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Native Americans Topic
By Cosmos Mariner, June 14, 2014
Site of Old Ferry Landing Marker
GEOGRAPHIC SORT WITH USA FIRST
| Near Prison Hill Road 0.5 miles north of Harold C. Giss Parkway. |
| | Below the junction of the Gila and the Colorado rivers was the only natural ford on the southern trail to the Pacific. Though often menacing, Indians helped early travelers across on crude rafts. Several ferries operated from 1850 on. Best known . . . — — Map (db m158300) HM |
| Near Prison Hill Road 0.5 miles north of Harold C. Giss Parkway. |
| | During his 1774 exploratory trip, Anza made friends with Chief Olleyquotequiebe (Anza called him “Palma”) of the Quechan Indians, who controlled the river crossing. The Quechans welcomed the 1775 colonizing expedition and supplied . . . — — Map (db m158365) HM |
| Near Prison Hill Road 0.5 miles north of Harold C. Giss Parkway. |
| | The Natural Setting The river supported pristine cottonwood / willow gallery forests, mesquite bosques, wetlands, inter-tidal salt flats, and lakes dependent on annual floods for existence. The area yielded a rich harvest of seasonal wild . . . — — Map (db m158377) HM |
| Near Old Post Road 0.7 miles south of State Route 169. |
| |
The Regent of France authorized a settlement at the Post of Arkansas in 1722. These early settlers were on good terms with the Quapaw Indians who "exhibited a great spirit of friendliness and hospitality toward the French". Cotton was introduced . . . — — Map (db m108648) HM |
| On Old Post Road at State Route 169, on the right when traveling south on Old Post Road. |
| | Here on the Grand Prairie you tread on
soil laid down over the centuries as the
mighty Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers
brought down their precious cargoes of
silt from the northern uplands.
The footprints of many were pressed into
this . . . — — Map (db m108486) HM |
| Near Old Post Road 0.7 miles south of State Route 169. |
| |
In 1763 the Post of Arkansas became
Spanish territory when, by the Treaty of
Paris, the French King ceded Louisiana
to Spain. For several years after the
transfer, French officers and soldiers
remained at Arkansas Post.
In 1771 the . . . — — Map (db m108551) HM |
| Near Old Post Road 0.8 miles south of State Route 169. |
| | Spanish Explorer Hernan de Soto passed this way in 1542. Nearly
130 years later Father Marquette, the French missionary and explorer,
reached the nearby mouth of the Arkansas. In 1682 Robert Cavelier,
Sieur de la Salle, claimed this territory for . . . — — Map (db m108407) HM |
| On Hudson Road (U.S. 62) south of Rose Street, on the right when traveling north. |
| |
800 AD Trace of the Rock People
1808 Osage Boundary
1815 Lawrence County
1827-28 Lovely County
1838 Trail of Tears
1840 Trott's Stand
1858 Old Wire Road
1858-61 Butterfield Stage Route
1861 Troop Trails
1862 . . . — — Map (db m62485) HM |
| |
The Lewis & Clark Expedition was accomplished by Captain Meriwether Lewis, Captain William Clark, and their fellow explorers, and was the visionary journey of President Thomas Jefferson. The journey was to become one of Americas greatest . . . — — Map (db m91477) HM |
| On Military Park Road (County Road 65), on the left when traveling south. |
| | "Decr 23rd 1837, Buried Rainfrogs daughter. Marched at 8 o'c A.M. halted at Reddix, 3 o'c. P.M. encamped and issued corn & fodder & beef, 16 miles today.
