| District of Columbia (Washington), Northwest — Fort Stevens |
| | Civil War Defenses of Washington 1861-1865 The partial reconstruction of Fort Stevens that you see today was done by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1937. No visible evidence of the original fort remains. Battle of Fort Stevens July 11-12, 1864 On July 11-12, 1864, Fort Stevens was the focal point of a Confederate attack by Gen. Jubal Early with his force of 15,000 soldiers. Defended by a meager force of convalescents, quartermaster employees and 100 day militia volunteers, Fort . . . — Map (db m3028) |
| Georgia (Bryan County), Richmond Hill — 015-6 — Fort McAllister — — 10 Mi. → |
| | Situated at Genesis Point, 10 miles east on the right bank of the Great Ogeechee River below the "lost town" of Hardwick, this fort was the right of the exterior line designed for the defense of Savannah. It
denied the use of the river to Union vessels, protected King`s Bridge (2.5 miles north) and the Savannah and Gulf (ACL) R.R. bridge 2 miles below, and preserved the river plantations from Union raids. Built 1861-62 to guard the `back door` to Savannah, during 1862-63 it repulsed with . . . — Map (db m8387) |
| Georgia (Catoosa County), Ringgold — 023-16 — Ringgold Gap — November 27, 1863 |
| | After the battle of Missionary Ridge, Bragg's Confederate Army retreated in disorder towards Dalton. Brig. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne was ordered to take position in the gap, hold back the Federals, and save the trains and artillery from capture. Exercising his only independent command, Cleburne utilized the terrain and his well-trained troops, to hold up Federals pursuit for five precious hours. The trains and artillery were saved. By Joint Resolution, the Confederate Congress thanked Cleburne for his achievement. — Map (db m12181) |
| Georgia (Clayton County), Jonesboro — 03-11 — Two Days of Battle at Jonesboro |
| | In this vicinity were fought the engagements that ended the Atlanta Campaign of 1864. Confederate forces under Gen. Hardee, endeavoring to defend the remaining R.R. to Atlanta, against outnumbering Federal troops, Aug. 31 & Sept. 1 were forced to withdraw to Lovejoy's The area within the enclosure was a burial place of Confederate soldiers who died in local hospitals during the war. After its close, Confederate casualties (buried on the battlefields where they fell) were removed to this . . . — Map (db m12330) |
| Georgia (Cobb County), Marietta — 033-52 — Kennesaw Battlefield |
| | One of the two abortive attempts to break Johnson’s line, * June 27, 1864, was made in this area by 3 Federal brigades. Deployed on the ridge W. of the stream & astride Burnt Hickory Rd., they moved E. toward the Spur of the mountain, which was the center of the attack.
The left of the charging line entered the gorge between the Spur & Little Kennesaw; the right swung around the point where the Spur impinges on the road.
During this battle, Federal regiments from Missouri battled . . . — Map (db m867) |
| Georgia (Fulton County), Atlanta — 060-31 — Battlefield of Peachtree Creek |
| | Lt. Gen. John B. Hood, on taking command of the Army of Tennessee [CS], July 18, 1864, began aggressive action against the Federal approach to Atlanta from
upper Chattahoochee crossings. July 20. Hood’s 1st move was to attack Thomas’ Army of the Cumberland before it crossed Peachtree Cr., but a delay in Confederate deployment enabled the Federals to gain positions south of the creek. Battle was joined in this area. Beginning in Clear Creek valley on the E., it moved progressively W. to . . . — Map (db m14415) |
| Georgia (Gordon County), Resaca — 064-9 — Battle of Resaca |
| | May 13, 1864, McPherson's 15th and 16th A.C. (US) moving from Snake Creek Gap reached this cross-roads where his forces were deployed for advance toward Camp Cr. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's Cav. Div. (US) led advance; during a sharp engagement he was wounded by skirmishers of Polk's Corp(CS). Night found the 20th, 14th & 23d Corps (US) N. on Dalton - Calhoun road, & by noon May 14th, Federal forces W. of Resaca were deployed on ridges parallel to & overlooking Camp Creek. The battle began 2.5 . . . — Map (db m11552) |
| Maryland (Charles County), Port Tobacco — John Wilkes Booth — Escape of an Assassin — War on the Chesapeake Bay |
| | Divided loyalties and ironies tore at Marylander’s hearts throughout the Civil War: enslaved African-Americans and free United States Colored Troops; spies and smugglers; civilians imprisoned without trial to protect freedom; neighbors and families at odds in Maryland and faraway battlefields. From the Eastern Shore to the suburbs of Washington, eastern Maryland endured those strains of civil war in ways difficult to imagine today.
