of whom died within a few days, 53 captured, and only a few escaped on horse back . . . — Map (db m23890)
South Carolina (McCormick County), Troy — 33-12 — Long Canes Massacre
		Three miles west is the site of an attack by Cherokee Indians upon settlers of Long Canes in the Cherokee war of 1759-1761. There on February 1, 1760, about 150 settlers, refugeeing to Augusta, were overtaken by 100 Cherokee warriors. Twenty-three victims left on the scene of action are there buried in one grave. — Map (db m11640)
South Dakota (Shannon County), Wounded Knee — Massacre of Wounded Knee
		[Front side]: Dec. 29, 1890, Chief Big Foot, with his Minneconjou and Hunkpapa Sioux Band of 108 warriors, 250 women and children were encamped on this Flat, surrounded by the U.S. 7th Cavalry (470 soldiers) commanded by Col. Forsythe. The "Messiah Craze" possessed many Indians, who left the vicinity of Ind. Agencies to "Ghost Dance" during the summer and fall of 1890. "Unrest" on the Pine Ridge Reservation was partly due to the reduction of beef rations by Congress, and to the . . . — Map (db m7051)
Texas (Real County), Leakey — 4831 — Site of McLaurin Massacre — (Last Indian Raid in Frio Canyon)
		On April 19, 1881, Catherine "Kate" Ringer McLaurin (Sometimes McLauren) was with her three small children and 14-year old Allen Lease in the garden when a band of Lipan Apaches started to plunder her home. Lease, thinking there were pigs in the house, went to investigate the noise and was shot and killed. Catherine was also shot, dying hours later, but her children were unharmed. Maud, age 6, went for help because her father, Jouh McLaurin, was away. Neighbors gave chase for 70 miles before . . . — Map (db m24376)
Texas (Williamson County), Leander — Webster Massacre
		Here sleep the victims of the "Webster Massacre" of August 27, 1839. About thirty homeseekers headed by John Webster en route to what is now Burnet County, were attacked by a band of Comanche Indians. After attempting to flee under cover of darkness, they were trapped in this vicinity. Mrs. Webster and her two children were captured and later released. All the others were killed. Martha Webster then but three years old was later married to Marmaduke Strickland. (1936) — Map (db m20443)
Utah (Washington County), Central — The Mountain Meadows Massacre
		Led by Captains John T. Baker and Alexander Fancher, a California-bound wagon train from Arkansas camped in this valley in the late summer of 1857 during the time of the so-called Utah War. In the early morning hours of September 7th, a party of local Mormon settlers and Indians attacked and laid siege to the encampment. For reasons not fully understood, a contingent of territorial militia joined the attackers. This Iron County Militia consisted of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) acting on orders . . . — Map (db m14693)

Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Paoli
		Front of Monument: Sacred to the memory of the patriots who on this spot fell a sacrifice to British barbarity during the struggle for American Independence on the night of the 20th September 1777. Left Side of Monument: The atrocious massacre which this stone commemorates was perpetrated by British troops under the immediate command of Major General Grey. Back of Monument: Erected by the citizens of Chester and Delaware counties September 20, 1877, being the centennial . . . — Map (db m13399)

Missouri (Caldwell County), Braymer — Haun's Mill
		Southwest of here on October 30th, 1838, occurred the incident generally known as the Haun's Mill Massacre. This site located by Wm. R. Pemberton. This marker placed here by Glenn M. Setzer 1941 — Map (db m22502)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — A Night of “Savage Cruelty” — September 28, 1778
		The evening of September 27, 1778, found Baylor’s Dragoons settling for the night near this site. The neighborhood’s name, Overkill, came from the small bridge “Over de kill”, a kill being a creek or river to the Jersey Dutch settlers. It included the farmhouses and barns lying along the main road leading north to New York, and an old tannery, with its millstone and in-ground vats, along the river. The area was selected for its strategic location near where several roads . . . — Map (db m8454)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — Propaganda: The Mighty Pen
		The American army may have had trouble supplying its soldiers and keeping them fit for fighting, but in one way the Americans were superior: their propaganda writers were experts at whipping up anti-British feelings. An incident like the Baylor “Massacre,” an embarrassing defeat for Washington’s army, was a perfect subject for the Rebel press. “There is certain intelligence arrived this day in town that the brave Colonel Baylor, after being twice bayoneted, still . . . — Map (db m8474)

Colorado (Denver County), Denver — Colorado Soldier's Monument
		(West side): Colorado Territory - Organized February 28, 1861 Colorado Admitted as a State August 1, 1876 Census of Territory in 1861 - 23,331 War Governors William Gilpin Richard Ed Whitsitt Adjutant General 1861-1862 John Evans David H. Moffat, Jr. Adjutant General 1863-1865 Military Organizations in the Civil War First Colorado Infantry Later First Colorado Cavalry Col. John P. Slough Col. John M Chivington Second Colorado Infantry Col . . . — Map (db m4745)

Connecticut (New London County), Groton — Ye Ebenezer Avery House
		Shelter was afforded our wounded & dying soldiers within this house, after the massacre at Fort Griswold, Sept. 6, 1781. — Map (db m19046)

