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MARKER DATABASE
“Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History”
“Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History”
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal Historical Markers

Markers associated with the canal from Washington, DC, to Cumberland, Maryland, now a national park.
 
A Canal to the West - Tide Lock Marker Panels image, Touch for more information
By Richard E. Miller, February 12, 2011
A Canal to the West - Tide Lock Marker Panels
1 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Foggy Bottom — A Canal to the West
For years it was a dream – a canal to open a trade route from local commercial centers to the rich Ohio country across the Allegheny Mountains. Business would thrive as mule-drawn barges carried wheat, furs, whiskey, livestock, and coal to . . . Map (db m46939) HM
2 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Foggy Bottom — Godey's Lime Kilns1833 - 1908
These kilns were used as late as 1908, supplying Washington with a fine grade of lime. The limestone was brought from quarries just beyond Seneca, Maryland over the C & O Canal.Map (db m136875) HM
3 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Foggy Bottom — Tide Lock
The Potomac River and nearby Rock Creek meet quietly here at Tide Lock. Years ago, canal boats locked into Rock Creek from the C&O Canal about a half-mile upstream and then through Tide Lock into the bustling world of the Potomac waterfront. . . . Map (db m159241) HM
4 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — A Long Stretch of Quiet and Peace…
…a long stretch of quiet and peace at the capital’s back door…a wilderness area where we can commune with God and with nature. …a place for boys and girls, men and women…hike 15 or 20 miles on a Sunday afternoon…sleep on high dry ground in . . . Map (db m167593) HM
5 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — An Industrial GeorgetownChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior — Reported unreadable
If you could have walked along the towpath here in the 19th and early 20th century, your senses would have been overwhelmed by industrial pollution. The dust from coal being unloaded from canal boats fogged the air. The stench of animal fat being . . . Map (db m113411) HM
6 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — At All HoursChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
“It shall be their duty, at all hours, by night as well as by day, to pass all boats and floats presenting themselves at their locks.” —Charles Mercer, President, C&O Canal Company. Every time his boat passed through a lock, a . . . Map (db m128) HM
7 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Canal House
The original Canal House was built in 1878 to store the feed and horses of the Georgetown Railroad Company. In the 1890's it was converted into a power generating plant for public transit. Today the Canal House stands as another example of the . . . Map (db m121206) HM
8 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Chesapeake & Ohio Canal
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. Commenced at Georgetown. July 4th 1828. Chief Engineer Benjamin Wright. Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company, 1850. President James M. Coale. Directors William A. Bradley, Henry Daingerfield, Wm. Cost Johnson, John . . . Map (db m118) HM
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9 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Chesapeake and Ohio CanalNational Historical Marker
One of the best preserved and least altered of old American canals, the Chesapeake and Ohio grew from Washington's vision of linking the valleys of the early west with the east by “ties of communication.” The Potomac Company . . . Map (db m97477) HM
10 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Creating a National ParkChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
“It is a refuge, a place of retreat, a long stretch of quiet and peace at the Capital's back door . . .” —William O. Douglas Look around you. The park you stand in exists because people cared. In January 1954, Justice William O. . . . Map (db m129) HM
11 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Francis Scott Key ParkA Place With It Own History Reported permanently removed
Before 1620 the area of the Francis Scott Key Park was inhabited by members of the Algonquian, Nacostine, Nacotchatank, Piscatoway and Patawomeke tribes. In 1634 it became part of the English Colony of Maryland. Beginning in the 18th . . . Map (db m119) HM
12 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Georgetown and the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal
Left panel: Georgetown became a port city soon after its 1751 founding. Located on the Potomac River, it was the logical choice for the canal’s terminus. Canal activity further spurred Georgetown’s economic growth. By the late 1800s, it was . . . Map (db m97762) HM
13 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Mule PowerChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Mules were the "engines" for the canal boats. Normally, a boat captain had four mules. Two worked while two rested in their stall in the front of the boat. Captains usually cared for their mules as if they were part of the family. In the canal's . . . Map (db m113416) HM
14 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — The Duvall Foundry1050-30th Street, N.W.