Those strains continued even after Confederate General . . . — Map (db m1104) |
| Maryland (Frederick County), Frederick — Monocacy Battlefield |
| | has been designated a National Historic Landmark This site possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States of America 1973 National Parks Service United States Department of the Interior — Map (db m3294) |
| Mississippi (Lee County), Baldwyn — Battle of Brice's Cross Roads |
| | In Memory of the Men of the Confederate and the Federal Armies who took part in the Battle of Brice's Cross Roads or Tishimingo Creek June 10, 1864 which resulted in a victory for the Confederate forces under Brigadier General N. B. Forrest — Map (db m8367) |
| North Carolina (Harnett County), Dunn — Battle of Averasboro — Phase One – March 15, 16, 1865 |
| | You are standing near the center of the first phase of fighting in the Battle of Averasboro, March 15-16, 1865. On March 15th the left wing of General Sherman’s Union army, commanded by General H.W. Slocum, was advancing along this road (A) from Fayetteville to Averasboro. General H.J. Kilpatrick’s cavalry division was in the lead, skirmishing with General Joseph Wheeler’s Confederate cavalry which contested the Union advance. At 3:00 P.M. the Union forces struck a heavy Confederate skirmish . . . — Map (db m5831) |
| North Carolina (Johnston County), Bentonville — Bentonville |
| | This memorial marks the battlefield of Bentonville where, on March 19-21, 1865, General Joseph E. Johnston, with about 15,000 Confederate troops, principally from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi, checked the advance of Major-General W.T. Sherman’s army of United States troops until confronted with overwhelming numbers. Conspicuous in this battle were three regiments and one battalion of North Carolina Junior Reserves in Major-General Robert F. Hoke’s . . . — Map (db m5843) |
| North Carolina (Lenoir County), Kinston — Battle of Wyse Fork — Last Mass Capture of Union Troops — Carolinas Campaign |
| | The yellow sidebar in the upper left of the marker provides a brief synopsis of the Carolinas Campaign. It states:
The Carolinas Campaign began on February 1, 1865, when Union Gen. William T. Sherman led his army north from Savannah, Georgia, after the “March to the Sea.” Sherman’s objective was to join Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in Virginia to crush Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Scattered Confederate forces consolidated in North Carolina, the Confederacy’s . . . — Map (db m23802) |
| Pennsylvania (York County), Hanover — Battle of Hanover |
| | June 30, 1863
between Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's
3rd Cavalry Division Army of the Potomac
and
Major Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's Cavalry Division
Army of Northern Virginia — Map (db m4997) |
| South Carolina (Bamberg County), Ehrhardt — Battle of Rivers' Bridge — Feb. 2-3, 1865 |
| | Invasion! In January 1865, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's army of 60,000 Union soldiers invaded South Carolina. Its goals: to link up with Ulysses S. Grant's forces opposing Robert E. Lee's Confederates in Virginia and destroy the South's ability and will to support troops in the field. Here, on February 2-3, 1865, part of Sherman's army clashed with Confederate troops along the Salkehatchie River. In the two-day battle of Rivers Bridge, Confederates made the most
determined resistance . . . — Map (db m7437) |
| Tennessee (Hamilton County), Chattanooga — Andrews Raiders — Ohio's Tribute |
| | Front of the Monument
Ohio's Tribute
To The Andrews Raiders
1862
Erected 1890.
