| Maryland, Baltimore — Baltimore Regional Trail — A House Divided |
| | War on the Chesapeake Bay. During the Civil War, Baltimore and its environs exemplified the divided loyalties of Maryland's residents. The city had commercial ties to the South as well as the North, and its secessionist sympathies erupted in violence on April 19, 1861, when pro-Confederate mobs attacked Massachusetts troops en route to Washington, D.C. Because of Baltimore's strategic importance, President Abraham Lincoln acted swiftly, stationing Federal troops in the city and jailing . . . — Map (db m710) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Baltimore Riot Trail — Last Shots at Camden Station |
| | Baltimore – A House Divided (Preface):On April 19, 1861, Confederate sympathisers attacked the 6th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment as it changed trains en route to Washington, which the secessionists hoped to isolate. To learn more about the Baltimore Riot, the city’s role in the Civil War, and railroad history, please visit the Baltimore Civil War Museum—President Street Station, at the corner of President and Fleet Streets. Open daily 10 a.m.–5 p.m.
Part of . . . — Map (db m711) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Baltimore Riot Trail — Death at President Street Station |
| | Baltimore – A house Divided
In 1861, as the Civil War began, Baltimore secessionists hoped to stop rail transportation to Washington and isolate the national capital. On April 19, the 6th Massachusetts Regiment arrived here at the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad’s President Street Station at 10 a.m. en route with other troops to Washington to answer President Abraham Lincoln’s call for 75,000 volunteers to counter the “rebellion.” Because of . . . — Map (db m2418) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Baltimore Riot Trail — "Keep back ... or I Shoot" |
| | Baltimore - A House Divided On April 19, 1861, Confederate sympathizers attacked the 6th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment as it changed trains en route to Washington, which the secessionists hoped to isolate. To learn more about the Baltimore Riot, the city's role in the Civil War, and railroad history, please visit the Baltimore Civil War Museum - President Street Station, at the corner of President and Fleet Streets. Open daily 10 a.m - 5 p.m.
A stone-throwing secessionist . . . — Map (db m6151) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Baltimore Riot Trail — Combat on Pratt Street — Baltimore – A House Divided |
| |
(Preface):On April 19, 1861, Confederate sympathizers attacked the 6th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment as it changed trains en route to Washington, which the secessionists hoped to isolate. To learn more about the Baltimore Riot, the city’s role in the Civil War, and railroad history, please visit the Baltimore Civil War Museum—President Street Station, at the corner of President and Fleet Streets. Open daily 10 a.m.–5 p.m. When Capt. Albert S. Follansbee’s four companies . . . — Map (db m6206) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Baltimore Riot Trail — Flag Waving at Fawn Street — Baltimore – A House Divided |
| | (Preface): On April 19, 1861, Confederate sympathizers attacked the 6th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment as it changed trains en route to Washington, which the secessionists hoped to isolate. To learn more about the Baltimore Riot, the city’s role in the Civil War, and railroad history, please visit the Baltimore Civil War Museum—President Street Station, at the corner of President and Fleet Streets. Open daily 10 a.m.–5 p.m. Capt. Albert S. Follansbee quickly ran into . . . — Map (db m6208) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Baltimore Riot Trail — Barricade at Jones Falls Bridge — Baltimore – A House Divided |
| | (Preface): On April 19, 1861, Confederate sympathizers attacked the 6th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment as it changed trains en route to Washington, which the secessionists hoped to isolate. To learn more about the Baltimore Riot, the city’s role in the Civil War, and railroad history, please visit the Baltimore Civil War Museum—President Street Station, at the corner of President and Fleet Streets. Open daily 10 a.m.–5 p.m. While Capt. Albert S. Follansbee waited at . . . — Map (db m6209) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Camp Carroll — From Plantation to Federal Camp |
| | This land was part of a 2,568-acre tract named Georgia Plantation, that Charles Carroll purchased in 1732. By 1760, his son Charles Carroll, a lawyer, had constructed a Georgian summer home, Mount Clare. the Carroll family lived here until 1852.
In April 1861, in the first bloodshed of the Civil War, a crowd of Confederate sympathizers in Baltimore attacked the 6th Massachusetts Infantry as it passed through the city en rout to Washington. By summer the U.S. Army had established camps . . . — Map (db m2537) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Church Home and Hospital — “I am a Massachusetts woman” |
| | Church Home and Hospital, formerly Washington Medical college, was where Edgar Allan Poe died on October 7, 1849, and where many doctors were trained who served in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. On April 19, 1861, Adeline Blanchard Tyler, Episcopal Church deaconess and nursing instructor, was working here when a friend summoned her to the Holliday Street police station. The Baltimore Riot had just occurred and wounded 6th Massachusetts Infantry soldiers had been taken . . . — Map (db m2427) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Crimea Mansion — The Arrest of Ross Winans |
| | On May 11, 1861, Union Gen. Benjamin F. Butler's troops occupied the railroad depot southwest of Baltimore at Relay, where a spur of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's main line turned south to Washington. The seizure of Relay yielded a surprise triumph in the capture of the "Winans Artillery Gun," a rapid-fire steam-powered cannon invented by Ross Winans, before Confederate forces could move it to Harpers Ferry. Winans, a wealthy railroad pioneer well known for his Southern sympathies, often . . . — Map (db m6403) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Druid Hill — Strategic Union Encampment |
| | Within a year of the April 1861 Baltimore Riots, the first of several U.S. Army camps and fortifications began encircling Druid Hill, and important location high above the city and adjacent to the Northern Central Railroad. The 114th and 150th New York Infantry Regiments occupied Camp Belger (Fort No. 5) here, named for Col. James Belger, quartermaster for of the Middle Department headquartered in Baltimore , March 1862. At least fifteen regiments eventually encamped here near the intersection . . . — Map (db m7594) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — Federal Hill — Building the Fort |
| | On the evening of May 13, 1861, U.S. General Benjamin E. Butler’s troops occupied Federal Hill and brought their guns to bear on Baltimore. For the next four years the hill, garrisoned by 10 different regiments, served as a strategic Union strong point to control the pro-Southern elements of Baltimore’s population.
