| Virginia, Alexandria — Bombproof |
| | Two bombproofs, each measuring 200 feet long by 12.5 feet wide, were located in the center of Fort Ward. During normal operations the bombproofs were used as meeting rooms, storage facilities, and sometimes as a prison. In the event of an attack, the structures provided temporary protection for the soldiers. Water was supplied by a well located between the bombproofs. — Map (db m7716) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Entrance Gate to Fort Ward — Officers' Hut |
| | The Fort Ward entrance gate, completed in May 1865, provided the only access to the interior of the fort. The gate's decorative details include stands of cannonballs and the insignia (castle) of the Army Corps of Engineers which designed and supervised the construction of the Defenses of Washington. The present gate is a reconstruction based on the original Corps of Engineers drawing above. A ditch, or dry moat, surrounded the entire fort. The fort's earthen walls reached a height of . . . — Map (db m7680) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Fort Ward |
| | Historical Site Defenses of Washington 1861-1865 Fort Ward Here stands Fort Ward, constructed in 1861 to protect the approaches to Alexandria by Little River Turnpike and Leesburg Turnpike. In 1864, the fort was enlarged to a perimeter of 818 yards with 36 gun emplacements. The fort has been preserved by the City of Alexandria. — Map (db m5871) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Fort Ward — 1861-1865 |
| | On May 24, 1861, when Virginia's secession from the Union became effective, Federal forces immediately occupied Northern Virginia to protect the City of Washington, D.C. After the Confederate victory at the Battle of First Bull Run (First Manassas) in July 1861, the Federal government began construction of a defense system to guard the Union capital. By the end of the war in 1865, the Defenses of Washington consisted of 162 forts and batteries, with emplacements for 1,421 guns. The initial . . . — Map (db m7676) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Fort Ward — 1861-1865 |
| | This stairway leads up the west wall of Fort Ward between the Northwest Bastion (to the left) and the Southwest Bastion (to the right). Fort Ward had 14 cannon emplacements along this area of the wall that created overlapping fields of fire. Infantry soldiers armed with rifle muskets stationed between the cannon emplacements made this wall of the fort a formidable obstacle to attack. A self-guided tour begins at the ceremonial gate. The initial construction of Fort Ward was completed in . . . — Map (db m7709) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Northwest Bastion |
| | The plan of Fort Ward consisted of five bastions with positions for 36 guns. The Northwest Bastion illustrates how the entire stronghold appeared in 1864. This bastion is armed with six reproduction weapons based on Fort Ward's original table of armament: three 4.5" Rodman rifled guns (#14,16,17), two 24-pounder smoothbore Howitzers (#13, 15), and one 6-pounder James Rifle (#12). The cannons worked in concert to sweep the field toward Little River Turnpike (Duke Street) to the south, and . . . — Map (db m7713) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Powder Magazine and Filling Room |
| | Ammunition for the fort's guns was kept in underground storage facilities called magazines and filling rooms. Shells were armed and sometimes stored in the filling room, while the magazine was used to hold black powder and crated rounds. Implements for firing the cannons could also be kept in the filling room. Duty in either the filling room or the magazine was hazardous as the slightest spark could ignite the highly explosive black powder. Soldiers assigned to this task were required to . . . — Map (db m7711) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Profile of Fort |
| | This exterior view of the restored Northwest Bastion illustrates the effectiveness of an earthwork fort. The fort walls were 18-22 feet high, 12-14 feet thick, and slanted at 45 degrees. To gain access to the fort an attacker would have to cross the field of fire (the open area to the front of the fort), penetrate the abatis (the line of felled trees that surrounded the ditch), enter the ditch, and scale the walls while the defenders were well protected behind the embankments. These restored . . . — Map (db m7714) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Rifle Trench |
| | This rifle trench extended from the North Bastion toward Battery Garesche located beyond Leesburg Turnpike (Route 7). Another rifle trench extended from the tip of the South Bastion near the Fort Gate. The rifle trenches prevented enemy troops from moving towards the rear of the fort. — Map (db m7715) |
| Virginia, Alexandria — Southwest Bastion |
| | The Southwest Bastion was the most heavily fortified area of the fort with emplacements for seven guns, as well as a magazine and a filling room. The largest gun in Fort Ward, a 100-pounder Parrott Rifle, was located in the Southwest Bastion. This weapon was mounted on a center pintle (circular) carriage and could fire a 100-pound projectile a distance of about five miles. The Parrott Rifle was important because of its capability of defending both the Leesburg Turnpike and the Little River . . . — Map (db m7684) |
| Virginia, Colonial Heights — S 31 — "Brave to Madness" |
| | Nearby on 9 May 1864, Brig. Gen. Johnson Hagood's South Carolina Brigade attacked advancing elements of the Union X and XVIII Corps. As they 11th S.C. Infantry Regiment engaged the Federals across Swift Creek near Arrowfield Church, the 21st and 25th S.C. crossed the creek and charged up the hill to attack Brig. Gen. Charles A. Heckman's "Star" Brigade. Repulsed with a loss of 137 casualties, the South Carolinians were praised in an official report as "brave to madness." Their gallant charge . . . — Map (db m14624) |
| Virginia, Colonial Heights — Dunlop Station — "...burning cartridges like shooting stars" |
| | Dunlop Station on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad was located here on the southern boundary of David Dunlop's Ellerslie estate. During the siege of Petersburg, June 1864-April 1865, a military rail spur was completed in March 1865 that extended southwest from here to a Confederate quartermaster depot at Ettrick, making this an important railroad junction. It enabled trains to avoid Federal shelling of the main rail line from Dunlop Station to Petersburg, two miles south. Passenger trains . . . — Map (db m14636) |
| Virginia, Colonial Heights — S 34 — Dunlop's Station |
| | At the nearby junction of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad and the Confederate military spur line to Ettrick, stood Dunlop's Station, a Confederate telegraph post and supply depot. During the siege of Petersburg, southbound passengers were detrained here to avoid Federal shells that endangered travel over the Appomattox River railroad bridge to the south. On 2 April 1865, surplus ammunition was moved here as the Confederates prepared to evacuate Petersburg. During the night of 2 April, the . . . — Map (db m14637) |