Built between 1856 and 1866 as a machine shop by William T. Duvall, the Foundry is typical of commercial structures of that period. Duvall purchased the land from Thomas Beall, a grandson of Ninian Beall who was one of Georgetown's first settlers . . . Map (db m230153) HM
15 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — The Georgetown House
The Georgetown House is closely linked with the history of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. The building was constructed about 1830 by the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co. for use as a storage room. Later it became a tavern but shortly thereafter turned into . . . Map (db m111008) HM
16 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — The History of Canal Square
Canal Square has seen more than century and a half of change in Georgetown. It is a typical brick and fieldstone industrial structure built to facilitate barge traffic on the Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal. Necessary for westward expansion, . . . Map (db m113418) HM
17 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — The history of Canal Square
Canal Square has seen more than a century and a half of change in Georgetown. It is a typical brick and fieldstone industrial structure built to facilitate barge traffic on the Chesapeake & Ohio (C&O) Canal. Necessary for westward expansion, canals . . . Map (db m240113) HM
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18 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — Tide Lock and Rock Creek BasinChesapeake and Ohio National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
The 184.5-mile-long Chesapeake and Ohio Canal begins at the Tide Lock and ends at Cumberland, Maryland. Here canal boats entered the canal to bypass mountains, swift currents, and shallows. Boats exited the Tide Lock into the Potomac River to . . . Map (db m144180) HM
19 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Georgetown — William O. Douglas
In recognition of Justice William O. Douglas for his contributions toward the establishement of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic ParkMap (db m167622) HM
20 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Glover Park — Holy Rood CemeteryEstablished 1832
Holy Trinity Catholic Church established Holy Rood Cemetery as its parish cemetery on high ground above Georgetown in 1832. The cemetery was expanded in 1853 to the 6.5 acres it is today. Originally known as the Upper Graveyard, in 1886 the . . . Map (db m155228) HM
21 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The National Mall — Lock Keeper’s HouseFormerly the Eastern Terminal of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal — Erected about 1835 —
The canal passed along the present line of B Street in front of this house emptying into Tiber Creek and the Potomac River.Map (db m111529) HM
22 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The National Mall — The Canal Connection
President George Washington commissioned Pierre L'Enfant to design the Capital City in 1790. The L'Enfant Plan included a system of canals to transport heavy goods at a time when roads and streets were few and muddy. The Washington City Canal . . . Map (db m211) HM
23 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The Palisades — Abner Cloud HouseChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior — Reported permanently removed
This house witnessed the building of the C&O Canal. Abner Cloud, a miller who had come here from Pennsylvania, built the house in 1801. Cloud's mill was about 200 yards upstream. The basement of the house was used by Cloud to store grain and . . . Map (db m722) HM
24 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The Palisades — Abner Cloud HouseChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Fishing & Farming on the Potomac This house witnessed the construction of the C&O Canal. Abner Cloud, born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, built this house in 1801 – 24 years before the creation of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company. He . . . Map (db m238285) HM
25 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The Palisades — Abner Cloud MillEchoes of Millstones — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, National Park Service — Reported permanently removed
Baking bread, frying cornbead and eating "stick to your ribs" oatmeal, all have one thing in common; their ingredients started out at a grist mill. Decades before the sounds of lockhorns and mule hooves clopping by, mills were popping up along . . . Map (db m129837) HM
26 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The Palisades — Georgetown Incline PlaneChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Here, in 1876, an engineering marvel was built. The largest incline plane in the world and the first built in the United States, carried canal boats to and from the Potomac River. The incline plane was used to help clear heavy boat traffic in . . . Map (db m129838) HM
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27 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The Palisades — 6 — MacArthur Boulevard and the Washington Aqueduct
MacArthur Boulevard was originally named Conduit Road because it provided access to the aqueduct that carried the District's water supply. After World War II it was renamed in honor of General Douglas MacArthur. From 1902 to 1962, the . . . Map (db m187428) HM
