To the imperishable glory
of
the men of this province
who fought and died
for
their king and country
in the Great War
1914 — 1918
Erected by Col. Macleod Chapter
I. O. D. E. — — Map (db m196990) WM
[English] The scale and bold design of the Mewata Armoury exemplify the wave of national pride that greeted Canada's strong performance in the South African War. In western Canada this military enthusiasm led to a dramatic increase in militia . . . — — Map (db m196993) HM
Briefly called the Bowness Bridge during its construction in 1910-11, this structure has been known for many years as the Shouldice Bridge. Since its construction, the bridge has provided an invaluable transportation link between Bowness and . . . — — Map (db m196995) HM
In 1884 Canmore was just a whistle-stop on the newly built Canadian Pacific Railway when two prospectors unearthed black coal on the west side of the Bow River. Two years later, Queen Victoria granted a Charter to mine coal in the Canmore area and . . . — — Map (db m197082) HM
[English] Atlas No. 3 (1936-1956) played a central role in the coal industry of the Drumheller Valley, a leading area in the production of Canadian coal. The mine employed skilled miners and used mechanized equipment to produce large supplies . . . — — Map (db m196996) HM
The 1909 Strathcona City Council had to make a decision. Where do they house the volunteer fire department? After much spirited debate they decided that the old fire hall was not worth repairing and a new one should be built. The citizens agreed. In . . . — — Map (db m197048) HM
Originally known as Strathcona Fire Hall Number 1, this structure is the last remaining example of a pre First World War fire hall in Edmonton. Designed by Arthur G. Wilson and David E. Herrald, the hall was built by contractor James M. Eaton at a . . . — — Map (db m197047) HM
This was the first public library building in Edmonton. The Carnegie Foundation offered to build a library of a specified size and shape; this did not meet the requirements of the citizens of Strathcona, who refused the offer and instead financed . . . — — Map (db m197046) HM
[English] Construction of a bridge across the North Saskatchewan River was first proposed by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1905. After extended negotiations with the government and the cities of Edmonton and Strathcona, construction began . . . — — Map (db m197052) HM
In May 1905, Lethbridge signed its largest incentive agreement to bring the CPR's divisional point from (Fort) Macleod to Lethbridge. The City offered the company a 20-year tax exemption on 120 acres (48.6 ha) of land and 200,000 gallons (909,000 L) . . . — — Map (db m196966) HM
Built in 1890 and manned by volunteer firefighters, the structure is the oldest brick fire hall in Alberta. The building was expanded and rebuilt on this site in 1908. Larger doors accommodated new equipment and additional space provided living . . . — — Map (db m196970) HM
The employees of the Alberta Railway & Coal Company founded the “Miners Library” and established the earliest library in Lethbridge. In 1918 the local YMCA provided the first home for the Lethbridge Public Library. As the city grew, the citizens . . . — — Map (db m196972) HM
Rising 307 feet from the valley floor, this bridge, over which runs the Canadian Pacific Railway through the Crows Nest Pass, spans the valley in one mile and forty seven feet. Completed in 1909, it is the longest, highest bridge of its type in the . . . — — Map (db m196961) HM
On October 10th, 1912 the Duke of Connaught, Governor General of Canada, officially opened this building as the “Manual Training School”, the first in the Province of Alberta. Designed by architects H.M. and W.A. Whiddington, they used a combination . . . — — Map (db m196976) HM
[English] This Canadian Pacific Railway viaduct, built between 1907 and 1909 across the Oldman River Valley, was an engineering triumph. More than 1,600 metres long and 95 metres high, this steel structure is the longest and highest of its . . . — — Map (db m196963) HM
1912 Coal miners working in the Star Mine crossed the Red Deer River in rowboats.
1919 An aerial cable car system was built, which transported both men & coal from the mine to tipple on this (south) side, The C.N.R. carried the coal from . . . — — Map (db m196998) HM
[World War I plaque]
These went and came not again
In memory of those from
this community who gave
their lives in the Great War.