Right side of the Monument
Escaped
21st Ohio Vol. Inf.
J. Alfred Wilson, Co. C
Mark Wood, " "
Wm. J. Knight, " E
Wilson W. Brown, " F
John R. Porter, " G
33rd Ohio Vol. Inf.
Martin J. Hawkins, Co. A
John Wollam, " C
Daniel Allen Dorsey, " H
Back side of the Monument
Executed
James J. Andrews, Flemingsburg, KY.
Marion A. Ross, Co. A, . . . — Map (db m20413) |
| Tennessee (Knox County), Knoxville — Fort Dickerson — Civil War Earthen Fort |
| | –1863–
• One of sixteen Union Army earthen forts and battery positions protecting Knoxville, Nov. 1863–May 1865.
• Named for Capt. Jonathan C. Dickerson, 112th Illinois Mounted Infantry who was killed near Cleveland, TN on Sept. 18, 1863.
• Repulsed assaults by 5,000 Confederate Cavalry under Gen. Joe Wheeler, Nov 15-16, 1863
• Withstood the Siege of Knoxville, Nov 17–Dec 4, 1863.
• Provided artillery support for the Battles of Armstrong’s Hill, Nov 25 . . . — Map (db m4319) |
| Virginia, Lynchburg — Lynchburg — Early and Hunter |
| | In early May 1864, while Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee confronted the Union Army of the Potomac west of Fredericksburg, Union Gen. U.S. Grant sent Gen. Franz Sigel’s army to destroy Lee’s supplies in the Shenandoah Valley. After the Union defeat at New Market on May 15, Grant relieved Sigel and ordered his replacement, Gen. David Hunter, to seize Lynchburg, a strategic railway and supply center for the Confederate army. Hunter routed Confederate forces at Piedmont June 5th, captured both . . . — Map (db m3942) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — A Civil War Redoubt — The Manassas Museum System |
| | This 11-acre historic park, part of the Manassas Museum System, contains one of only two surviving Civil War fortifications in the City of Manassas. The earthwork was built by Confederate troops in the Spring of 1861 as part of the Manassas Junction defenses, on the Hooe family farm, Mayfield. The historic site contains the Mayfield house foundation and the Hooe family cemetery, as well as walking trails, interpretive markers, and reproduction cannon. Please proceed along the marked trails . . . — Map (db m2366) |
| Virginia, Naval Station, Norfolk — Virginia and Monitor |
| | Across Hampton Roads from this point the C.S.S. Virginia (Merrimac) and the U.S.S. Monitor fought, March 9, 1862. This was the first combat between iron-clad vessels in the history of the world. After a severe engagement in which each vessel failed to pierce the other’s armour, the Monitor retired. On the previous day, the Virginia had destroyed the U.S.S. Congress and the U.S.S. Cumberland, and dispersed the remainder of the Federal fleet. — Map (db m16420) |
| Virginia (Appomattox County), Appomattox Court House — Appomattox |
| | Here on Sunday April 9, 1865, after four years of heroic struggle in defense of principles believed fundamental to the existence of our government, Lee surrendered 9000 men, the remnant of an army still unconquered in spirit. — Map (db m6005) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Brandy Station — The Battle of Brandy Station — The Civil War in Culpeper County |
| | On June 9, 1863, the Civil War visited the river fords, farmer's fields and rolling hills near Brandy Station. During the intense daylong fighting that swirled all around the little town, Confederate and Union horsemen clashed in the largest cavalry battle of the war. By nightfall, the Union cavalrymen had finally proved that they could match the legendary skills of the Southern horsemen. The Battle of Brandy Station failed to stop Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North that summer, though it . . . — Map (db m4398) |
| Virginia (Culpeper County), Culpeper — The Battle of Cedar Mountain — August 9, 1862 |