| Virginia, Colonial Heights — 26-S — Lafayette At Petersburg |
| | From this hill Lafayette, on May 10, 1781, shelled the British in Petersburg. (On stone under the marker): Headquarters of General Lafayette 1781 Frances Bland Randolph Chapter D.A.R. 1903. — Map (db m14638) |
| Virginia, Colonial Heights — S-27 — Lee's Headquarters |
| | Lee's headquarters from the latter part of June, 1864 to September, 1864 were here. — Map (db m14639) |
| Virginia, Fairfax — B 261 — Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag |
| | During the First Battle of Manassas, amid the smoke of combat, troops found it difficult to distinguish between Union and Confederate flags. Generals P.G.T. Beauregard, Joseph E. Johnston and Quartermaster General William L. Cabell met near here in September 1861 and approved the first Confederate battle flag; a square red flag with blue diagonally crossed bars, and 12 stars. This pattern was adapted for use in other battle flags and was incorporated into the Confederate national flag in 1863. . . . — Map (db m7095) |
| Virginia, Fairfax — B 26 — Mosby’s Midnight Raid |
| | Col. John Singleton Mosby formed the 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry “to weaken the armies invading Virginia by harassing their rear.” Near midnight on 8 March 1863, he led his horsemen undetected through Union lines to disrupt communications between Dranesville and Alexandria. Without losing a man or firing a shot, Mosby and his Rangers rode into and out of the garrisoned village of Fairfax Court House and captured Union Brig. General Stoughton in his bed, as well as two captains, . . . — Map (db m5086) |
| Virginia, Fairfax — Old Baptismal Area |
| | Local residents recall the period through the 1930s when Mount Calvary Baptist Church regularly conducted baptismal services in the Accotink Branch, in the pool formed at its confluence with the Tussico. White-robed candidates were immersed by the church clergy as they were baptized into the Christian community. Mount Calvary Baptist Church, founded 1870, is believed to be the first African-American church in the city of Fairfax. — Map (db m5593) |
| Virginia, Fairfax — Old Fairfax High School |
| | This building opened in 1935 as the first 4-year "Fairfax High School," becoming the largest consolidated high school in the county as the Oakton and Clifton High Schools were closed. It closed in 1972 when the new school opened on Old Lee Highway. Serving briefly as the north campus of George Mason University, it became Paul VI Catholic High School in 1982. Fairfax High School began in 1911 in the 1873 elementary school building as a 1-year school, expanded in 1913 to a 2-year school and . . . — Map (db m7099) |
| Virginia, Fairfax — Richard Ratcliffe's Mount Vinyard Plantation |
| | On the knoll 70 yards NE of this marker, stood the home of Richard Ratcliffe (1751-1825). The mansion was on his 600-acre "Mount Vineyard," part of a 1714 land grant of 1,930 acres to George Mason II. In 1798 Ratcliffe donated 4 acres to the east of Mount Vineyard for the Fairfax County Courthouse, built in 1800. Ratcliffe petitioned the Virginia Assembly to establish a town on adjacent property and on January 14, 1805 this town was chartered as "Providence," becoming the City of Fairfax in 1961. — Map (db m7096) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Big Chimneys |
| | Large log house named for its two huge chimneys. One datestone was inscribed 1699, the traditional date quoted for the community's founding. First recorded owner of site is Henry Gunnell (1773 22.75 acre grant). James Gordon, owner 1803-1836, had license for an inn. Thompsons owned cabin from 1845-1868 and Lynchs from 1868, until it was torn down about 1908. At that time cabin was about 25x55 feet with 3 chimneys, 4 rooms on ground floor and 3 rooms above. Foundation stones were dug up in 1972 . . . — Map (db m4192) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Dulin Methodist Church |
| | After the Civil War demolition of Fairfax Chapel, the original part of this Gothic revival church was built by Southern sympathizers in 1869 on 2 acres donated by Wm. Y. Dulin (Part of 1742 208-acre Geo. Harrison Grant). Original chapel now forms the right and rear side of the sanctuary and vestibule, a tower, new entrance, and stained glass windows were added in 1892. In 1926 Gothic Sunday-school wing was added in the west; Church exterior was stuccoed because color of handmade brick in the . . . — Map (db m2841) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Fairfax Chapel |
| | Circuit riders brought methodism to area in the late 1700s, holding meetings in homes. Fairfax Circuit initiated in 1776. Clapboard chapel built in 1779 and enlarged in 1798 on acre of land donated in 1918 by heirs of George Minor (a part of 1731 271-acre T. Harrison grant). Larger red brick structure built in 1819. Services suspended in 1861; Union soldiers demolished chapel using bricks for fireplaces. Site abandoned by methodists after war, but surrounding Oakwood Cemetery remains. In 1885, . . . — Map (db m2832) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Falls Church — Between the Armies |
| | In 1861, Falls Church was a farm village located on the Alexandria-Leesburg Turnpike. On May 24, when Virginia's vote of secession became effective, Union troops crossed the Potomac and occupied Arlington Heights and Alexandria. On June 1, the 2nd U.S. Cavalry left the Falls Church area to launch the first major skirmish of the war against Confederate forces at Fairfax Court House. After the Union defeat at the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) on June 21, Union troops withdrew from the area . . . — Map (db m2825) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Henderson House |
| | This colonial revival bungalow (part of 1724 1,279-acre Pearson Grant) bought by Dr. Edwin B. Henderson in 1913. Henderson's ancestors include Powhattan Chief Mimetou. In 1904 he was first African-American certified to teach physical education; 1920-1954 director of P.E. in D.C. segregated schools. Long active as organizer, coach, and official in New "Negro" leagues. Author in 1939 of "The Negro in Sports"; He also wrote over 3,000 letters to editors stressing need for equal opportunities. He . . . — Map (db m4202) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Jefferson Institute |
| | (Front Side Text): In 1875, citizens of newly chartered town subscribed to build school, as classes were held in Baptist Church, in 1880 Joseph Birch donated land (a part of 1837 24.5-acre Kidwell grant) specifying it always must be used for education. In 1882 Jefferson Institute opened as county primary school in this 2-story brick building with belfry, 6 classrooms and 3 teachers. In 1926, Jefferson became town high school, and reverted to grade school when a new county administered . . . — Map (db m2856) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Presbyterian Church |