28 District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The Palisades — Navigation of the PotomacChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
The Potowmack Company Outlet at Lock Harbor You are standing on land that once belonged to the Potowmack Company. Created in 1785, the company aimed to make the Potomac River more navigability for trade by building a five-part . . . Map (db m238215) HM
29 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — A Canal Boat Replica—The Cumberland
The Cumberland is a full scale replica canal boat, measuring approximately 93 feet long and 14.5 feet wide. It was constructed in 1976 as a Bicentennial project the C&O Canal of Cumberland, Maryland, Inc. (COCCM), a non-profit organization . . . Map (db m140080) HM
30 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — A Home on the Boat—The Captain's Cabin
For the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal boatmen and their family or crew, the captain's cabin was their living quarters on the boat. About 10 feet by 14 feet in size, the cabin served as the eating and sleeping area for as few as two and as many as 8-10 . . . Map (db m140155) HM
31 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Alteration of the Site — Fort Cumberland Trail —
Many changes have been made to the landscape on which Fort Cumberland stood. The street behind you was cut from the hillside and the earth removed used by the canal company. the bluff to your left in front of the church once extended on a nearly . . . Map (db m18757) HM
32 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Boat Building at the Cumberland BasinChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Cumberland, the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, was the location where the George's Creek coal from western Allegany County was transferred from the short line railroads to canal boats for shipment east. Cumberland was also the . . . Map (db m67484) HM
33 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — C&O Canal TerminusC&O Canal N.H.P., Maryland — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was planned to link the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay with Pittsburgh and the Ohio River Valley. Construction began at Georgetown in 1828; by 1850 only 184 of the 365 miles were complete. Financial . . . Map (db m140078) HM
34 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Church of St. Patrick, Cumberland
A log chapel dedicated to St. Mary was built on this site in 1791. The first parishioners were mostly English Catholics from Southern Maryland. A brick church replaced the log building in 1939. Cumberland became a major center of transportation and . . . Map (db m134394) HM
35 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Civil War in Allegany CountyStrategic Location
During the Civil War, thousands of United States soldiers were stationed here in Cumberland and Allegany County to guard against raids and incursions by Confederate forces. Located only about 130 miles from the capital at Washington. D.C., and a . . . Map (db m1049) HM
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36 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Crossroads of America Mural
About this sign The outline drawing above represents the heritage-themed mural to your right. The mural is organized chronologically into sections. Each section is described here, with accompanying historic images.. . . . Map (db m140048) HM
37 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — CumberlandStrategic Center Reported damaged
In 1860, Cumberland was a small town of 7,302 residents, most of whom lived in the valley of Will’s Creek. The town was an important stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. When the Civil . . . Map (db m14038) HM
38 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — CumberlandStrategic Center
In 1860, Cumberland was a small town of 7,302 residents, most of whom lived in the valley of Will’s Creek. The town was an important stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. When the Civil . . . Map (db m17674) HM
39 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — CumberlandTown Map and Directory — Cumberland - The Place To Visit, The Place To Live —
Downtown The Downtown Cumberland Mall is the main shopping and dining district for the city. The brick street is lined with large multi-story commercial buildings, which were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These buildings . . . Map (db m139110) HM
40 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — CumberlandTown Map and Directory
Downtown Cumberland The Flood of March 29, 1924 inflicted almost $5 million worth of destruction in the City of Cumberland. Telephone, telegraph, roads and electric wires were washed away. Though not as bad, another flood occurred on May 12th . . . Map (db m139111) HM
41 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Cumberland
In 1749 Christopher Gist, an agent for the Ohio Company, arrived at the junction of the Wills Creek and the North Branch of the Potomac River to erect a trading post. In anticipation of the French and Indian War a fort was constructed in 1754 . . . Map (db m139113) HM
42 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Cumberland Gateway Westward — Fort Cumberland Trail —
Will's Creek Settlement, later known as Cumberland, served as a major gateway for trade, military campaigns against the French, and settlement beyond the mountains in our growing nation. "The New Storehouses" of the Ohio Company were across the . . . Map (db m17783) HM
