| Virginia, Winchester — 114th New York Volunteer Infantry — Sept. 3. 1862 - June 8. 1865. — 1st Brigade - First Division - 19th Army Corps |
| | (Back):Erected by the State of New York In honor of her sons of the 114th Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry,A tribute to their devotion to duty, their unfaltering courage and glorious sacrifices. Tested on many fields, their valor was most conspicuous at Winchester Virginia Sept, 19th 1864, in holding advanced defensive lines at a loss, killed and wounded, of 188 of the 315 engaged, and at Cedar Creek Virginia Oct 19th 1864, in resisting flank attacks and joining in the final . . . — Map (db m26027) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 123rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry |
| | In Memory of 123rd Regt. O.V.I. 6th Corps 24th Corps 1862 - 1899 — Map (db m26567) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 12th Connecticut Volunteer Regiment |
| | (Front):Connecticut's tribute to her fallen heroes erected Oct. 19, 1896. (Right Side):12th Regiment C.V. organized Sept. 16. 1861. Mustered out Aug. 12. 1865. (Left Side):Engagements Georgia Landing, La. Oct. 27. 1862. Capture Gun Boat "Cotton," La. Jan. 14.1863. Pattersonville. La. Mar. 27. 1863. Bisland La. Apr. 13. 1863. Siege of Port Hudson La. May 25. to July 9. 1863. Brashear City. La. June 23. 1863. Winchester & Opequan. Va. Sept. 19. 1864. Fishers Hill. Va. Sept. . . . — Map (db m26516) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 13th Connecticut Volunteer Regiment |
| | (Front):13th. Regt. Conn. Vols. (Back):Georgia Landing La. Oct. 27, 1862. Irish Bend La. Apr. 14, 1863. Vermillion Bayou La. Apr. 17, 1863. Siege of Port Hudson May 24, to July 9, 1863. Cane River La. Apr. 22, 1864. Mansura La. May 16, 1864. Winchester Va. Sep. 19, 1864. Fisher's Hill Va. Sep. 22, 1864. Cedar Creek Va. Oct. 19, 1864. — Map (db m26519) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 14th New Hampshire Regiment |
| | (Front): New Hampshire erects this monument to the memory of her brave sons of her 14th Regiment who fell in battle Sept. 19, 1864 upon this field and are here buried in one common grave. Capts. W.H. Chaffin. W.A. Fosgate. Lieuts. H.S. Paul. J.A. Fiske. (Right):Sergts. C.C. Wilson. G.W. Felch. M.MaGurdy. A.A. Baker. Corpls. N.P. Rust. G.W. Hazen. S. Tasker. N.W. Noyes. D.W. Chase. (Back):Privts. N. Waman. S.H. Young. G. Perrigo C.L. Wetherbee. F.D. Andrews. H.L. Haynes . . . — Map (db m25925) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 18th Connecticut Volunteer Regiment |
| | (Front):18th. Conn. Vol. Regt.
(Left Side):Winchester New Market Piedmont
(Right Side):Kernstown Cedar Creek Berryville
(Back):Lynchburg Nicker's Ford Winchester — Map (db m26486) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 2nd Battle of Winchester |
| | June 13–15, 1863 General Richard S. Ewell with 14,000 Confederates defeated General Robert H. Milroy with 6,900 Federals. Prior to his second invasion of the North, Lee sent Ewell to Winchester to clear the Valley of Federals. Dividing his forces, Ewell on June 14th deployed General E. Johnson’s division to divert Milroy’s attention to the east, while General J.A. Early’s troops marched undetected around southwestern limits of town to attack from the west at 6 p.m. Anticipating . . . — Map (db m2518) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 3rd Battle of Winchester — September 19, 1864 |
| | In the late summer of 1864 General Philip H. Sheridan with 41,000 Federals was ordered to take the vital Shenandoah Valley.Opposing this force was a Confederate army of 18,000 under General Jubal A. Early stationed north and east of Winchester. On September 19, Sheridan moved on Winchester from the east employing Generals H.G.Wright's and W.H. Emery's Corps. The Confederates under Generals R.E. Rodes and J.B. Gordon counterattacked but were driven back by overwhelming numbers. Sheridan the sent . . . — Map (db m4789) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 3rd Massachusetts Cavalry |
| | (Front):3rd Mass. Cavalry Sheridan's Valley Campaign 1864 Casualties Killed and Wounded 207 Erected Sept. 19, 1888 (Back):3rd Mass. Cavalry 19th Corps — Map (db m26381) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — 6th Army Corps |
| | (Inscription on Front):Brig. Gen. David A. Russell U.S. Vols. 1st Div. 6th Army Corps Major 8th U.S. Infty. Bvt. Maj. Genl. U.S.A. Born, Salem, N.Y. Dec. 10, 1820 Killed in Action Opequon, Va. Sept. 19, 1864. (Back):Erected By The Survivors Of The Sixth Army Corps And Their Friends Dedicated Sept. 19, 1891. — Map (db m26565) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — A View of Winchester in 1745 - The Four Public Lots |
| | Winchester, originally known as Frederick Town, was officially founded in 1744 by Col. James Wood. It was the first British town established west of the Blue Ridge mountains and in believed to have looked something like this. These four public lots were conveyed to the town by Wood from land he purchased from Thomas, Lord Fairfax, who owned over 5,282,000 acres of land stretching from the headwaters of the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers to the Chesapeake Bay, roughly the size of the state of . . . — Map (db m26873) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Abram’s Delight — “Best wishes to all at your house” |
| | The oldest dwelling in Winchester, Abram’s Delight experienced the passage of both Union and Confederate armies during the war. Although the property stood in the path of the First Battle of Winchester on May 25, 1862, it survived and now illustrates the civilian side of the conflict. Mary Hollingsworth and her siblings, Jonah and Annie, occupied the house during the war. Standing more than six feet tall, Mary Hollingsworth may have impersonated a man to spy for the Confederates, according to . . . — Map (db m2606) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Abram’s Delight |
| | Abram’s Delight is the oldest home in Winchester. 582 acres of land was granted to Abraham Hollingsworth in 1734. The first log house on the site was replaced by the present stone structure built in 1754 by Isaac Hollingsworth, a Quaker, son of Abraham. Family heirlooms and original objects from the mid 18th and early 19th century furnish the home of one of Winchester's most prominent families. — Map (db m2616) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd — 1888 - 1957 |
| | The Winchester native attended the Virginia Military Institute, The University of Virginia, and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy, 1912. He was a pioneer aviator and Polar explorer. In 1926, he was the first to fly over the North Pole for which he was awarded the U.S. Congressional Medal of Honor. In 1927, with three companions, he flew the Atlantic, flight time 42 hours. Admiral Byrd commanded five expeditions to the Antarctic to explore the unknown regions from the air. In 1929, Byrd, . . . — Map (db m26876) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Alabama — Roster of Her Fallen Heroes |
| | Sgt. Virgil May Jr. - Alfred C Bond D C Rankin - Wm D Galloway Theo J Lester - Sgt W H Thomas Capt Wm B Hunt - G W Hanna J Thomas - Wm Wyeth Cpl Robt W Yeldell - I Culver Henry S Smith - J Furguson J H Trawick - P S McLory F M Yancy - F Holtz Ben F Trotter - J W Dunnan A W Thompson - Wm M McCall A D Moore - T J Wilson Marcus Mann - E A Mabry H S Murel - Sgt Wm T Harper J J Thompson - O H Campbell S Glaze - Robt Williams Wm W Trent - W J Hendrix Sam Cartwright - M S Moore Confederacy . . . — Map (db m26843) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Braddock Cannon |
| | (Left Side): This monument marks the trail taken by the army of General Braddock, which left Alexandria April 9, 1755 to defend the western frontier against the French and Indians. Erected by the Society of Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia, May 27, 1915 (Right Side): The cannon here used was abandoned by General Braddock at old Alexandria 1755. The stones of the pedestal are from 1. The Blue Ridge. 2. The Shenandoah River. 3. Shawnee Springs. 4. Jost Hite’s . . . — Map (db m2649) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Braddock Street Methodist Church |
| | "To Serve the Present Age" - Charles Wesley From Court House to Church Thirty-two charter members met July 24, 1858, in the Frederick County Court House and were organized as a congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Virginia Conference. The first church building was erected 1858-59 on this site near the corner of Braddock and Wolfe. The first service was the celebrating of Christmas, 1858, in the basement at the partially completed church. The church building was . . . — Map (db m7342) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Catherine B. Conrad |