| | In 1846 Presbyterians first met in private homes. In 1854, Dr. Simon J. Groot bought 11 acres for $179 (part of 1729 246-acre Trammell grant); Built two-story Groot Hall in 1856; Used for Sunday services, private school, community groups, town hall, and Union army hospital. Presbyterians bought hall in 1866; Used until torn down in 1925. East of Groot Hall, Gothic style church with steepled bell tower was built in 1884 from local granite; It was the town's first stone building. At least half of . . . — Map (db m2865) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Rolling Roads |
| | Site believed near intersection of two indian trails, later used by colonial horsemen and wagons. Tobacco growers improved the routes for delivering this valuable crop which was about ½ of all colonial exports. Draft animals pulled large rolling cylindric casks or hogsheads along the original courses of Alexandria-Leesburg and Little Falls Roads. 1730 law established dockside warehouses & inspectors. They set the quantity and quality of tobacco casks and issued notes to farmers. Notes were . . . — Map (db m4204) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Star Tavern |
| | (Front Side of Marker): After no luck in western goldmines Walter H. Erwin in 1852 bought two acres for $100 (part of 1729 248-acre Trammel grant). Built frame tavern on this site which became a landmark on Leesburg Pike. 1861 sketch shows it with a verandah and green glass star atop a pole. After war, the Independent Order of Grand Templars held their temperance meetings in the tavern. Inn was used for many purposes as successively remodeled. It served as community post office until the . . . — Map (db m2874) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Tallwood |
| | Neo-colonial Brice residence, built in 1870 on 95-acre farm of John Green (Part of 1742 208-acre Harrison grant). Yale Rice, descendant of founder of Yale Univ., bought the property in 1890. Dr. and Mrs. Milton Eisenhower owned the house 1938-1943; Had house painted white and removed front porch. At the direction of Gen. Marshall, Gen. Eisenhower arrived in Washington two weeks after Pearl Harbor, was met by his brother and taken to Falls Church. He and Mamie spent New Year's Eve 1941 at . . . — Map (db m2838) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Taylor’s Tavern — Professor Lowe's Balloons |
| | At the beginning of the war, Union commanders were uncertain of Confederate intentions and military capabilities. On June 22, 1861, civilian balloonist Thaddeus S.C. Lowe inflated his racing balloon Enterprise at the Washington Gas Company to demonstrate its potential in obtaining military information about Confederate troop movements. With the assistance of a 15-man army detachment, he walked the balloon to Taylor's Tavern at the edge of Union territory on the Falls Church heights. On . . . — Map (db m2826) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Taylor’s Tavern |
| | Two-story building with verandahs stood on 56 acres bought in 1856 by Wm. Taylor (part of 1731 271-acre T. Harrison grant). Tavern faced Alexandria-Leesburg Pike west of Junction with Georgetown Road (Wilson Blvd.). Near here on June 24, 1861, balloonist Thaddeus Lowe conducted first aerial reconnaissance in U.S. military history. In August-September CSA Col. J.E.B. Stuart's troops fortified Upton's & Munson's Hills. By October 1861 Union troops had reoccupied hills and added forts Taylor, . . . — Map (db m2837) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — The Birch House |
| | Located on 2.1 acres of land purchased by Joseph E. Birch for $105 in 1849 (part of 1837 24.5-acre Kidwell grant). Original house was 1 1/2 story "I" house, raised to 2-stories in 1850s; 1873 addition doubled the size. Blacksmith/farmer Birch was on first town council. A founder of Jefferson Institute, & a methodist church trustee. Wife Mary led a successful temperance movement. Three generations of Birches lived here until 1968. In 1976, the house, empty and vandalized, along with 2.5 acres . . . — Map (db m2858) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — The Falls Church |
| | This Georgian-style church designed and built in 1767-69 by James Wren, related to Sir Christopher, replacing the 1733 frame structure on 2-acre lot (part of 1729 248-acre Trammel grant). Washington and Mason were vestrymen. After the 1788 disestablishment of the Church of England, fell into disuse until repaired in the 1830s. Union troops used it as a Civil War hospital and stable. Repaired by 1866, an Episcopal congregation has worshipped here since 1873. In 1959, church chancel narthex and . . . — Map (db m2870) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — C 90 — The Falls Church |
| | The first church on this site was built in 1734 and was in Truro Parish. George Washington was elected a vestryman, October 3, 1763. In 1765 the church fell within the newly created Fairfax Parish, of which Washington was chosen a vestryman. The present church was built in 1768. It was used as a recruiting station in the Revolution and as a stable by Union troops, 1862-65. — Map (db m4189) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — The Story of Big Chimneys — 1699-1914 |
| | "Big Chimneys," named for its two large brick chimneys, was probably the first permanent structure on the land that is today within the City of Falls Church. The home stood just east of this sign. The year "1699," inscribed on a chimney-stone, is thought to be the date the structure was built. This is also the date that the community of Falls Church traditionally accepts as its beginning. The original cabin was made of logs in the Scotch-Irish style, with a back door directly opposite the . . . — Map (db m4201) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Tinner Hill Monument |
| | (Left Side Plaque): This monument commemorates the inhabitants of the Tinner Hill area who risked their livelihoods and their lives to defend the principles of the U.S. Bill of Rights. Constructed by the Tinner Hill Heritage Foundation Dedicated June 5, 1999 President - Edwin Bancroft Henderson, II Project Director - David Eckert Designer - John Ballou Engineer - Guy Razzi Architect - Mark Coupard State Sponsor - Delegate Robert Hull Funded by a Commonwealth of Virginia Grant, the . . . — Map (db m4203) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Town Hall |
| | Town was incorporated in 1875. A simple frame town hall was built here about 1880 on 1/4 acre (part of 1729 248-acre Trammell grant). Town Hall bell was rung for council meetings and fires. Later used only for police station. Torn down in 1953. Town boundaries changed twice: once by charter amendment in 1890 which returned South Falls Church to Fairfax County for political purposes; Then by court action in 1936 which returned East Falls Church to Arlington County for tax advantages to its . . . — Map (db m2871) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Tracks into History — The Washington & Old Dominion Railroad |
| | The railroad that became the Washington & Old Dominion was born in Alexandria in response to the competition in shipping posed by the port in Baltimore, which was served by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. The B&O was diverting farm produce from the Shenandoah Valley away from Alexandria by way of its junction with the Winchester & Potomac Railroad. It also had access to the rich coalfields of the Ohio Valley.