Indiana (Madison County), Pendleton — Three White Men Were Hung Here
		Three white men were hung here in 1825 for killing Indians. — Map (db m225)
New York (Rockland County), Tappan — Reformed Dutch Church of Tappan
		Organized 1694 Used as a military hospital and prison during the Revolution. The trials of Major John Andre as a spy, and of Joshua Heit Smith for treason, were held here in 1780. — Map (db m7375)
Ohio (Wood County), Pemberville — 15-87 — William Henry Harrison's Encampment
		During the War of 1812, Northwestern Army Commander General William Henry Harrison led troops through northwest Ohio on the way to Detroit and Ft. Malden in Michigan. After the decimation of General James Winchester's division at Frenchtown (Monroe, Michigan) by British and Indian forces, Harrison retreated and led his troops southward to the Portage River. Near this site, now the William Henry Harrison Park, Harrison's men waited for supplies and reinforcements, which were delayed due to heavy . . . — Map (db m20429)
Virginia (Page County), Luray — The Reverend John Roads (Rhodes)
		Died 1764. A Pioneer and Christian father, who with his wife and six of his thirteen children, was a victim of the last Indian massacre in Page County. — Map (db m792)

Maryland, Baltimore — Katyn Remembered
		When duty called they answered. When they refused the embrace of Stalin—they died. Now we commend them to the ages to be included amongst history’s martyrs. In 1939, the Soviet Union in league with Nazi Germany attacked Poland taking into captivity thousands of its defenders. In 1940, after first being individually interrogated for potential political reliability, more than 20,000 military officers were then, one by one, brutally murdered, many being buried in mass graves in . . . — Map (db m2422)

Indiana (Allen County), Fort Wayne — Site of Last French Fort
		Erected, 1750, by Captain Raimond Surrendered to the British under Lieutenant Butler in 1760. Ensign Richard Holmes and British garrison massacred by Miami Indians in 1763. The most severe engagement of battle between Gen. Josiah Harmar and Miamis under Little Turtle fought here, Oct. 22, 1790. — Map (db m21036)
Kansas (Douglas County), Lawrence — Free State Hotel
		This marks the site of the Free State Hotel erected in 1855 by the New England Emigrant Aid Society. Destroyed by Sheriff Jones and his posse May 21, 1856, and rebuilt by Col. Schaler W. Eldridge. Quantrill and his raiders destroyed Lawrence August 21, 1863, burned the hotel and massacred the citizens. Col. Eldridge restored the hotel which stood until 1926 when it was rebuilt by W.G. Hutson. — Map (db m20397)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Boston — Boston Common — Founded 1634
		Neighborhood of Revolution “Paul Revere . . . started on a ride which, in a way has never ended.” - Esther Forbes, author of the classic study, Paul Revere and the World He Lived In In the course of just two pivotal days – April 18 and 19, 1775 – the preceding years of unrest burst into insurrection. Paul and Rachel Revere, plus several of their sixteen children, lived in an old house in what is now Boston’s oldest neighborhood, the North End. Paul was a . . . — Map (db m19101)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Boston — The Freedom Trail
		Neighborhood of Revolution “Paul Revere . . . started on a ride which, in a way has never ended.” - Esther Forbes, author of the classic study, Paul Revere and the World He Lived In In the course of just two pivotal days – April 18 and 19, 1775 – the preceding years of unrest burst into insurrection. Paul and Rachel Revere, plus several of their sixteen children, lived in an old house in what is now Boston’s oldest neighborhood, the North End. Paul was a . . . — Map (db m19151)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Charlestown — The Freedom Trail
		Neighborhood of Revolution “Paul Revere . . . started on a ride which, in a way has never ended.” - Esther Forbes, author of the classic study, Paul Revere and the World He Lived In In the course of just two pivotal days – April 18 and 19, 1775 – the preceding years of unrest burst into insurrection. Paul and Rachel Revere, plus several of their sixteen children, lived in an old house in what is now Boston’s oldest neighborhood, the North End. Paul was a . . . — Map (db m19104)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — The British General
		In September 1778, British commanders sent huge foraging parties up both sides of the Hudson River, stripping the local farms of their autumn harvest and livestock. Washington’s forces in the area were seriously outnumbered, but he sent small bodies of soldiers to harass and gain intelligence on British troops. Among them were the Third Continental Light Dragoons under the command of Lt. Col. George Baylor. “No-Flint” Grey The British division commanded by General . . . — Map (db m8456)
New Jersey (Salem County), Hancocks Bridge — Hancock House — 1778
		In memory of those patriots who were massacred by the British in this house March 21, 1778 ---------- Erected by Oak Tree Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution Salem New Jersey 1903 — Map (db m21591)
New York (Washington County), Fort Edward — Memorial to Jane McCrea
		Memorial to Jane McCrea massacred near this spot by the Indians July 27, 1777. Erected by the Jane McCrea Chapter, D.A.R. 1901 — Map (db m9237)
Pennsylvania (Lancaster County), Conestoga — Conestoga Indian Town
		The Conestoga Indians lived in scattered settlements along this stream. They were the last of the once mighty Susquehannocks. Their final location was the Conestoga Indian Town which was along the road leading to Creswell. William Penn visited the Conestoga Indians in 1701. The remnants of this tribe were massacred by the Paxton boys in December 1763. — Map (db m5766)
Pennsylvania (Luzerne County), Wyoming — Battle of Wyoming — July 3, 1778
		The British battle line was formed almost parallel with and a little north of this street by Major John Butler, the commander, and Sayenqueraghta, chief of the Senecas. After advancing in formation for a mile to about 100 yards south of the British line, the Americans, led by Col. Zebulon Butler, were defeated and surrounded, and the large number captured were massacred that night by the Indians. Erected November 1950 by The American Legion and The Veterans of Foreign Wars of Exeter. — Map (db m10514)
Pennsylvania (Luzerne County), Wyoming — Battle of Wyoming Memorial
		Nearby on July 3, 1778, 300 patriots under Col. Zebulon Butler were defeated by 1100 British, Tories, and Indians with Maj. Gen. John Butler. Captives were massacred; survivors fled to Forty Fort. — Map (db m18895)
South Carolina (Pickens County), Clemson — Quercus lyrata (Overcup Oak)
		This tree is planted as a living memorial to the faculty and students who lost their lives in the April 16, 2007 tragedy at Virginia Tech. — Map (db m20565)
West Virginia (Berkeley County), Martinsburg — Fort Neally
		During the French and Indian War, Fort Neally was captured and its garrison massacred, Sept. 17, 1756. Many settlers in the vicinity also were killed. Among captives was Isabella Stockton, later wife of William McCleery, Morgantown. — Map (db m12790)
West Virginia (Randolph County), Beverly — Beverly
		Settled about 1753 by Robert Files and David Tygart. Files' family was massacred near by. Site of Westfall's Fort, 1774. In Mt. Iser Cemetery are the Union trenches and graves of Confederate soldiers killed in Battle of Rich Mountain. — Map (db m24579)

