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Native Americans Topic
By Mark Hilton, December 4, 2013
Current Highway Sign
GEOGRAPHIC SORT WITH USA FIRST
| On Old Highway 43 at Military Road (County Road 96), on the left when traveling south on Old Highway 43. |
| | In 1811, the Mount Vernon Cantonment, located on a hill about three miles west of the Mobile River, was laid out by Col. Thomas H. Cushing. The cantonment was on the site of a spring called Mount Vernon Springs. In 1814, the garrison at Mt. Vernon . . . — — Map (db m85911) HM |
| On Old Federal Road (County Road 5) at County Road 15, on the right when traveling south on Old Federal Road. |
| | Burnt Corn, Monroe County's earliest settlement, became the crossroads of the Great Pensacola Trading Path and The Federal Road. Settler Jim Cornells returned from Pensacola in 1813, finding his home destroyed and his wife kidnapped by a Creek . . . — — Map (db m47687) HM |
| On U.S. 84 at Old Fort Claiborne Road, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 84. |
| | During the westward expansion of the United States in the early 1800s, those whose destination was the new Mississippi Territory took a right fork off the Federal Road which led to the Alabama River ferry at Claiborne. After the land cessions of . . . — — Map (db m47638) HM |
| On U.S. 84 at Grain Elevator Road and Lena Landegger Highway, on the left when traveling west on U.S. 84. |
| | Built by Gen. Ferdinand L. Claiborne as a base for his invasion of the Alabama country with U.S. Regulars, Lower Tombigbee Militia, and friendly Choctaws. Claibornes campaign culminated in the American victory over the Creeks at the Holy Ground. — — Map (db m47641) HM |
| On U.S. 84 at Old Fort Claiborne Road, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 84. |
| | Piache, an Indian town visited by DeSoto in 1540 was near here.
DeLuna made a settlement here, Nanipacna in 1560.
Fort Claiborne was erected on the south bluff, in 1813.
LaFayette was entertained here, 1825.
. . . — — Map (db m47639) HM |
| On Alabama Route 21 at milepost 19 at H-Kyle Road, on the right when traveling north on State Route 21. |
| | Little River was the home of Creek Chief William Weatherford, also known as War Chief Red Eagle. This was the area of much discussion and debate, bringing the Creeks into the War of 1812 and the Creek Civil War of 1813-1814. These events weighed . . . — — Map (db m86271) HM |
| Near West Hickory Street at Chennault Circle when traveling west. |
| | This stone marks the site
of the Indian town Tawasa
Visited by
De Soto
September 5-13-1540
Also by Bienville 1715 — — Map (db m72176) HM |
| On Dexter Avenue at South Court Street, on the right when traveling east on Dexter Avenue. |
| | Following their defeat at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814, the Creek Indians ceded millions of acres to the U.S. government. Within the cession, two rival towns soon sprang up on the south bank of the Alabama River's "Big Bend": New . . . — — Map (db m143118) HM |
| On Bell Street west of Whitman Street, on the right when traveling west. Reported missing. |
| | Twelve miles above Montgomery the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers unite to form the Alabama which meanders over four hundred miles on its way to Mobile Bay. This river has played major role in region's history, being a thoroughfare for Native Americans, . . . — — Map (db m26591) HM |
| On Wares Ferry Road (County Route 64) 0.4 miles east of Dozier Road, on the left when traveling east. |
| | Augusta, home of Old Augusta Cemetery, was built on the site of a former Indian village, “Sawanogi,” on high ground close to the Tallapoosa River. In 1824 a disastrous flood swept over the plateau, invading shops and residences. A year . . . — — Map (db m68260) HM |
| On Water Street at Commerce Street, on the right when traveling east on Water Street. |
| | Here at the Indian village of Encanchata, future site of Montgomery, Col. John Tate, last British agent to the Muscogee Nation, recruited and drilled Creek warriors in 1780 to relieve Tories in Augusta, Ga. being besieged by American patriots. — — Map (db m71373) HM |
| On Maxwell Boulevard east of North Holt Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Several cultures have occupied this region including
Woodland, Mississippian and, later, Muskogeans.