A group of Northern Virginia businessmen formed the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire . . . — Map (db m2902) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Train Wrecks |
| | Accidents happened on the Washington & Old Dominion. Mishaps resulted from washouts of the roadbed, loose rails, rotting ties, or from livestock wandering across the tracks. Crew negligence also played a part. One of the earliest and most serious accidents occurred in Round Hill, Virginia. On Christmas Day 1874, an engine in the process of being turned around fell off the turntable and crushed a crewman. Perhaps the most dangerous situation arose from dozens of at-grade street crossings. . . . — Map (db m2899) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Turnpike Tollgate |
| | (Text on Front of Marker): Alexandria-Leesburg Pike, chartered in 1813, was completed after 1838. An 1862 map shows a house and tollgate on four acres bought by John Williams in 1857 (Part of 1837 24.5-acre Kidwell grant). An older tollhouse is suspected but tolls may have been collected at Joseph Birch's smithy across the turnpike. Gate was just west of private wagon road (Cherry St.) used by some to evade toll. Pike was important route to move agricultural products & goods but role . . . — Map (db m2845) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Virginia Training School |
| | (Front Side of Marker): The Duryee home and 11 acres were bought by Mattie Gundry in 1899 for $2,500 (part of 1773 22,75-acre Gunnell grant). On this site she opened the Virginia Training School for retarded children. At that time, it was the only school of its kind in the South and the second largest such school in the nation. It operated until her retirement in 1946. School was torn down by 1947 to make way for Tyler Gardens. Ms. Gundry served 3 terms on the town concil; 37 years as . . . — Map (db m2878) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — West Falls Church Station |
| | In 1912, from the station that stood nearby to your right, you could board a modern interuban passenger coach at 7:34 a.m. and arrive in Georgetown by 8:00 sharp. It was a new century and Washington, D.C., was on the move. The demand was heavy in the early 1900s for passenger service along the mostly residential corridor of the Washington & Old Dominion. Its owners replaced steam power with electricity and scheduled dozens of commuter runs. Often, however, schedules were not met, cars were . . . — Map (db m2901) |
| Virginia, Falls Church — Wren’s Tavern |
| | Famous ordinary believed to be part of Federal-style mansion built on 145 acres bought for $291 in 1787 by James Wren (part of 1742 208-acre G. Harrison grant). Lying north of Alexandria-Leesburg Rolling Road, tavern operated 1789-1815 under James and To 1821 under son John. It was visited by Thomas Jefferson enroute to his presidential inauguration in 1801, as well as by James Madison fleeing from the British in 1814. Wren was architect of The Falls Church, Ponick Church, Christ Church Fairfax . . . — Map (db m2842) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — 127th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry |
| | . . . — Map (db m9089) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Andrew Atkinson Humphreys |
| | (Front): Erected by Pennsylvania
to commemorate the charge of General Humphreys' Division Fifth Corps· On Marye's Heights Fredericksburg Virginia December·13·1862 134th 129th 126th 91st 131st 133rd 123rd 155th Penna · Vol · Inf Brigadier General Andrew Atkinson Humphreys Third Division·Fifth Army Corps (Left): First Brigade Brig·Gen·E·B·Tyler 134th Regiment Col·Edward O'Brien 129th Regiment Col·Jacob G· Frick 126th Regiment Col·Ames G· Elden Lt·Col·Watson Rowe 91st . . . — Map (db m8751) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Angel of Marye's Heights — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | While the Civil War entailed immense destruction and tragedy, it did not always engender hate. For two days following the battle, wounded Union soldiers, caught between the lines, cried out for water. Though exposure to enemy fire even for a moment meant almost certain death, Sergeant Richard R. Kirkland of the 2nd South Carolina Volunteers tried to help. Filling several canteens with water, the young Confederate stepped over the stone wall to care for his wounded enemies. When Union soldiers . . . — Map (db m8661) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Big Gun at Howison Hill — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | Two weeks of Union delay before the Battle of Fredericksburg gave the Confederates time to bring up large cannons rarely seen on other battlefields in Virginia. The sturdy gun emplacements above you protected a huge siege gun, capable of firing a 30-pound shell nearly two miles. Ten men operated the cannon; typically, a gun like this would fire a round every five minutes. As they awaited battle, Confederate cannoneers cut down trees and carefully calculated the range to likely areas of Union . . . — Map (db m8863) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Brompton — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | The house and grounds are not open to the public. "The pillars of the porch...were speckled with the marks of bullets. Shells and shot had made sad havoc with the walls and the woodwork inside. The windows were shivered, the partitions torn to pieces, and the doors perforated." Traveler John T. Trowbridge, September 1865 A home, a headquarters, and a hospital: each of these terms accurately describes "Brompton," the large brick house one the hill above you. Built around 1824, the . . . — Map (db m8635) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Clara Barton |
| | 1862 - 1962 In Memory of Clara BartonFounder of the American Red Cross. A devoted nurse and tireless organizer who knew no enemy but the unfeeling heart. We walk the ways she took in easing the suffering at the Battle of Fredericksburg when the churches became military hospitals. — Map (db m14428) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Col. Joseph A. Moesch |
| | (Front): In memory of Col. Joseph A. Moesch Killed at the Wilderness May 6, 1864 ——— Erected by Surviving Comrades (Rear): 83rd N.Y. Vol's ——— Ninth Regiment N.Y.S.M. -- N.G.S.N.Y. 2nd Brig. 2nd Div. 5th Corps. — Map (db m9092) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Confederate Artillery — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | Artillery was an effective weapon, particularly when used in defensive combat. Nowhere was that demonstrated more clearly than here on Marye's Heights, where nine guns of the Washington Artillery shattered the ranks of the oncoming Union army. "The shells fell thick and fast, exploding with deafening roar right in our midst. Shattered, torn and bleeding, our column still pushed on," wrote one Union soldier. Toward sunset the Washington Artillery's ammunition ran low and the battalion retired . . . — Map (db m8690) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Confederates on the Ridge — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | "What chance had flesh and blood to carry by storm such a position, garrisoned too as it was with veteran soldiers? Not one chance in a million." Alexander Hunter, 17th Virginia Infantry. At noon, December 13, 1862, the first of nine Union divisions poured out of Fredericksburg to attack a Georgia brigade that occupied the Sunken Road below you. "How beautifully they came on!" wrote an admiring Southerner. "Their bright bayonets glistening in the sunlight made the line look like a huge . . . — Map (db m8689) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Corporation Court House |