43 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Cumberland Terminus: Yesterday and TodayChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Independence Day, July 4th, 1828, would be an important day for Cumberland, Maryland. On that day, far to the east, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad both broke ground. The finish line of these companies' race was the . . . Map (db m67478) HM
44 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Cumberland Terminus: Yesterday and TodayChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Independence Day, July 4th, 1828, would be an important day for Cumberland, Maryland. On that day, far to the east, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad both broke ground. The finish line of these companies' race was the . . . Map (db m140083) HM
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45 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Explore a Trail NetworkChesapeake & Ohio Canal Towpath Cumberland Maryland — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, National Park Service —
Hike and bike from Pittsburgh to the Chesapeake Bay. You are standing on part of the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail. Explore the Potomac River, Chesapeake Bay, and the Allegheny Highlands on this trail network that includes both land and . . . Map (db m140084) HM
46 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Irish Laborers
This monument was erected in memory of the Irish laborers who died building the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 1828 – 1850Map (db m140190) HM
47 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — Life on the CanalChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ran from Georgetown in Washington, D.C. (Mile 0) to Cumberland, MD (Mile 184.5), paralleling the Potomac River. Most of the heavy shipping originated from the western terminus at Cumberland. Boatmen carrying coal, . . . Map (db m67482) HM
48 Maryland, Allegany County, Cumberland — McNeill’s RaidCapture of Crook and Kelly
In the predawn darkness of February 21, 1865, Confederate Lt. Jesse McNeill and his partisan (guerrilla) rangers rode into Cumberland from the west on this road. Unlike most raiders who targeted the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for attack, . . . Map (db m155354) HM
49 Maryland, Allegany County, Keifers — Breaking Through a MountainChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
The Paw Paw Tunnel stands as a monument to the ability and daring of 19th century canal builders. By building the mile-long cut through the mountain, including the 3,118-foot tunnel, the canal avoided six miles of river bends and steep, rocky . . . Map (db m25098) HM
50 Maryland, Allegany County, Keifers — Paw Paw Tunnel Hill TrailChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park
Walk in the footsteps of the Irish and German laborers who built the Paw Paw Tunnel. Follow a portion of the access road they travelled to get to labor housing and work camps near the vertical shafts on the top of the mountain. Enjoy Potomac . . . Map (db m140024) HM
51 Maryland, Allegany County, Oldtown — Oldtown and Lock 70Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
The basin before you, above Lock 70, provided a landing for canal boats. A general store was built adjoining the original lockhouse. Across the lock a feed store was built. Boatmen could leave the hustle and bustle of Cumberland and tie up here to . . . Map (db m140010) HM
52 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — Aqueduct Stones
Because so many aqueduct stones were lost over the years, replacement stones were needed for the restoration in 2010-11. Beside this panel are an original stone and a new stone to be seen and touched. Note the tooled finish on the stone faces. . . . Map (db m101015) HM
53 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — BerlinChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior — Reported damaged
First called Berlin, later Barry, and finally named Brunswick in 1890, the town's fortunes fluctuated with the times. The canal was built here in 1834 and a large gristmill, powered by canal water, was built on the canal across from the towpath. . . . Map (db m4333) HM
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54 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — BrunswickFormerly Berlin — Gettysburg Campaign —
Union troops pursuing the Confederate army to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 crossed the Potomac River here. Called Berlin at the time of the Civil War, this town truly experienced the challenges of life on the border. Both . . . Map (db m1863) HM
55 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — Catoctin AqueductChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Today towpath hikers and bikers need a bridge to cross the Catoctin Creek here. Many decades ago canal boats needed a bridge too. The Catoctin Aqueduct, completed in 1834, served the canal until 1924. Imagine the scene here in the late 1800s - . . . Map (db m101305) HM
56 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — Explore a Trail NetworkChesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath: Brunswick Maryland — Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park, National Park Service, Department of the Interior —
Hike and bike from Pittsburgh to the Chesapeake Bay. You are standing on the part of the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail. Explore the Potomac River, Chesapeake Bay, and the Allegheny Highlands on this trail network that includes both land . . . Map (db m197955) HM