H.C. Barss • J. Berry • P.A. Conneau • J. Coutts • J. Crompton • A. Dalton • J. Edmonds • J. Elliott • . . . — — Map (db m197042) WM
Old Town Hall is a neo classical two storey brick building built in 1929. Prominent features of this style include the building's symmetrical facade, decorated cornice with dentil detailing and decorate lintels above the window and door openings. . . . — — Map (db m197041) HM
This was once the "jumping off point" for the vast northland. Here in 1887 the first steamboat "Athabasca" was built to ply the river between Mirror Landing and Grand Rapids.
Steamboats superceded the canoe, York boat, and scow, and were . . . — — Map (db m8837) HM
Banff's first train station was actually located 1.5km east along the line from here. By 1888 it was deemed to be too far from the hot springs and a new log station was built at the site of today's station.
This new location for the train . . . — — Map (db m197062) HM
Opened in 1895, the Banff Park Museum was moved into this building in 1903. Its cross-log motif exemplifies an architectural style common in the town at the time. Norman Bethune Sanson, the museum’s curator from 1896 to 1932, energetically developed . . . — — Map (db m8836) HM
This hotel is among the largest and most renowned of the fashionable resort hotels established along railway and steamship routes in Canada during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Constructed by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company in stages . . . — — Map (db m100084) HM
Born in Ceylon and educated in Scotland and Germany, Gibbon studied painting before turning to journalism. As publicity agent for the Canadian Pacific Railway from 1913 to 1945 he combined advertising with the promotion of a Canadian identity, . . . — — Map (db m108632) HM
Located at the top of Sulfur Mountain, the cosmic ray station was completed by the National Research Council in 1956, in preparation for International Geophysical Year (1957–1958) an undertaking involving 66 countries and a dozen scientific . . . — — Map (db m109422) HM
The Cave and Basin Springs were brought to public attention after being located by CPR construction workers in 1883. These and the Upper Hot Springs soon drew private entrepreneurs and tourists. Growing support for public ownership prompted the . . . — — Map (db m108877) HM
End of the Road On the night of July 14, 1915 sixty prisoners were marshalled off a Canadian Pacific train just west of here and escorted to a barbed wire compound at the end of the unfinished Banff–Laggan (now Lake Louise) road. So . . . — — Map (db m109003) HM
During Canada’s first national internment operations in World War One, thousands of immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the majority of Ukrainian origin, some citizens of Canada, were imprisoned as “enemy aliens”. Internment operations . . . — — Map (db m8827) HM
ENGLISH INSCRIPTION
Mountains create their own weather
As winds swirl around and rise above these massive barriers, clouds build up and bring the rain and snowstorms for which Storm Mountain was named.
Travellers . . . — — Map (db m82917)
Erected in honor of Sir James Hector K. C. M. C. Geologist and explorer to the Palliser Expedition of 1857 - 1860 by his friends in Canada, the United States & England. One of the earliest scientists to explore the Canadian Rocky Mountains. He . . . — — Map (db m70443) HM
This renowned hotel had its origins in a simple log chalet built by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1890. Early guests, including some pioneers of mountaineering in the northern Rockies, followed a packhorse trail from the station below. The advent . . . — — Map (db m109415) HM
Prior to 1913 the Alberta-British Columbia boundary was defined by the divide or watershed of the Rocky Mountains. The discovery of valuable coal deposits and the availability of marketable timber and the incursion of railroads and roads required a . . . — — Map (db m70445) HM
Imagine arriving here in the 1880s…the smell of pine forest, the sound of avalanches from the mountains above, and the wonder of vast unexplored country ahead. Today, the ice-capped peaks, hidden valleys and turquoise lakes are as spectacular as . . . — — Map (db m100116) HM
How many creeks do you know of that split, with each fork reaching a separate ocean, 4500 km apart.