The 5th New York Volunteer Infantry pitched its tents here on July 27. Led by Col. Abram Duryee, the unit was outfitted in colorful Zouave uniforms: a tasseled fez, short . . . — Map (db m2560) |
| Maryland, Baltimore — USS Constellation — Flagship of the Anti-Slave Trade |
| | Though the Civil War was a period of great innovation for the navy, with widespread use of steam power and the innovation of ironclads there was still a place in the fleet for sailing ships. Built at the Gosport yard in Portsmouth, Virginia, in 1854, USS Constellation was the flagship of the anti-slave trade African Squadron when the Civil War began in April 1861. The following month it made one of the first captures for the Union when it took the slaver Triton of Charleston, . . . — Map (db m6153) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Clarysville — Clarysville General Hospital — Center for Healing |
| | The Clarysville Inn once stood in front of you to the right. In this tavern, and in a complex of buildings constructed around it, the United States established a general hospital during the Civil War. On March 6, 1862, U.S. soldiers commandeered the inn and began to fill it with their sick an wounded comrades who had been crowded into filthy, badly lit, and poorly ventilated buildings in Cumberland. Following the construction of wards and other structures, this hospital complex provided medical . . . — Map (db m441) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Cresaptown — Brady's Crossing — Partisan Ranger Raid |
| | In the early morning darkness on February 21, 1865, Lt. Jesse McNeill and his 66 Partisan Rangers (Confederate guerrillas) descended Knobly Mountain and stopped briefly at the residence of Felix R. Seymour, a Southern sympathizer. They then forded the icy waters of the North Branch of the Potomac River and drew a halt at Samuel D. Brady’s house just north of here. Brady was a wealthy farmer, a large landowner, and, like Seymour, a Confederate supporter. His son, John, who had just arrived from . . . — Map (db m4680) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Cumberland — Civil War in Allegany County — Strategic Location |
| | During the Civil War, thousands of
United States soldiers were stationed
here in Cumberland and Allegany
County to guard against raids and
incursions by Confederate forces.
Located only about 130 miles from
the capital at Washington. D.C.,
and a short march from Winchester,
Virginia, and Romney, West Virginia,
at the lower end of the Shenandoah
Valley, this area was strategically important to both sides in the conflict. Here in Cumberland was the
western terminus of the . . . — Map (db m1049) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Cumberland — Cumberland — Strategic Center |
| | In 1860, Cumberland was a small town of 7,302 residents, most of whom lived in the valley of Will’s Creek. The town was an important stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. When the Civil War began in 1861, some residents supported the United States and others the Confederacy. Outright dissention ceased when Union forces garrisoned the town in June. Cumberland soon became the administrative center for the defense of the western section . . . — Map (db m14038) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Cumberland — Cumberland — Strategic Center |
| | In 1860, Cumberland was a small town of 7,302 residents, most of whom lived in the valley of Will’s Creek. The town was an important stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. When the Civil War began in 1861, some residents supported the United States and others the Confederacy. Outright dissension ceased when Union forces garrisoned the town in June.
Cumberland soon became the administrative center for the defense of the western . . . — Map (db m17674) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Cumberland — Folck's Mill — Confederate Raid |
| | Late in July 1864, Confederate Gen. John C. McCausland led his two cavalry brigades (about 2,800 men) northward into Pennsylvania and Maryland to capture Chambersburg and Cumberland and either collect a ransom or burn the towns. McCausland burned Chambersburg on July 31. The next day, his raiders reached the National Pike and rode toward Cumberland. Union Gen. William W. Averell led 2,000 cavalrymen in pursuit. Union Gen. Benjamin F. Kelley hurriedly organized Cumberland’s defenses. He . . . — Map (db m19328) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Cumberland — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion & Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m1051) |
| Maryland (Allegany County), Cumberland — McNeill’s Raid — Capture of Crook and Kelly |
| | In the predawn darkness of February 21, 1865, Confederate Lt. Jesse McNeill and his partisan (guerrilla) rangers rode into Cumberland from the west on this road. Unlike most raiders
who targeted the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for attack, McNeill had other targets in mind: Union Gens. Benjamin F. Kelley, who commanded the troops guarding the railroad, and George Crook.
McNeill's men overpowered two guard
units and deceived others who challenged them
by claiming, to be scouts from New . . . — Map (db m716) |
| Maryland (Anne Arundel County), Lothian — Pvt. Benjamin Welch Owens — An Outstanding Example of Courage |
| | This monument, dedicated on June 17, 1999, honors the memory of a local man, Benjamin Welch Owens, who left his nearby West River farm to join Confederate forces during the Civil War. Owens was among the tens of thousands of men from Maryland who made their way south. He enlisted on June 3, 1863, joining the 1st Maryland Flying Artillery, C.S.A, which was composed of men from southern Maryland, the Eastern Shore, and Baltimore. Less than two weeks after Owens enlisted, his unit engaged Union . . . — Map (db m22146) |
| Maryland (Baltimore County), Catonsville — Baltimore Regional Trail — A House Divided |
| | During the Civil War, Baltimore and its environs exemplified the divided loyalties of Maryland’s residents. The city had commercial ties to the South as well as the North, and its secessionist sympathies erupted in violence on April 19, 1861, when pro-Confederate mobs attacked Massachusetts troops en route to Washington, D.C. Because of Baltimore’s strategic importance, President Abraham Lincoln acted swiftly, stationing Federal troops in the city and jailing civilians suspected of disloyalty. . . . — Map (db m2132) |
| Maryland (Caroline County), Denton — John Wilkes Booth — Escape of an Assassin — War on the Chesapeake Bay |
| | Divided loyalties and ironies tore at Marylander’s hearts throughout the Civil War: enslaved African-Americans and free United States Colored Troops; spies and smugglers; civilians imprisoned without trial to protect freedom; neighbors and families at odds in Maryland and faraway battlefields. From the Eastern Shore to the suburbs of Washington, eastern Maryland endured those strains of civil war in ways difficult to imagine today.