Called "Creeks" by Europeans, the latter made
their homes along banks of streams. A loose
confederation of tribes, Creeks developed a . . . — — Map (db m146977) HM |
| Near Water Streer at Commerce Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Here on May 24, 1703, Alabama Indians ambushed the first French explorers from Mobile, killing three and wounding two critically. The Indians were armed and were used as pawns by British agents from Carolina in the European struggle for dominion . . . — — Map (db m67999) HM |
| On Federal Road at Cloverfield Road (County Route 24), on the right when traveling south on Federal Road. |
| | Side 1
The Federal Road
The 1803 Louisiana Purchase acquired 828,000 sq. mi. for the U.S., doubling its size. The Federal Road was built to provide a shorter route from Washington to New Orleans and the new territory. The Treaty . . . — — Map (db m71535) HM |
| On Cain Street Northeast west of Ferry Street Northeast, on the left when traveling west. |
| | Alabama Territorial Legislature created this county in 1818 from lands ceded by Cherokee Indians in 1816. County first named Cotaco, for large creek in county.
Named Morgan County in 1821 for Maj. Gen. Daniel Morgan, . . . — — Map (db m27759) HM |
| Near Oak Street north of Market Street. |
| | Of the various detachments that removed the Cherokee People from their home lands in the southeastern United States, three of them landed in Decatur at what became Rhodes Ferry Park. Due to the difficulty of navigating the Muscle Shoals portion of . . . — — Map (db m140846) HM |
| Near Oak Street north of Market Street. |
| | The Cherokee people resisted the government's order to leave the Tennessee Valley. They signed petitions and lobbied Congress. Yet the Indian Removal Act of 1830 still passed. In March 1837, the first detachment—a group of Cherokee families, . . . — — Map (db m140851) HM |
| On Wheeler Wildlife Boat Launch north of Alabama Route 67, on the right when traveling north. |
| |
1838
Trail of Tears: The discovery of gold in Georgia and thirst for land expansion prompted the U.S. Government and white communities to force the Cherokee nation from their ancestral lands. During the summer and winter of 1838, the first . . . — — Map (db m113290) HM |
| Near Oak Street north of Market Street when traveling north. |
| | On this river in front of you, 2,300 Cherokee people arrived in waves, forced from their Tennessee Valley homeland in 1837 to 1838. The steamer Knoxville towed flat boats loaded with Cherokee families. Heavy rains soaked their clothes. Cold . . . — — Map (db m140855) HM |
| Near Oak Street north of Market Street. |
| | This is a site of painful memory, a place of upheaval. Decatur was just one stop on a deadly journey over 1,000 miles — the forced removal of the Cherokee people from the Tennessee Valley.