Here, Divide Creek forks on the boundary between Pacific and Atlantic watersheds, commonly called the Great Divide.
Water in the left fork will . . . — — Map (db m177899) HM
A European food that was brought to Western Canada in the early 19th century by the working and poor people. It originated as a boiled dumpling, and later people added whatever they desired inside, and it became a pyrogy – pyrohy, sometimes called . . . — — Map (db m8813) HM
The Meeting Creek depot was built by the Canadian Northern Railway in 1913 to a “Standard Third Class” plan issued by the company. It is typical of many “combination” railway depots used throughout North America – providing facilities for passenger . . . — — Map (db m197015) HM
Finlay Bridge is a vehicle and foot bridge that crosses the South Saskatchewan River, connecting the north (Riverside) and south sides (downtown) of Medicine Hat. It officially opened in May 14, 1908/
Finlay Bridge is named for William T. Finlay: . . . — — Map (db m196935) HM
This plant, which was critical to the development of the Turner Valley oil field, is the earliest gas processing facility built in Canada and the only survivor of its type. The present complex was begun in 1921 after a fire destroyed the original . . . — — Map (db m8825) HM
Turner Valley is Alberta’s first great oilfield. Initially the field, which began production in 1914, yielded mainly natural gas. Local plants, which provided the only extensive gas-processing system in the province, extracted the marketable . . . — — Map (db m9204) HM
Strolling down the aisle, a conductor announces your destination. With steely squeals and a pish-sh-sh-sh of pent up steam, the locomotive glides to a halt. Descending the coach's stairs you step through the mist and arrive at Jasper Station. . . . — — Map (db m108634) HM
[English] This building is one of the finest and most influential examples of rustic architecture in Canada’s national parks. Designed by A.M. Calderon and completed in 1914, it introduced a building tradition based on the use of local . . . — — Map (db m197059) HM
A preeminent topographical surveyor, Wheeler represented British Columbia on the commission which located and marked the boundary with Alberta between 1913 and 1925. His party surveyed and mapped the 1000 km-long mountain section, using photographs . . . — — Map (db m108876) HM
The development of this field in 1947 marked a turning point in the history of the Alberta petroleum industry. After the drilling of Leduc No. 1, the geographical focus of the industry shifted from Turner Valley northward to the central plains area, . . . — — Map (db m8856) HM
Water flowed through the Brooks Aqueduct every year from 1915 until it was replaced in 1979. The engineers who built the Aqueduct planned a delivery rate of about 900 cubic feet (25 cu. m) of water per second. The Aqueduct never managed it. From the . . . — — Map (db m196947) HM
Getting the water in and out of the Aqueduct wasn't the only challenge. As it marched across the valley it would run smack into the CPR tracks. The Aqueduct as planned was not high enough for trains to go under it. And the construction required to . . . — — Map (db m196952) HM
Many settlers in the Eastern Irrigation Section had a hard time in the 1920s and 1930s. Low grain prices, deteriorating soils from alkali seepage into fields, and inexperience with irrigation farming techniques were some of the problems. Even though . . . — — Map (db m196954) HM
1916 “On April 6 … a camp … was located at the aqueduct for the purpose of tightening and repacking the metal bands at six expansion joints, and also of putting on additional bands … Total cost $160.00.”