| | (Left Side Plaque):City of Fredericksburg Virginia Corporation Court House Erected 1851-52 Mayor .....Robert B. Semple Judge of Court .. John Tayloe Lomax Building Commissioners Thomas B. Berton, chairman B.R. Wellford William Allen John Minor John James Chew Architect James Renwick Contractor Wm. M. BaggottA former court house, erected on this site in 1733, was torn down in 1851 to permit the erection of this court house (Right Side Plaque):Fredericksburg Corporation Court House . . . — Map (db m14432) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Ferries and Flats |
| | In 1728, the colonial government established Fredericksburg as far upstream on the Rappahannock River as was navigable. Vessels traveling to and from the Chesapeake Bay and beyond could tie up at the docks there. Workers and slaves loaded tobacco and iron during the Colonial period, but wheat exports grew in volume following the American Revolution. The railroad bridge in front of you crosses the Rappahannock River through this once busy commercial area. Upstream is Falmouth, also founded in . . . — Map (db m14422) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Field of Battle — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | This photograph, taken from the heights to your right-rear, shows the landscape in front of you as it appeared the year after the Battle of Fredericksburg. The town of Fredericksburg sits atop the ridge in the distance; the spire of St. George's Episcopal Church dominates the skyline (and it still does). Before the war, much of the open ground in this view had been Fredericksburg's fairgrounds. Fences that once enclosed them and sheds that once dotted the fairgrounds were swept away during . . . — Map (db m8847) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg — Civil War Sites |
| | For 18 months Fredericksburg was at the heart of the Civil War. Union and Confederate soldiers camped here, fought here and died here. Today there are many sites within the city. Civil War walking tour information is available free at the Fredericksburg Visitor Center. — Map (db m9093) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg — Where 100,000 Fell |
| | Because of the immense amount of fighting that occurred here, the Fredericksburg area has been called the vortex of the Civil War. Four major battles - Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House - resulting in approximately 100,000 casualties, took place within twenty miles of the town. The Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park administers these battlefields and three related sites: Chatham, Salem Church and the Stonewall Jackson Shrine. A . . . — Map (db m9096) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign |
| | December 13, 1862. The Washington Artillery of New Orleans was posted around the Marye House here on Marye's Heights. Col. J. B. Walton, the commanding officer, had his headquarters in the house. This unit and Alexander's Reserve Battalion, which relieved it during the afternoon, helped hurl back seven Federal charges. On May 3, 1863, Sedgwick's Federal VI Corps, attempting to join Hooker at Chancellorsville, successfully stormed these heights, only to be defeated at Salem Church, four miles . . . — Map (db m8636) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg Campaign |
| | December 13, 1862. On this ridge, called Marye's Heights, blazed the cannon of Col. J.B. Walton's Louisiana battalion, the Washington Artillery. Late in the day, out of ammunition, it yielded the post to Col. E.P. Alexander's Reserve Artillery. Gen. Robert Ransom's North Carolina infantrymen supported the guns and reinforced Cobb's Georgians and Kershaw's South Carolinians in the Sunken Road below. The open field of attack was raked "as with a fine-tooth comb," Alexander assured corps commander . . . — Map (db m8821) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg National Cemetery — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | Approximately 20,000 soldiers died in this region during the Civil War, their remains scattered throughout the countryside in shallow, often unmarked, graves. In 1865 Congress established Fredericksburg National Cemetery as a final resting place for Union soldiers who died on area battlefields. Confederate soldiers were buried in cemeteries located at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania Court House. Work on Fredericksburg National Cemetery commenced in 1866 and was completed in 1869. Veterans . . . — Map (db m8740) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Fredericksburg National Cemetery — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | Approximately 20,000 soldiers died in this region during the Civil War, their remains scattered throughout the countryside in shallow, often unmarked, graves. In 1865 Congress established Fredericksburg National Cemetery as a final resting place for Union soldiers who died on area battlefields. Confederate soldiers were buried in cemeteries located at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania Court House. Work on Fredericksburg National Cemetery commenced in 1866 and was completed in 1869. Veterans . . . — Map (db m8851) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Hugh Mercer |
| | Sacred to the memory of Hugh Mercer, Brigadier-General in the Army of The United States; He died on the 12th of January, 1777, of the wounds he received on the 3d of same month, near Princetown, in New Jersey, bravely defending the Liberties of America. The Congress of the United States in testimony of his virtues, and their gratitude, have caused this monument to be erected. — Map (db m14424) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Innis House — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | This frame building, known as the Innis (or "Ennis") house, stands as a mute witness to the terrible combat that engulfed this spot. Located along the Confederate line of battle, the small structure was marred by soldier graffiti and perforated by bullets and shell fragments. Confederate General Lafayette McLaws wrote that the house "had no space as large as two hands on it that had not been pierced." Although the family replaced the exterior clapboards, you can still see bullet marks on one . . . — Map (db m8569) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — John Paul Jones House |