New York (Warren County), Queensbury — Half Way Brook — Fort Amherst — The Seven Mile Post
		So called because midway between Forts Edward and William Henry. From 1755 to 1780 it was the scene of many bloody skirmishes, surprises, and ambushes. Here the French and Indians inflicted two horrible massacres upon the English and Colonials, one in the summer of 1756 and the other in July 1758. Fort Amherst A noted military post, was midway between this marker and the brickyard. Its site was known locally as "The Garrison Grounds". The location was used as a fortified camp in . . . — Map (db m18477)
South Carolina (York County), Blacksburg — Liberty!
		Gunshots and the shouts of hundreds of men battered the slope you see just ahead as one of the fiercest battles of the American Revolution broke out. Every man here that day knew that the Carolina backcountry had burned and bled since May when the British landed on the coast. Unrelenting civil war had scourged the South with partisan plundering, bushwhacking, and brutal massacres-neighbor against rancorous neighbor, and fathers against sons. For the first time since Lexington and Concord, . . . — Map (db m17672)

Ontario (Middlesex County), London — London Women's Monument
		The London Women's Monument was dedicated on December 6, 1994. The 5th anniversary of the Montreal Massacre. It is a place to remember and reflect on violence, particularly violence against women, and all women and men who work to end it. — Map (db m18932)
Alabama (Blount County), Oneonta — Blount County — A County Older Than the State
		Created Feb. 7, 1818 by Alabama Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by the Creek Indian Nation. Named for the Tennessee Governor W. G. Blount, who sent militia under Andrew Jackson to punish the Creeks for Fort Mims massacre. Jackson fought and won the Creek War. Creek gave up half of their lands in Treaty of Ft. Jackson, 1814. Some of Jackson's men were first settlers of Blount. County seat moved here in 1889. — Map (db m24353)
California (Amador County), Drytown — Drytown
		Rich placer mining, 1850’s. Origin of town’s name: Lack of water in nearby creek to wash gold. Many Chinese laborers in fields & mines. East gateway to New Chicago, New Philadelphia, Amador City; Quartz mines: Fremont-Gover & Treasure (1867), Bunker Hill (1853); Scene of Rancheria Massacre (1855); Dynan Monument. — Map (db m10408)
California (Shasta County), Fall River Mills — 555 — Lockhart Ferry
		Established by Samuel Lockhart in 1856 as a link in the first wagon road from Yreka to Red Bluff, the Lockhart Ferry crossed below the confluence of the Fall and Pitt Rivers near this spot. After a massacre in December 1856, the ferry was re-established in 1857 below Fall River Falls. — Map (db m10292)
Connecticut (New London County), Groton — Col. William Ledyard
		On this spot Col. William Ledyard fell by his own sword in the hands of a British officer to whom he had surrendered in the massacre of Fort Griswold, Sept. 6, 1781. — Map (db m18048)
Connecticut (New London County), Groton — Groton Battle Monument
		The monument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut, A. D. 1830, and in the 55th year of the Independence of the U. S. A. in memory of the brave Patriots, who fell in the Massacre at Fort Griswold, near this spot, on the 6th of Sept. A. D. 1781, when the British, under the command of the traitor, Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton, and spread desolation and woe throughout this region. — Map (db m18050)
Connecticut (New London County), Groton — Site of Ye Ebenezer Avery House
		Shelterwas afforded our wounded and dying soldiers within this house after the massacre at Ft. Griswold Sept. 6, 1781 Moved in 1971 to Ft. Griswold State Battlefield Park — Map (db m19050)
Michigan (Monroe County), Monroe — First District Court
		Here in the log house of Jean Baptiste Jereaume the Federal Court of the Erie District, Territory of Michigan, held its first session July 3, 1805. President Thomas Jefferson named Judge Augustus B. Woodward to preside. Beginning in 1807 the Hesse District Court of Common Pleas also met here or across the river in Francois Navarre's home. Jereaume's home held wounded American prisoners of war during the Massacre at the River Raisin. In the bitter cold of January 23, 1813 Indian allies . . . — Map (db m20909)
Michigan (Monroe County), Monroe — Michigan's Tribute to Kentucky
		This Monument is dedicated to the Memory of the heroes who Lost their lives in our country's defense, in the Battle and Massacre of the River Raisin, January 22nd, and 23rd, 1813. — Map (db m20937)
Michigan (Monroe County), Monroe — Site of Battles of Jan. 18 - 22
		[Marker Front] Site of Battles of Jan. 18 - 22 Gen. Winchester in Command, and River Raisin Massacre Jan. 23, 1813 [Marker Reverse] 800 Americans under Cols. Allen, Lewis and Wells Fought desperately against 3000 British and Allies Under Gen. Proctor. Forced to surrender, Tho' Promised British protection, the prisoners left unguarded were attacked and killed by the Indians. — Map (db m20041)
Mississippi (Adams County), Natchez — Fort Rosalie
		On bluff to south stood Ft. Rosalie, established by the French in 1716. Became nucleus of settlements from which the Mississippi Territory was founded. Near this marker stood the French warehouse that was a center of bloodshed during the Natchez Massacre of 1729. Dedicated December 11, 1988 by the Mississippi State Society Daughters of the American Revolution Mrs. D. Kelly Love, State Regent — Map (db m5143)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — Gravesite