-B.B. Cannon, Detachment Leader
Not Far to Go
Here, members of William . . . — — Map (db m21085) HM |
| On Military Park Road (County Road 65). |
| | "Long time we travel on way to new land.... Womens cry... Children cry and men cry...but they say nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West. Many days pass and people die very much." -Recollection of a survivor of the Trail of . . . — — Map (db m35436) HM |
| On Military Park Road (County Road 65), on the left when traveling north. |
| |
Imagine 7,000 Confederate troops crowded in close order along Ford Road, the lane you see on the right edge of this field. As they trudged east toward Elkhorn Tavern, a small Union force of Iowa cavalrymen - only 600 men - unexpectedly appeared . . . — — Map (db m37755) HM |
| On State Highway 43 near State Highway 72, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Occurred on Oct. 22, 1862. While Gen. James G. Blunt was encamped on the old Pea Ridge battlefield, word came that Gen. Douglas H. Cooper and Col. Stand Watie's Indian regiment were at old Fort Wayne across the line from Maysville. On Oct. 20 he . . . — — Map (db m52281) HM |
| On South Old Wire Road (County Road 83) 0.2 miles north of Dogwood Drive/Cross Hollows Road (County Road 1189), on the left when traveling north. |
| | This site was donated to the Benton County Historical Society by Scarlett Biggs Wilson and Lara Wilson Rosenblum in honor of their parents/grandparents, Guy and Nell Biggs, early pioneers of the Cross Hollows area. Cross Hollows is recognized for . . . — — Map (db m68789) HM |
| On North Main Street at West Rush Avenue, on the right when traveling south on North Main Street. |
| | In memory of 140 men, women and children N.W. Arkansas emigrants to California. In 1857 under leadership of Alexander Fancher (Piney Alex) left from Caravan Spring 4 miles south of here around May 1st - Camped at Mountain Meadows, Utah in early . . . — — Map (db m143889) HM |
| On Spring Street at Hillside Avenue, on the right when traveling west on Spring Street. |
| |
Crescent Spring was revered for its healing waters almost as much as the basin, the legendary Indian Healing Spring. Situated beside the Wagon Road on a hillside with a rocky outcropping described as "crescent" shaped, the spring was soon given . . . — — Map (db m80135) HM |
| On U.S. 371 at East Columbia Road (County Road 60), on the right when traveling north on U.S. 371. |
| | One of the oldest settlements in Columbia County. Here Colonel John Dockery had his plantation and home. Here T.P. Dockery, who became a general in the War Between the States, was born and reared. The Caddo Indian Trail from Camden on the Ouachita . . . — — Map (db m121136) HM |
| Near North 3rd Street 0.1 miles south of Knox Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | From the front of his home, John Drennen could overlook the bustling port town of Van Buren, including the wharf originally known as Phillips Landing.
Until after the Civil War, the Arkansas River and the steamboats that plied its . . . — — Map (db m120427) HM |
| Near Arkansas Route 77 north of East Military Road, on the right when traveling south. |
| |
First Highway constructed in Arkansas, Hopefield
to Little Rock, extended to Fort Smith and into Indian Territory, (Oklahoma). Built by the United States under supervision of the Quartermasters Department of the United States Army. Survey was . . . — — Map (db m116549) HM |
| On Arkansas Route 184 0.4 miles north of U.S. 64, on the left when traveling north. |
| | The legacy of the Mississippian culture lives forever through the Three Sisters Garden, like the one you see planted here.
The American Indians who lived here over 500 years ago were expert farmers whose most important crops were corn, beans, . . . — — Map (db m116605) HM |
| | Down the trail from where you are standing is the most well-preserved remaining section of the historic Trail of Tears in Arkansas.
Tradition and heritage run deep jn the collective souls of the Five Southeastern Tribes (Choctaw, Chickasaw, . . . — — Map (db m142034) HM |
| On Pickens Street (U.S. 165) east of Jack Dante Drive, on the right when traveling east. |
| | The Arkansas Indians (the down stream people), a branch of the Quapaw tribe, lived in Desha County. Their presence was first recorded by Marquette and Joliet, French explorers, in 1673. They were known as les Beaux Hommes. La Salle while . . . — — Map (db m107809) HM |
| Near State Highway 319 0.1 miles west of Cadron Settlement Lane. |
| | After Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, May 28, 1830, the Government forceably relocated about 60,000 Indians from the southeastern U.S. to what is now Oklahoma. This included the five (5) civilized tribes Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Choctaw, . . . — — Map (db m97912) HM |
| Near State Highway 319 1.7 miles west of 6200 Highway 319 West (U.S. 64). |
| |
The blockhouse is a replica of a structure that was built on this site in the late 18th century. The building was a multiple use structure, but constructed originally for defense purposes. It was used as a trading post, as a residence, and as a . . . — — Map (db m96645) HM |