| | 1836–1902. This house was built for Kate Conrad in 1889. Member of a prominent Winchester family, she devoted her life to educational and religious activities. She was an administrator for the Slater Trust of Boston, which sought to educate former slaves during the reconstruction. She established the “Training School for Colored Cooks,” a free Winchester Institution. She was a founding member of the Confederate Memorial Association. Kate never married. According to one . . . — Map (db m5599) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Colonel James Wood |
| | Colonel James Wood, the founder of Winchester, was a native of the ancient city of the same name in England. He laid out and founded the new town prior to 1740. It received a charter of incorporation from the colonial legislature in February 1752. Colonel Wood was the first surveyor of the county of Orange, from which the new county of Frederick was carved by authority of an act of the House of Burgesses passed in 1738. Upon the formal organization of Frederick County, in 1743, he was . . . — Map (db m26892) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Daniel Morgan House — 1786 |
| | In 1802 General Morgan died in this home built by George F. Norton in 1786. The house has been carefully nurtured over the centuries by the Boyd, Sherrard, Massie, Smith, Gaunt and Schember families. — Map (db m2650) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Eighth Vermont Volunteers |
| | Honor the Brave Erected to commemorate the Bayonet Charge of the Eighth Vermont Vol's. led by Genl. Stephen Thomas Sept. 19, 1864. Committed to the care of those once a brave foe. Now our generous friends gift of Comrade Herbert E. Hill Boston Mass. Dedicated Sept. 19. 1885 — Map (db m26564) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — A 5 — First Battle of Winchester |
| | On May 24, 1862, Confederate forces under Major General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson pursued Major General Nathaniel Banks’ Union Army from Strasburg to Winchester. Banks made a stand south of Winchester, posting one of two infantry brigades on Bower’s Hill, now known as Williamsburg Heights, and the other here in the plain below. In attacks the following day, Jackson routed the Union Army and drove it through the town towards Harper’s Ferry. — Map (db m2570) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — First Battle of Winchester |
| | May 25, 1862 between Confederates under Brig. Gen. T.J. “Stonewall” Jackson and the Federals under Maj. Gen. N.P. Banks began just south of this site. The Federals were driven in retreat through Winchester’s streets with loss of stores and many prisoners.
Confederates engaged, 16,000, casualties 400. Federals engaged, 8,000, casualties 2017. — Map (db m2591) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — First Battle of Winchester |
| | May 25, 1862 General Stonewall Jackson with 16,000 Confederates defeated General N.P. Banks and 6,000 Federals. On May 24, at Middletown, 12 miles South, Jackson attacked Banks’ army withdrawing toward Winchester, cutting off the rear guard and capturing or destroying a large number of wagons. Jackson launched his attack on Winchester at 5 a.m. May 25. Contesting this thrust was Colonel George Gordon’s 3rd Brigade. General Dick Taylor’s Louisiana Brigade, reinforced by the 10th and 23rd . . . — Map (db m2594) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — A-7 — First Battle of Winchester |
| | Here Stonewall Jackson, in the early morning of May 25, 1862, halted his advance guard and observed the union position. — Map (db m7341) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Florida — 1861 - 1865 |
| | (Left Side):Their names shall never forgotten be while honor calls the roll (Right Side):Florida's daughters to her brave sons. — Map (db m26848) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Fort Collier |
| | 1861-1864 General Joseph E. Johnston commanded all Confederate forces in Virginia from 1861 until late in May of 1862. His initial post had been at Harpers Ferry, thought to be the key to the defense of the Shenandoah Valley. Johnston, however, believed that Harpers Ferry was indefensible, and that, in fact, Winchester was the key to the Valley. In June 1861, he evacuated Harpers Ferry and fell back to Winchester, which he began to fortify. Winchester’s proximity to Manassas proved the . . . — Map (db m2508) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Q 4-k — Fort Loudoun |
| | Here in May 1756, overlooking the frontier town of Winchester, construction began on Fort Loudoun during the period of the French and Indian War (Seven Year’s War in Europe). The fort, named for John Campbell, earl of Loudoun, was a square fortification with four bastions constructed of earth, wood, and stone. Col. George Washington, commander of the Virginia Regiment, designed the fort and supervised its construction until 1756. It served as Washington’s command center for a series of forts . . . — Map (db m2653) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Fort Loudoun |
| | In 1756, during the French and Indian War, Col. George Washington proposed, designed, and supervised construction of the largest and most formidable fort on Virginia’s colonial frontier. Equipped with 24 pieces of artillery, the fort served as Col. Washington’s command center for the Virginia Regiment and a chain of defenses that extended from the Potomac River to the North Carolina border. Situated on the high ground north of town, the fort overlooked and protected the developing community. . . . — Map (db m2654) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Frederick County Courthouse — Witness to War |
| | During the Civil War, the Union and Confederate armies each used the Frederick County Courthouse as a hospital and a prison. Cornelia McDonald, a local citizen, nursed the wounded here after the First Battle of Kernstown on March 23, 1862. She later wrote, “I went to the court house; the porch was strewed with dead men. Some had papers pinned to their coats telling who they were. All had the capes of their coats turned over to hide their still faces; but their poor hands, so pitiful . . . — Map (db m2659) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Gen. Russell Hastings |
| | 23rd Ohio Inf Wounded 19 Sept. 1864 — Map (db m6316) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — George Washington |
| | In March of 1748, George Washington, at age sixteen, arrived in Winchester, then called Frederick Town. During the next four years, he worked as a surveyor throughout the colonial Virginia frontier. — Map (db m2647) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — George Washington Lot |
| | Site of lot 77 purchased by George Washington May 15, 1753. Sold by his executors on June 17, 1805 to Dr. Robert MacKey, surgeon in the American Revolution. A blacksmith shop located here made iron work for Fort Loudoun. The lot was 119 ft. on Braddock St. and 188.6 ft. on Fairfax Lane. — Map (db m2662) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Q 4-h — George Washington’s Out-Lot |
| | Here was located George Washington’s five-acre out-lot from Thomas Lord Fairfax, Baron of Cameron, by grant of 15 May 1753. Fairfax also granted him a companion in-lot 77 at North Braddock Street and Fairfax Lane. The out-lot was number 16 of 80 in a 439-acre tract located outside Winchester and mostly north of present-day Fairfax Lane and National Avenue. Lord Fairfax had reserved the tract as a “Common for the Use and Benefit of the Inhabitants of the Town.” Washington owned both . . . — Map (db m2661) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — George Washington's Political Career Began on this Site |
| | On July 24, 1758, at the first Frederick County Court House on this site, Colonel George Washington, age 26, was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses. This was the first elective office of the young commander of Virginia's forces here to guard her western frontier. Colonial election procedure was quite different from today's secret ballot at a convenient polling place. On Election Day, Sheriff, Justices, candidates and voters gathered at the County Court House here. As each eligible . . . — Map (db m26889) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Georgia |
| | (Front):Erected A.D. 1894 by the people of Georgia to 290 of her sons who lie in this cemetery. (Right Side): "The brave die never being deathless. They but change their country's arms for more - their country's heart." (Back):When duty called the came When country called they died. (Left Side):Go, stranger, and tell it in Georgia, that we died here in obedience to her laws. 1861 - 1865. — Map (db m26685) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Glen Burnie — "Winchester is a very pleasant place to stay in, sir." |