| | This tablet marks the only home in America of John Paul Jones He was appointed a lieutenant in the Continental Navy while still a resident of Virginia — Map (db m14420) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Lee's Command Post — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | This hill served as General Robert E. Lee's command post during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Before the fighting started, Confederate pioneers cut down trees on the front slope of the hill, giving the Confederate leader a better view of the battlefield than is possible today. To his left, he could see Fredericksburg and Marye's Heights. To his right was the broad plain in front of Prospect Hill and the right end of the Confederate line. Lee spent much of December 13, 1862, here, watching the . . . — Map (db m8861) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Lee's Headquarters — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | The hill in front of you, once called Telegraph Hill but now known as Lee's Hill, served as General Robert E. Lee's headquarters during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Throughout the afternoon of December 13, 1862, Lee and his generals watched uneasily as the Union army repeatedly attacked Southern troops in the Sunken Road. The Federal infantry became easy targets for Confederate artillery atop this hill and Howison Hill (a quarter mile to your left). The Union attacks failed. The grandeur of . . . — Map (db m8858) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Near Disaster — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | On this hill on December 13, 1862, Confederate General Robert E. Lee twice nearly met personal disaster. While firing its 39th round of the day, a 30-pounder Parrott Rifle (like the one in front of you) burst, sending chunks of metal across the hilltop - narrowly missing Generals Lee and Longstreet. Later, a Union artillery shell fired from Stafford Heights, more than a mile away, buried itself in the earthworks at Lee's side. The shell failed to explode. Meanwhile, Confederate cannons here . . . — Map (db m8862) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Original Wall — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | Standing here you can clearly see how the Sunken Road got its name. Cut into the base of Marye's Heights, the roadbed sits several feet below the grade of the surrounding hill slope. Stone retaining walls on either side of the road hold the banks in place. When the Confederate army arrived here in November 1862, it found a ready-made breastwork behind which to fight. At the time of the battle, the stone wall stretched for more than 500 yards along the eastern (left) side of the road. After . . . — Map (db m8638) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Parker's Battery |
| | May 3, 1863 In this vicinity the men of Parker's Confederate Battery (the "Boy Company") under Lt. J. Thompson Brown fought two guns, twice gallantly assisting in repulsing the Union VI Corps before being outflanked and overwhelmed. — Map (db m8850) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Site of Barton House |
| | Site of Barton House, a beautiful Georgian style structure built in 1785 by James Maury, whom George Washington appointed as the first American ambassador to England. Guests in the Barton House included such notables as General Robert E. Lee and Daniel Webster. The present building erected in 1905, is the former Princess Anne Hotel, for over half a century the center of the cultural and social life of the city of Fredericksburg. During its life as a hotel, Winston Churchill, Clemenceau, David . . . — Map (db m14426) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Stephens Family Cemetery — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | Buried here are eight members of the Innis, Mazeen, and Stephens families, including the most famous of them all: Martha Stephens. Local children knew Martha Stephens as "Granny." They also remembered her ever-present apron, the pipe often clenched in her teeth, and her matronly form. But Martha Stephens was no typical "Granny." At the time when women rarely owned property, she owned no fewer than seven tracts, including a 92-acre farm in Spotsylvania County. For a time, she ran a saloon in . . . — Map (db m8568) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Sunken Road Walking Trail — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | On December 13, 1862, Union troops poured out of Fredericksburg to attack Confederate forces behind the town. The heaviest blows fell here at Marye's Heights. For eight hours Union troops repeatedly charged the heights only to be slaughtered by the volleys of Confederate riflemen occupying a sunken road at the base of the hill. This half-mile trail takes you down the Sunken Road, then climbs the hill and comes back along Marye's Heights, concluding at the National Cemetery. Those not wishing . . . — Map (db m8830) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Confederate Line — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | You are now standing beside the Sunken Road, part of a heavily used 19th-century road system that linked Washington, D.C. and Richmond. In 1862, Confederate riflemen fired from the road upon line after line of Union troops advancing across open fields to your left. (Houses constructed early last century now cover most of these fields.) A waist-high stone wall protected the Confederate riflemen; Union troops had no such protection. To your right is Marye's Heights. Nine guns of the Washington . . . — Map (db m8510) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Corporation Burying Ground — and other Fredericksburg Cemeteries |
| | The park around you was once known as the Corporation Burying Ground. Burials occurred here from 1787 through 1853 and included Dr. Charles Mortimer, who had been Mary Washington's personal physician. He also served as Fredericksburg's first mayor, under the 1781 charter granted by the Virginia Assembly, independent of the British Crown. Following the Civil War, the graves and stones were removed and the cemetery converted to its current use as Hurkamp Park. Fredericksburg encompasses many . . . — Map (db m14429) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Ebert House and Store — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | You could smell the gingerbread and candy when you went into the store. It was utterly quiet, the only noise was the ticking of a clock...and an elderly lady knitting and rocking. A local resident On this corner stood the home of the Ebert family, Henry and Sophia Ebert emigrated from Prussia in the 1840s, joining a growing and prospering community of German entrepreneurs in Fredericksburg. The Eberts opened a small grocery store in their home on this corner, catering to travelers . . . — Map (db m8640) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Killing Fields — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | This view, taken a mile behind you, shows the vast open space in front of Marye's Heights only months after the December 1862 battle. Union troops crossed the plain between the town (in the foreground) and Marye's Heights. Some attackers advanced to within about 80 yards of the Sunken Road, and a few got as close as 40 yards. More than 7,500 Union troops fell killed or wounded in the span of the photograph, on the ground just behind you. The photograph shows clearly both the stark nature of . . . — Map (db m8663) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Second Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | Five months after the Battle of Fredericksburg the Union army finally captured Marye's Heights. On May 5, 1863, General John Sedgwick's Sixth Corps streamed out of Fredericksburg to attack this ridge. Twice Confederates on the Sunken Road repulsed the assaults, but on the third try Sedgwick's men triumphed. Charging up a ravine 500 yards to your left-front, the victorious Union soldiers swept across this plateau, capturing eight cannon, including two guns of Captain William W. Parker's battery, . . . — Map (db m8848) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Stephens House — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | The foundation outlined before you marks the wartime home of Edward and Martha Stephens. On December 13, 1862, the house was caught in the vortex of Union attacks against the Sunken Road. Confederate sharpshooters fired from the house windows and roof. The Union artillery shell that killed General Thomas Cobb passed through the house before exploding. Legend holds that Martha Stephens, unlike most local residents, remained in her house throughout the battle. She purportedly made repeated, . . . — Map (db m8550) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Sunken Road — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | For 130 years, this was a road like thousands of others. First called the County Road, then Telegraph Road, it carried farmer's wagons into Fredericksburg or townsfolk to visit relatives in the country. During the 1830s an adjacent landowner built stone walls along the road as it passed below Marye's Heights and "Brompton," the home of John L. Marye. In the 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, the road shed its former names and became simply the "Sunken Road," one of the most famous byways in . . . — Map (db m8854) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Union Attacks Begin — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | In 1862 the ground in front of you was an open plain stretching from here to the outskirts of Fredericksburg, one-half mile away. As Union troops left the town to attack Marye's Heights, they had to break ranks to cross a canal ditch, then knock down fences on an old fairground. For the last 300-400 yards of their advance toward the Sunken Road, they were virtually without cover. Eighteen Union brigades - more than 30,000 men - successively swept across the field. For eight hours the killing . . . — Map (db m8502) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — The Willis Hill Buildings — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | In December 1862 Confederate artillery on this hill rained shot and shell on attacking Union soldiers advancing out of Fredericksburg. Next to the guns was a small brick building, one of three that then occupied this part of the heights. "The little brick house, which was white at the beginning of the battle, was perfectly red with bullet-marks at its close," wrote one Confederate. "There was an odd cooking-stove in front of the house. The balls striking it kept up a perpetual 'bing, bing,' . . . — Map (db m8712) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Thomas R. R. Cobb — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | The monument across the road marks the spot where General Thomas R. R. Cobb suffered a mortal wound. A brilliant Constitutional lawyer prior to the war, he left his practice to take up arms for the South. At Fredericksburg Cobb fought his first battle as a brigadier general in command of a Georgia brigade. He was determined to do well. When told before the battle that he must fall back if the troops on his left gave way, Cobb growled, "Well! If they wait for me to fall back, they will wait a . . . — Map (db m8522) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — To the Confederate Dead |
| | (Text of tablet placed in 1992):In honor of Confederate Soldiers who died in Fredericksburg Oct 1861 through Mar 1862 and buried in Barton St. Cemetery No record of reinterment when site reused in 1920 Alabama 14th Infantry- Archer G.W. Barron W Blair R Brooks J M Chalk B P Clark J D Croxton L A Dunson W W Ginty W C Harper J Lee W C Stiff W C Tapier B P Thompson T J Web W W Arkansas Barnett J D - 3 Inf Davis R H - 3 Inf McCalie A J - 2 Inf Philips J L - 1 Inf . . . — Map (db m14425) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Welcome to Fredericksburg, Va — Stone Tools to Seltzer Bottles |
| | Commuters and rail passengers hurry to their trains over asphalt paving that is only the most recent layer in Fredericksburg's history. These travelers cross over prehistoric work sites, eighteenth-century shops and dwellings, a Civil War battleground, and the debris and fill left by the twentieth-century railroad that continues to tie the City to neighboring communities and the nation at large. Fredericksburg's preparation to provide commuter rail service presented the opportunity to explore . . . — Map (db m14419) |
| Virginia, Fredericksburg — Willis Hill Cemetery — The Battle of Fredericksburg |
| | "There is a private cemetery on the crest, surrounded by a brick wall. Burnside's artillery had not spared it. I looked over the wall, which was badly smashed in places, and saw the overthrown monuments and broken tombstones lying on the ground." John T. Trowbridge, 1865 This quiet hilltop graveyard, dating to the mid-eighteenth century, sheltered Confederate soldiers during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Medical personnel treated wounded soldiers behind its walls, and at least one . . . — Map (db m8718) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Burning of Manassas |
| | Manassas Junction was twice destroyed by fire in the Civil War and badly damaged by fires in 1905 and 1911. The Confederates burned their base here in March 1862 to avoid seizure by the Federals and Stonewall Jackson destroyed the Federal base in August, 1862. — Map (db m2456) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Dean Divers Church |
| | This area was known as Five Forks during the Civil War and was settled by freed slaves during Reconstruction. In 1900 a Missionary Sunday School was opened on Balls Ford Road by Miss Jennie Dean. In 1909 this site was donated by Henritta Page. Though financial contributions by the Divers family of New Jersey and efforts of Miss Dean, the establishment of Dean Divers Baptist Church became a reality. — Map (db m20962) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Defenses of Manassas |