| Near State Highway 319 1.7 miles west of Old Morrilton Highway (U.S. 64). |
| |
Following is a partial list of persons who died and were buried at Cadron. They perished from cholera while being relocated by the Army in 1834. Graves were marked with native stones with no inscriptions. Some of the Indians had adopted . . . — — Map (db m96643) HM |
| Near State Highway 319 0.1 miles west of Cadron Settlement Lane. |
| | Joseph W. Harris of New Hampshire, received appointment to the Military Academy at West Point at the age of 17 and graduated in 1825. He was assigned to accompany a group of 750 Cherokees aboard the steamboat Yeatman. They were forced to land at . . . — — Map (db m97914) HM |
| |
The Caddo, Quapaw, and Choctaw tribes lived in or visited the area during the 1700s and 1800s. This edifice pays homage to their lasting influence. The owners named the bathhouse for the Quapaw Indians, and incorporated an Indian head design over . . . — — Map (db m61795) HM |
| On West Barraque Street at North Pine Street, on the right when traveling west on West Barraque Street. |
| | This street was named for Antoine Barraque (1773-1858), native of France, soldier of Napoleon, and one of this area's earliest settlers. Founder of New Gascony in this county, he was a man of property and Indian sub-agent. Trusted and liked by the . . . — — Map (db m30577) HM |
| On Ray Sowell Road at State Route 38, on the right when traveling west on Ray Sowell Road. |
| | In 1807, citizens of Crystal Hill built a road to connect Cadron and Arkansas Post. From Cadron the road was built almost due east and continued until they reached the Wattensaw. At the Wattensaw swamps they found an Indian path that led south to . . . — — Map (db m116694) HM |
| | "The steamer Warren brought news... of the loss of the steamboat Monmouth, and the death of at least one-half of her infamously crowded passengers. This fatal, and most appalling, accident arose from a collision between these two boats; but from the . . . — — Map (db m52028) HM |
| | 1541-1931
June 18, 1541
Hernando De Soto
Crossed the Mississippi River
near Friar's Point to Aquixo
an Indian Village
south of
Helena, Arkansas — — Map (db m51917) HM |
| | "I have no more land, I am driven away from home, driven up the red waters, let us all go, let us all die together and somewhere upon the banks we will be there." - Sin-e-cha's Song, heard on several removal boats along the Trail of . . . — — Map (db m52027) HM |
| | The Delta represents a “melting pot” of diverse cultures. And most of them got here by canoe.
Canoeing is the oldest form of water transportation on the Mississippi River-at least 2,000 years old! In the Quapaw tribal history, they . . . — — Map (db m107816) HM |
| Near Lock and Dam Road (Highway 7) just west of Sheppard Drive. |
| | 'The Arkansea' was a land of mystery, wonder and riches...
Back east rumors grew of the Arkansea, a land of vast swamps, gators, buffalo, elk, beaver, and more bear than could be imagined. There were huge flocks of green and yellow . . . — — Map (db m142029) HM |
| Near Lock and Dam Road (Highway 7) west of Sheppard Drive. |
| | This stone is a marker from the old Military Road which extended from Little Rock to Ft. Smith. The marker was found west of Dardanelle in 1940 by Mr. Henry Sellers, District Highway Engineer, while supervising the construction of Arkansas Highway . . . — — Map (db m142032) HM |
| Near East Trickey Lane at Military Road. |
| | "The route which the Choctaws and Chickasaws will
travel, in emigrating to their new homes, is not yet, we
believe, fully determined on; but it is quite probable
that a large proportion of them will cross the Mississippi
at Helena, and White . . . — — Map (db m116572) HM |
| Near East Trickey Lane at Military Road. |
| | "Long time we travel on way to new land.... Womens
cry.... Children cry and men cry...but they say nothing
and just put heads down and keep on go towards
West. Many days pass and people die very much."
-Recollection of a . . . — — Map (db m116602) HM |
| Near President Clinton Avenue. |
| | While the Quapaw Indians could be said to "own" the land which
is the Riverfront Park, their villages were actually along the
Arkansas River between the "point of rocks" and the Mississippi
River. However, the Imbeau, Bartholomew, and Coussatt . . . — — Map (db m117431) HM |
| Near President Clinton Avenue. |
| | The first definite account of the site we call the "little rock" is from Benard de la Harpe, a French officer sent in 1722 to explore the Arkansas River. He identified "some rocky country" and a league further upriver to the right, a rock which he . . . — — Map (db m117089) HM |
| On East 9th Street at Commerce Street, on the right when traveling east on East 9th Street. |
| |
This stone marks the Quapaw
Line, west boundary of lands in
Territorial Arkansas, ceded
the Quapaw Indians by the
United States according to
the Treaty of 1818 — — Map (db m116175) HM |
| Near President Clinton Avenue. |
| | In 1818, the U.S. policy on Indian Removal
restricted the Quapaw to a reservation in Arkansas.