| | This historic Shenandoah Valley home, known as Glen Burnie, is the homestead of Col. James Wood, who founded Winchester on a portion of his land in 1744. Wood’s son, Robert, began the present house in 1794, but the estate was home to the Wood-Glass families from the 1730s to the 1990s. During the Civil War, Winchester changed hands many times, as Union and Confederate forces occupied, fought over, and won or lost possession of the town. Each side occupied Glen Burnie several times because of . . . — Map (db m2665) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Q 4f — Jackson’s Headquarters |
| | This house was used by Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, then commanding the Valley District, Department of Northern Virginia, as his official headquarters from November 1861, to March, 1862, when he left Winchester to begin his famous Valley Campaign. — Map (db m2519) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Jackson’s Headquarters |
| | I am quite comfortable. Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson, commanding the Shenandoah Valley military district, lived in this house from mid-November 1861 through early March 1862. Here he planned a winter campaign against Union forces at Romney and Bath (present-day Berkeley Springs) and prepared to defend the Shenandoah Valley. This Gothic Revival-style cottage, Alta Vista, was built in 1854 for William M. Fuller. The south-facing entrance overlooked a broad, . . . — Map (db m2540) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Q 4b — Joist Hite and Braddock / Winchester |
| | (West Facing Side):
Joist Hite and Braddock
By this road, then an Indian trail, Joist Hite and his followers came to make the first permanent settlement in this section, 1732. In 1755, General Edward Braddock of the British army, accompanied by George Washington, passed here on his way to defeat and death at Fort Duquesne. (East Facing Side):
Winchester
At first called Fredericktown, it was founded in 1744, near a Shawnee Indian village, by Colonel James Wood, a . . . — Map (db m34091) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Lord Fairfax |
| | At sometime prior to the incorporation of Winchester, Thomas Lord Fairfax, Baron of Cameron, and at one time a Justice of the County of Frederick, dedicated to the public uses of the square which is bounded by Court House Avenue and the streets known as Main, Water and Market. The northwestern quarter was adopted as the site of the first court house. Thereafter the market house and jail were erected upon the eastern half. At an early date the southwestern portion of the square was appropriated . . . — Map (db m26894) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Louisiana — C.S.A. |
| | (Front):To the Soldiers of Louisiana who died for the South in the Valley Campaign. This monument has been erected in memory of their noble, daring and heroic endurance in their country's cause. (Left Side):Sleep in peace with kindred ashes of the noble and the true; Hand that never failed their country hearts that never baseness knew. (Back):They died for the principles upon which all true republics are founded. (Right Side):Remember their valor. Keep holy the sod. . . . — Map (db m26847) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Loyal Quaker and Brave Slave — Rebecca Wright and Thomas Laws |
| | In September 1864, U.S. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan heard rumors that Confederate forces had left the Shenandoah Valley to rejoin Gen. Robert E. Lee’s army at Petersburg. Wanting to confirm this information before attacking Gen. Jubal A. Early’s army, Sheridan concocted a dangerous and intriguing scheme. He had learned that a loyal Quaker named Rebecca Wright lived in Winchester on this site. Also, a slave named Thomas Laws often passed through Confederate lines to sell vegetables in town. On . . . — Map (db m46960) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Lutheran Pioneers |
| | To the Glory of God and in Memory of Lutheran Pioneers. Erected by members and friends of Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church Winchester, Va. 1938. These walls are the sacred ruins of the first Lutheran Church erected in Winchester - "Die teutsche Lutherische Gemeine in Winchester in der grafschafft Freiderich in dem staate Virginien." The land was given by Thomas Lord Fairfax, by patent dated May 15, 1753, to David Dieterich, Jacob Seibert, Christopher Lambert and George Michael Laubinger, . . . — Map (db m26857) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Major General Daniel Morgan |
| | Fought everywhere, was beaten nowhere.
Major General Daniel Morgan Response Letter to Congress, c. 1798
The Epitaph on Daniel Morgan's original grave marker at this site: Major General Daniel Morgan
On July 6th, 1802 in the 67th year of his age.
Patriotism and valor were the prominent
features of his character and the
honorable services he rendered
to his country during the Revolutionary War
crowned him with glory and will remain
in the hearts of his countrymen
a perpetual . . . — Map (db m4740) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Maryland |
| | (Front):To the memory of Her Sons who fell on Virginia's Soil (Left Side):Unheralded Unorganizaed Unarmed They came for conscience sake and died for right (Back):Alike in blood. Alike in faith. They sleep alike the last sleep of the brave. (Right Side):Manassas 1861. Appomattox 1865. — Map (db m26849) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Massachusetts |
| | (Left Side Plaque):To the valor of the sons of Massachusetts who gave their lives for the Union in the Shenandoah Valley 1861-1865 (Right Side Plaque):2d Mass. Vol. Infantry 26th Mass. Vol. Infantry 30th Mass. Vol. Infantry 34th Mass. Vol. Infantry 37th Mass. Vol. Infantry 38th Mass. Vol. Infantry 2d Mass. Vol. Cavalry 3d Mass. Vol. Cavalry 1st Battery Artillery — Map (db m26078) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Memorial to the Unknown and Unrecorded Dead |
| | (Front):To the Unknown and Unrecorded Dead.(Left Side):Erected. A.D. 1879. By the people of the South. To the 829 unknown Confederate dead who lie beneath this mound. In grateful remembrance of their heroic virtues. And that their example of unstinted devotion to duty and country may never be forgotten. (Back):"On fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread; While glory guards with solemn round This bivouac of the dead." (Right Side):Who they were . . . — Map (db m26852) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Mississippi |
| | In a tangle of willows without light The singular screech-owl's tight Invisible lyric seeds the mind With the furious murmer of their chivalry Ode to the Confederate Dead By Allen Tate Jos. Richards - Sergt. J.F. Forbes - C. Griffin - ___ Cooper F Howell - Unknown - W.C. Fife - J. Holcomb Peyton G. Wales - S. C. Cone - H.L. Talbert - Jas. Gilley Sergt. W. L. Beaucamp - E.P. Spinks - ___ Rosenbaum - M Melton ___ Henis - Unknown - W. H. Ashford - W.C. Henderson B.J.S. Loter - J.H. . . . — Map (db m26845) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — North Carolina Confederate Dead |
| | N.C. Confederate Dead — Map (db m26840) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Original Land Grant |
| | Original land grant patent dated 1753 from the right honorable Thomas Lord Fairfax for two lots (#82 & #83) on which was built the old log church. Now the site is the Evangelical and Reformed portion of Mt. Hebron Cemetery, property of Centenary United Church of Christ.Dedicated May 27, 1984 — Map (db m26854) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Q 4i — Patsy Cline: Country Music Singer |
| | Patsy Cline (Virginia Patterson Hensley), world-famous singer, lived in this house. She was born in Winchester Memorial Hospital on 8 Sept. 1932. On 21 Jan. 1957 she won Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts national television show’s competition singing “Walkin’ After Midnight.” In 1961 “I fall to Pieces” became a hit. Her iconic “Crazy” was released a year later. Her haunting voice took her to the top of the charts, and her style and popularity have never waned. . . . — Map (db m2248) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Pennsylvania |
| | Mourns her known and unknown dead, peacefully sleeping here, who gave up their lives that the nation they loved so dearly should not "perish from off the earth." — Map (db m26566) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — President William McKinley — Mason |