Along the edge of the Tennessee River, this town . . . — — Map (db m140859) HM |
| Near Oak Street north of Market Street. |
| | Oral tradition—stories passed from one generation to the next—long told the history of the Cherokee people. Sequoyah was the first to write it down. In 1921, about 90 miles east of Decatur, he created the Cherokee syllabary, a set of 85 . . . — — Map (db m140861) HM |
| On Alabama Route 130 1.7 miles west of County Road 9, on the right when traveling west. |
| | The Second Creek War of 1836 broke out when many Creek Indians resisted forced removal after an 1832 treaty ceded the last of their tribal lands in Alabama. As hostility increased between white settlers pouring into the area and Creeks who were . . . — — Map (db m111577) HM |
| On U.S. 231 0.3 miles north of Monticello Drive, on the left when traveling north. |
| | In the early 1800s, south Alabama was still inhabited by many groups of Native Americans: Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw among others. They traveled, hunted, traded, and made war on the many ancient trails here. European settlers improved these roads . . . — — Map (db m95359) HM |
| On Rock Mills Road (Alabama Route 22) at Bacon Cove Road (County Road 75), on the right when traveling east on Rock Mills Road. |
| | Near this site soon after Threat of Cusseta 1832, Peter A. Hogg built a grist mill on Wehadkee Creek, named for local Indian tribe. Settlement first called Prothro's Mill for James Prothro, who, with John McPherson, obtained a U.S. land patent in . . . — — Map (db m118127) HM |
| Near County Route 165 2.3 miles south of Nuckols Road (Road 39). |
| | Archaeology is the scientific study of the past through analysis of physical traces of daily life discovered through excavation. It enables us to extend our knowledge of human history beyond the limits of written records and to learn details about . . . — — Map (db m101816) HM |
| | In September 1821 Rev. William Capers was sent to Fort Mitchell, by the South Carolina Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to negotiate with the chiefs of the Creek Indian Nations for a mission which would teach their children reading, . . . — — Map (db m26121) HM |
| Near Unnamed Road 0.2 miles east of Alabama Road 165 when traveling east. |
| | Creek Towns At its height, the Creek Nation consisted of about 20,000 people living in more
than seventy townships, or talwas (tvlwv), scattered throughout modern-day Alabama and Georgia. Creek townships commonly consisted of a primary . . . — — Map (db m120007) HM |
| Near Unnamed Road 0.1 miles east of Alabama Route 165 when traveling east. |
| | Cultural Exchange and Cooperation Though significant cultural conflict characterized Creek-American relations in the Chattahoochee Valley, and Creeks faced numerous forms of exploitation, not all relationships between Creeks and settlers were . . . — — Map (db m120019) HM |
| | Built during Creek War 1813 by Georgia Militia on main Indian trade route to Tombigbee River
U.S. Troops stationed here until 1837 1836 Lower Creeks corralled here for forced removal to the West — — Map (db m26069) HM |
| On Unnamed road 0.2 miles east of Alabama Route 165, on the right when traveling east. |
| | Fort Mitchell
Fort Mitchell is located on the Federal Road on the West bank overlooking the Chattahoochee River.
General John Floyd received orders from Governor David B. Mitchell to pick up supplies, cross the Chattahoochee River and . . . — — Map (db m120003) HM |
| Near County Highway 165 2.3 miles south of Nuckols Road (Road 39). |
| | Fort Mitcheli served as a primary point of concentration for creeks being sent westward to Indian Territory before, during, and after the Second Creek War (1836-1837). By the terms of the 1832 Treaty of Washington, Creek heads of household and . . . — — Map (db m101840) HM |
| | This military graveyard was established soon after Fort Mitchell was built by General John Floyd of the Georgia Militia. Located just south of the stockade, the cemetery was used between 1813 and 1840 during the fort's occupation by Georgia and . . . — — Map (db m26122) HM |
| | The most popular game among the Indians of this region was "stick ball." This field has been constructed so that the game may be enjoyed again in the Chattahoochee Valley where it was played for hundreds of years. Sometimes known as "little brother . . . — — Map (db m26020) HM |
| | Native plants played a significant role in the daily life of the Creek Indian civilization that inhabited the Chattahoochee Valley until relocation to Oklahoma in the 19th century. During the Woodland Period, the local inhabitants were skilled . . . — — Map (db m48166) HM |