| | In the summer of 1862 General John Pope formed the Federal Army of Virginia. While the elements of this new 63,000-man army were converging upon Culpeper, Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson saw that part of the Union army - 12,000 men led by Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks - had become isolated here beside Cedar Mountain. Jackson took the opportunity to attack. On the blistering hot afternoon of August 9 the armies clashed in a mismanaged battle, but in the end, Jackson's 24,000 soldiers . . . — Map (db m4444) |
| Virginia (Dinwiddie County), Burgess — S 63 — Battle of Hatcher’s Run — 5-7 February 1865 |
| | Hoping to cut Lee’s supply route into Petersburg, in February 1865 Grant ordered two army corps led by Major Generals Gouverneur K. Warren and Andrew A. Humphreys to seize the Boydton Plank Road. The Confederate corps commanded by Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon successfully blocked Warren’s attacks at nearby Dabney’s Mill on 6-7 February, and Warren’s corps withdrew to its previous position. The brief Union campaign enabled Grant to extend his lines, and cost the Confederates the life of Brig. Gen. John Pegram on 6 February. — Map (db m6486) |
| Virginia (Dinwiddie County), Dinwiddie — Battle of Five Forks |
| | Here at Five Forks on April 1, 1865 10,000 Confederates, commanded by General Pickett, were overwhelmed by about 50,000 Federal troops, led by General Sheridan, thereby opening the way to the Southside Railroad making further defense of Petersburg
and Richmond impossible. Withdrawal to Appomattox followed. Dedicated to the memory of the valiant Dinwiddie soldiers, as well as to all soldiers of the South and North, taking part in this encounter. Presented by the Dinwiddie Confederate . . . — Map (db m6225) |
| Virginia (Dinwiddie County), Petersburg — Lee's Retreat — Pamplin Historical Park & The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier |
| | April 2, 1865. Here, the Union’s Sixth Army Corps broke through the Confederate line defending Petersburg, causing a series of actions which eventually led to the evacuation of the city by Lee’s army that evening. Nearby, Confederate General A.P. Hill was killed in the day’s fighting. Next Stop Sutherland Station 5.1 miles — Map (db m6080) |
| Virginia (Dinwiddie County), Petersburg — The Battle of White Oak Road — The Walking Trail |
| | Welcome to the Civil War Preservation Trust’s White Oak Road Battlefield! The battlefield walking trail is a two-thirds-of-a-mile path that takes you past six wayside signs interpreting the 1865 battle, the remains of the Confederate earthworks, and two well preserved gun emplacements. Allow one hour to walk this trail. The trail has a hard-packed walking surface; please do not stray from this trail. Beware of ticks and snakes that thrive in the woods surrounding the trail. Please stay off the . . . — Map (db m14795) |
| Virginia (Dinwiddie County), Reams — The Battle of Reams Station — The Exposed Position of the Federal Artillery |
| | The first field fortifications were built at Reams Station on July 1, 1864 by soldiers of the Union Sixth Corps while tearing up the railroad following the return of the ill-fated Wilson-Kautz cavalry raid. Hastily thrown up, the works were "L" shaped with the small arm of the "L" running north-south along the Petersburg (& Weldon) Railroad and the other face angled northwest. Whe Federal soldiers arrived at the works on August 23rd they found that the trenches had been ravaged by weather. . . . — Map (db m13797) |
| Virginia (Fairfax County), Fairfax — The Battle of Ox Hill |
| | (Kiosk Panel): Ox Hill Battlefield Park & Interpretive Trail This small park is the last remnant of Fairfax County’s only major Civil War battlefield. The Battle of Ox Hill, also known as the “Battle of Chantilly,” lasted but a few hours on the afternoon of September 1, 1862. Here, some 6,000 Union troops encountered and attacked about 17,000 Confederates of General Stonewall Jackson. It was a “beastly, comfortless conflict” fought during a ferocious . . . — Map (db m15599) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Middletown — Battle of Cedar Creek |