The western boundary, or Quapaw Line, began at
"the Little Rock." This was perhaps the first official
use of the name Little Rock. In 1824, a new . . . — — Map (db m116565) HM |
| On N. Main Street at W. South Street, on the right when traveling south on N. Main Street. |
| | The Indian parties followed an ancient trail that became known as the Southwest Trail. The primitive trail took the tribal groups by where you are standing. William S. Lockhart was the first permanent settler in the area, arriving in 1815, at a . . . — — Map (db m96596) HM |
| On U.S. 65 north of County Road 415. |
| | "American Indians inhabited these Ozark hills for thousands of years until the turmoil of European exploration and long periods of drought caused their movement out of the highlands at the same time that European trappers, hunters, and explorers . . . — — Map (db m143763) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | If you had stood here in 1825, on your right would have been Arkansas Territory, and on your left, a vast domain traded to the Choctaw Nation for their ancestral lands in the east. Fort Smiths location here at the edge of Indian country was a . . . — — Map (db m156900) HM |
| On Morgans Way 0.1 miles west of Red Pine Drive. |
| | On July 27, 1864 Confederates led by Gen. Richard M. Gano surprised an outpost of the Sixth Kansas Cavalry at nearby Caldwell's Place. The Federal force was routed with a loss of 25 killed and wounded, 127 prisoners and much equipment. The . . . — — Map (db m52566) HM |
| | In 1817, the first Fort Smith was built at Belle Point at the junction of the Poteau and Arkansas Rivers by Major William Bradford, for the mutual protection of the pioneers and Indians. He was in command until 1822. It was named in honor of . . . — — Map (db m77874) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | "The Cherokees have been kept on a small spot, surrounded by a strong guard
obliged to live very much like brute animals
exposed to wind and rain, and herd[ed] together
like droves of hogs
” —Reverend Butrick, June 1838 . . . — — Map (db m156907) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | The removal of the Chickasaw from their southeast homelands began in the early 1800s. Government traders who forced tribal members into debt would demand tribal lands as payment. By 1818, the Chickasaw had unwillingly yielded property in Alabama, . . . — — Map (db m156906) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | "No part of the land granted them shall ever be embraced in any
State; but the U.S. shall forever secure said Choctaw Nation, from and against all laws except such as
may be enacted in their own National Councils." With such U.S. . . . — — Map (db m156905) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | Fort Smith was fired on only once during the Civil War. On July 31, 1864, Confederates staged a diversionary attack from across the Poteau River, hoping to capture the city of Fort Smith. Their strategy was to pull Union troops away from other city . . . — — Map (db m156983) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | "Ascend the Arkansas River to the point where the Osage boundary line strikes that river
and therein erect as expeditiously as circumstances will permit a Stockade
" —Orders to Major William Bradford from Brigadier General Thomas Smith . . . — — Map (db m156993) HM |
| On Park Avenue, on the left when traveling north. |
| | The Fort Smith Council was held in this building in September 1865. To establish relations following the Civil War, delegates of twelve Indian nations met with President Andrew Johnsons representatives. Bitterly divided, Indians had fought for both . . . — — Map (db m59025) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | The Muscogee (Creek) people are descendants of a remarkable culture that, before A.D. 1500, spanned the entire region now known as the southeastern United States. The Muscogee were not one tribe, but rather a union of several that evolved into a . . . — — Map (db m156904) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | Two hundred and fifty years ago the river you see here flowed through the homeland of one of the most powerful Indian nations in the center of the continent. They called themselves "Wah-Zha-Zhe." Early French explorers spelled their name . . . — — Map (db m156908) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | In the spring of 1821, Osage leader Bad-Tempered-Buffalo appeared across the Arkansas River with 400 warriors in war paint. He and seven warriors crossed the river requesting gunpowder and permission to hunt on Cherokee land. Acting fort commander, . . . — — Map (db m156998) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | The Seminole people originated in Florida from the mixing of many indigenous groups throughout the southeast. Encroachment by white settlers and slave-hunters onto tribal territory started the Seminole wars in 1817. Sporadic warfare continued until . . . — — Map (db m156903) HM |
| On Garland Avenue at 6th Street (Arkansas Highway 255), on the left when traveling west on Garland Avenue. |
| | This marks the last encampment of the Cherokee Indians on "The Trail of Tears," from their ancestral homes in the South to the land allotted them in the Indian Territory. — — Map (db m92345) HM |
| Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street. |
| | Regiment of Riflemen 1817-1822 After serving with distinction in the War of 1812, the elite Regiment of Riflemen established Fort Smith in 1817. Their mission was to promote peace between the Cherokee and Osage. The regiment merged with the 7th . . . — — Map (db m156986) HM |
| On Center Street at East Avenue, on the left when traveling west on Center Street. |
| |
The earliest known inhabitants of the hardwood forest of the Ozarks migrated to Arkansas over 12 thousand years ago through the Great Bering Strait. For the next two thousand years Bluff Dwellers hunted the mountain plateaus before the Quapaws, . . . — — Map (db m59882) HM |
| On North 5th Street (Business Highway 64) at Magnolia Street, on the right when traveling north on North 5th Street. |
| | Much of the history of Augusta lies beneath these
grounds. It was the burial ground for the
Chickasaws before the first settlers. The earliest
extant gravestone is Penelopy Simmons, who
operated a hotel in Augusta and died in 1852.