| Near U.S. 165. Reported missing. |
| |
Near here is the site where John Crowell lived, died, and is interred. Colonel Crowell was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, on September 18, 1780; moved to Alabama in 1815, having been appointed as Agent of the United States to the . . . — — Map (db m26116) HM |
| Near County Route 165 2.3 miles south of Nuckols Road (Road 39). |
| | Pokkecheta, or the ball play, was an ancient and vital part of the social life of the Creeks and a popular game among many groups of Southeastern Indians. The game enhanced
interaction between towns and provided highly ritualized sport and . . . — — Map (db m101817) HM |
| Near County Road 165 2.3 miles south of Nuckols Road (Route 39). |
| |
Side 1
The Creek Indians and their neighbors, the Yuchi, once lived in these woods in harmony with nature and in accordance with their beliefs and customs. During the 1700s and early 1800s, they were progressively dispossessed of . . . — — Map (db m101282) HM |
| Near County Road 165 south of Nuckols Road (Route 39). |
| | In 1832, a treaty with the United States allotted parcels of land to every Indian household in the Valley. A government census enumerated, according to tribal towns, every Indian head of household, along with the number of males, females, and slaves . . . — — Map (db m101415) HM |
| Near Alabama Route 165 2.3 miles south of Nuckols Road (Route 39). |
| |
The Creek Nation
The Creek Nation was a loose confederacy of independent towns that ranks among the most sophisticated and powerful native political organizations in North American history. Largely speakers of the Muskogee dialect, the . . . — — Map (db m101284) HM |
| | Approximately one mile due east of this marker, back down the Old Federal Road, called by frontiersmen and Indians the Three Notched Trail or the Three Chopped Way, stood Fort Mitchell, an early 19th century American fort that in 1836 was one of the . . . — — Map (db m26100) HM |
| Near County Route 165 2.3 miles south of Nuckols Road (Road 39). |
| | Today there are federally recognized Creek tribal groups in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama. The largest, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, is based in the state of Oklahoma. The nation is comprised of the descendants of the Creeks who were . . . — — Map (db m101823) HM |
| On Unnamed road 0.2 miles east of Alabama Route 165, on the left when traveling east. |
| | United States Indian Trading Post
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, March 1814, ended the Creek Indian War. General Andrew Jackson met with Chief William Weatherford and signed the Treaty. The Creek Indians returned to their own land in the . . . — — Map (db m120004) HM |
| On North Uchee Road (County Road 22) 0.4 miles east of Foster Road (County Route 7), on the left when traveling east. |
| |
(obverse)
Uchee
One of the oldest white settlements in the Chattahoochee Valley before and after the removal of the Indians; land deeds between whites date back to 1832, the year of Russell County's founding. The name of the town . . . — — Map (db m69422) HM |
| Near Dillingham Street at Brickyard Road (Route 61). |
| | Coweta was the home of many influential Creek leaders, including three individuals who figured prominently in the history of the Creek people; "Emperor” Brims, Mary Musgrove, Chief William McIntosh.
The Coweta chieftain Brims, who . . . — — Map (db m101336) HM |
| Near 13th Street at 3rd Avenue, on the right when traveling east. |
| | To the native people of the Chattahoochee River Valley, the Creek or Muskogulgi Indians, the shoals of the river were a source of recreation and food. In the spring, the women and children of Coweta Town came here to fish, using dip nets, spears, . . . — — Map (db m69045) HM |
| On Dillingham Street at Brickyard Road (Route 61) on Dillingham Street. |
| | During the tumultuous decades prior to the Removal of the Creeks from their ancestral homelands in the 1830s, the vicinity of the town of Coweta became an important location for interaction between the Creek Nation and the American government. . . . — — Map (db m101339) HM |
| On Brickyard Road at State Docks Road, on the left when traveling south on Brickyard Road. |
| | Coweta Town, located east of this marker on the banks of the Chattahoochee River, is sometimes called New or Upper Coweta to distinguish it from its predecessor, Coweta Tallahassee, down river. Among other well-known Creeks, Coweta was the . . . — — Map (db m69068) HM |
| Near Dillingham Street at Brickyard Road (Route 61). |
| | Coweta served as a critical place of interaction between Creeks and Europeans throughout