| | October 19, 1864. General Philip Sheridan defeated General Jubal Early here for the third time in 30 days. Sheridan’s pursuit of Confederates from Fisher’s Hill halted at Mount Crawford. On his return he encamped his three corps in this immediate area. Early followed the Federals, arriving at Fisher’s Hill October 13. Scarcity of food and forage forced him to decide on attack or withdrawal. Early chose to take the offensive despite the odds. At 4:30 a.m. on the 19th, General J. B. Gordon began . . . — Map (db m581) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Kernstown Battles |
| | Around this site and a mile to the west occurred two major battles of the Civil War. First Kernstown March 23, 1862 Stonewall Jackson attacked what appeared to be a withdrawing federal force led by federal Br. Gen. Shields. Desperate fighting along a stone wall west of here ended with the arrival of federal reinforcements and Jackson was forced to withdraw. This action opened Jackson’s famous Valley Campaign and succeeded in preventing the withdrawal of Federals from the Valley to . . . — Map (db m2632) |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester |
| | (Left Side): The Third Battle of Winchester - September 19, 1864 Bloodiest Battle of the Shenandoah Valley Gen. Jubal Early assuming that Gen. Phil Sheridan was yet another cautious Union commander, divided his roughly 14,000 troops on a wide front north from Winchester. Sheridan planned to use his army of 39,000 men to attack the portion of Early's force near Winchester. Early, however, learned of the impending attack and raced to concentrate his army at Winchester. The Third . . . — Map (db m3090) |
| Virginia (Hanover County), Doswell — EA 1 — North Anna River Campaign — 21-26 May 1864 |
| | Approaching Richmond from the north after the Wilderness Campaign, Lt. General U.S. Grant sought to cross the North Anna River and capture the critical rail center at Hanover Junction (Doswell). General R. E. Lee ordered the construction of a complex web of earthworks here to defend the river crossing and junction. The Union army probed the defenses and captured some of them but soon abandoned the effort and moved east toward Cold Harbor. — Map (db m14867) |
| Virginia (Hanover County), Mechanicsville — Beaver Dam Creek — Richmond Battlefield — Richmond Nat’l Battlefield Pk – 1862/64 |
| | General Robert E. Lee’s plan on June 26, 1862 did not anticipate a direct assault on the Union position here at Beaver Dam Creek. He hoped to maneuver instead of force to drive Fitz John Porter’s troops away from their powerful entrenchments. But Lee’s carefully crafted plan fell apart. Poor coordination among his various columns caused delays. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s 20,000 men were not able to get into position north of here, above Beaver Dam Creek, before sunset. . . . — Map (db m14983) |
| Virginia (Hanover County), Mechanicsville — Cold Harbor Battlefield — Richmond Battlefield — Richmond Nat’l Battlefield Pk – 1862/64 |
| | Here Grant and Lee, with combined armies numbering some 180,000 men, fought for two weeks in May and June of 1864. They came here directly after the battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and North Anna River. Grant stretched his line to seven miles here and attacked, but his assaults, especially on June 1 and 3, failed. Undaunted, he marched his army south to Petersburg and began the long process of cutting Richmond’s supply lines. Although these fields and woodlots around Cold Harbor . . . — Map (db m15047) |
| Virginia (Hanover County), Mechanicsville — Cold Harbor Battlefield Walking Trail — Hanover County Parks and Recreation |
| | For thirteen days Union and Confederate armies faced each other around Cold Harbor, their lines separated by only 150 yards of ravaged ground. Twice, on June 1 and June 3 1864, savage fighting erupted when the Federals launched massive assaults against the entrenched Confederates. You are standing near the center of the Union lines, held by the Sixth Corps. From here, Grant’s lines extended two miles south to the Chickahominy River and nearly five miles to the north. To view this section of . . . — Map (db m16214) |