| | In this vicinity stood a number of small earthworks erected by the Confederates in the summer of 1861 to protect the railroad and their army’s base here. The Confederates evacuated Manassas in March, 1862, destroying what militarily useful material they could not remove. — Map (db m2470) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Katie Hooe House |
| | This structure reputedly is the oldest dwelling in Manassas. Part of the building is of log and is supposed to have been built before the Civil War. Most of the original houses of the hamlet of Tudor Hall—subsequently Manassas, were in the fields in this area. In 1861 the Confederates erected a hospital nearby. — Map (db m2415) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1850 — Katie Hooe House & Tudor Hall — A New Village |
| | The Kate Hooe House at 8920 Quarry Road is the only known building in the historic district believed to date from the pre-Civil War period, when Manassas was a small village at the junction of two railroad lines. This wood frame house contains a rear ell, constructed of logs, that was used as housing for railroad workers. Just east of this spot stood the early 19th century farm dwelling Tudor Hall, (later structure pictured at right), which gave its name to the train stop and post office . . . — Map (db m23798) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1862 — Civil War Railroad Turntable & Repair Shop — Railroad Central to War |
| | In this vicinity stood the Civil War era Orange & Alexandria Railroad repair shops. Just east of Manassas City Hall stood the sidings and turntable of the railroad, used to reverse the direction of a train. When the Confederates evacuated the Manassas area in March 1862, the turntable, an engine, rolling stock, and other equipment were destroyed to keep them out of enemy hands. Since the railroad track was torn up before the locomotive could be sent south, the engine was wrecked where it sat (see photo on left). — Map (db m23825) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1890 - 1900s — Railroad Work's Homes Add Variety to City Architecture — A Prosperous Town |
| | After the county seat moved to Manassas in 1892, and the Southern Railway continued to prosper, the area outside the core downtown and along the railroad track experienced a building boom. The new clapboard homes ranged in style from Italianate, Second Empire, Queen Anne to Craftsman and American Foursquare. Several examples of turn-of-the-19th century Queen Anne-style dwellings are concentrated in the 9300 block of Prescott Avenue, and were built for Southern Railway employees: see the R.L. . . . — Map (db m23797) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1900 — A Flurry of Construction — Speiden Leaves Mark on Town |
| | As Manassas grew and prospered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the historic district filled with prominent homes, churches, and commercial buildings. The town had two banks and two newspapers. Telephone service began in 1895. Albert Speiden (pictured at right), a noted Washington, D.C. and Virginia architect who lived on Battle Street, designed the first Town Hall and many buildings and churches in Old Town. Manassas builders John, Frank, and Ira Cannon, and Benjamin C. Cornwell . . . — Map (db m23826) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas 1906 — Rebuilding Manassas — A Spirit of Optimism |
| | When the Civil War ended, newcomers and residents rebuilt the burned and devastated landscape around this vital railroad junction. The resulting town of Manassas, incorporated in 1873, quickly became the transportation and commercial hub of Prince William County. After a devastating 1905 fire, optimistic Manassas citizens rebuilt the town again. The town council required that buildings erected in the central business district be constructed of brick, stone, or concrete. Most of the prominent . . . — Map (db m23828) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manassas Presbyterian Church |
| | Built in 1875, this building served the congregation for 100 years. Built of locally quarried red sandstone, the church had original Tiffany windows which were removed to the new church. The church was shown in My Son John, a movie partially filmed in Manassas in 1952 starring Van Heflin and Helen Hayes. Two former steeples have been removed. — Map (db m2471) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Manasss 1905 - The Great Fire — Courage & Determination Save Town |
| | During the cold winter night of December 5, 1905, a smoldering fire began in Blossom's Alley across the tracks from the train depot. It soon raged through the young town of Manassas, destroying 35 homes, the post office, and business bordered by Main, Center, and Battle Streets and the railroad tracks. Standing shoulder to shoulder, men, women, and children of all ages passed buckets of water and wet blankets down Center street to extinguish the fire. Local lore tells that brickmaker Donation . . . — Map (db m23773) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — A Civil War Redoubt — The Manassas Museum System |
| | This 11-acre historic park, part of the Manassas Museum System, contains one of only two surviving Civil War fortifications in the City of Manassas. The earthwork was built by Confederate troops in the Spring of 1861 as part of the Manassas Junction defenses, on the Hooe family farm, Mayfield. The historic site contains the Mayfield house foundation and the Hooe family cemetery, as well as walking trails, interpretive markers, and reproduction cannon. Please proceed along the marked trails . . . — Map (db m2366) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — Fortifying the Junction — The Manassas Museum System |
| | Following Virginia’s decision to secede from the Union in in April 1861, Southern troops began arriving here at the small village of Tudor Hall, which soon came to be known as Manassas Junction. This place, where the Orange & Alexandria and Manassas Gap railroads intersected, was quickly transformed from a quite farming community into a military stronghold. Some 20,000 new recruits poured in from across Virginia and other Southern states. Confederate leaders recognized the importance of . . . — Map (db m2369) |
| Virginia, Manassas — Mayfield Civil War Fort — The Changing Fortunes of War — The Manassas Museum System |
| | After the First Battle of Manassas on June 21, 1861, Confederate forces continued to hold Manassas Junction until March 1862. They evacuated Manassas and moved south in order to counter Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s plans to attack Richmond. During this period, Union forces occupied the abandoned Confederate earthworks. Manassas Junction became an important supply base for the Federals. On August 26, 1862, Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson’s troops briefly . . . — Map (db m2370) |
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