Those strains continued even after Confederate General . . . — Map (db m3390) |
| Maryland (Caroline County), Denton — Revolution or Fraud? — Emancipation in Caroline Co. |
| | Maryland slaves were not freed by the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, which excluded states that remained in the Union from its provisions. It was Maryland's new constitution, adopted by the narrow margin of 291 votes of almost 60,000 cast on November 2, 1864, that ended slavery in the state. The voluntary abolition of slavery here boosted the reelection campaign of President Abraham Lincoln. Though hailed as "The Mighty Revolution," emancipation and the new constitution resulted from . . . — Map (db m3389) |
| Maryland (Caroline County), Greensboro — Letter to Lincoln — Chaos on the Eastern Shore |
| | The war divided communities in Maryland, pitting neighbor against neighbor. During Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's first invasion of the North, which ended at Antietam, a Greensboro resident wrote to President Abraham Lincoln for assistance on September 13 1862:
We the Loyal Union people of the Eastern Shore of Maryland are in contact constantly with vile secesh(secessionists) Traitors, that frequently threaten us with vengeance when Stonewall Jackson comes into the state. They declare . . . — Map (db m3398) |
| Maryland (Caroline County), Preston — The Underground Railroad — Seed of War |
| | Among the factors that contributed to the coming of the Civil War was the increasing animosity between Southerners and Northerners over the issue of slavery. The operation of the Underground Railroad to help slaves escape to the free North and Canada, which was supported by Northern anti-slavery societies, was a sharp thorn in the sides of slaveholders.
Two major "stations" on the Underground Railroad were located near Preston. Local Quakers, long opposed to slavery, operated one and . . . — Map (db m5411) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Mount Airy — Mount Airy — Under the Barrels — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | In 1839, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad extended its line through Mount Airy Cut, and a village soon developed here. During the Civil War, Co. K, 14th New Jersey Infantry, guarded the railroad and National Road at Mount Airy. Pine Grove Chapel, built in 1846 and first called Ridge Presbyterian Church, served as a barracks. When an old slave named Abaigail carried liquor from the Ridgeville hotel to sell to the soldiers, Capt. Jacob J. Janeway, the company commander, decided to make an example . . . — Map (db m12493) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), New Windsor — New Windsor — Village by Moonlight |
| | Gettysburg Campaign.
In June 1863, as Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia marched north, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart’s Confederate cavalry rode east of the main army. Soon, Federal cavalry hunted Stuart. Gen. David McM. Gregg’s division left Frederick about 4 p.m. on July 28, and bivouacked between New Market and Poplar Springs. It spent the next day around New Market, Ridgeville, Mt. Airy, and Lisbon. That night, the exhausted men and horses, wrote a New York cavalryman, passed . . . — Map (db m3019) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Taneytown — Taneytown — Meade’s Pipe Creek Plan — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | On June 29, 1863, Union Gen. George G. Meade ordered the Army of the Potomac to Pipe Creek to counter any move toward Washington or Baltimore by Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia and to engage the Confederates in battle. Meade established his headquarters here at Taneytown and over the next two days watched his exhausted and footsore soldiers march by. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles stood on the porch of the old stone tavern and reviewed his III Corps troops as they arrived on June 30. . . . — Map (db m3002) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Union Bridge — Union Bridge - Reynolds’ Last Journey |
| | Gettysburg Campaign
Union Gen. John E. Reynolds was killed at Gettysburg on July 1, 1863 while directing his command along the Chambersburg Turnpike in the early fighting. His body was carried to a house in town. Orderlies searched for a coffin but found only a too short marble-cutters box. One end was knocked out and the body laid in, and an ambulance carried it to Union Bridge, where the Western Maryland Railroad shops were established in 1862. At undertaker John Forney’s shop at 15 West . . . — Map (db m3017) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Union Mills — Defiance at Union Mills |
| | “I’m a Union man!” Gettysburg Campaign.
In 1863, brothers Andrew K. and William Shriver resided on either side of the Littlestown Turnpike here and likewise were divided in their loyalties, with William supporting the Confederacy and Andrew the Union. When officers at the head of Gen. J. E. B. Stuart’s Confederate cavalry command confronted Andrew Shriver here late on June 29, he staunchly proclaimed, “I can tell you I’m a Union man!” Shriver, a slaveholder, . . . — Map (db m2992) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Union Mills — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion and Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m2994) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Union Mills — Union Mills |
| | “Shining lights.” Gettysburg Campaign.
At daybreak on June 30, 1863, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart arrived here from his bivouac at the Orendorff farm north of Westminster. He then gathered his brigade commanders to discuss Union Gen. Judson H. Kilpatrick’s cavalry division, which was encamped seven miles north at Littlestown but had been reported marching east toward Hanover.
Southern sympathizer William Shriver, whose slave-owning brother Andrew K. Shriver lived across . . . — Map (db m2995) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Uniontown — Uniontown — “Patriotic, but Paralyzed” |
| | Gettysburg Campaign. On June 27, 1863, Union Gen. Winfield S. Hancock’s II Corps, Army of the Potomac camped at Monocacy Junction near Frederick. The next day, Gen. George G. Meade assumed command of the army and devised a plan to march it through Frederick and Carroll County to positions along Pipe Creek. There he planned to engage Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia which had marched through Maryland into Pennsylvania.