First . . . — — Map (db m116627) HM |
| On South 1st Street at East Locust Street, on the right when traveling south on South 1st Street. |
| | Chickasaws and Quapaws crossed the White River
here to visit, long before the first settlers. First
post office, named Chickasaw Crossing in Feb. 1848,
was soon changed to Augusta. Steamboats
docked here to deliver goods and left with . . . — — Map (db m116629) HM |
| On High Street near Santa Clara Avenue, on the left when traveling south. |
| | One thousand feet due west was a prehistoric mound, 400 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 14 feet high. The remains of 450 Indians with stone implements and shell ornaments were found when the mound was remove in 1908. — — Map (db m79861) HM |
| | Outcroppings of weathered rock are a prominent feature of the Berkeley Hills, providing evidence of this areas complex geological past. Composed of Northbrae rhyolite, Indian Rock is an ancient volcanic remnant. Native Ohlone communities gathered . . . — — Map (db m53852) HM |
| | Mortar Rock takes its name from the many holes worn in these hard lavas by Native American women pounding and grinding acorns and other seeds into meal. This staple food could be stored and later cooked into cakes or porridge.
Native Americans . . . — — Map (db m53850) HM |
| On Telegraph Avenue at 55th Street, on the right when traveling north on Telegraph Avenue. |
| | Original Residents: The Ohlone
For more than 2,500 years before the Spanish
missionaries first arrived in the Bay Area in
the 1770s, dozens of small, politically independent native "tribelets” belonging to the
Ohlone language group . . . — — Map (db m135691) HM |
| Near Old Foothill Road near Foothill Road. |
| |
[Panel 1:]
Pleasantons past and the rich stories of the people that have come before can be discovered in the landscape and features of this park. Three periods of occupation trace regional settlement from prehistory to the present day. . . . — — Map (db m24685) HM |
| |
Νyyanu ja sultαawukma mak νnnutka (Chocheρo, the local Ohlone dialect)
Literal English translation: There come the white people on our trails.
Translation by Catherine Callaghan, Ph.D. (linguist)
The Anza . . . — — Map (db m154065) HM |
| | Νyyanu ja sultαawukma mak νnnutka (Chocheρo, the local Ohlone dialect)
Literal English translation: There come the white people on our trails.
Translation by Catherine Callaghan, Ph.D. (linguist)
Near this site on . . . — — Map (db m154062) HM |
| Near Ebbetts Pass Scenic Byway (State Highway 4). |
| | Bedrock mortars were made by Native California Women. The cup shapes were worn smooth by repeated pounding and grinding for use in processing food. Both the Washoe and Miwuk Tribes traversed and summered in this high Central Sierra Region. Although . . . — — Map (db m10998) HM |
| | Summer after summer the Washoe Indian people visited the valley. Eventually their idyllic retreat was discovered.
During the winter of 1844 Captain John Fremont may have seen this place during his crossing of the Sierra. Fremonts diary of his . . . — — Map (db m11001) HM |
| Near Pine Grove Volcano Road 0.3 miles north of Bryson Lane. |
| | Chawse is the Miwok word for a mortar hole. The cup-shaped depression in a grinding rock was used to process acorns and other seeds into food by pounding and grinding with a cobblestone pestle.
