Photograph as originally submitted to this page in the Historical Marker Database www.HMdb.org. Click on photo to resize in browser. Scroll down to see metadata.

Taken: April 10, 2008
Caption: Lava Fortress Marker
Additional Description: Caption below the photo of LTC Wheaton:
“…one thousand men would be required to dislodge them from their almost impregnable position…” wrote Lt. Col, Frank Wheaton of the Modocs’ military skills after his garrison’s failed attack on the Stronghold, January 17, 1873.

Caption below the photo of Col. Gillem:
Col. Alven C. Gillem launched an intense two-day assault on the Stronghold that cut the Modocs’s water supply, forcing them out on the nights of April 16-17, 1873.

Caption below the photo of Captain Jack:
Modoc leader Kientpoos, known to local whites as Captain Jack
Submitted: March 3, 2013.
Database Locator Identification Number: p235556
File Size: 1.745 Megabytes

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