Hancock was ordered to march northeast toward . . . — Map (db m3014) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Westminster — Aftermath of Battle — Hospitals and Graves — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | After the cavalry engagement here on June 29, 1863, Westminster’s citizens cared for dozens of wounded of both sides. Besides the human toll, shattered and broken cannons, gun carriages, and caissons lined both sides of Court Street to Main Street after the Battle of Gettysburg, awaiting repair in Northern foundries and arsenals. The Union Meeting House atop a mound in Westminster Cemetery became a makeshift hospital. There, military and civilian physicians, assisted by townspeople, treated . . . — Map (db m13848) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Westminster — Corbit's Charge — “Suicidal Bravery” — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | In June, 1863, as Gen. Robert E. Lee’s infantry marched through Maryland on its second invasion of the North, Lee lost contact with Gen. J.E.B. Stuart as the cavalry commander led his force east and north around the Union army. Here, on the afternoon of June 29, Federal and Confederate cavalrymen clashed on the street before you. A detachment of the 150th New York Infantry and 108 officers and men of the 1st Delaware Cavalry, including Capt. Charles Corbit’s Co. C, guarded the road junction . . . — Map (db m13832) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Westminster — Divided Loyalties — The Neal Family — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | A block away, at what is now 71 East Main Street, stood the Abner Neal house. In August 1862, Federal soldiers arrested sixteen Westminster residents as Southern sympathizers and escorted them to Baltimore for questioning. The group, soon released, included Neal’s two sons, Henry and Frank. The young men joined the Confederate army in September 1862, when Col. Thomas L. Rosser’s 5th Virginia Cavalry swept through Westminster during the Antietam Campaign. The Neals served in Co. D, 1st Maryland . . . — Map (db m13829) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Westminster — Divided Loyalties — A U.S. Flag Goes South |
| | During the Civil War, some Westminster families supported the Confederacy while others stood by the Union. Among the latter was Mary Ann “Mollie” Huber, who organized a dozen other like minded ladies into a sewing circle that met at her house. Together, they sewed a large United States flag and embroidered their names across the stars (Mollie Huber’s name was on the central star). The flag was flying atop the courthouse cupola on June 29, 1863, when news arrived that “The . . . — Map (db m13849) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Westminster — Engagement at Westminster — War at the Almshouse — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | On June 29, 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s infantry was in Pennsylvania, and Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry arrived here on the outskirts of Westminster. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee’s division led the column, which numbered 6,000 including cavalrymen and two horse artillery batteries. Prisoners captured at the blacksmith shop on Main Street told Lee that a small Union cavalry force occupied the town. Anticipating little resistance, he deployed skirmishers and sent the 3rd Virginia Cavalry and an . . . — Map (db m13826) |
| Maryland (Carroll County), Westminster — Westminster Depot — Pressed into Service — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | During the Civil War, railroads for the first time attained strategic importance for transporting troops and equipment. On July 1, 1863, Gen. Herman Haupt, chief of U.S. Military Railroads, assumed control here of the Western Maryland Railroad to supply the army engaged at Gettysburg. He found a depot nearby as well as several large grain and flour warehouses. Two days earlier, however, after a cavalry action in the streets, hungry Confederates had raided the warehouses for food for themselves . . . — Map (db m13828) |
| Maryland (Cecil County), Perryville — Perryville — One Week After the War Began |
| | On April 18-19, 1861, a week after the bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, Confederate sympathizers attacked U.S. Army forces en route to Washington in Baltimore, 35 miles southwest of here. On the second day shots were fired and soldiers died. Telegraph service was cut off; railroad bridges south of the Susquehanna River were burned, and Washington was in danger of isolation in Confederate territory. In response, Cecil County Unionists guarded the rail lines, hoisting U. S. flags along . . . — Map (db m1484) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Bel Alton — Pine Thicket — “the instrument of his punishment” — John Wilkes Booth – Escape of an Assassin |
| | After assassinating President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth and his accomplice, David A. Herold, fled Washington for Southern Maryland, a hotbed of Confederate sympathizers. After leaving the home of Dr. Samuel A. Mudd near Bryantown, Booth found a guide who brought them to the home of Samuel Cox in the early morning hours of April 16. After some negotiating, Cox agreed to place them in the care of friends in the Confederate underground. He sent them to a dense growth of . . . — Map (db m4462) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Bel Alton — Rich Hill — The Fugitives Seek Shelter — John Wilkes Booth - Escape of an Assassin |
| | After leaving Dr. Samuel A. Mudd's house on April 15, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of President Abraham Lincoln, and his accomplice David E. Herold avoided Zekiah Swamp and made a wide arc around the village of Bryantown. Unsure of their surroundings, they soon enlisted the aid of a guide, Oswell Swann, who led them across the swamp to Rich Hill, the home of Samuel Cox. They arrived here shortly after midnight on April 16. According to Swann, Cox admitted the pair to the house where . . . — Map (db m4460) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Benedict — Camp Stanton — Training Post for USCT |
| | Nearby stood Camp Stanton, a Civil War-era recruiting and training post for African American Union soldiers. Named for Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, the camp was established in August 1863. Although black soldiers had served in the nation’s armed forces since the Revolutionary War, they were barred from the U.S. Army during the
Civil War until President Abraham
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The 7th Regiment, United States Colored Troops (USCT), organized . . . — Map (db m15699) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Bryantown — St. Mary’s Church and Cemetery — Mudd Meets Booth — John Wilkes Booth – Escape of An Assassin |
| | On November 13, 1864, here at St. Mary’s Catholic
Church, Dr. Samuel A. Mudd was introduced to John
Wilkes Booth, the future assassin of President Abraham Lincoln. Booth had come to Charles County to
contact the Confederate underground here and recruit
men to help him kidnap the president. Mudd’s wife, Sarah, later wrote:
“The first time I ever saw John Wilkes Booth was in November 1864. My husband went to Bryantown
Church [St. Mary’s] and was introduced to Booth by John . . . — Map (db m924) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Bryantown — Village of Bryantown — Commercial Center — John Wilkes Booth - Escape of an Assassin |
| | This building in the Bryantown Tavern, constructed about 1815. On April 15, 1865, the morning after President Lincoln’s assassination, Lt. David D. Dana made it his headquarters while pursuing John Wilkes Booth, the assassin, with a detachment of the 13th New York Cavalry. Unknown to Dana, Booth was only four miles north at the home of Dr. Samuel A. Mudd, who treated Booth’s broken leg. Though Booth had visited Bryantown several times in 1864, he did not pass through here during his escape, but . . . — Map (db m4500) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Newburg — Crossing the Potomac — Off into the Darkness — John Wilkes Booth – Escape of an Assassin |
| | After assassinating President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth and his accomplice, David A. Herold, fled Washington for Southern Maryland, a hotbed of Confederate sympathizers. Concealed for several days in a pine thicket two miles northeast of here, the pair made their way over rough terrain to the Potomac River on the night of April 20, 1865. Guided by Thomas A. Jones, a Confederate signal agent, they traveled about a mile to the mouth of a small stream where Jones had . . . — Map (db m4476) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Newburg — John Wilkes Booth — Escape of an Assassin — War on the Chesapeake Bay |
| | Divided loyalties and ironies tore at Marylander’s hearts throughout the Civil War: enslaved African-Americans and free United States Colored Troops; spies and smugglers; civilians imprisoned without trial to protect freedom; neighbors and families at odds in Maryland and faraway battlefields. From the Eastern Shore to the suburbs of Washington, eastern Maryland endured those strains of civil war in ways difficult to imagine today.
Those strains continued even after Confederate General . . . — Map (db m24540) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Port Tobacco — John Wilkes Booth — Escape of an Assassin — War on the Chesapeake Bay |
| | Divided loyalties and ironies tore at Marylander’s hearts throughout the Civil War: enslaved African-Americans and free United States Colored Troops; spies and smugglers; civilians imprisoned without trial to protect freedom; neighbors and families at odds in Maryland and faraway battlefields. From the Eastern Shore to the suburbs of Washington, eastern Maryland endured those strains of civil war in ways difficult to imagine today.
Those strains continued even after Confederate General . . . — Map (db m1104) |
| Maryland (Charles County), St. Charles — Dr. Samuel A. Mudd — Treating an Assassin — John Wilkes Booth – Escape of An Assassin |
| | This house was the home of Dr. Samuel Alexander Mudd and his wife, Sarah Frances Dyer. Early on the morning of April 15, 1865, John Wilkes Booth arrived here with a companion, David E. Herold, and asked Mudd to set Booth’s broken leg. Afterward, as Booth rested in an upstairs bedroom, Mudd rode into Bryantown, then returned home late in the afternoon to find his visitors departing.
Questioned later by U.S. authorities, Mudd
claimed he did not recognize Booth or know that he
was being . . . — Map (db m921) |
| Maryland (Charles County), St. Charles — John Wilkes Booth — Escape of an Assassin — War on the Chesapeake Bay |
| | Divided loyalties and ironies tore at Marylanders’ hearts throughout the Civil War: enslaved African-Americans and free United States Colored Troops; spies and smugglers; civilians imprisoned without trial to protect freedom; neighbors and families at odds in Maryland and faraway battlefields. From the Eastern Shore to the suburbs of Washington, eastern Maryland endured those strains of civil war in ways difficult to imagine today.
Those strains continued even after Confederate General . . . — Map (db m922) |
| Maryland (Dorchester County), Cambridge — Maryland's Eastern Shore — Hundreds of Enslaved and Free Black Men Enlisted |
| | Although isolated from Maryland's largest population centers, the Eastern Shore was important to the state's role in the Civil War and exemplified the citizens' divided loyalties. In the years before the war, enslaved African-Americans here began escaping bondage via the Underground Railroad to the North and Canada, helped on their way by sympathetic blacks and whites and such courageous "conductors" as Harriet Tubman, an Eastern Shore native. During the war, hundreds of enslaved and free . . . — Map (db m8331) |
| Maryland (Dorchester County), Woolford — Anna Ella Carroll — Unofficial Cabinet Member |
| | Anna Ella Carroll was born on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1815. Often called an unofficial member of President Abraham Lincoln's cabinet, she was a Unionist author and newspaper reporter who had traveled extensively throughout the South and Midwest before the Civil War. Among her most popular books were The War Powers of the General Government (1861) and The Great American Battle (1856). Just before the war, she journeyed through the Midwest and noted the importance of the rivers . . . — Map (db m3974) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Adamstown — Carrollton Manor — Green Corn March — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | On Saturday, September 6, 1862, the Army of Northern Virginia was spread along the entire length of Buckeystown Turnpike all the way to Frederick. The soldiers camped in the fields on either side of the road on the evenings of September 5-6, and by the next day most of the army was camped south of Frederick. On their way the Confederates stripped the nearby fields of green corn. Too much of this corn put many of the soldiers out of commission for several days with . . . — Map (db m1738) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — 1862 Antietam Camapign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain gaps, Lee . . . — Map (db m1520) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — 19th Century Backpacker — The Civil War Soldier — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | An unnamed citizen of Frederick City said the following of the Confederates he had beheld marching through his hometown: “I have never seen a mass of such filthy strong-smelling men. Three in a room would make it unbearable, and when marching in column along the street the smell from them was most offensive... The filth that pervades them is most remarkable... They have no uniforms, but are all well armed and equipped, and have become so inured to hardships that they care but little for . . . — Map (db m1521) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Bolivar — Battle at South Mountain — A Natural Barrier — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | The Battle of South Mountain erupted on September 14, 1862, when elements of the Union army tried to drive the Confederate rear guard from Crampton’s, Fox’s, and Turner’s Gaps and break through to the western side of the mountain to attack Confederates