The hole or chawse began as a . . . — — Map (db m71895) HM |
| Near Pine Grove Volcano Road 0.3 miles north of Bryson Lane. |
| | The semi-subterranean assembly and dance house was the largest structure in the principal village or capital of the tribelet and was owned by the headman.
The sacred hunge was the community center for dances, meetings, social . . . — — Map (db m71894) HM |
| Near Pine Grove Volcano Road 0.3 miles north of Bryson Lane. |
| | In addition to the bedrock mortars, over 363 petroglyph designs are carved into the surface of the marbleized outcropping of limestone. This association of rock art and grinding pits is unique in California. Except for one other small site, Chawse . . . — — Map (db m71896) HM |
| Near Pine Grove Volcano Road. |
| | In a village, the roundhouse served as the center of ceremonial and social life. Constructed in 1974, the Chaw Sι roundhouse continues this tradition. With its door facing the east, towards the rising sun, four large oaks are the focal point of this . . . — — Map (db m8720) HM |
| | For centuries, acorns have been a major food source for many California Indian groups. Nutritious and easy to store, processed acorns could be served as soup, mixed with fruit or meat, or baked into a cake.
1. In autumn, Indian people filled . . . — — Map (db m61559) HM |
| On Cherokee Road 1.5 miles east of North General Sherman Way, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Led from Indian Territory by their New England schoolmaster, a band of young Cherokee Argonauts discovered gold here 1850. Town established 1853 when first stores erected by Welsh miners. During heyday of 1875, Cherokee boasted its own theatre, race . . . — — Map (db m234) HM |
| Near Bryant Ravine Road (Forest Road 21N35Y) 1.6 miles north of Lumpkin Road when traveling north. |
| | As you rest under the shade of this oak tree, you may notice several bowl shaped depressions in the rocks. These depressions, called mortars, were created over the last 2000 years by Maidu Indians. Each mortar was created for a specific purpose, . . . — — Map (db m146228) HM |
| On Oroville-Quincy Highway at Oak Avenue, on the left when traveling east on Oroville-Quincy Highway. |
| | For thousands of years the Yahi Indians roamed the foothills between Mt. Lassen and the Sacramento Valley. Settlement of this region by the white man brought death to the Yahi by gun, by disease, and by hunger. By the turn of the century only a few . . . — — Map (db m100601) HM |
| | Founder of Murphys, 1848.
John and brother Daniel set up trading post; hired Miwok Indians to mine gravel – paid them in merchandise
Murphys was first known as Murphys Diggings; then Murphys Camp – later Murphys
John Murphy . . . — — Map (db m34335) HM |
| |
Member of Fremonts Battalion during Mexican War. Established Indian trading posts throughout Central San Joaquin Valley. Leader of the first expedition of the Mariposa Battalion into Yosemite Valley, 1851
Dr. Lewis Leach described Savage as . . . — — Map (db m34057) HM |
| On Main Street north of Pine Street, on the right when traveling north. |
| |
This is a truth about the tragic destruction of a way of life —
It happened for only one reason. Our people abandoned so many
Indian villages in Calaveras County alone!
The Miwok lived a quiet, simple life, so close to nature they . . . — — Map (db m91727) HM |
| On State Highway 26, on the left when traveling east. |
| | This site, in 1849, was a trading center for pioneer miners of Northwestern Calaveras County. It was named after the gulch where William and Dan Carsner found large nuggets imbedded in the course sand.
Water for mining was brought from the Middle . . . — — Map (db m11975) HM |
| On Danville Boulevard at Hemme Avenue on Danville Boulevard. |
| | IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY, local farmers, ranchers and businessmen began to campaign for a railroad into the San Ramon Valley. This plan came to fruition in 1890 when the Southern Pacific RR started construction of its San Ramon Valley line. The . . . — — Map (db m153307) HM |
| | For untold centuries people
have lived in the San Ramon
Valley. They built their homes by the creeks, hunted
in the valleys and worshipped
in the mountains.
In the 1700's the Tatcan, Bay
Miwok speaking people, lived
in the watershed of the . . . — — Map (db m153086) HM |
| On Main Street at Diablo Street, on the right when traveling east on Main Street. |
| | Miwok Indians inhabited this valley at the base of Mt. Diablo when Spanish explorers came in the 1770s. Scouts, trappers, prospectors and settlers followed.
In 1857 Clayton was founded by Joel Clayton, a miner, farmer, and wagonmaster from . . . — — Map (db m59954) HM |
| Near Carquinez Scenic Drive 0.7 miles east of Winslow Street. |
| | "We called to these Indians, hoping to buy their fish from them."