1917 “Work was started on . . . — — Map (db m196955) HM
[English] The CPR built this reinforced concrete aqueduct between 1912 and 1914. It was part of a large irrigation scheme using water diverted from the Bow River to transform 55,000 hectares east of Brooks from semi-arid rangeland to farmland . . . — — Map (db m196937) HM
“So he grabbed hold of a pick, he just kind of lifted it up a bit and then drove it right through, right through the bowl. Well, as the pick went through the bowl his hair stood straight up on end, I can assure . . . — — Map (db m196950) HM
In the early 1900s the Canadian Pacific Railroad began construction of a huge irrigation project in Alberta comprising over a million hectares (3 million acres). Part of this original block land grant to the railway is now known as the Eastern . . . — — Map (db m196941) HM
Red Deer's population grew rapidly during the Second World War due to the construction of military training camps and the onset of Alberta's energy boom. In response to the city's growth, the Federal Building, which housed the post office, was . . . — — Map (db m197005) HM
The austere brick walls and Tyndall limestone columns of the Old Court House convey a sense of awe. This was intentional, as the building's Classical Revival style was meant to give the impression of power and civilization – attributes designed to . . . — — Map (db m197003) HM
Built in 1914 in the Gothic Revival style, the Armoury was constructed as the headquarters of the 35th Central Alberta Horse Regiment. The Armoury served as a recruitment office and training centre for the Department of Militia and Defence for more . . . — — Map (db m197012) HM
[First plaque]
In proud and grateful
remembrance of those
who made the supreme
sacrifice in the wars
1914 – 1918
1939 – 1945
1950 – 1953
[Second plaque]
If ye break faith
with us who die
we shall not sleep . . . — — Map (db m197000) WM
CNR Water Tank History
Heinsburg became a terminal and turn around point for the Canadian National Railway (CNR) Coronado sub-division in the 1920's after the proposed Heinsburg-Frenchman Butte link was cancelled. A water tank was needed at . . . — — Map (db m197045) HM
The turntable was one means of turning steam locomotives and an essential component of the roundhouse complex. It consisted of a revolving bridge, balanced on a centre bearing, in a circular pit. After dumping their fires at the ash pit, locomotives . . . — — Map (db m197013) HM
Every divisional point had an engine house or “shop” as it was commonly referred to. It was in these structures that after each run, steam locomotives were checked, cleaned, and miscellaneous light repairs performed. The “roundhouse,” known as such . . . — — Map (db m197014) HM
Like many other communities in Alberta, Wainwright is where it is today because of a railway. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTPR) surveyed the townsite in 1908, forcing the moving of buildings from Denwood 2.5 miles to the new town. Following its . . . — — Map (db m197033) HM
West of Wainwright the railway met a deep challenge, a glorious valley that was home to the Battle River. In 1907, the concrete footings of the bridge that would span the valley were poured. Farmers and other contractors hauled supplies to the site . . . — — Map (db m197037) HM
ENGLISH INSCRIPTION
Western Canada’s first producing oil was drilled in this valley at the turn of the 20th century. This success spurred further activity in this area, attracting more drilling and workers. A.P. Patrick, an investor . . . — — Map (db m82965) HM
ENGLISH INSCRIPTION
(Panel 1)
Bears Discover Oil?!
Oil seeps in this area were well known to Aboriginal peoples, who may have found them while observing bears. Bears are attracted by the smell of oil and may roll in . . . — — Map (db m80302) HM
Did you know Waterton contains two national historic sites? Many more are nearby, some managed by Parks Canada and some by other agencies and groups. National historic sites celebrate over 1,500 places, persons and events important to Canadians. . . . — — Map (db m82964) HM
ENGLISH INSCRIPTION
Welcome to Waterton Lakes National Park of Canada
National Parks protect the natural landscapes of Canada and also provide great places for outdoor adventures and connecting with nature.
As you enjoy . . . — — Map (db m82962) HM
[English] Rapid settlement of western Canada after 1900 created an urgent need for new judicial facilities. The Wetaskiwin Court House was one of the initial group of public buildings constructed in Alberta after the shift from territorial to . . . — — Map (db m197022) HM
The red brick building that most people know as the Old Post Office was built by the Federal Government in 1911, but it wasn't Wetaskiwin first Post Office. Until the completion of the Calgary & Edmonton Railway line in 1891, mail was delivered by . . . — — Map (db m197029) HM
Driving towards Wetaskiwin from any direction, the 10-storey water tower is the first visible sign of the City. Like the prairie grain elevators, water towers have long been the signature landmarks of communities. Unfortunately, most of them have . . . — — Map (db m197030) HM
When the railway reached Claresholm in 1891 a converted box car served as the first train station. It was replaced in 1895 by a wood frame building. By 1910 the growing Town of Claresholm required a larger, more permanent train station.