there. When Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia marched into Maryland earlier in the month, he was looking for supplies and recruits for a possible invasion of Pennsylvania. He hoped while resting men at Frederick . . . — Map (db m1519) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Brunswick — Brunswick — Formerly Berlin — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | Union troops pursuing the Confederate army to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 crossed the Potomac River here. Called Berlin at the time of the Civil War, this town truly experienced the challenges of life on the border. Both the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad here were military targets. The town would be relocated, grow and gain its new name as the railroad achieved greater commercial influence after the war. Still, it was an important . . . — Map (db m1863) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain . . . — Map (db m1958) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Battle for Crampton’s Gap — “Sealed With Their Lives” — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | The Battle of South Mountain struck Crampton’s Gap late in the afternoon of September 14, 1862, when Union Gen. William B. Franklin finally ordered an attack against Confederate Gen. Lafayette McLaws’s force here. As the Confederate defensive line along the Mountain Church Road began to disintegrate, Gen. Howell Cobb arrived in Whipp’s ravine with reinforcements to stop the Federal onrush. Soon, they were surrounded on three sides. Lt. Col. Jefferson Lamar, leading Cobb’s Georgia Legion, . . . — Map (db m1909) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — Burkittsville — Houses of Worship Become Houses of Misery — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | Union surgeons turned Burkittsville, a quiet rural village of some 200 people, into a hospital complex after the September 14, 1862, Battle of Crampton’s Gap. The building in front of you, the German Reformed Church, was Hospital D. Twenty-year-old Henrietta Biser gasped when she saw the church pews strewn in the front yard and “a pile of amputated limbs lying just inside the door of the church. Blood was running...over the floor...and things were torn to pieces.” Henry M. Wiener . . . — Map (db m1864) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Burkittsville — George Alfred Townsend — A Man and His Mountain — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | None of the structures you see here in Crampton’s Gap existed during the battle on September 14, 1862. George Alfred Townsend constructed all the stone buildings and walls, as well as the Correspondents’ Arch, between 1884 and 1896. Townsend, perhaps the most widely published Civil War correspondent of his time and the author of 21 books, wrote under the pseudonym GATH, which was derived from his initials plus the letter H. His father, a Methodist minister, gave Townsend a strong . . . — Map (db m1931) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Dickerson — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m4028) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Dickerson — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion & Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m4033) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Daughters of Charity — "O, it was beyond description" — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton founded the Roman Catholic community of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Joseph's here in 1809 (after 1850, called Daughters of Charity). The sisters played a prominent role during the Civil War as nurses and human service workers, providing compassion in an otherwise violent and painful epoch. They continued Mother Seton's ministry of charity, bringing solace and healing to the wounded of both armies, sometimes at their own peril. Father James Francis Burlando, C.M., . . . — Map (db m9483) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Emmitsburg — Road to Gettysburg |
| | President Abraham Lincoln replaced Army of the Potomac commander Gen. Joseph Hooker with Gen. George G. Meade on June 28, 1863, as the army pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Meade placed Gen. John F. Reynolds, I Corps commander, in charge of the Federal army’s left wing, which consisted of I, III, and XI Corps. The next day, I Corps marched to Frederick from Middletown and camped in the western suburbs, but by dawn on June 30, had departed for Emmitsburg, where it . . . — Map (db m1546) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — Gen. John F. Reynolds — "Dear Kate" — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | On the last day of June 1863, Emmitsburg became a Union army supply base. Union Gen. John F. Reynolds, commanding the left wing of the Army of the Potomac (I, III, and XI Corps), arrived as I Corps came into Emmitsburg to obtain needed supplies, camp, and muster to receive pay before marching five miles north across the Mason-Dixon line to Marsh Creek. On July 1, Reynolds traveled the Emmitsburg Road toward Gettysburg. Early on that first day of battle, a sharpshooter killed him. This place . . . — Map (db m9489) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Emmitsburg — St. Joseph's Valley Camp — "I did not see it multiplied, but saw it there!" — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | About 80,000 Union troops settled here in Saint Joseph's Valley as June 1863 drew to a close, "until the grounds around were actually covered with Soldiers." Emmitsburg was placed under martial law, and the Vincentian priests at Saint Joseph's Church had to get passes to come and go. Those encamped on and around these grounds included Gens. George G. Meade, Oliver Otis Howard, and Philippe Regis De Trobriand. Gen. Carl Schurz and his staff were accommodated here in the White House built by . . . — Map (db m9485) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m2708) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m2807) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South . . . — Map (db m18382) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Barbara Fritchie House — “Shoot if you must this old gray head, but spare your country’s flag.” — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | As the Confederate army marched through Frederick on September 10, 1862, feisty local Unionists—mostly women—showed their defiance by waving the Stars and Stripes. The poet John Greenleaf Whittier immortalized one of them in “The Ballad of Barbara Fritchie” about a year later. Spoilsport historians have since pointed out that Stonewall Jackson’s column never passed her house and that the story of the aged Fritchie—who did wave such a flag from her porch when the . . . — Map (db m2693) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — City Hall — Former Frederick County Courthouse — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | Connections with the Civil War abound around this Courthouse Square, where the first official act of defiance against the British crown - the 1765 Stamp Act Repudiation - occurred almost a century earlier. In 1857, Roger Brooke Taney, Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court and a former resident who is buried in Frederick, wrote in the Dread Scott Decision that the Constitution's freedoms did not extend to African-Americans, one of the steps on the road to war. Taney and his brother-in-law, . . . — Map (db m2815) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion & Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m2792) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Hospitals in Frederick — Caring for the Wounded |