the colonial era. Situated at the intersection of regional trading routes and the claims
of expanding Spanish, English and French colonial empires, it became . . . — — Map (db m101334) HM |
| Near Dillingham Street 0.1 miles north of Brickyard Road, on the left when traveling east. |
| | In November 1836, six Creek and Yuchi Indians were hanged near this spot for their role in a last desperate uprising against the frontier whites of Georgia and Alabama. Following decades of provocation from whites anxious to gain control of their . . . — — Map (db m69065) HM |
| Near Dillingham Street at Brickyard Road (Route 61). |
| | The town of Coweta was actually two separate Native American settlements and dozens of affiliated outlying communities occupied at different times in what is now northeastern Russell County. "Coweta Tallahassee" (old Coweta), regarded by most . . . — — Map (db m101328) HM |
| Near 13th Street south of 3rd Avenue, on the right when traveling east. |
| | The Creek Indians believed this section of the river was inhabited by a giant Tie-Snake, a mythical monster that snared the unwary and dragged them down into the watery underworld. The Tie-Snake was but one of many strange creatures and natural . . . — — Map (db m69067) HM |
| On Longview Street at Jackson Street, on the right when traveling north on Longview Street. |
| | Russell County occupies land that once sat at the heart of the Creek Nation. Within the county's boundaries were several important Creek towns, many of which would figure prominently in the Creek and Seminole Wars era and the saga of Removal. . . . — — Map (db m111596) HM |
| On Longview Street at Jackson Street, on the right when traveling north on Longview Street. |
| | Russell County was one of several counties created by the Alabama legislature in December, 1832 from land that had been part of the Creeks' ancestral homeland. The community of Girard (modern Phenix City) along the Chattahoochee River became the . . . — — Map (db m111609) HM |
| On Longview Street at Jackson Street, on the right when traveling north on Longview Street. |
| | The Second Creek War came about as a result of the frustration of local Creeks at their treatment following the signing of the Treaty of Washington (1832). That compact called for the Creeks to be given allotments of land which they could keep or . . . — — Map (db m111603) HM |
| Near Chelsea Road (County Road 47) near County Road 39. |
| | Side A
Creek Indians once owned and hunted the land where the City of Chelsea now stands. In 1813, Andrew Jackson and his army won millions of acres of Creek land from the Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, including the area where . . . — — Map (db m38488) HM |
| On 6th Avenue at Court Street West, on the left when traveling east on 6th Avenue. |
| | Created in 1818 in first session of Alabama Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by Creek Indian Nation in Treaty of Ft. Jackson, 1814. Named for Gen. Arthur St. Clair, hero of Revolution, governor of Northwest Territory. First settlers from . . . — — Map (db m28143) HM |
| On State Highway 144 at Valley Drive, on the right when traveling north on State Highway 144. |
| | Creek Indian War Headquarters of Gen. Andrew Jackson 1813 - 1814 — — Map (db m28144) HM |
| On State Street (Alabama Route 116) at McKee Street (Alabama Route 39), on the right when traveling south on State Street. |
| |
The Town of Gainesville, a designated Tree City USA, was founded in 1832. The land on which the town is located was originally owned by John Coleman, husband to a Choctaw Indian of the area. He sold the land to Colonel Moses Lewis, who had the . . . — — Map (db m69709) HM |
| On Washington Street South at Franklin Street, on the right when traveling north on Washington Street South. |
| |
Side 1
Livingston, Alabama
Prior to the signing of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek on September 27, 1830, this site belonged to the Choctaw Nation. Early settlers to the area came from the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee, and . . . — — Map (db m92665) HM |
| On Lafayette Street (U.S. 11) at Franklin Street, on the right when traveling south on Lafayette Street. |
| |
1736: First settlement by French at Ft. Tombecbee.
1830: U.S. got Choctaw Indian lands by Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek.
1832: County created by Act of State Legislature -- named for Gen. Thomas Sumter, "The Gamecock," South . . . — — Map (db m92663) HM |
| On Plant Road (Alabama Route 235 at milepost 2), on the left when traveling north. |
| | Important Indian town for over 250 years and capital of Coosa province.