The . . . — — Map (db m196986) HM
The Oldman River was often impassable due to spring run off or heavy rains. In 1903, during a particularly bad flood, several people drowned trying to cross the river and residents petitioned the Territorial and Dominion governments to build a . . . — — Map (db m196980) HM
[English] Between 1888 and 1905 the Government of Canada built a dozen court houses to serve the new settlements on the prairies. Most of these buildings were phased out of service and eventually demolished following the implementation of the . . . — — Map (db m196983) HM
The earliest trade route between eastward and northward flowing waters followed the Clearwater River and the Methye Portage.
Discovered by Peter Pond in 1778 and used continuously for more than a century by fur-traders and explorers, including . . . — — Map (db m8814) HM
Sproat Lake is named for Gilbert Malcolm Sproat, scholar, author, anthropologist, businessman, and avid British Columbian from his arrival in 1860. He co-founded Port Alberni's first sawmill in 1861, was British Columbia's first agent-general in . . . — — Map (db m188030) HM
[Upper Marker]:
Pedro de Alberni, Captain of the Catalan Volunteers and Commander of the Spanish Establishment at Santa Cruz de Nootka, 1790-1792.
Offered by the Government of Spain on the occasion of the visit of the Spanish . . . — — Map (db m9155) HM
Harvesting of the forest has long been an important aspect of life on the Pacific Coast. The native people were the first to utilize this valuable resource in the construction of dwellings, canoes, and implements. In the nineteenth century, spars . . . — — Map (db m9192) HM
Amphitrite Point was named after the naval warship, H.M.S. Amphitrite, in 1859 by Captain George H. Richards of the Royal Navy. Captain Richards was responsible for surveying much of Vancouver Island's coastline during this period.
The original . . . — — Map (db m198567) HM
The last spike in Canada's second trans-continental railroad was driven near this site on April 7, 1914. The Grand Trunk Pacific became the most important factor in the dvelopment of Central British Columbia. However, financial problems plagued the . . . — — Map (db m187999) HM
In 1952, the Kenney Dam was constructed on the Nechako River to service the new Alcan aluminum smelter at Kitimat, resulting in the creation of the Nechako Reservoir and the relocation of over 75 families. The damming also linked the rivers and . . . — — Map (db m8855) HM
Perry Collins, an American, envisioned a land route to link America and Asia by telegraph. All attempts to lay a cable across the Atlantic had failed.
Western Union had completed 800 miles northerly from New Westminster in 1865-66, when the ocean . . . — — Map (db m187980) HM
The mound in the centre of the quarry was of an inferior grade of limestone and therefore not quarried. Left intact, it provided a natural viewpoint amid the developing garden beds. Jennie Butchart planted a pair of arbor vitae (trees of . . . — — Map (db m74451) HM
Eagle with Salmon, Orca, Bear with Salmon
This Totem Pole, carve in Contemporary Coast Salish style by master carver Doug LaFortune of the Tsawout First Nation, was dedicated on September 9th, 2004 in celebration of the 100th anniversary of . . . — — Map (db m74456) HM
Under the sponsorship of Mr. and Mrs. Ian Ross, the Victoria Symphony Orchestra performed summer concerts on the main lawn between 1953 and 1967. Conducted by Hans Gruber they featured many international artists such as Teresa Stratas, Bernard . . . — — Map (db m74461) HM
Once the location of a large Japanese teahouse, the view from the fountain is a commanding one of the Butchart Residence across the Main Lawn. — — Map (db m74485) HM
The Aeolian Pipe Organ played at The Butchart Gardens is an early twentieth century residence instrument equipped with its own pneumatic player. Built by the Aeolian Company of New York this model, once owned by Vancouver department store owner, . . . — — Map (db m74479) HM