| Virginia (Hanover County), Mechanicsville — Gaines’ Mill — Richmond Battlefield — Richmond Nat’l Battlefield Pk – 1862/64 |
| | The action here on June 27, 1862, was the second-largest battle in American history up to that time. One day earlier General Robert E. Lee had pried the Union Fifth Corps from its position at Beaver Dam Creek. Here he brought 65,000 Confederate soldiers to bear against that same corps, which stood on this ground with its back less than two miles from the Chichahominy River and with its front protected by the steep ravine of Boatswain Creek. A vigorous defense by the Union Fifth Corps repulsed . . . — Map (db m15022) |
| Virginia (Henrico County), Glendale — PA 159 — Glendale (Frayser’s Farm) |
| | In this vicinity, the Union Army of the Potomac made a stand on 30 June 1862, during its retreat from the Chickahominy River toward the James River. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan posted several Union divisions facing east and north to protect this intersection, known locally as Riddell’s Shop. In the ensuing battle, Confederate divisions commanded by Major Generals James Longstreet and A. P. Hill attacked the Union divisions of Brig. Gen. George A. McCall and Maj. Gen. Philip Kearney. The . . . — Map (db m15058) |
| Virginia (Henrico County), Granville — V 4 — Malvern Hill |
| | Nearby stood the Malvern Hill manor house built for Thomas Cocke in the 17th century. The Marquis de Lafayette camped here in July-August 1781, and elements of the Virginia militia encamped nearby during the War of 1812. During the Civil War, 1 July 1862, Gen. Robert E. Lee attacked Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Union Army of the Potomac here as it retreated to the James River from the gates of Richmond. Although he dealt Lee a bloody defeat, McClellan continued his withdrawal to Harrison's . . . — Map (db m9603) |
| Virginia (Henrico County), Lakeside — E 51 — Battle of Yellow Tavern |
| | On 11 May, 1864, Confederate cavalry commanded by Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart chose ground just east of here to engage Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, who was advancing on Richmond by way of Mountain Road. Outnumbered three to one, Stuart’s troopers stubbornly resisted until vigorous attacks spearheaded by Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer’s Michigan brigade broke their line. As the Confederate cavalry retired east towards Telegraph Road, Sheridan’s men broke through and . . . — Map (db m3717) |
| Virginia (Henrico County), Richmond — PA 153 — Second Battle of Deep Bottom |
| | About noon on 16 Aug. 1864, Union Brig. Gen. Alfred H. Terry, with almost 5,000 men in four brigades, attacked the Confederate line over this ground. In a brief yet vicious struggle, Terry's men broke through 400 yards west of here. During the melee, Brig. Gen. Victor J. B. Girardey, leading a Georgia brigade, was shot down; Brig. Gen. John R. Chambliss, a Virginian, was also killed that day. Later in the afternoon, the tide turned when Maj. Gen. Charles W. Field orchestrated a bloody . . . — Map (db m16179) |
| Virginia (Henrico County), Sandston — Seven Pines — Bloody Stalemate — 1862 Peninsula Campaign |
| | Confederate attacks on May 31, 1862, designed to push the Union army away from Richmond, struck an isolated wing of the Federal Fourth Corps in this vicinity. The heaviest action took place along the Williamsburg Road. Marching from the west, men of Gen. D.H. Hill’s Division broke Gen. Silas Casey’s line and pushed on toward the Seven Pines crossroads east of here. Close-quarters fighting raged in and around Casey’s Redoubt, which stood close to this spot. Hill’s attack unleashed “the . . . — Map (db m10595) |
| Virginia (Highland County), McDowell — Battle of McDowell |
| | May 8, 1862, one mile southeast, Jackson and Edward Johnson, C.S.A. defeated Nilroy and Schenck, U.S.A.