		Six soldiers of those killed in the Baylor Massacre were buried here in three abandoned tan vats. The vats were part of a small tan yard which existed here before the Revolution. The gravesite was discovered in 1967 and the soldiers were re-interred here in 1972. Placed by David Demarest Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution 1972 — Map (db m7875)
New York (Warren County), Lake George — Royal Sussex Regiment Memorial
		This plaque commemorates the memory of those officers, N.C.O.s and men of the 35th Regiment of Foot (now the Royal Sussex Regiment), their wives and families who lost their lives during the defence of Fort William Henry, and the subsequent massacre by hostile red Indians after the surrender and evacuation of the Fort in 1757. The Royal Sussex Regimental Association, Roussillon Barracks, Chichester, Sussex — Map (db m9043)
Ohio (Wyandot County), Crawford — C52 — Burning of Crawford
		One-half mile northeast, June 11, 1782, the Indians burned Col. Wm. Crawford at the stake, in revenge for massacre of the Christian Moravian Indians by Williamson's earlier expedition. — Map (db m20362)
Ohio (Wyandot County), Crawford — Crawford Memorial Park
		Dedicated in memory of Col. Wm. Crawford who was born in 1722, in what is now Berkeley County, West Virginia and was burned at the stake, one half mile northeast of here down in the valley, on June 11, 1782, by the Indians, in revenge for the massacre by Williamson's earlier expedition. — Map (db m20399)
Oregon (Clackamas County), Oregon City — Peter Skene Ogden House
		400 feet south of this marker stood the home of Peter Skene Ogden Chief Factor of Hudson's Bay Co. and rescuer of the survivors of the Whitman Massacre. — Map (db m8714)
Pennsylvania (Lancaster County), Lancaster — Colonel Matthias Slough — 1733-1812
		Officer in Revolutionary War Member of General Assembly Coroner who presided at inquest of Paxton Massacre Proprietor of White Swan Tavern Member of St. James Church — Map (db m5212)
Pennsylvania (Lancaster County), Lancaster — Edward Shippen — 1703 - 1781
		Chairman of Committee of Correspondence During American Revolution Chief Burgess of Lancaster at time of Paxton Massacre Judge of the County Court One of Founders and a Trustee of Princeton University Grandfather of Peggy, wife of Benedict Arnold Vestryman of St. James Church — Map (db m5207)
Pennsylvania (Luzerne County), Forty Fort — Forty Fort
		Named for the forty Connecticut settlers of 1769. Begun in 1770. The Wyoming Massacre followed its surrender to Maj. Butler's force of British, Tories, and Indians, July 4, 1779. — Map (db m18850)
Pennsylvania (Luzerne County), Wilkes-Barre — Wilkes-Barre
		Laid out 1770 by a group of Connecticut settlers, on land claimed by that state. Seat of "County of Westmoreland," erected 1776. Near here took place the Wyoming Massacre, 1778, and the "Pennamite Wars" of 1769-72 and 1784. — Map (db m19060)
Pennsylvania (Pike County), Lords Valley — Wyoming-Minisink Path
		The highway here follows closely the route of the Delaware Indian trail from Minisink Island to Wyoming. Refugees from the Massacre of Wyoming, 1778, camped by the “boiling” spring, which may be seen in the woods a few yards SW of here. — Map (db m23643)
Pennsylvania (York County), York — Colonel Thomas Hartley
		On this site was the house of Col. Thomas Hartley, first congressman from York County. In 1777, he was prominent in the defense of Philadelphia; led an expedition to avenge the wyoming Massacre in 1778. — Map (db m4566)
South Carolina (Laurens County), Clinton — 30-3 — Providence Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
		The cemetery located about 1/2 mile SW, marks the original site of the church, founded Sept. 10, 1836. Buried here is William Blakely, Sr., survivor of Hayes Station Massacre, 1871, who with Samuel Blakely donated the land for the church and cemetery. The congregation moved to Clinton about 1902. — Map (db m12030)
Tennessee (Davidson County), Goodlettsville — 3A 14 — Mansker’s Station
		Here, near Mansker’s Lick, Casper Mansker established a station of the Cumberland Settlements in 1780. The road connecting with Nashboro was built in 1781. John Donelson and his family moved here after abandoning his Clover Bottom Station, following the 1780 massacre. A great game trail ran northeast from the Lick. — Map (db m2375)
Texas (Fayette County), West Point — Site of Woods' Fort
		Used by colonists of this vicinity as a protection against Indian attacks 1828-1842 fortified residence of Zadock Woods veteran of the War of 1812 One of the old "Three Hundred" of Austin's colonists Oldest man killed in the "Dawson Massacre" September 18, 1842 — Map (db m20082)
Virginia (Isle of Wight County), Smithfield — K 238 — Old Town
		Half a mile north, stood the Warrascoyack Indian village. Captain John Smith obtained corn there for the starving colonists in 1608. The Warrascoyacks took part in the massacre of 1622 and their village was destroyed in 1623. In 1680, Old Town was established. — Map (db m18655)
Virginia (Northampton County), Eastville — Debdeavon
		"Laughing King of Accomacke Emperor of the Easterne Shoare King of the Great Nussawattocks" A gallant warrior and a loyal friend to the early settlers of the Eastern Shore. His timely warning to the colonists of an intended uprising in 1621, saved them from annihilation in the massacre of 1622. — Map (db m7591)
West Virginia (Berkeley County), Darkesville — Darkesville
		Named for Gen. William Darke, veteran of the Revolution and the Indian wars. He saves the remnants of St. Clair’s army from massacre in 1791 when badly defeated by the Miami Indians. His son Capt. Joseph Darke, lost his life. — Map (db m1979)