57 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — One Time RivalsB&O Railroad and C&O Canal
The Brunswick Railroad Museum and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park Visitor Center exist side by side today, just as the transportation modes did when first arriving here in 1834. However, the early relationship between canal . . . Map (db m60881) HM
58 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — The Beautiful Aqueduct
The Catoctin Aqueduct, or "Aqueduct No. 3," ranks as one of the premiere stone structures on the C&O Canal. Aqueducts carried the canal's waters over creeks and rivers, allowing boats to float safely above the sometimes turbulent waters below. . . . Map (db m101016) HM
59 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — Water PowerChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior — Reported damaged
Canal water was an important ingredient in the production of "C.F. Wenner's Choice Family Flour." Brunswick businessman Charles F. Wenner drew surplus water from the canal near Lock 30 to power the wheels and turbines of his flour mill. Wenner . . . Map (db m4334) HM
60 Maryland, Frederick County, Brunswick — Welcome to Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park TRACK TrailChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Things to Know Before You Go The Brunswick TRACK Trail is 0.8 miles one way (1.6 miles round trip) from this kiosk to milepost 56. The trail follows the path of the original towpath of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Along the . . . Map (db m197953) HM
61 Maryland, Frederick County, Myersville — C&O Canal
The 184-mile C&O Canal, where mule-drawn barges once lumbered alongside the Potomac River, provides a serene waterway for paddling and a towpath for hiking, biking and horseback riding.Map (db m116495) HM
62 Maryland, Frederick County, Myersville — C&O Canal
The 184-mile C&O Canal, where mule-drawn barges once lumbered alongside the Potomac River, provides a serene waterway for paddling and a towpath for hiking, biking and horseback riding.Map (db m196242) HM
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63 Maryland, Frederick County, Myersville — Explore Maryland In Search of Adventure
Maryland's Appalachian Region Offers Visitors Natural Splendor And Outdoor Adventure, Plus Countless Opportunities To Explore The Region's Rich Heritage—all Just A Few Miles Off Interstate 70. Maryland Byways, like the Historic National . . . Map (db m116525) HM
64 Maryland, Frederick County, Myersville — Explore Maryland in Search of Adventure
Maryland's Appalachian Region Offers Visitors Natural Splendor And Outdoor Adventure, Plus Countless Opportunities To Explore The Region's Rich Heritage—all Just A Few Miles Off Interstate 70. Maryland Byways, like the Historic National . . . Map (db m196240) HM
65 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — A Lockkeeper's Life
Lockkeepers were available anytime of the day or night to operate this lock. Tending lock was often a family venture and the canal company preferred family men. Lockkeepers were paid as much as $600 a year, and were provided a lockhouse with a . . . Map (db m100999) HM
66 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Battle at Point of Rocks
This [railroad] company was met by the most decided and inveterate opposition, on the part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. Philip E. Thomas, President, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company The proximity of railroad tracks by the . . . Map (db m7661) HM
67 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Lockhouse 28
Completed in 1837, Lockhouse 28 stands where fierce competition between the C&O Canal and the B&O Railroad brought both to a standstill. Both sides fought long and hard in the race to reach the Ohio River valley and control mid-Atlantic western . . . Map (db m100779) HM
68 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Point of RocksPoint of Rocks During the War
The rail line immediately before you served as an important means of supply and communication during the Civil War (the station, and tracks to Washington, D.C., on the southern or right side of the station were built later). Here at Point of Rocks, . . . Map (db m744) HM
69 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Point of RocksChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
In 1832, Point of Rocks served as the western terminus for the C&O Canal and the B&O Railroad. This was not deliberate, but the result of competition as the transportation pioneers wrangled in court for rights to the narrow passage between the . . . Map (db m59743) HM
70 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Point of RocksA "Landmark" Community — Canal Towns • Point of Rocks —
The "Point of Rocks" has long served as a distinguishing landmark along the Potomac River. Native Americans, and later colonial settlers and traders, used the vicinity as a home and transportation corridor. River transportation and improvements . . . Map (db m168024) HM
71 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Point of RocksThe C&O Canal — Canal Towns • Point of Rocks —
The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal was an ambitious project to provide access from the east coast into the rapidly developing western areas of the United States. Construction on the C&O Canal began July 4, 1828. It originated in Georgetown (Washington, . . . Map (db m168027) HM