This church served both Blue and Gray as a hospital. — Map (db m4278) |
| Virginia (Highland County), West Augusta — Fort Edward Johnson |
| | On April 19, 1862, General Johnson, with General Lee’s approval, moved our regiment from Allegheny Mountain to Shenandoah Mountain. To protect ourselves from Yankee bullets, we dug about a mile of trench in this rocky ground. We then opened our field of fire by cutting down trees on the western slopes – the direction the Union Army was coming from. We made breastworks by first piling logs laid on the downhill side of the trench, and then piling dirt on the outside of the logs. Our . . . — Map (db m16775) |
| Virginia (Loudoun County), Leesburg — The Battle at Ball’s Bluff |
| | On the night of October 20, 1861, a small Federal scouting party crossed the Potomac River from Maryland to determine whether recent troop movements indicated a Confederate withdrawal from Leesburg. Advancing inland from Ball’s Bluff, the Federals moved past this point, crested a low ridge near the Jackson house, and saw in the dim moonlight what appeared to be a Confederate Camp. Upon learning of this, the Federal commander, Brig. Gen. Charles P. Stone, saw a target of opportunity and quickly . . . — Map (db m2205) |
| Virginia (Louisa County), Louisa — Battle of Trevillians |
| | — Fought here June 11, 12, 1864 — Confederate Gens. Wade Hampton, Fitzhugh Lee and Thomas L. Rosser, victors over Federal Gens. P.H. Sheridan and G.A. Custer 5000 Confederates, 8000 Federal Casualties Confederate 612 Federal 1,007 Greatest all-cavalry battle of the war Signal Confederate victory — Map (db m14300) |
| Virginia (Orange County), Locust Grove — Battle of the Wilderness — Wilderness Exhibit Shelter — East Wall |
| | The Armies The Army of the Potomac Throughout the winter of 1863-1864, the armies rested and refitted on opposites sides of the Rapidan River. The ranks of the Union army swelled with thousands of new draftees and recruits - soldiers whose commitment to the cause many questioned. "Never in a war...did the rank and file feel a more resolute earnestness for a just cause, and a more invincible determination to succeed...." Wilbur Fisk, 2nd Vermont Infantry, April 7, 1864 . . . — Map (db m7393) |
| Virginia (Orange County), Locust Grove — Mine Run Campaign |
| | Amidst numbing cold and stinging rain, in late 1863 Union General George G. Meade and his Army of the Potomac attempted a year-end stroke against Robert E. Lee. This effort climaxed along Mine Run, two miles in front of you. Since Gettysburg, much had happened but little had been accomplished by either side. In late November, General Meade tried to change all that. Meade's plan: cross the Rapidan below Lee's right flank, turn westward, and fight Lee in the open spaces of Orange County. . . . — Map (db m4693) |
| Virginia (Prince Edward County), Rice — Sailor’s Creek |
| | Here Lee fought his last battle, April 6, 1865. Ewell almost won a great vic- tory but was overwhelmed by Sheridan. Nottoway Chapter U.D.C. 1928 — Map (db m11806) |
| Virginia (Rockingham County), Cross Keys — Cross Keys Battlefield |
| | Here, June 8, 1862, Gen. J. C. Fremont—pursuing Gen. T. J. “Stonewall” Jackson—was checked by Gen. R. S. Ewell with part of Jackson’s army, which lay towards Port Republic. Federals engaged: 12,750, killed and wounded: 684. Confederates engaged: 8,000, killed and wounded: 288. — Map (db m4056) |
| Virginia (Rockingham County), Lynnwood — JD-10 — Battle of Port Republic |
| | The cross road here roughgly divides the Confederate and Union lines in the battle of JUne 9, 1862. Jackson attacked Shields, coming southward to join Fremont, but was repulsed. Reinforced by Ewell, Jackson attacked again and drove Shields from the field. At the same time he burned the bridge at Port Republic, preventing Fremont from coming to Shields’ aid. — Map (db m2932) |
| Virginia (Shenandoah County), Fishers Hill — Battle of Fisher's Hill |
| | September 22, 1864 General Philip Sheridan with 30,000 Federals defeated General Jubal Early with 11,000 Confederates. Driven in route from Winchester September 19, by Sheridan's overpowering numbers, Early formed his line of battle across the brow of this hill, overlooking Tumbling Run, and prepared to check Federal pursuit. The 4-mile front was too long for the badly outnumbered Confederates to hold. On the 22nd, Sheridan concentrated Generals H.G. Wright's and W.H. Emory's corps against . . . — Map (db m4139) |