The present Rose Garden was built in 1929 and 1930 on the site of the Butchart's vegetable garden. The design was developed by Butler Sturtevant, a Seattle landscape artist, and adapted by Jennie Butchart. The head gardener at the time, Bob . . . — — Map (db m74483) HM
This smaller quarry was a source of limestone in the 1860s. It was here that Ian Ross, grandson of Mr. and Mrs. Butchart, devised his spectacular fountain with the assistance of his plumber, Adrian Butler and his electrician, Vic Dawson. The Ross . . . — — Map (db m74441) HM
Directly behind the Ross Fountain lies Tod Inlet and the site of the Vancouver Portland Cement Company established in 1904. Adjacent to the plant at Tod Inlet was a village that housed the employees. — — Map (db m74444) HM
In 1903, the land now occupied by the Butchart Gardens was purchased from a local dairy farmer, Mr. Fernie. Reservoirs were excavated in 1969 to ensure a water supply for irrigation. The single jet fountain was installed to aerate the water supply . . . — — Map (db m74459) HM
The factory buildings have been demolished and the land is now designated as provincial parkland. The one remaining chimney is within The Butchart Gardens and stands as a beacon to the cement industry it once served. — — Map (db m74447) HM
This pond was designed by Mr. Butchart for his collection of ducks in 1931. Beyond is the entrance to the Italian Garden through a Lawson cypress hedge. — — Map (db m74549) HM
Limestone was also quarried up the hill from the Sunken Garden. It was transported in ore buckets suspended on cables high above ground from some half a mile away. — — Map (db m74432) HM
The original Porcellino, or little pig, sits on the south side of the Straw Market in Florence, Italy. For generations his nose has been affectionately rubbed to bring good luck, so that today his snout is finely burnished.
About 1620 Pietro . . . — — Map (db m74552) HM
Jennie Butchart began to shape this magnificent landscape in 1904. She established, in the style of the grand estates of the period, several distinct gardens to evoke a range of aesthetic experiences. An abandoned limestone quarry was . . . — — Map (db m74419) HM
The Italian Garden is the most formal of Mrs. Butchart's gardens. Created in 1926 on the site of the family tennis court, the well known architect Samuel Maclure worked from Mr. Butchart's ideas to create the garden. — — Map (db m74551) HM
The first of Jennie Butchart's formal gardens, the Japanese Garden was started in 1906. A Japanese landscape artist, Isaburo Kishida, assisted her with the design. Under the supervision of Hugh Lindsay the first of Mrs. Butchart's head gardeners, . . . — — Map (db m74513) HM
The barren rock face of the quarry presented Jennie Butchart with a challenge. She hung in a bosun's chair to plant ivy in the crevices in the rock walls. — — Map (db m74437) HM
The Limestone deposit was exhausted in 1908 and the quarry abandoned. Mrs. Butchart conceived the idea of transforming the barren pit into a garden and thus the Sunken Garden came into being. In 1910 she planted Lombardy poplar trees in an attempt . . . — — Map (db m74428) HM
The deepest part of the quarry floor was sealed, lined and allowed to fill with water from a natural spring forming a lake 40 ft deep in places. Mr. Butchart stocked the pool with trout which would rise to the surface to be fed when he clapped his . . . — — Map (db m74438) HM
In 1858, nearly 800 free Blacks left the oppressive racial conditions of San Francisco for a new life on Vancouver Island. Governor James Douglas had invited them here as promising settlers. Though still faced with intense discrimination, these . . . — — Map (db m72868) HM
The Colwood Pioneer Cemetery was established in the 1890's on land donated by Alfred Thomas Peatt. Originally the site included St. Matthew's Presbyterian Church. The Colwood Women's Institute maintained the cemetery from 1925 to 1993, and then . . . — — Map (db m72869) HM
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