California (Butte County), Oroville — 809 — The Last Yahi Indian
		For thousands of years the Yahi Indians roamed the foothills between Mt. Lassen and the Sacramento Valley. Settlement of this region by the White Man brought death to the Yahi by gun, by disease, and by hunger. By the turn of the century only a few remained. Ishi, the last known survivor of these people, was discovered at this site in 1911. His death in 1916 brought an end to stone age California. — Map (db m17743)

California (Lake County), Upper Lake — 427 — Bloody Island (Bo-no-po-ti)
		One-fourth mile west is the island called Bo-no-po-ti (Old Island), now Bloody Island. It was a place for native gatherings until May 15, 1850. On that date, a regiment of the 1st Dragoons of the U.S. Cavalry, commanded by Capt. Nathaniel Lyon and Lt. J.W. Davidson, massacred nearly the entire native population of the island. Most were women and children. This act was in reprisal for the killing of Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone who had long enslaved, brutalized, and starved indigenous people . . . — Map (db m1190)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Boston — Boston Common — Founded 1634
		The Common an Historic Overview In 1634, only four years after John Winthrop and the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony settled the Shawmut Peninsula and created the town of Boston, these colonists bought a 48-acre tract of land on the lower slopes of Beacon Hill. Purchased from Reverend William Blackstone, an Anglican hermit who had been the area’s sole inhabitant for nearly a decade, the land was immediately set aside as an English-style “commonage,” or common area for . . . — Map (db m19160)
New York (Washington County), Fort Edward — Sixteen Soldiers
		This monument is erected to commemorate the sacrifice of the lives of Sixteen Soldiers who were massacred July, 1758, by a band of hostile Indians in the park which was then only a path in the wilderness. The sixteen soldiers, with a teamster, a certain John Quackendoss of Albany, N.Y. who through the intervention of an Indian Squaw escaped the cruel death, were securely bound and seated on the trunk of a fallen tree. In this helpless condition they were put to death by one of the Indians armed . . . — Map (db m9341)
Ohio (Lucas County), Maumee — Fallen Timbers Battle Monument
		(Front) The Greenville Treaty To General Anthony Wayne who organized the “Legion of the United States” by order of President Washington and defeated Chief Little Turtle’s warriors here at Fallen Timbers August 20, 1794. This victory led to the Treaty of Greenville, August 3, 1795. Which opened much of the present state of Ohio to white settlers. (Right Side) Indian Warfare In memory of the white settlers massacred 1783-1794 (Left Side) . . . — Map (db m8175)
Virginia (Fairfax County), Lorton — E 80 — Indian Attack
		To the east, on Dogue Neck, "Certain Unknown Indians" attacked the house of Thomas Barton about 3:00 P.M. on Sunday, 16 June 1700, killing eight persons with "arrowes & Wooden Tommahawkes." The neighboring Piscataway Indians denied making the attack and blamed the Wittowees. The Indians involved probably were angered by colonial encroachment on their land and may have been encouraged by the French. Lt. Col. George Mason wrote Gov. Francis Nicholson that "this murder was the Horrablest that ever . . . — Map (db m203)

Virginia, Hopewell — City Point, Virginia
		8000 B.C. Indian occupancy. 1613 Sir Thomas Dale establishes area as “Bermuda Cittie.” 1619 Name changes to Charles City Point. 1621 Rev. Patrick Copeland plans to build free public school, financed by the East India Company. 1622 The Indian Massacre virtually destroys the town and several years pass before resettlement. Public school plans never materialize. The massacre survivors from Charles City Point flee to Shirley Hundred. 1623 Charles City Point, which was . . . — Map (db m19605)