Visited by DeSoto in 1540, and later by Spanish, French, British colonial explorers and traders. Early writers tell of abundant food crops, wild and cultivated, . . . — — Map (db m57994) HM |
| On U.S. 280 at Childersburg Fayettville Highway (State Highway 76), on the right when traveling south on U.S. 280. |
| | . . . — — Map (db m44230) HM |
| Near DeSoto Caverns Pkwy (State Highway 76). |
| | Named for the famous Spanish explorer who traveled through this area in 1540. Over its rich history it offered shelter for native Indians for centuries (a 2,000-year-old Woodland Period burial was excavated by archeologists in the mid-1960s), . . . — — Map (db m45034) HM |
| On 1st Street Southwest (State Highway 76) at 6th Avenue Southwest, on the right when traveling east on 1st Street Southwest. |
| | Childersburg traces its heritage to the Coosa Indian village located in the area. DeSoto, accompanied by 600 men, began his march across North America in June 1539. Traveling from Tampa Bay, Florida, northward through what became the Southeastern . . . — — Map (db m45137) HM |
| On Fort Williams Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | Built by Andrew Jackson with U.S. Regulars, Tennessee Volunteers and friendly Cherokees and Creeks. Used as advance base during final phases of Creek Indian War, 1813-1814. Military cemetery nearby. — — Map (db m57761) HM |
| On South Broadway Avenue (State Highway 21) at Goodwater Highway (County Road 511), in the median on South Broadway Avenue. |
| | Settled in 1748 by Shawnee
Indians from Ohio.
They joined Creek Confederacy,
fought against U.S. in War of 1812,
were moved west in 1836.
Settled before 1836 by men
who had fought in this area
under Andrew Jackson.
Indian name: . . . — — Map (db m40595) HM |
| On East Battle Street at Court Street North, on the right when traveling west on East Battle Street. |
| | Here Andrew Jackson led Tennessee Volunteers and friendly Indians to victory over hostile “Red Sticks.”
This action rescued friendly Creeks besieged in Fort Leslie.
Creek Indian War 1813 - 1814. — — Map (db m28205) HM |
| On Our Childrens Highway (State Highway 63) at Walker Ferry Road, on the right when traveling south on Our Childrens Highway. Reported missing. |
| | Indian farmer - merchant chose to resist whites' advance on Indians' lands. In Creek War he led Creeks at Battle of Horseshoe Bend. His warriors were beaten by Jackson's superior force but Menawa escaped. — — Map (db m66680) HM |
| On Washington Street west of South Central Avenue, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Following the Creek Cession in 1832, settlers, mostly from Georgia and the Carolinas, occupied this section of the Creek Nation. Among the first settlers was James Young who purchased land a half-mile west near a trading post called Georgia Store. . . . — — Map (db m28658) HM |
| On North Broadnax Street at West Cusseta Street, on the right when traveling south on North Broadnax Street. |
| | This tablet is placed by
Tallapoosa County
in commemoration of the
one hundredth anniversary
of the
Battle Of Horseshoe Bend,
fought within its limits
on March 27, 1814.
There the Creek Indians, led by
Menawa and other chiefs, . . . — — Map (db m28751) HM |
| On State Highway 49 north of U.S. 280, on the right when traveling north. |
| | There on March 27, 1814 General Andrew Jackson commanding U. S. forces and friendly Indians, broke the power of the Creek Confederacy. — — Map (db m39812) HM |
| Near Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the left. |
| | Any officer or soldiers who flies before the enemy-shall suffer death.