From Father Pedro Font's Diary, April 2, 1776
In 1775 and 1776, Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza, Father Pedro Font, along with 240 settlers, soldiers, . . . — — Map (db m91652) HM |
| | This was the first American home in Crockett. Constructed in 1867 by Thomas Edwards, Sr., on land purchased in 1866 from Judge J.B. Crockett. Located on an earlier Indian village near the Carquinez Straits, its timbers, some of which were brought . . . — — Map (db m12153) HM |
| On Summit Road, on the right when traveling north. |
| | Mount Diablo, sacred to Native Americans who lived and worshipped there for over 5,000 years became a critical reference point for Spanish explorers in the 18th century, and American trappers and early California settlers in the 19th. In 1851 . . . — — Map (db m17541) HM |
| Near Waterbird Way south of Waterfront Road. |
| | This lowland marsh area, now known as McNabney Marsh, was first visited by
the Bay Miwok's Chupcan people. This local tribelet is thought to have consisted
of about 200 people. With the vast fishing, hunting, and plant resources of the
bay, . . . — — Map (db m145094) HM |
| On Park Place near Washington Avenue, on the right when traveling north. |
| | Dedicated
October 20, 1984
Mayor Thomas J. Corcoran
City of Richmond, California
History of the Indian Statue
The first Indian statue was commissioned and dedicated at this site in 1909 by the Women's Westside Improvement Club. . . . — — Map (db m94712) HM |
| On McBryde Avenue at Park Avenue on McBryde Avenue. |
| | Before the coming of Europeans, the land we now call California
supported hundreds of tribal groups. The East Bay had about 25
independent tribal groups with well-defined territories. The people
of these tribes spake dialects of three distinct . . . — — Map (db m146034) HM |
| Near Emerald Bay Road (State Highway 89), on the right when traveling north. |
| | A Sacred Gathering Place
Many generations of Washoe people spent summers here, living near the shores of Lake Tahoe. Known as >i>da ow a ga by the Washoe, the lake provided a sacred meeting place, where summer gatherings were a focus of . . . — — Map (db m35355) HM |
| Near Heritage Way east of Emerald Bay Road (California Highway 89). |
| | This site has been a haven for many people over the centuries. The local indigenous group, the Washoe, came here from the valleys of the Eastern Sierras to escape the desert heat, gather food, and enjoy the mountain atmosphere.
In the 1870s, . . . — — Map (db m34977) HM |
| On Pine Flat Road at Choinumni Park Road, on the right when traveling east on Pine Flat Road. |
| | Upon the arrival of the white man early in the nineteenth century, a group of people were already here. These people called themselves Choinumni. According to the Choinumni, they have been in this area for thousands of years. Prior to the arrival of . . . — — Map (db m27998) HM |
| On Reed Avenue 0.2 miles south of East Adams Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| | James D. Savage was born in 1817 in Cayuga County, New York and moved to Illinois as a a child. He was described as a strong man with blue eyes and a magnificent physique. It was said that he was smart as a whip, shrewd in business and adept with . . . — — Map (db m101846) HM |
| On Fort Avenue, on the right. |
| | By the early 1850's, newly arrived white settlers had moved into the Humboldt Bay area, causing conflict with the native inhabitants. To protect both Indians and settlers, Fort Humboldt was established in 1853 and operated until 1866. It became a . . . — — Map (db m19936) HM |
| | National Historic Landmark
This site possesses national significance in commerating the history of the United States of America.
1964
National Park Service
United States Department of the Interior — — Map (db m32570) HM |
| On Maple Creek Road 0.7 miles south of Korbel Road, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Site of treaty between coast and mountain Indian tribes — — Map (db m113365) HM |
| On Main Street at Church Street, on the right when traveling west on Main Street. |
| | The Wi'ne'ma Theatre was built in 1919 and named for a young
Indian girl who devoted her life to establishing friendly relations
between her people, the Modoc Indians, and the white men. The
first performance was on November 20, 1920 and tells . . . — — Map (db m142815) HM |
| On Edwards Street at Ocean Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Edwards Street. |
| | Directly below was located the ancient Yurok village of Tsurai. A prehistoric, permanent Indian community, it was first located and described by Captains Bodega and Heceta, June 9-19, 1775. The houses were of hand-split redwood planks, designed for . . . — — Map (db m1189) HM |
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