Florida (Hillsborough County), Ybor City — Historic Fort King Trail
		The Old Military Road connecting Ft. Brooke (Tampa) and Ft. King (Ocala) ran through this vicinity. On Dec. 23, 1835, Maj. Francis L. Dade set out over the Trail with a detachment of 109 soldiers to reinforce the small garrison of Ft. King. On the morning of Dec. 28, 1835, Chief Alligator, leading the Seminoles and Maroons, ambushed the Dade Expedition near Bushnell. Only three survived. The Dade Massacre, planned by the fiery Osceola marked the beginning of the Second Seminole War. — Map (db m8980)
Michigan (Monroe County), Monroe — Death of Capt. Woolfolk
		The American Capt. John Woolfolk hid in one of the French homes just east of here during the massacre at the River Raisin, Jan. 23, 1813. Indians searching the settlement found him. They claimed him as their prisoner and forced him to this spot. Powerless, the local French watched as Woolfolk's offer of $1,000.00 for safe passage to the British in Detroit was spurned by the Indians. They shot him and left his body lying in the road. Although the French settlers could not help Woolfolk, . . . — Map (db m20882)
Michigan (Monroe County), Monroe — Memorial Place
		Here were buried unidentified remains of victims of the River Raisin Massacre of 1813. In 1872 surviving veterans of that war gathered in Monroe from Ohio and Kentucky. They headed a colorful civic pageant which halted solemnly at this spot while the old soldiers paid military honor to their fallen comrades. General George A. Custer, a member of the local welcoming committee, read the roll call of the veterans. In 1904-05 the ladies of the Monroe Civic improvement Society induced city . . . — Map (db m21006)
Missouri (Caldwell County), Breckenridge — Haun's Millstone Commemorative Marker
		Mill Stone believed to be from Haun's Mill (1836- ca. 1845) This relic represents a tragic episode in American Religious history. A testament to an enduring need for greater understanding and tolerance between peoples of differing ideologies, including religious beliefs and cultural backgrounds. As a result of miscommunication and feelings of powerlessness to effect change in the wake of what they saw as offensive Mormon military actions in Daviess County, Livingston County Regulators and . . . — Map (db m22564)
New York (Montgomery County), Canajoharie — Van Alstyne Homestead
		Built 1749 By Martin J. Van Alstyne 16 of 31 Meetings of Tryon County Safety Committee Held Here 1774-75 General Nicholas Herkimer Received Commission As Brig. Gen Here 1775 — Map (db m22527)
New York (Warren County), Lake George — Adirondack Forest Preserve — Lake George Battlefield Park
		At a junction along one of the most historic water routes in America, connecting the Hudson River to Lake Champlain, this site witnessed military engagements during both the French and Indian War (1755-1763) and the American Revolution (1775-1783). This park encompasses the sites of several bloody actions, including the 1755 Battle of Lake George, the siege of the entrenched camp by the Marquis de Montcalm’s army in 1757 and the subsequent “massacre” following the surrender of Fort . . . — Map (db m16115)
Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — This Wall
		This wall reconstructed in 1964 under the supervision of Raymond S. Cox and J. Gilmore Wilson. The wall contains some stones taken from the old foundations of the Ezekial Bowen log cabin which was standing and occupied by some American officers on the night of the “Paoli Massacre” September 20, 1777, this cabin being located about ½ mi. east of this cemetery. The wall and top were reproduced as near as possible with the original documentary evidence after considerable research . . . — Map (db m16348)
Pennsylvania (Luzerne County), Wyoming — Battlefield of Wyoming
		Between 4 and 5 o'clock in the afternoon of July 3, 1778, an American force of about 300 men, led by Col. Zebulon Butler, Col. Nathan Denison, Lieut. Col. George Dorrance and Major Jonathan Garrett formed in line of battle east and west of this spot, then advanced in a northerly direction about a mine and attacked some 700 British and Indians, but were driven back beyond this point and of the Americans engaged more than half of them were slain in the battle and in the massacre that followed. . . . — Map (db m10515)
South Carolina (Berkeley County), Cainhoy — 8-13 — St. Thomas Church
		The Parish of St. Thomas was established by Act of Assembly Nov. 30, 1706. The first church was erected in 1708 and destroyed by forest fire in 1815. The present ediface was erected in 1819. — Map (db m23368)
South Carolina (Lancaster County), Buford — Buford Battleground
		[Front] In order that all may continue to share the sentiments of that group of patriotic citizens of Lancaster County who erected a monument here on June 2, 1860 the inscriptions of this memorial are the same as those on the original monument. [Rear] Erected to the memory and in honor of the brave and patriotic American soldiers who fell in the battle which occurred at this place on the 29th of May, 1780 between Col. Abraham Buford who commanded a regiment of 350 . . . — Map (db m23888)
Wisconsin (Douglas County), Superior — Old Stockade Site
		The Sioux uprising in Minnesota during the Summer of 1862, culminating in the New Ulm Massacre, caused great alarm in Superior. A Committee of Safety was chosen, a Home Guard organized, and a stockade built on the bay shore here. An inventory of all firearms in Superior revealed a total of 60 shotguns, rifles and pistols. The state sent 192 muskets and 2 cannon. To assist the Home Guard, the Governor sent a company of Wisconsin soldiers that had been captured by the Confederates at Shiloh and . . . — Map (db m21272)
Wisconsin (Waupaca County), Marion — 73 — Chief Waupaca
		Chief Waupaca, better known as Sam Wapuka, was a friendly Potawatomi Indian who lived in this vicinity about the time the first white men arrived. Although he was friendly to the settlers, his tribesmen were bitterly opposed to the invasion of the white man. Once on a trip with several of his warriors, they stopped where the present city of Waupaca is located. His men were eager to massacre the entire small settlement and Waupaca talked long and eloquently to prevent it. He succeeded but when . . . — Map (db m20634)

Minnesota (Roseau County), Warroad — Fort St. Charles
		Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de La Verendrye, established Fort St. Charles on Lake of the Woods in 1732. A daring soldier, fir trader, and explorer, La Verendrye had the ambitious dream of finding the fabled "Western Sea" and sought to establish French outposts along the way. On Magnuson's Island (then connected with the mainland) he built a palisaded fort which he named in honor of Charles de Beauharnois, governor of New France. Fort St. Charles became the western capital of the . . . — Map (db m8375)
Nebraska (Garden County), Lisco — Narcissa Whitman
		Narcissa Whitman, trail-blazer and martyred missionary, is one of the great heroines of the frontier West. In 1836 she and Eliza Spalding, following the north side of the Platte on horseback, became the first white women to cross the American continent. The Protestant “Oregon Mission” was composed of Dr. Marcus Whitman, Rev. Henry Spalding, their new brides, and William Gray. They traveled from New York to Otoe Indian Agency (Bellevue, Nebraska), then joined an American Fur . . . — Map (db m18178)
Pennsylvania (Dauphin County), Harrisburg — The Marcus Reno Residence and Governors’ Home
		In the house at 223 N. Front Street lived two 19th Century Pennsylvania Governors, William Bigler (1852-1855) and James Pollock (1855-1858). Also here resided U.S. Army Major Marcus Reno, the controversial survivor of the Battle of Little Big Horn, site of "Custer's Last Stand." Jacob Haldeman, early Harrisburg industrialist and founder of the Borough of New Cumberland, built the Federal-styled house circa 1841-1845 for his daughter and son-in-law, Robert Ross, who has risen through the ranks . . . — Map (db m6330)