With these harsh words, Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson marched his soldiers 52 miles from the Coosa River to Horseshoe Bend and a bloody contest with the Red Sticks. His . . . — — Map (db m46674) HM |
| Near Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the left. |
| | Having maintained for a few minutes a very obstinate contest, muzzle to muzzle, through the port-holes, in which many of the enemy's balls were welded to the bayonets of our musquets, our troops succeeded in gaining possession of the opposite . . . — — Map (db m46676) HM |
| Near Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the left. |
| | ...[The Creek] had erected a breast-work, of greatest compactness and strength-from five to eight feet high, and prepared with double rows of port-holes very artfully arranged...an army could not approach it without being exposed to a double and . . . — — Map (db m46677) HM |
| On Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the right when traveling south. |
| | I ordered [Lt. Jesse] Bean to take possession of the Island below, with forty men, to prevent the enemy's taking refuge there...as many of the enemy did attempt their escape...but not one were landed-they were sunk by [Lt.] Beans command ere . . . — — Map (db m46389) HM |
| Near Battlefield Park Tour Road. |
| | Here at 10:30 on the morning of March 27, 1814, General Jackson quickly emplaced his single battery, one 3-pounder and one 6-pounder. He immediately opened a lively but ineffective fire on the center of the sturdy log barricade. After his Indian . . . — — Map (db m51671) HM |
| Near Battlefield Park Tour Road. |
| | Here on the Horseshoe Battleground General Andrew Jackson and his brave men broke the power of the Creek Indians under Chief Menawa March 29, 1814 — — Map (db m51673) HM |
| |
In memory of the
Soldiers and Indian allies
who died in combat with the
Upper Creek Indians during the
Horseshoe Bend Campaign in
the Creek War of 1813-1814
In memory of the
Upper Creek Warriors
who died in combat with
United . . . — — Map (db m64594) WM |
| On Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the left. |
| | Horseshoe Bend National Military Park
The park offers activities designed to commemorate the events that occurred here on March 27, 1814. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend ended the Creek Indian War and added nearly 23 million acres of land to the . . . — — Map (db m46232) HM |
| On Horseshoe Bend Road. Reported missing. |
| | In 1811 Tecumseh, a Shawnee Indian tapped the growing resentment within the Creek Nation.
Treaties with the whites had always seemed to work against them. The U.S. Government had adopted a persistent policy to change Creek government and culture. . . . — — Map (db m95260) WM |
| Near Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the left. |
| | [The] high ground which extended about mid-way from the breastwork to the river was in some manner open, but the declivity and flat which surrounded it was filled with fallen timber, the growth of which was very heavy, and had been so arrayed . . . — — Map (db m47498) HM |
| On Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the right. |
| | By dark, more than 800 Red Stick warriors were dead and at least 350 women and children were prisoners. Jackson's army suffered 154 men wounded and 49 killed. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend effectively ended the Creek Indian War. Five months later, . . . — — Map (db m51665) HM |
| On Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the left. |
| | In this meadow 350 women and children, sheltered in the village of Tohopeka, listened to the sounds of battle drifting back from the barricade 1,000 yards away. Alarmed, they watched as enemy Cherokee and Lower Creek warriors crossed the river, . . . — — Map (db m47469) HM |
| Near Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the left. |
| | I never had such emotions as while the long roll was beating...It was not fear, it was not anxiety or concern of the fate of those who were so soon to fall but it was a kind of enthusiasm that thrilled through every nerve and animated me with . . . — — Map (db m46675) HM |
| On Battlefield Park Tour Road, on the right. |
| | On the morning of the battle, Maj. Gen. Andrew Jacksons Indian allies surrounded the lower portion of Horseshoe Bend.
The Cherokee were positioned across the river from where you stand; the Lower Creek were farther upriver to your left.