| | President William McKinley was made a mason in a building on this location May 1st, 2nd, 3rd 1865. — Map (db m48111) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Q 4-g — Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd — 25 October 1888 - 11 March 1957 |
| | Here was born and reared Richard Evelyn Byrd, aviator and polar explorer. A 1912 U.S. Navy Academy graduate, he received the Medal of Honor for the first flight over the North Pole in 1926, and made the first commercial nonstop transatlantic flight in 1927. In 1928 he organized and led the first of five Antarctic expeditions, and flew over the South Pole in 1929. Byrd spent the winter of 1934 along a hundred miles from his base at Little America, conducting scientific experiments. Of his . . . — Map (db m2664) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Revolutionary War Soldiers in Mt. Hebron Cemetery |
| | Lutheran Mt. Hebron German Reformed Cemeteries The following soldiers who served in the Revolutionary War are buried within this enclosure: Major-General Daniel Morgan Major-General John Smith Brigadier-General James Singleton Brigadier-General Daniel Roberdeau Colonel Henry Beatty Colonel Charles A. Magill Major Peter Helphinstine Major Josiah Massie Captain William Ball Captain Michael Coyle Captain Basil Lucas Captain Edward Smith Captain Peter Rust Captain Robert White Surgeon Frederick . . . — Map (db m26856) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Second Battle of Winchester |
| | June 13-15, 1863 took place during Gen. Lee’s advance to Gettysburg between Confederates under Gen. Ewell and Federals under Gen. Milroy. The Federals occupied positions on the hills north and west of Winchester now called Milroys and Star Forts from which they retreated and a large part of their army made prisoners by the Confederates. — Map (db m2658) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Shawnee Springs Hospital |
| | Clearing and Evacuation Facility Valley Campaigns Federal medical authorities established the largest temporary hospital of the Civil War in the aftermath of the Third Battle of Winchester on September 19, 1864. Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's medical director, Surgeon James T. Ghiselin, on September 22, ordered Surgeon John H. Brinton to lay out a 4,000-bed facility. Brinton in turn ordered 500 tents and medical supplies for 5,000 patients that had been positioned at Northern rail yards, . . . — Map (db m3200) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Sheridan’s Headquarters |
| | 1861 hdqts. for Gen. R. H. Milroy. 1862 hdqts. for Gen. N.P. Banks who took the town for the first time. Was again used by Gen. Milroy in 1863. In the fall of 1864–1865 Gen. Sheridan used it as hdqts. Sheridan left here to rally his troops at the Battle of Ceder Creek on Oct. 19, 1864. After the war it became the Episcopal Female Institute. — Map (db m2652) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Site of Fort Loudoun |
| | Built by George Washington in 1756 Home and Seminary of Kathrine Glass Greene Organizing regent of Fort Loudoun Chapter NSDAR - 1921 Presented by the chapter on its 75th Anniversary 1996 — Map (db m2655) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — South Carolina |
| | (Right Side):In memory of the 149 Confederate dead of South Carolina (Back):Tho lost it be to men It lives with God again. (Left Side):Lord God of hosts be with us yet. Lest we forget - lest we forget. — Map (db m26842) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Tennessee |
| | (No Inscription) — Map (db m26851) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Texas |
| | No Inscription — Map (db m26850) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Cavalry Charge at Fort Collier |
| | September 19, 1864 The shocking impact of the great charge and capture of Fort Collier unhinged Early’s entire line of battle. Confederate troops streamed south through the streets of Winchester, Confederate artillery continued firing from Star Fort, slowing the Federal pursuit; a few regiments made a brief stand at Mt. Hebron Cemetery, enabling Early to withdraw his tired and battered forces to Fishers Hill, above Strasburg. Except for a few brief hours at the Battle of Ceder Creek, one . . . — Map (db m2509) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The First Battle of Kernstown — The Beginning of “Stonewall” Jackson’s Valley Campaign |
| | The First Battle of Kernstown, fought by 10,000 Americans on March 23, 1862, was the first battle waged in the Shenandoah Valley. Throughout the morning, sixteen Union cannon crowned the knolls of Pritchard’s Hill (the high ground immediately north of here) to hold an overmatched Confederate force in place. Shortly after noon, Major General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson delivered the remainder of his Confederate army to the battle. Relying on faulty intelligence, Jackson attacked a . . . — Map (db m2169) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The First Battle of Kernstown — Fulkerson’s Virginians Attack! |
| | The low, marshy ground stretching from here to the distant road lay uncontested through the five-hour artillery duel that opened the First Battle of Kernstown. The scene changed dramatically at 2:00 P.M. when 900 Virginians marched toward this position from the leafless woods previously standing across the road. Colonel Samuel V. Fulkerson led this Confederate attack. A lawyer from Abingdon, Virginia, Fulkerson received his orders directly from General “Stonewall” Jackson, who . . . — Map (db m2195) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The First Battle of Kernstown — An Unheralded Commander’s Unique Victory |
| | At 9:00 A.M. on March 23, 1862, Confederate artillery unlimbered near the Valley Turnpike and fired on this height, called Pritchard’s Hill, to begin the First Battle of Kernstown. Union artillery rolled onto these knolls and responded by discharging 700 rounds of shot and shell over the next five hours. More than 300 Union soldiers crowded the height to protect the artillery while Colonel Nathan Kimball, the Union battlefield commander, set up headquarters on this same hill. Kimball . . . — Map (db m2197) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Godfrey Miller Home |
| | Built in 1785 by Daniel Sowers on a lot granted by Lord Fairfax dated 1753. The Sowers’ owned many horses, possibly for a livery business. In 1801, the house conveyed to Adam Douglas, an Irish export merchant and author of The Irish Immigrant. Dr. Benjamin Grayson owned the property until 1812, when John Miller purchased it. It passed to his son, Godfrey Sperry Miller, in 1857. Confederate and Union wounded soldiers received care here during the Civil War. The Millers made brick additions and . . . — Map (db m60607) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Hollingsworth Family Settlement |
| | Shenandoah University's History and Tourism Center sits on land once owned by the Hollingsworth family. The Hollingsworth home, "Abram's Delight," is now a nearby museum. One of the first settlers to come to the Shenandoah Valley, Abraham Hollingsworth settled on 582 acres of land that had a large spring. Tradition states that Abraham paid for the property three times: "First, a cow, a calf and a piece of red cloth to the Shawnee Indians; next, a sum of money to the King's agent; and finally, . . . — Map (db m19508) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Pritchard House — A Family Caught in the Midst of War! |
| | The large brick dwelling before you is the Pritchard House, built by Steven C. Pritchard, Jr. and his son Samuel R. Pritchard. During the Civil War, Samuel, his wife Helen, and their two small children occupied the house. Fighting swirled around the home during the First and Second Battles of Kernstown, as it did during smaller engagements on June 13, 1863, and August 17, 1864. Whenever combat raged across the farmstead, Samuel sheltered his family in the cellar. When the fighting subsided, . . . — Map (db m2295) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Second Battle of Kernstown — Mulligan’s Final Stand |
| | Late in the afternoon on July 24, 1864, 1,800 Union soldiers led by Colonel James A. Mulligan fell back to this lane. Major General John B. Gordon’s Confederate force attacked from the ground beyond Opequon Church. Mulligan held off Gordon briefly, but Confederate Major General John C. Breckinridge’s devastating flank attack struck the Irishman from the east side of the Valley Pike. Breckinridge, a former U.S. Vice President, personally led his men forward. One soldiers deemed him, “the . . . — Map (db m2190) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Second Battle of Kernstown — Two Future U.S. Presidents Fought at Kernstown |