| | In this building, soldiers who died in one of the many area hospitals following the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Moncacy were embalmed and prepared for interment at nearby Mount Olivet Cemetery or for shipment home. James Whitehall, the owner of the building, was both a furniture maker and undertaker, as were many furniture makers then. Dr. Richard Burr, a contractor with the U.S. Army, embalmed the bodies of officers and soldiers in this building. He gave public . . . — Map (db m2806) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Market & Patrick Streets — "Scarcely any possibility of crossing the street" |
| | Gettysburg Campaign Frederick found itself occupied alternatively by Confederate and Union armies during the Civil War. Citizens who frequented this "Square Corner" of Market and Patrick Streets saw Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia march west from here on Patrick Street, the National Road, during Lee's September 1862 Maryland Campaign. They also saw Union Gen. George B. McClellan lead his army through town in pursuit. This first Southern invasion culminated in the Battles of . . . — Map (db m2808) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Meade Takes Command — "Come to give me trouble." |
| | Near this spot, on the grounds of Prospect Hall, Union Gen. George Gordon Meade replaced Gen. Joesph "Fighting Joe" Hooker as commander of the Army of the Potomac on Sunday, June 28, 1863. Meade took command reluctantly because he was concerned about changing leaders in the middle of a campaign. Additionally, he felt his longtime friend Gen. John F. Reynolds was more capable and more deserving of the assignment. Meade described his appointment in a letter to his wife, "At 3:00 a.m., I was . . . — Map (db m2775) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — North Market Street — "Now I shall see Cousin J. — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | On June 28, 1863, Gen. John F. Reynolds rode into Federick to visit his cousin Catherine Reynolds Cramer and her sisters near the intersection of North Market and Second Streets. She would have much to write the rest of her family on July 1 about this reunion with him. Her delight was obvious: "When we heard the Army of the Potomac was really coming my first and constant thought was, 'now I shall see Cousin J.'" Reynolds visited his cousin that Sunday afternoon before leaving to confer with . . . — Map (db m2814) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Richfield — “The Boy General of the Golden Lock” |
| | It was here that George Armstrong Custer was first introduced as a general to the troops he would command. The first order signed by Gen. George G. Meade as the newly appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac on June 28, 1863 promoted three young captians, Custer, Elon J. Farnsworth and Wesley Merritt, to the rank of brigadier-general, at the request of Gen. Alfred Pleasonton Commander of the Union Cavalry Corps. Two of them, Custer, age 23 and Farnsworth, age 25, were notified of their . . . — Map (db m1539) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Rose Hill Manor — Union Artillery Reserve |
| | You are on the grounds of Rose Hill Manor, the final home of Maryland's first governor, Thomas Johnson. During its stay near Frederick, the Army of the Potomac's large Artillery Reserve occupied these grounds. Created after the Battle of Chancellorsville, Va., in early May 1863, and commanded by Brig. Gen. Robert O. Tyler, the Artillery Reserve was an independent grouping of batteries that could be rushed to reinforce or replace divisional batteries during battle or to strengthen threatened . . . — Map (db m2803) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — The Lost Order — Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. On September 9, he promulgated his campaign strategy - to divide his army, send Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson to attack Harpers Ferry, and send Gen. James Longstreet toward Hagerstown - was described in Special Orders No. 191, seven copies of which were distributed to his senior subordinates. A copy intended for Gen. D.H. Hill was . . . — Map (db m18381) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Jefferson — Jefferson — Prowling Confederates and Pretty Girls |
| | In June 1863, Federal troops marched through Jefferson as the Army of the Potomac pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, a menacing force to the west—but where was it headed? Fearing that Lee would push through the gaps in South Mountain west of Jefferson, Gen. Joseph Hooker sent Union I, III, and XI Corps to the Catoctin Valley to watch them. Many of the men marched through Jefferson June 24-28 on their way to Burkittsville, at the foot of Crampton’s Gap, and Middletown, . . . — Map (db m2100) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Lewistown — Lewistown — I Corps’ Muddy March |
| | Gettysburg Campaign When the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia Invaded Maryland in June 1863, the Army of the Potomac headed north in pursuit. On Monday, June 29, a “rainy, miserable day,” the 15,000 men, 2,900 horses and mules and 475 wagons of Gen. John F. Reynolds’ I Corps, leading the Union advance, marched through Lewistown en route to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The day's march of eighteen miles began west of Fredrick and ended at Emmitsburg. This was the halfway point. . . . — Map (db m4120) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Libertytown — Libertytown — Hot, Humid, and Worn Out |
| | Gettysburg Campaign On June 29, 1863, the Army of the Potomac's II Corps, commanded by Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, broke camp south of Frederick near the Monocacy River, marched into Frederick, and turned eastward on the road to Liberty (Libertytown). The men perspired as the sun rose, and the heat caused "the salty liquid to get into the eyes, causing them to burn and smart, and it ran from down under the cap, through the dust and down the sides of the face which was soon covered with muddy . . . — Map (db m4017) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Middletown — Christ Reformed Church — Just Before the Battle — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | Eight thousand Confederates under Gen. Lafayette McLaws marched by this church on September 10-11, 1862, heading south to Harper’s Ferry. Since no Federals were in the area, McLaws expected no encounters with the enemy. Unknown to him, however, Union Gen. George B. McClellan had obtained a copy of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Special Order 191 containing the Confederate plans; soon the rear of McLaw’s column was in danger.