Florida (Orange County), Edgewood — F-483 — Site of Fort Gatlin
		On November 9, 1838, during the Second Seminole Indian War (1835-42), the U.S. Army established Fort Gatlin in Mosquito County. This fort was named for Army Assistant Surgeon John S. Gatlin (1806-1835), who was killed in the Dade Massacre in 1835. The site of the fort was chosen as a military outpost due to its strategic position overlooking three lakes and because the area was frequented by Native Americans led by Seminole Chief King Philip and his son Coacoochee. The fort served the state . . . — Map (db m6912)
Georgia (Chatham County), Savannah — 025-27 — Old Sorrel–Weed House
		A fine example of Greek Revival style, this building (completed in 1840 from the plans of Charles B. Cluskey, a well-known Georgia architect) shows the distinguished trend of Savannah architecture during the first half of the 19th century. The Mediterranean villa influence reflects the French background of the original owner, Francis Sorrel (1793- 1870), a shipping merchant of Savannah who as a child was saved by a faithful slave from the massacre of the white colonists in St. Domingo. The . . . — Map (db m5628)
Iowa (Mitchell County), Carpenter — Fort Severson
		Built in 1867 by Nils Severson on his land with help of neighbor's using limestone and mortar of lime & sand from Deer Creek. Severson's design was a typical fort with small openings for rifles and larger openings for gatling guns. The Spirit Lake Massacre and uprising at New Ulm Minnesota prompted the building of forts across North Iowa. This is the only one left standing. Although Indians never came there were some scares. Settlers would come from as far as ten miles to stay here. The . . . — Map (db m9547)
Nebraska (Dawes County), Chadron — 42 — Bordeaux Trading Post
		From about 1846 until 1872, an Indian "trading house" occupied a site near here. Built by James Bordeaux, the trading station was once attacked and set afire by hostile Crow warriors. Fortunately, some friendly Sioux Indians came to the rescue and drove off the attacking Crow. James Bordeaux was from a French settlement near St. Louis and while yet a young boy, he went west with fur traders. Bordeaux was active in the fur trade in the vicinity of Fort Laramie from the 1830's until the . . . — Map (db m4529)
Nebraska (Garden County), Lewellen — Ash Hollow
		Ash Hollow was famous on the Oregon Trail. A branch of the trail ran northwestward from the Lower California Crossing of the South Platte River a few miles west of Brule, and descended here into the North Platte Valley. The hollow, named for a growth of ash trees, was entered by Windlass Hill to the south. Wagons had to be eased down its steep slope by ropes. Ash Hollow with its water, wood and grass was a welcome relief after the arduous trip from the South Platte and the travelers . . . — Map (db m2503)
New Jersey (Bergen County), River Vale — The Price of Freedom: A Patriot’s Grave
		The Aftermath Imagine the scene in the early morning daylight of the morning of September 28, 1778 at Overkill: . American soldiers were dead, wounded and missing. Some escaped, others were British captives. . Major Charles Clough lay dying. . Col. Baylor, seriously injured, was a prisoner of his attackers. Although, as an officer, he was to receive the treatment due a gentleman, including a doctor to see to his wounds. .Members of the local militia unit were burying the dead. As today . . . — Map (db m8472)
New Jersey (Salem County), Hancocks Bridge — Old Bridges at this Location — Hancocks Bridge and the Revolution War
		Old Bridges at this Location The first bridge across Alloways Creek at this location was built by John Hancock and others in 1709 and was known as Hancocks Bridge. The same year (1709) two other bridges were built across Alloways Creek, one at Alloway, known as Thompson’s Bridge, and the other at Quinton, often referred to as Quinton’s Bridge. Various other wooden bridges were built and rebuilt to replace the original bridge at this location. The last wooden bridge being built in 1847 by . . . — Map (db m21606)
New York (New York County), New York — John Street Church — Heritage Trail
		John Street Church is the oldest Methodist Society in continental America and is the mother church of American Methodism. The Society was organized in New York in 1766 by Philip Embury, and ardent Irish Methodist and former Wesleyan preacher who settled here in the seventeen-sixties. The society rented the upper story of “The Old Rigging Loft” in 1767, a space sometimes used for rigging sails, located on the eastern side of William Street between John and Fulton streets. Embry was . . . — Map (db m19721)
Ohio (Ashland County), Perrysville — 4-3 — Greentown Delaware Village
		A migration of Indians throughout Ohio began due to unstable conditions created by the American Revolution. The massacre of Christian Indians at the Moravian mission of Gnadenhutten in 1782 and Colonel William Crawford’s expedition against Wyandot and Delaware towns along the Sandusky fueled insecurities. Delaware, including a small group of Mingo Indians, abandoned the village of Helltown, five miles southwest of this site, and settled Greentown as early as 1783. Greentown, situated on an . . . — Map (db m1340)
Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — Malvern Memorial Parade
		In 1817, nearly 40 years after the Revolutionary War, the first parade commemorating the anniversary of the Paoli Massacre was held. More than 400 volunteer troops participated “in a slow solemn march.” Three years after the Civil War ended, on May 5, 1868, an organization of former Union soldiers and sailors – the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) – established Decoration Day as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the war dead with flowers. The first large . . . — Map (db m13680)
Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — The Paoli Battlefield
		The Battle of Paoli, also called “The Paoli Massacre”, occurred at midnight on September 20-21, 1777. After their defeat at Brandywine on September 11, Washington’s forces retreated toward Philadelphia, regrouped, and returned to Chester County. On September 16, they confronted Howe’s British army in nearby Goshen, only to have a rainstorm prevent another battle. Washington withdrew from this “Battle of the Clouds” to northern Chester County to resupply, while Howe moved . . . — Map (db m13506)
Pennsylvania (Chester County), Malvern — The Paoli Memorial Association
		Since 1896, the 22-acre tract that is the final resting place for the victims of the Paoli Massacre has been under the watchcare and protection of the Paoli Memorial Association. In 1896, a small group of citizens petitioned the Court of Chester County to assume care for the burial site and received a charter as The Paoli Memorial Association, a perpetual corporation to hold, improve, and preserve the land. While the grounds are within the Borough of Malvern, the entire tract is privately . . . — Map (db m13664)
South Carolina (Beaufort County), Beaufort — Beaufort County, South Carolina — Exploration and Settlement
		1520 - 1711 In 1520 the Spaniard, Francisco Gordillo, sailing from Hispaniola, stopped near Port Royal Sound long enough to call the place Santa Elena. Fourty-two years later, in 1562, Jean Ribaut and his French Huguenots named the region Port Royal and attempted a colony on Parris Island. It survived a year. Alarmed by the French intrusion, the Spanish in 1566, built Fort San Phillipe which was destroyed following an Indian massacre and replaced by the larger San Marcos . . . — Map (db m5886)
Virginia, Newport News — Newport News — 1607 - 1957
		This area was blessed with abundant springs famous to mariners for centuries after the great sea captain Christopher Newport visited here enroute to Jamestown in May 1607 in command of the first permanent English settlers of the New World. Thus began the great ports of Hampton Roads. First called Point Hope, it became Newport News between 1608 and 1619 and is the oldest English place name of any city in America. The name derives by tradition from the news received here of Captain Newport on . . . — Map (db m16568)