| | Colonel James A. Mulligan’s Union command of 1,800 men encamped on these heights on the night of July 23-24, 1864. When Confederate cavalry drove Union cavalry back toward Kernstown on the morning of the 24th, Mulligan deployed two cannon on this hill checking the Confederate advance. Mulligan subsequently advanced his small command to support the Union cavalry south of Kernstown. Mulligan’s immediate superior, Major General George Crook, doubted several reports indicating the presence of . . . — Map (db m2199) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester |
| | (The Battle of the Opequon) September 19, 1864 The decisive assault in the campaign set in motion by General Grant to free the Shenandoah Valley from the control of the Confederacy took place here. This high ground was part of Winchester’s defensive rampart against attack from the east. At daybreak the first gunfire was heard as General Ramseur’s North Carolinians fired on Capt. Hull’s NY Cavalry as it emerged from the Berryville Canyon (VA 7 near the I-81 overpass) 1.5 miles northeast of . . . — Map (db m2660) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | September 19, 1864 Lieutenant General Jubal Early’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign began in June of 1864. Until the Third Battle of Winchester on September 19, he more than fulfilled General Lee’s hopes that the great success of 1862 could be repeated in 1864. Early’s opponent, General Philip Sheridan, assumed command of the Army of the Shenandoah on August 7, 1864. By September 19 its strength was just under 40,000 men. Sheridan’s mission, entrusted to him by General Grant and President . . . — Map (db m2511) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — J 4 — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | Near here Early, facing east, took his last position on September 19, 1864. About sundown he was attacked and driven from it, retreating south. Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley served in this engagement on the Union side. — Map (db m2656) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Thirty-Eighth Massachusetts Volunteers |
| | (Front):Thirty-Eighth Massachusetts Volunteers our comrades fell in the campaigns of 1864. These lie buried in the valley in unknown graves. Erected Sept. 19th, 1884 Grover's Division - Third Brigade (Other sides list the names of the dead) — Map (db m26379) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Thirty-Fourth Massachusetts Infantry |
| | (Pedestal):Thirty Fourth Massachusetts Infantry 1862 - 65 Erected by Comrades To those who fell in the Valley (Under Bust):Col. George D. Wells Brevet Brigadier General Killed Oct. 13. 1864 Wells — Map (db m26183) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Virginia |
| | (Left Side):In memory of the 398 Virginia soldiers. Lying in this cemetery. Who fell in defence of constitutional liberty and the sovereignty of their state. From 1861 to 1865. A.D. (Back):Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. (Right Side):Erected by The ladies of the Virginia Shaft Association of Winchester June 6th, 1879. — Map (db m26643) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Washington’s Office |
| | While constructing Fort Loudoun, George Washington used the center room of this building as an office from the fall of 1755 until he moved into the fort in December 1756. He was a Colonel in the Virginia Militia and responsible for protecting Virginia’s 300 mile frontier from the French and Indians. — Map (db m2648) HM |
| Virginia, Winchester — Winchester — The Valley Campaigns — 1862 & 1864 Valley Campaigns |
| | Winchester’s location at the north end of the Shenandoah Valley made it a place of strategic importance during the Civil War. From here, roads led north and east threatening Washington, D.C., and the Valley Turnpike led south and west endangering the breadbasket of the Confederacy. Winchester endured a seemingly endless series of occupations and evacuations as the war ebbed and flowed through the city. Stonewall Jackson made his headquarters here during the winter of 1861–1862. He . . . — Map (db m2657) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — 1790 Stone Church |
| | These native limestone steps are in their original position and mark the main entrance to a 40' x 60' stone church built on this site in 1790. The entrance was in the center of its east wall with the pulpit area against the west wall. This church replaced the second of two log meeting houses which had occupied the site since Opequon’s organization in 1736. During the Civil War, the building was badly damaged and was used as a stable for horses by Union troops. Following the war, and after . . . — Map (db m2634) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 2 — Action of Rutherford’s Farm |
| | Near here, the Confederate General Stephen D. Ramseur was attacked by General William W. Averell and pushed back toward Winchester, July 20, 1864. — Map (db m12091) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 9 — Battle of Kernstown |
| | On the hill to the west, Stonewall Jackson late in the afternoon of March 23, 1862 attacked the Union force under Shields holding Winchester. After a fierce action, Jackson, who was greatly outnumbered, withdrew southward, leaving his dead on the field. These were buried next day by citizens of Winchester — Map (db m3150) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Battle of Kernstown — March 23, 1862 |
| | General James Shields with 7,000 Federals defeated Stonewall Jackson with 3,500 Confederates. Jackson's object was to create a diversion which would prevent troops being sent to McClellan for the attack on Richmond. He arrived south of Kernstown in early afternoon Sunday, March 23, and attempted to turn the Federal right flank. To counter this, Colonel N. Kimball who succeeded to command after Shields was wounded March 22nd, advanced Colonel E.B. Tyler's brigade. Savage fighting followed for . . . — Map (db m33024) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Battle of Rutherford's Farm — Union Victory |
| | Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early attacked the defenses of Washington, D.C., in July 1864, then retreated to the Shenandoah Valley. Union Gen. Horatio G. Wright pursued him, and after a sharp fight and Confederate victory at Cool Spring on July 18, the two forces clashed again two days later here at John Rutherford’s farm. As Union Gen. William W. Averell’s Union cavalry and infantry division advanced south from Martinsburg, W.Va., pursuing Early, the Confederate general ordered Gen. Stephen . . . — Map (db m13988) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 3 — Capture of Star Fort |
| | The fort on the hilltop to the southwest, known as Star Fort, was taken by Colonel Schoonmaker of Sheridan’s Army in the Battle of September 19, 1864. — Map (db m2275) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Z 122 — Clarke County / Frederick County |
| | West Facing Side: Clarke County. Area 171 Square Miles. — Formed in 1836 from Frederick and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the Northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Danial Morgan, Revolutionary Hero lived in this county. East Facing Side: Frederick County. Area 435 square miles. — Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III. Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Winchester 1862-1864. — Map (db m1784) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — B 16 — Colonel John Singleton Mosby |
| | This road, along which many of his skirmishes took place, is named for Colonel John Singleton Mosby, commander of the 43rd Battalion of the Confederate Partisan Rangers. Their activities in this area helped keep the Confederate cause alive in Northern Virginia toward the end of the Civil War. — Map (db m2668) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — J 16 — Defenses of Winchester |
| | The fort on the hilltop to the north is one of a chain of defenses commanding the crossings of the Qpequon. It was constructed by Milroy in 1863. — Map (db m2667) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Fight for the High Ground |
| | The Shenandoah Valley's strategic location and rich farmland caused it to be the scene of two major Civil War campaigns that comprised hundreds of battles and skirmishes. Many Valley farms, like Rose Hill, became battlefields or campgrounds unexpectedly and often repeatedly. By far the most significant event to occur here was the 1st Battle of Kernstown, March 23, 1862. Here soldiers fought the first Civil War battle in the Sheanandoah Valley. Here Southern Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson suffered . . . — Map (db m3498) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — First Battle of Kernstown |