| Virginia (Shenandoah County), New Market — The Battle of New Market |
| | The Battle of New Market was fought here Sunday morning, May 15, 1864. The Confederates under Gen. J. C. Breckinridge were victorious over the Federals under Gen. Franz Sigel. The decisive incident of the battle was the heroic capture of the Federal battery by the V.M.I. cadets. — Map (db m551) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Chancellorsville — Chancellorsville Campaign |
| | April 27-May 6, 1863. Leaving a large detachment under Sedgwick in front of Fredericksburg, Hooker marched a flanking column around and behind the Confederates. Lee then left a small unit to face Sedgwick and advanced westward to meet Hooker. Thereupon, Hooker dropped the initiative and entrenched at Chancellorsville. Lee again divided his army, sending Jackson, May 2, to flank Hooker's right. That attack and severe fighting on May 3 drove Hooker to a rear position. Meanwhile, Sedgwick broke . . . — Map (db m3517) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Spotsylvania — The Battle of Spotsylvania — Spotsylvania Exhibit Shelter — West Wall |
| | "Nothing in history equals this contest. Desperate, long and deadly, it still goes on. From morn till night, nor ends the carnage there -- all night it goes on too. I cannot tell you any of the particulars. You could not understand it. I do not understand it myself. I doubt if any one does... Who's able to describe these terrific cannonades, tearing men, animals, and the earth and the woods, the fierce charge and shout, the panic and stampede. The crush of horses, vehicles, and men [in] . . . — Map (db m10708) |
| Virginia (Spotsylvania County), Waverly Village — Salem Church |
| | Spotsylvania Baptists built this church in 1844 and named it Salem, a Biblical word meaning peace. Two decades later, Salem Church was engulfed by war. Initially the church had just 29 members, but by 1859 the number had risen to 77, 20 of whom were black. Black worshippers entered the church through a separate door – still visible to your left – that led to a separate gallery. White members entered through the main entrance, women to the left, men to the right.
The Civil War . . . — Map (db m3503) |
| Virginia (Warren County), Front Royal — Front Royal — Crossroads of War |
| | During the Civil War, Front Royal, a “cross-roads town” of fewer than 600 residents, was the economic center of Warren County. One soldier described the town as “...quite rural. The principal objects of interest are two small churches and the town pump. The streets run all manner of ways, crossing each other at all points of the angle. Terrifically muddy and awfully gloomy.”
The homes of Bel Air, Rose Hill, Bon Air, Oakley and Hillcrest, now absorbed in the town, . . . — Map (db m2436) |
| West Virginia (Randolph County), Beverly — Rich Mountain — Rich Mountain Battlefield Civil War Site |
| | On July 11, 1861, a Federal flank attack surprised Confederates guarding this pass The battle of Rich Mountain took place here where the Staunton-Parkersburg turnpike crossed the crest of the mountain. About 2:30 pm, the Union forces began their attack down the hill on your right. The 310 Confederate troops on guard here with their one cannon took cover behind hastily erected log breastworks, farm buildings, and the rocks in the stable yard across the road. After over two hours of . . . — Map (db m23592) |
| West Virginia (Tucker County), Parsons — Corricks Ford Battlefield — Death of a General and Birth of a State |
| | "They have not given me an adequate force. I can do nothing. They have sent me to my death." Gen. Robert S. Garnet CSA "I have made a very clean sweep of it." Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan USA Confederate Gen. Robert S. Garnett took command of the Army of the Northwest in this region after the "Philippi Races," first land battle of the Civil War. By June 16, 1861, Garnett's 5,300 Confederates dug in at Rich Mountain and Laurel Hill, more than 25 miles south, to stop an . . . — Map (db m23654) |
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