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72 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Point of RocksChanges Over Time — Canal Towns • Point of Rocks —
The "Point of Rocks" has long served as a distinguishing natural feature for Native Americans residing and traveling through the region. Until the Treaty of Albany in 1722, including English state representatives and Iroquois Nations, the area . . . Map (db m168028) HM
73 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Point of Rocks
The B&O rail line served as an important means of supply and communication during the Civil War (the station and tracks to Washington, D.C., on the southern or right side of the station were built later). At Point of Rocks, the Baltimore & . . . Map (db m168030) HM
74 Maryland, Frederick County, Point of Rocks — Point of RocksThe B&O Railroad — Canal Towns • Point of Rocks —
The arrival of the B&O Railroad in Point of Rocks would have a major impact on the future development of the town. The first train arrived on April 23, 1832, and Point of Rocks remained the terminus of the Old Main Line for three years. Continued . . . Map (db m168032) HM
75 Maryland, Montgomery County, Bethesda — A Way for FishChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
If you walk down the short path to the water's edge and look upriver to your right, you can see Snake Island in the middle of Little Falls Dam. Just behind the island, hidden underwater, is a fishway—a passage that enables fish to swim beyond . . . Map (db m136927) HM
76 Maryland, Montgomery County, Bethesda — Inlet LocksChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Seven dams and one steam pump were built along the river to funnel water into the canal. In times of drought or low water, usually during the height of summer, river levels dropped dramatically. The canal could not get enough water from the river . . . Map (db m136925) HM
77 Maryland, Montgomery County, Bethesda — Lockhouse 6Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
From its inception the vision of the C&O Canal has evolved, constantly finding ways to be relevant. Built in 1829, Lockhouse 6 stands a mile upstream from Little Falls, site of the canal's July 4th groundbreaking the previous year. Lockhouse 6 . . . Map (db m112119) HM
78 Maryland, Montgomery County, Bethesda, Brookmont — A Canal HomeChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior — Reported permanently removed
“When I was 7, we moved [to the] lock, and we were very happy. My mother was so happy to have a home; she was just about wild. And we did love it here, as a locktender, you know?” —Lavenia Cross Waskey
. . . Map (db m112121) HM
79 Maryland, Montgomery County, Cabin John — "The best scenery lies beyond the city, especially in the neighborhood of Cabin John Creek…"Report of the McMillan Commission, 1902.
In the late 19th century the scenery and climate were so renowned that people traveled from distant points seeking the serenity and pleasures that Cabin John offered. They came for the fishing and to view the largest stone arch in the world, an . . . Map (db m164234) HM
80 Maryland, Montgomery County, Cabin John — At All Hours
It shall be the duty, at all hours, by night as well as day, to pass all boats and floats presenting themselves at their locks. — Charles Mercer, President, C&O Canal Company
Every time his boat passed through a . . . Map (db m103222) HM
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81 Maryland, Montgomery County, Cabin John — Building The Cabin John Bridge
"… in our midst exists one of the most imposing and wonderful structures which engineering skill could devise …" --William T.S. Curtis, November 1, 1897, from a paper read before the Columbia Historical Society. As late as the mid-19th . . . Map (db m22636) HM
82 Maryland, Montgomery County, Cabin John — Drop Gate Locks
The “drop gate” on this lift lock was a technological advance over the more common swing-gate lock. It was faster and could be more easily operated by a single employee. Only a few drop-gates were installed on the canal, most of . . . Map (db m103200) HM
83 Maryland, Montgomery County, Cabin John — Lockhouse 10Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
After being neglected for nearly a decade, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal received new life with the New Deal programs in the late 1930s. Two African American Civilian Conservation Corps camps were setup at nearby Cabin John and Carderock to . . . Map (db m105328) HM
84 Maryland, Montgomery County, Cabin John — The Lock-Keepers
A long blast on a tin horn followed by the boatman's shout of "Hey-ey-ey! Lock! Aw, Lock!" summoned the lock-keeper to duty. Lock-keepers were hired to "attend constantly and diligently by day and night," during the nine month boating season. They . . . Map (db m125189) HM
85 Maryland, Montgomery County, Darnestown — DarnestownConfederate Visit — Gettysburg Campaign —
On June 25-27, 1863, the Federal Army of the Potomac used two temporary pontoon bridges to cross the Potomac River from Virginia back into Maryland at Edwards Ferry. On the evening and morning of June 27-28, Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart led 5,000 . . . Map (db m1684) HM
86 Maryland, Montgomery County, Darnestown — Darnestown: A Strategic Point of DefenseThe Civil War
By the summer of 1861, the Union recognized Darnestown as an ideal location for establishing a major division headquarters. The town was strategically situated at the intersection of roads leading to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and to Washington, . . . Map (db m69731) HM