| | Was fought here Sunday, March 23, 1862 Confederates under Gen. T.J. “Stonewall” Jackson attacked Federals under Gen. James Shields. The fighting was chiefly west of the road and continued from early afternoon until nightfall. When Jackson retired with—his first and only reverse—Confederates engaged 3,000, casualties 718. Federals engaged 8,000, casualties 590. — Map (db m2635) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 11 — First Battle of Winchester |
| | Here Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson and his army, early on the morning of 25 May 1862, defeated Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Bank’s forces during Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley campaign. Banks, outnumbered and outflanked, hastily retreated north through the streets of Winchester. The Confederate pursuit was lethargic, as the men were exhausted from a week of heavy marching, but they captured many Union soldiers and a heavy quantity of wagons and stores. President . . . — Map (db m2596) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 4 — Fort Collier |
| | Just to the east, a redoubt known as Fort Collier was built by Joseph E. Johnston in 1861. Early’s left rested here during the Third Battle of Winchester, September 19, 1864. — Map (db m2481) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Fort Collier — “I never saw such a sight” |
| | Confederate troops constructed Fort Collier in 1861 after the evacuation of Harpers Ferry. The earthworks, which surrounded the Benjamin Stine house here, commanded the approach to Winchester on the Martinsburg and Winchester Turnpike. The fort saw little action until late in the afternoon on September 19, 1864, when, during the Third Battle of Winchester, it became a focal point of the engagement. Here a great Union cavalry charge led by Gen. Wesley Merritt turned the battle against Gen. Jubal . . . — Map (db m2492) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Q 4a — General Daniel Morgan / Winchester |
| | (North Side): Morgan used this road in traveling from his home, “Saratoga,” to Winchester. He was a frontiersman, Indian fighter and the commander of Morgan’s famous riflemen in the Revolution. He won glory at Quebec and Saratoga, and defeated Tarleton at the Cowpens. He died in 1802 and is buried in Winchester. (South Side): At first called Fredericktown, it was founded in 1744, near a Shawnee Indian village, by Colonel James Wood, a native of the English city of . . . — Map (db m2290) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Q 4c — George Washington in Winchester |
| | In Mar. 1748, George Washington first visited Winchester, then known as Fredericktown, as a surveyor for Lord Fairfax. Washington purchased property in Winchester in 1753 and was an unsuccessful candidate for a House of Burgesses seat here in 1755. Winchester served as Washington’s headquarters from 1755 to 1758 while he commanded Virginia troops on the western frontier during the French and Indian War. He was also involved with the construction of Fort Loudoun here and a series of other . . . — Map (db m2663) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 38 — Hackwood Park |
| | One mile east is the site of Hackwood Estate House, built in 1777 by General John Smith. Documents reveal that the Hackwood House caught fire during the Third Battle of Winchester. Union troops used the buildings on the site for a hospital, September 19, 1864. — Map (db m12090) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — How To See the Battlefield |
| | On March 23, 1862, the opening conflict of the famous Valley Campaign began on the adjoining Glass and Pritchard farms. You are visiting the Glass Farm called Rose Hill. The neighboring Pritchard Farm is 1½ miles to the southeast (right) of where you are standing. The conflict began early in the morning on the Pritchard Farm and concluded on the Glass Farm with the loss of sunlight at the end of the day. Acting on faulty intelligence that his small army outnumbered the Northern forces at . . . — Map (db m3496) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — In Memory of the Many Soldiers of the Revolution |
| | In Memory of the many soldiers of the Revolution interred at Opequon Church of whom only seven are known Major John Gilkeson Captain William Chipley Captain Samuel Gilkeson Captain James Simrall Captain Samuel Vance Captain William Vance Private James Hamilton — Map (db m2633) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — John Rutherford's Farm — Interrupted by War |
| | John H. Rutherford was born about 1820. He acquired approximately 275 acres here between 1843 and 1848 from the heirs of John Carter. About May 24, 1849, Rutherford married Camilla C. Baker. At first, the couple lived with Mrs. Susan Pitman Carter, a widow and sister-in-law of John Carter, whose large brick house stood just north of here on her adjoining 173-acre farm. Her farm produced wheat, corn, Irish potatoes, and hay. In 1850, she owned 8 horses, 8 head of cattle, 2 oxen, 2 sheep that . . . — Map (db m14028) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Q 4b — Jost Hite and Winchester |
| | German emigrant Jost Hite and about 16 other German and Scots-Irish families from Pennsylvania came to this region in 1732, creating one of the early permanent European settlements. They settled along the Opequon Creek watershed south-west of the present-day city of Winchester. Soon after their arrival, a number of other communities developed regionally, including Fredericktown, present-day Winchester. Winchester was chartered as a town in 1752. It began as a small farming community that . . . — Map (db m2267) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Kernstown Battles |
| | Around this site and a mile to the west occurred two major battles of the Civil War. First Kernstown March 23, 1862 Stonewall Jackson attacked what appeared to be a withdrawing federal force led by federal Br. Gen. Shields. Desperate fighting along a stone wall west of here ended with the arrival of federal reinforcements and Jackson was forced to withdraw. This action opened Jackson’s famous Valley Campaign and succeeded in preventing the withdrawal of Federals from the Valley to . . . — Map (db m2632) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Q 4d — Lord Fairfax |
| | Thomas Fairfax (1693-1781), sixth Baron Fairfax of Cameron, was the proprietor of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a vast landholding that lay between the Rappahannock and the Potomac Rivers, and extended to the Blue Ridge. Born in England, he came to Virginia about 1735 and moved to the Shenandoah Valley about 1747. He eventually lived at Greenway Court in present-day Clarke County, while managing his land-holdings. In 1749, he was named a justice of the peace for Frederick County, and also . . . — Map (db m2299) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Lt. Collier’s Earthworks |
| | From the time of Virginia’s secession from the Union on May 23, 1861, until just before the Battle of Manassas on July 21, 1861, the Confederate government in Richmond recognized the importance of defending the Lower Shenandoah Valley. When Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston occupied Winchester in June, 1861, he began to fortify the town with earthworks. Fort Collier was probably built under the supervision of General W.H.C. Whiting, Johnston’s chief engineer. In the first months of the . . . — Map (db m2494) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Northern Victory, Southern Defeat |
| | As Southern units retreated and resistance fell apart, Northern victory was assured. Jackson found himself surrounded by a disorderly retreat of his soldiers. In the growing dark, a few fresh Southern units made gallant attempts to cover the Southern retreat from Northern pursuit. One group formed a defensive square until they were completely surrounded and had to surrender. In the fields where you now stand, Northern horsemen gathered up approximately 250 wounded and retreating Southern . . . — Map (db m3507) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Opequon Presbyterian Church |
| | Early Years This historic church was established by Scotch-Irish and German settlers who migrated from eastern Pennsylvania in the early 1730’s. William Hoge donated two acres of land for a meeting house, and an additional two acres for a burying ground. Two log and two stone houses of worship have occupied this site. The congregation was officially organized as a Presbyterian Church circa 1736 under oversight of the Donegal (Pa.) Presbytery. Named Opequon Church after the original name of . . . — Map (db m2620) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Rose Hill — “I do not recollect having ever heard such a roar of musketry.” — 1862 Valley Campaign |