Virginia (Shenandoah County), Strasburg — Frontier Fort — The Old Hupp Homestead
		This Frontier Fort stands in mute evidence of that early American history that has gone before us. It was built around the year 1755, and it was home of one of the first settlers to the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Built at a time when the early pioneers were striving for their very existence, wresting homes from the raw wilderness, raising their families and clearing the land for cultivation. There was also the need for constant vigilance against the small bands of roving Indians who at . . . — Map (db m660)

Ohio (Wood County), Perrysburg — Fort Meigs — 1813
		[Marker Front]: Fort Meigs 1813 [Marker Reverse]: In recognition of the services of the gallant men who defended their country on this spot. — Map (db m19267)

Maryland (Washington County), Sharpsburg — "Back Boys, For God's Sake Move Back;" — "You Are In A Bad Fix"
		Gen. Edwin Vose Sumner, Union Second Corps Commander (1) As the battle shifted away from the Cornfield, Gen. John Sedwick's division of Federal troops, personally led by corps commander Gen. Edwin Sumner, advanced from the East Woods. Sumner's plan was to move into the West Woods, hit the Confederates in the flank and drive them toward Sharpsburg. Over 5,000 Union soldiers marched out of the East Woods and headed toward the West Woods at 9:15 a.m. (2) Along with other Confederate forces, . . . — Map (db m20659)
Massachusetts (Suffolk County), Boston — Welcome to Granary Burying Ground
		Welcome to Granary Burying Ground, one of the oldest historic sites in Boston! Famous, infamous, and unknown Bostonians are buried here. Men, women, children, Puritans, Anglicans, Catholics, English, French, Africans, patriots, Tories, printers, goldsmiths, merchants, and scavengers were all laid to rest in Granary. Seventeenth-century Putitans John Endecott (Sign #5) and Samuel Sewall (Sign #6) rest here, as do revolutionaries Samuel Adams (Sign #2), John Hancock (Sign #7), . . . — Map (db m18769)

Kansas (Douglas County), Baldwin City — The Battle of Black Jack
		(Left marker):The Battle of Black Jack "Civil War in Kansas!" "Let not the knives of pro-slavery men be sheathed while there is one abolitionist in the Territory." Squatter, Sovereign, proslavery newspaper in Atchison, Kansas Territory, June 10, 1856 On this site at dawn on June 2, 1856, the abolitionist John Brown led a free-state militia, with co-commander Samuel Shore, in attacking the camp of a proslavery force led by Henry Clay Pate. The clash was the first pitched battle . . . — Map (db m20051)
Tennessee (Henderson County), Parkers Crossroads — Nathan Bedford Forrest — July 13, 1821 - October 29, 1877
		(Front of Kiosk): Nathan Bedford Forrest was one of the Civil War's greatest cavalry generals. His ferocity as a warrior and his claim to have slain one more enemy soldier in personal combat than the 29 horses killed beneath him made him a legend. Forrest, more than most, understood that "war means fighting and fighting means killing." A Frontier Boyhood Named for his grandfather and the county of his birth, Nathan Bedford Forrest was a product of the rough and violent Southern . . . — Map (db m20506)

Maryland (Anne Arundel County), Annapolis — Maryland World War II Memorial
		[Marker Panel No. 1]: Introduction With their lives before them, they left everything – their families, their loved ones, the serenity and security of their homes – to fight for a just cause. They departed on a journey to places they had never heard of to confront dangers they could not imagine – and never wavered or faltered in their duty. [Marker Panel No. 2]: Dedication This memorial is dedicated to the men and women of Maryland who served . . . — Map (db m14703)

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