Most of McClellan’s Army of the Potomac marched west on the National Road . . . — Map (db m796) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Middletown — Middletown — Union Left Flank — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | Late in June 1863, the Union Army of the Potomac pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia as it invaded the North for the second time. The Federal left flank under Gen. John F. Reynolds occupied the Middletown Valley, June 25–27, holding South Mountain passes against a possible Confederate advance. In Burkittsville, III Corps guarded Crampton's Gap, I and XI Corps defended Fox's and Turner's Gaps respectively. On Saturday night, June 27, valley farmers and villagers brought . . . — Map (db m418) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Middletown — Middletown — Enemies and Friends — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | When Gen. Robert E. Lee and part of the Army of Northern Virginia passes through Middletown on September 10–11, 1862, they encountered a chilly reception. The inhabitants of this single-street hamlet on the National Road loved the Union, and the ragged Confederates who marched west through here epitomized what the citizens regarded as a rebellion. Confronted by openly defiant residents, the Confederates considered Middletown the most Union of all places they saw during their first trek to . . . — Map (db m21911) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Myersville — 1862 Antietam Campaign — Lee Invades Maryland |
| | Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4-6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac pursued Lee, who had detached Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s force to capture the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry. After the Federals pushed the remaining Confederates out of the South Mountain . . . — Map (db m5923) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Myersville — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion & Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m5922) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), New Market — New Market — Roads to Gettysburg |
| | Gettysburg Campaign Late in June 1863, the Union Army of the Potomac pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia as it invaded the North less than a year after the Antietam Campaign. On Monday, June 29, the Federal corps marched north toward Pennsylvania on parallel roads like the fingers of a glove, after being ordered to stay between Lee and the large Northern cities. Gen. John F. Reynolds led I Corps west of Frederick on Emmitsburg Road (present-day U.S. Rte. 15), while Gen. . . . — Map (db m4008) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Point of Rocks — Point of Rocks — Confederates Capture Train |
| | Gettysburg Campaign. In mid-June 1863, with rumors of a pending reinvasion of Maryland by Confederate forces, most Baltimore and Ohio trains stopped running past here. As tension mounted, the New York Times reported that no trains were departing Baltimore, “except the mail train to Harpers Ferry and the accommodation for Frederick.” In the predawn hours of June 17, Confederate cavalry crossed the Potomac River and attacked Union cavalry at nearby Catoctin Station, while another . . . — Map (db m743) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Point of Rocks — Point of Rocks — Point of Rocks During the War |
| | The rail line immediately before you served as an important means of supply and communication during the Civil War (the station, and tracks to Washington, D.C., on the southern or right side of the station were built later). Here at Point of Rocks, formerly Trammelstown, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reached the banks of the Potomac River from Baltimore. This narrow strip of bottomland, which allowed passage beyond the Blue Ridge’s Catoctin and South Mountain ranges, had been the subject of a . . . — Map (db m744) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Thurmont — Catoctin Iron Furnace — No Time For War |
| | Gettysburg Campaign When Union Gen. John F. Reynolds’ I Corps marched by here on June 29, 1863, en route to Emmitsburg and soon to Gettysburg, his men were progressing “swimmingly.” The workers of the Catoctin Furnace had little time to notice, since the charcoal furnaces were in full blast. The landscape then looked much different than it does today. The air was filled with smoke and ash and smelled like rotten eggs, while temperatures inside the casting sheds reached upwards . . . — Map (db m1545) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Thurmont — Thurmont — Formerly Mechanicstown |
| | On June 29, 1863, Mechanicstown was full of the noise of an army on the move as Union Gen. John F. Reynolds marched I Corps to Emmitsburg. Until then, residents had only heard rumors of the advancing Confederates as nervous farmers hurried horses and personal belongings through town. Now they new the rumors were true. To guard the Federal rear, Gen. John Buford posted his reserve brigade, the First Cavalry Division, under the command of Gen. Wesley Merritt, here in Mchanicstown. After the . . . — Map (db m1540) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Urbana — Landon House — From Hospitality to Hospital — Antietam Campaign 1862 |
| | Constructed in 1754 on the banks of the Rappahannock River in Virginia, this building was reconstructed here in 1846 and became Landon Female Academy. Early in September 1862, while infantry of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia rested near Frederick, Lee’s cavalry chief Gen. J.E.B. Stuart occupied Urbana to report on any Federal advance from Washington. Having received an enthusiastic welcome from the community, Stuart hosted a dance here at the academy for Confederate cavalrymen . . . — Map (db m1739) |
| Maryland (Garrett County), McHenry — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion & Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m2170) |
| Maryland (Garrett County), Oakland — Fort Alice — Railroad Bridge Destroyed |
| | On April 26, 1863, during the Confederate occupation of Oakland, a detachment of Confederate Capt. John H. McNeill's partisan rangers attacked the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge here over the Youghiogheny River. They were part of a larger group that entered Oakland that Sunday as Confederate Gen. William E. “Grumble” Jones led an incursion into West Virginia and Maryland to hamper rail movements of Federal troops and supplies. The Confederates disarmed the small garrison at Fort . . . — Map (db m481) |
| Maryland (Garrett County), Oakland — Gettysburg Campaign — Invasion & Retreat |
| | After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington . . . — Map (db m484) |
| Maryland (Garrett County), Oakland — Oakland - Confederate Railroad Raid |
| | On Sunday, April 26, 1863, a detachment of Confederate Capt. John H. McNeill's partisan rangers under Col. A. W. Harman attacked the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad facilities here in Oakland. They were part of Confederate Gen. William E. “Grumble” Jones’ incursion into West Virginia and Maryland to hamper the rail movements of Federal troops and supplies.
The town was defended by Company O, 6th West Virginia Infantry, a Preston County unit. The Confederates arrived about 11 a.m. . . . — Map (db m485) |
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