| | The First Battle of Kernstown, on March 23, 1862, was also the first major Civil War battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley. Throughout the morning, 16 Union cannons on Pritchard’s Hill held off Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s overmatched Confederate command. Relying on intelligence that was soon proved faulty, Jackson not only attacked a force that outnumbered his by 3,000 men, but also tried and failed to dislodge the Union guns by direct assault. In mid-afternoon, the tide . . . — Map (db m2646) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Rutherford's Farm — In the Path of Battle |
| | In addition to the action of July 20, 1864, known as the Battle of Rutherford’s Farm, two other significant events occurred on or near John Rutherford’s property here. The first took place on June 14-15, 1863, during the Gettysburg Campaign, as Union Gen. Robert H. Milroy’s army evacuated Winchester and fled north. Milroy had constructed fortifications around Winchester, but Confederate Gen. Richard S. Ewell’s corps, the vanguard of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, captured one . . . — Map (db m14026) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — A 8 — Second Battle of Winchester |
| | On June 14, 1863, Jubal A. Early moved west from this point to attack Federal fortifications west of Winchester. — Map (db m2597) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Second Battle of Winchester — Louisiana Tigers Capture West Fort — Gettysburg Campaign |
| | In June 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee marched his infantry from Culpeper County to the Shenandoah Valley to launch his second invasion of the North. First, however, he had to capture Winchester, the largest town on his line of communication, which Union Gen. Robert H. Milroy and a 9,000 man garrison occupied. Milroy soon faced Gen. Robert S. Ewell and 17,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia’s Second Corps. After heavy skirmishing on June 12-13, Milroy ordered his command into three . . . — Map (db m2645) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — B 19 — Second Battle of Winchester |
| | Here Jubal A. Early, detached to attack the rear of Milroy, holding Winchester, crossed this road and moved eastward in the afternoon of June 15, 1863. — Map (db m2666) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Star Fort — Guardian of Winchester |
| | Three times during the Civil War, Star Fort played a major role in the defense of Winchester. Union Gen. Robert H. Milroy’s troops began constructing the fort in January 1863 on the site of artillery emplacements Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s men had built in 1861. Milroy, a fervent abolitionist, used stone from the nearby home of U.S. Senator James Mason, author of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. Star Fort commanded the Martinsville Turnpike and the Pughtown Road. . . . — Map (db m12055) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Advance of Tyler’s Brigade |
| | Northern Colonel Nathan Kimball saw the position of his troops on nearby Pritchard's Hill (1.5 miles left and in front of you) becoming indefensible. Southern artillery recently placed on the higher elevation of Sandy Ridge (just in front of you) seriously threatened them. In an effort to capture these guns, Kimball dispatched Colonel Erastus B. Tyler (Ohio) with a brigade of infantry from Winchester. He hoped Tyler's troops would conduct a surprise attack on the Southern left and rear. . . . — Map (db m3501) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Defense of the Stone Wall |
| | Southern General Thomas Jackson was already going by the nickname "Stonewall" when he directed his troops to this location to support the Southern artillery on Sandy Ridge. Ironically, his troops' retreat from this stone wall led to Jackson's only tactical defeat of the war. The stone wall here at 1st Kernstown was originally waist-high. It was a farm fence, made of stones picked up from the farm fields full of limestone outcroppings common to the northern Shenandoah Valley. The wall began . . . — Map (db m3502) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Q 4 — The Great Indian (and Wagon) Road |
| | The Great Indian Road, called Philadelphia Wagon Road by many settlers, was developed by Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) warriors traveling in the 1700s through the Great Valley of the Appalachians (which they called Jonontore) from Cohongaronto (north of the Potomac), to raid the Catawba in the Carolinas. In 1743, Iroquois headmen complained that Europeans had settled along the road, a treaty violation. The Lancaster Treaty of 1744 clarified the road’s direction and acknowledged the Iroquois’ right . . . — Map (db m12089) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Order for Retreat |
| | Northern commander Colonel Nathan Kimball 1.5 miles away (over the hill on your right) on Prichard's Hill faced the threat of defeat. He decided to seize the initiative and order a second assault against the Southern artillery atop Sandy Ridge. At approximately 5:00 p.m., the first of these troops arrived, causing some of the Southern artillery to withdraw and threatening the Southern right flank behind the stone wall. The troops behind the stone wall were now under Southern Brigadier General . . . — Map (db m3504) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester |
| | (Left Side): The Third Battle of Winchester - September 19, 1864 Bloodiest Battle of the Shenandoah Valley Gen. Jubal Early assuming that Gen. Phil Sheridan was yet another cautious Union commander, divided his roughly 14,000 troops on a wide front north from Winchester. Sheridan planned to use his army of 39,000 men to attack the portion of Early's force near Winchester. Early, however, learned of the impending attack and raced to concentrate his army at Winchester. The Third . . . — Map (db m3090) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Confederate Horse Artillery |
| | "A more murderous fire I never witnessed..."Col. Thomas Munford, C.S.A. In an effort to protect the Confederate left flank, Gen. Fitzhugh Lee placed a detachment of cavalry and six pieces of horse artillery, lighter cannons made specifically for horse soldiers, along this rise. These guns, under the command of Major James Breathed, poured a devastating fire into the ranks of the Union Nineteenth Army Corps as it advanced and retreated across the fields on the other side of Red Bud . . . — Map (db m3091) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — The Attack of the Eighth Corps |
| | "The order was to walk fast, keep silent, until within about one hundred yards of the guns, and then with a yell to charge at full speed." Col. Rutherford B. Hayes, U.S.A. At noon on September 19, Union General Sheridan's Sixth and Nineteenth Corps met Early's Confederate force in attacks on the south side of Red Bud Run. Union Gen. George Crook's Army of West Virginia, the Eighth Corps, waited in reserve two miles east of here as the battle raged. When it became clear that the . . . — Map (db m3092) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Fording Red Bud Run |
| | "To stop was death. To go on was probably the same; but on we started again." Col. Rutherford B. Hayes, U.S.A. Red Bud Run is as wide and boggy today as it was in 1864. During their attack, the men of the Eighth Corps sank into the marshy flood plain on the north bank, then trudged through the waistdeep water. The men forged on amid enemy fire and some reportedly fell wounded and drowned in the crossing. Hayes reported that "the rear and front lines and different regiments of . . . — Map (db m3159) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Hackwood House |
| | Prominent Virginian John Smith was charged with guarding prisoners of war held in Winchester during the Revolutionary War. He purportedly had this stately home (in front of you) built by Hessian and British prisoners around 1777. During the fighting at the Third Battle of Winchester, Gordon's Confederate troops formed around the Hackwood House and its outbuildings. At 3 p.m. the Union Eighth, Sixth, and Nineteenth Corps attacked. Col. Thoburn of the Eighth Corps described what happened next: . . . — Map (db m3164) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Confederate Defense |