87 Maryland, Montgomery County, Darnestown — The Origins of DarnestownDarnestown
Darnestown Road is one of the oldest roads in Montgomery County. Once an old trail, the route dates back to 1600 when it was used by the Seneca Indians. Native Americans Established villages, planted maize, and fished along the Potomac Palisades. . . . Map (db m69645) HM
88 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — Chesapeake & Ohio Canal
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park. The canal and towpath are dedicated to Justice William O. Douglas of White Ferry.Map (db m810) HM
89 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — Chesapeake and Ohio AqueductAcross the Monocacy River
Largest of eleven C&O aqueducts. Finished 1833, Alfred Cruger, Principal Engineer. Constructed of quartzite from Sugarloaf Mountain. It served until 1924, when after a flood, commercial operations ceased. Administered by the National . . . Map (db m15016) HM
90 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — Monocacy AqueductToo Tough To Crack — Antietam Campaign 1862 —
Confederate Gen. D. H. Hill’s division crossed the Potomac at Point of Rocks on September 4, 1862, and marched south to clear Union forces from the area. His men breached and drained the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at several places, burned canal . . . Map (db m65210) HM
91 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — Springing Over the Monocacy / The Enduring AqueductChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Springing Over the Monocacy Captain William McNeill of the U.S. Topographical Engineers called this aqueduct “...a work which, while it is highly ornamental, unites...in its plan and execution, ‘the true principles of economy, . . . Map (db m714) HM
92 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White’s FerryChesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Before you is the last operating ferry on the Potomac River. Early settlers recognized these relatively still waters would provide an ideal location for a ferry. The first known ferry operation here was Conrad’s Ferry in 1817. After the Civil War, . . . Map (db m741) HM
93 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White’s FerryInvasion or Liberation? — Antietam Campaign 1862 —
The serenity of the Maryland countryside was shattered on September 4-6, 1862, as 35,000 Confederate soldiers of the Army of Northern Virginia waded across the Potomac River. Gen. Robert E. Lee, hoping to rally support in the divided state, sent . . . Map (db m173131) HM
94 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White’s FordCrossing the Potomac — Antietam Campaign 1862 — Reported permanently removed
A wing of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia commanded by Gen. James Longstreet, as well as part of Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry, crossed into Maryland just south of here on September 5-6, 1862. Other parts of the 40,000-man force, . . . Map (db m812) HM
95 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White's FordA Civil War Crossing and a Desperate Escape — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park —
During the Civil War, White's Ford on the Potomac River was employed by Confederate troops on three separate occasions. Lee's troops crossed here in their invasion of Maryland, September 4-7, 1862. General Jubal A. Early's II Corps, after an . . . Map (db m10145) HM
96 Maryland, Montgomery County, Dickerson — White's FordCrossing the Potomac — Antietam Campaign 1862 —
After Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's smashing victory over Union Gen. John Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas, Lee decided to invade Maryland to reap the fall harvest, gain Confederate recruits, earn foreign recognition of the . . . Map (db m237612) HM
97 Maryland, Montgomery County, Poolesville — An Ideal Crossing Reported missing
The Potomac River is calm and narrow here, making it an ideal location for a ferry crossing. In 1791 Edwards Ferry began to operate here, connecting Maryland farmers to the Goose Creek Canal in Virginia and to the Leesburg markets. The ferry closed . . . Map (db m78350) HM
98 Maryland, Montgomery County, Poolesville — At the Junction of War and Peace:Lockhouse 25 and Edwards Ferry — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park —
In the mid-nineteenth century, Lockhouse 25 and the surrounding community of Edwards Ferry, Maryland, reaped the advantages of their locations. With the nearby river lock, the area served as the bustling entry point to the C&O Canal for agricultural . . . Map (db m78348) HM
99 Maryland, Montgomery County, Poolesville — Edwards FerryStrategic Crossing — Gettysburg Campaign —
Gen. Joseph Hooker’s 75,000-man, seven-corps Army of the Potomac crossed the Potomac River here, June 25-27, 1863, on the way to Gettysburg. The army crossed on two 1,400-foot-long pontoon bridges. Heavy rains during those three days made the single . . . Map (db m33741) HM
100 Maryland, Montgomery County, Potomac — A Geologic Barrier
Canal engineers encountered many problems, but perhaps the most perplexing was navigating around the Great Falls of the Potomac. At Widewater the canal builders used a river channel abandoned thousands of years ago by the Potomac when it cut its . . . Map (db m164457) HM

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Mar. 19, 2024