. . . — — Map (db m47446) HM |
| On U.S. Highway 280, on the right when traveling north. |
| | Built in 1735 by British from Carolina in futile attempt to gain trade of the Creek Indians from the French, located at Fort Toulouse, 40 mi. S. Okfuskee was the largest town in Creek Confederacy. — — Map (db m22232) HM |
| On Freeman Avenue at Lower Tuskegee Road (County Route 51), on the right when traveling south on Freeman Avenue. |
| | This stone placed at the
Great Council Tree
marks the site of
Tukabahchi
1686-1836
Capital of the Upper Creek Indian Nation. Here were born Efau Haujo, Great Medal Chief, and Opothleyaholo,
Creek leaders. Big Warrior . . . — — Map (db m67863) HM |
| On 28th Avenue south of 2nd Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | The Trail of Tears led thousands of Creek Indians through Tuscaloosa, capital of Alabama in 1836. Chief Eufaula addressed the legislature with these words:
"I come here, brothers, to see the great house of Alabama and the men who make laws and . . . — — Map (db m119308) HM |
| On 6th Street west of 28th Avenue, on the right. |
| | During his term our state moved from frontier to urbanity. The University of Alabama was officially opened. Construction was begun on our first canals and railroads, supplementing existing steamboats and unpaved roads. The Choctaws exchanged their . . . — — Map (db m29023) HM |
| On 6th Street west of 28th Avenue, on the right. |
| | He extended state laws into Indian lands and actively encouraged illegal white settlement there. A treaty with the Creek Indians in 1832 forced them to leave the state and resulted in nine new counties in east Alabama. Their "Trail of Tears" took . . . — — Map (db m29028) HM |
| On 6th Street west of 28th Avenue, on the right. |
| | He initiated construction of the Capitol, the University of Alabama, and the State Bank. The legislature passed laws, known as slave codes, to severely restrict the rights of slaves, while citizens began to press for the removal of Alabama's . . . — — Map (db m29020) HM |
| Near Greensboro Avenue north of 2nd Street (Jack Warner Parkway). |
| | Plied for thousands of years by Indians, then by early explorers and American settlers, this river extends 169 miles from the Sipsey and Mulberry Forks near Birmingham to its confluence with the Tombigbee at Demopolis. It drains 6228 square miles of . . . — — Map (db m28901) HM |
| On Greensboro Avenue (24th Avenue) south of 7th Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | “He was the suzerain of many territories, and of a numerous people, being equally feared by his vassals and the neighboring nations.” — — Map (db m156405) HM |
| On Red Fox Road 3.2 miles west of U.S. 43, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Aiokpanchi, "Welcome,” to the Official Tribal Reservation
of the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians. Chata hapia hoke!
"We are Choctaw.” We are glad you are able to visit us and
hope your visit to our Tribal Reservation is both . . . — — Map (db m149288) HM |
| On Jefferson Davis Highway (U.S. 43) 0.4 miles south of Sullivan Lane, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Named for Thomas Bassett, a British Loyalist and native of Virginia. Migrated to Tombigbee area from near Augusta, Ga. circa 1772 to escape persecution by American patriots. Received in 1776, from King George III, a grant of 750 acres on the west . . . — — Map (db m122336) HM |
| On Broad Street (Alabama Route 28) at Fail Street, on the left when traveling north on Broad Street. |
| | Joseph Morgan Wilcox was born on March 15, 1790 in Killingsworth, Middlesex County, Connecticut. He was the son of Revolutionary War officer, Joseph Wilcox and Phoebe Morgan. On June 15, 1808, Cadet Wilcox entered the U.S. Military Academy where he . . . — — Map (db m68159) HM |
| Near Heritage Center Drive. |
| |
Athabascans were highly nomadic, traveling in small groups to fish, hunt, and trap.
Athabascan territory, the largest area of all the Alaska Native peoples, was home to 11 different linguistic groups who lived along five major riverways: the . . . — — Map (db m72795) HM |
| Near Heritage Center Drive. |
| |
“Our people had log houses without nails and we all lived the same. We lived subsistence way of life, and love it that way. We have our fish houses, drying racks and all that.”
Alberta Stephan, Eklutna. . . . — — Map (db m72796) HM |
| |
Athabascans were masters at designing a variety of shelters--simple and functional--that kept them both warm and mobile as they set out to hunt and trade.
Emergency shelters were constructed in minutes.
A wandering hunter could pile up . . . — — Map (db m72792) HM |
| | Raven is the Creator in many Alaska Native and American Indian legends. Elements from my different legends are incorporated into this sculpture including "Raven Stealing the Stars, Sun, and Moon." The human figures in the claws symbolize icons used . . . — — Map (db m72793) HM |
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