| | In the mid-morning of September 19, Confederate Gen. John B. Gordon's infantry, veteran troops from Georgia, Louisiana, and Virginia, took position to your right on the other side of Hackwood Lane. At 11:40 a.m., at the sound of artillery fire, infantry of the Union Nineteenth Corps advanced upon the Confederates. During the assault, Confederate Col. Carter M. Braxton brought seven guns to the hill on which you are standing. Braxton positioned his guns wheel to wheel, loaded with double . . . — Map (db m3174) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — The Second Woods |
| | You are standing at the site of what is known as the Second Woods. The fighting in and around the Second Woods was so rapid and chaotic that many participants disagreed on the details and order of the events. But this is much clear: at 11:40 a.m., Gen. Cuvier Grover's Union Division attacked with fixed bayonets across the Middle Field before you. The rapid and impetuous charge caught the Confederates unprepared - apparently only Gen. Clement Evans' Brigade of Georgians was positioned in and . . . — Map (db m3175) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — The Confederates Reform |
| | "Unless this force were driven back, the day was lost." General Jubal A. Early, C.S.A. Standing here about noon during the battle, you would have seen Union troops under Gen. Henry Birge pursuing Gen. Clement Evans' Georgians from right to left. The Confederates took shelter behind a rocky ledge and began to regroup. "The position was most critical," remembered Confederate commander Jubal Early, "for it was apparent that unless this force were driven back, the day was . . . — Map (db m3187) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — The West Woods |
| | You are standing near the center of General Early's infantry line at what has come to be called the West Woods. Although these particular trees were not here during the Battle of Third Winchester, some are in the same location as those that stood on that day. At 11:40 a.m., the Union Sixth and Nineteenth Corps marched toward you to confront Early's troops positioned to your left and right. As Union Gen. Horatio Wright's Sixth Corps advanced along the Berryville Pike, it veered southward . . . — Map (db m3188) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — The Middle Field - Bloodiest Encounter in the Shenandoah Valley |
| | You are standing in the Middle Field - perhaps the bloodiest place in the Shenandoah Valley. After hours of preparation, Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah was ready to advance against the Confederate position east of Winchester at 11:40 a.m. Emerging from the woods behind you Union Gen. Cuvier Grover's 2nd Division, Nineteenth Corps was to move across the field in two lines of battle, advancing with the Sixth Corps to its left. Unfortunately, the Sixth Corps was ordered to follow the Berryville . . . — Map (db m3189) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — The First Woods - A Perfect Slaughterhouse |
| | As Confederates drove Union Gen. Grover's 2nd Division back across the fields in front of you, the 1st Division of the Nineteenth Army Corps was moving up to the edge of the First Woods behind you, (the tree line was then some 400 yards further east). Union Gen. William Dwight recalled that his men were barely in position when the 2nd Division "came back ... flying over the open ground between the two woods in the grandest disorder." Union Gen. William H. Emory, commander of the . . . — Map (db m3192) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester |
| | (Left Side): The Third Battle of Winchester - September 19, 1864 Bloodiest Battle of the Shenandoah Valley Gen. Jubal Early assuming that Gen. Phil Sheridan was yet another cautious Union commander, divided his roughly 14,000 troops on a wide front north from Winchester. Sheridan planned to use his army of 39,000 men to attack the portion of Early's force near Winchester. Early, however, learned of the impending attack and raced to concentrate his army at Winchester. The Third . . . — Map (db m3194) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Camp Averell |
| | In the months after the Third Battle of Winchester, this area became home to Camp Averell, named after Union cavalry gen. William Woods Averell. Elements of six cavalry and "mounted infantry" regiments from New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia all camped here from September 1864 to March 1865. Shallow pits from winter huts can still be found, remnants of the sprawling camp. This "camp" was hardly settled, however. The units stationed here conducted active operations in the Shenandoah . . . — Map (db m3196) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — The Union Rear |
| | The First Woods saw little combat, but areas near the front lines were bustling with activity. Here, men of Grover's, Dwight's, and Thoburn's Union divisions formed for their attacks across the Middle Field. Union Generals rallied the broken Nineteenth Corps, and field hospitals were established here to care for the wounded. More than 5,000 men were wounded in the Third Battle of Winchester. Before they could be moved to proper hospitals in and around Winchester, men limped, crawled, or were . . . — Map (db m3198) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Union Victories in the Valley |
| | After the successful attack of the Union Eighth Corps, it was only a matter of time before the Confederates lost the battle. As Confederate Gen. Early consolidated his lines closer and closer to Winchester, his men faced coordinated infantry attacks. Worse still, powerful Union cavalry forces fought their way along the Valley Pike, threatening to surround Early's forces. Although the Southerners offered stubborn resistance at Fort Collier, Star Fort, and from every fenceline and barricade they . . . — Map (db m3199) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Thoburn's Attack |
| | As the Nineteenth Corps tried to reorganize its lines, Union Col. Joseph Thoburn's division of the Eighth Army Corps came up from reserve and took position at the edge of the First Woods behind you. Union Gen. Philip Sheridan soon arrived and directed Thoburn to move forward as soon as the other division of the Eighth Corps (on the other side of Red Bud Run) was ready. About 3 p.m. "a mighty battle yell," from the other side of Red Bud Run announced the arrival of those troops and the . . . — Map (db m6314) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — The Third Battle of Winchester — Hackwood Lane |
| | You are standing on Hackwood Lane. Running east to west, it was part of a network of country lanes connecting the Berryville Pike and the Valley Pike in the mid-19th century. The trees on either side were not present during the battle. — Map (db m62779) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — J 3 — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | Here Confederate forces under General Jubal A. Early, facing east, received the attack of Sheridan’s army at noon on September 19, 1864. Early repulsed the attack and countercharged, breaking the Union line. Only prompt action by General Emory Upton in changing front saved the Union forces from disaster. At 3 P.M. Sheridan made a second attack, driving Early back to Winchester. — Map (db m2268) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — J 13 — Third Battle of Winchester |
| | On a hill, approximately one-half mile to the west, Philip H. Sheridan established his final position on September 19, 1864. General Jubal A. Early held the ground one-half mile further to the west. At 4 P.M., Sheridan advanced with massed cavalry and infantry and broke Early's line. — Map (db m2271) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — Third Battle of Winchester — A Gathering of Future Leaders — 1864 Valley Campaign |
| | The Third Battle of Winchester, fought here on September 19, 1864, was a proving ground for several men on both sides who shaped post-war America. They included two future presidents, two senators, a state governor, and several military leaders. Statesmen Col. Rutherford B. Hayes, who commanded a Federal VIII Corps brigade, was president from 1877 to 1881. Capt. William McKinley, who led a VIII Corps infantry company, was president from 1897 to 1901, when he was assassinated. Gen. John B. . . . — Map (db m3086) HM |
| Virginia (Frederick County), Winchester — War in the Backyard |
| | At the beginning of the Civil War, the third generation of the Scots-Irish Glass family lived at Rose Hill. The household consisted of Thomas Glass (age 67), and his wife Margaret (age 51), his son William (age 25) and fifteen slaves, most of them children. The following year Thomas passed away. His son, William, recently married, took over the management of the farm. A Southern supporter, William was commissioned Lt. Col. of the 51st Regiment Virginia Militia serving under Gen. Thomas J. . . . — Map (db m3495) HM |
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