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Colonial Era Topic
By Bill Pfingsten, January 9, 2016
Hockessin Friends Meetinghouse
GEOGRAPHIC SORT WITH USA FIRST
| | The Hockessin Friends Meeting has operated with an active membership and regular services, known as Meetings for Worship, since its founding. The Meeting is part of the larger Philadelphia Yearly Meeting faith community.
The expansion of the . . . — — Map (db m92144) HM |
| | This home was once the residence of Joshua Clayton (1744-1798), an eminent physician and distinguished government leader in post-Revolutionary Delaware. After attending the University of Pennsylvania he established a successful local practice and . . . — — Map (db m160786) HM |
| | Here lie the remains of the family of James McDonough, an Irish immigrant who purchased land at this location in 1748. Seven children were raised here by James and his wife Lydia. Their eldest, Thomas McDonough, was a prominent local physician. In . . . — — Map (db m92152) HM |
| | Beginning in the 1690s, settler Adam Peterson and his family acquired several tracts of land here. One tract, surveyed in 1733, was given the name "Middletown." The origin of the name is believed to derive from the area's location at the middle . . . — — Map (db m155566) HM |
| | As early as 1705 a log chapel was established at "Appoquinimy" by the S.P.G. with the Rev. Thomas Jenkins appointed its first missionary, 1708. Queen Anne of England, for whom the Church was named, is said to have been a patron. This church was . . . — — Map (db m155563) HM |
| | 1682 - 1932
This tree was living when
William Penn
came to Pennsylvania
1682
White Oak, Quercus Alba
Girth Breast High, 1932, 14ft. 4 ins. — — Map (db m73845) HM |
| | Three Welsh members of the St. George's Anglican Church were reinterred here on Jun 20, 1937, the 232nd anniversary of St. Anne's Parish. Their remains were removed from the church cemetery when the C & D Canal was widened in 1937. — — Map (db m73846) HM |
| | Chartered on June 24, 1765 by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania A.Y.M., Lodge No. 5 at Cantwell's Bridge (later known as Odessa) became the first Masonic lodge established in Delaware. The lodge was admitted to membership under the Grand Lodge of . . . — — Map (db m155836) HM |
| | Approximate southern boundary of tract of thirty thousand acres granted by William Penn to the Welsh in 1701. It included what is now Pencader Hundred, Delaware, and a part of Cecil County, Maryland. — — Map (db m157102) HM |
| | David Witherspoon, born in Ireland, built this tavern in 1761 as a midpoint between waterways to the east and west. While traveling to the Continental Congress, Thomas Jefferson lodged here on June 20, 1775. George Washington also dined at the . . . — — Map (db m155564) HM |
| | Original dyke built by Dutch 1655. Centre of Twelve Mile Circle marking top of Delaware, surveyed 1701, by Empson and Pusey. — — Map (db m25532) HM |
| | Built in 1667, Crane Hook Church was located one mile east of here on what is now Pigeon Point Road. The Church took its name from the land located between here and the Delaware River. Under Dutch leadership, this area was colonized by the Swedes . . . — — Map (db m67354) HM |
| | The original landing was started during the 17th century of stone filled wood cribs, being enlarged several times. The city acquired ownership from the New Castle Frenchtown Railroad Co. in 1914, and rebuilt the wharf with a concrete face on new . . . — — Map (db m57133) HM |
| |
Built in 1732 as the statehouse for Pennsylvania's "Three Lower Counties on the Delaware," the New Castle Court House was the scene of a dramatic vote on June 15, 1776 when the colonial assembly declared independence from both Great Britain and . . . — — Map (db m102546) HM |
| | Fort Casimir was built by the Dutch in 1651 and recaptured by them from the Swedes, 1655. Site now lies beneath the Delaware 250 feet E.N.E. from this stone which is erected by the Delaware Society of the Colonial Dames of America, 1905, to . . . — — Map (db m57130) HM |
| | In the mid-1600s this site was the focal point of a three-nation struggle for control of the Delaware River. Dutch military leaders recognized the strategic importance of this place in controlling river traffic in 1651 and established a fort here. . . . — — Map (db m130462) HM |
| | Built about 1760. Home of Gunning Bedford, eleventh governor of Delaware, born 1742. Lieut-Col. in Haslet's Delaware Regiment. Wounded in Battle of White Plains 1776. Presidential Elector 1788. Also home of Caleb P. Bennett, twenty-ninth governor of . . . — — Map (db m25558) HM |
| | Rear of house built in seventeenth century. Main building built after 1738 by Dr. John Finney. Home of Nicholas Van Dyke, seventh Governor of Delaware. The marriage of Ann Van Dyke to Kensey Johns, Sr. took place here April 24, 1784. George . . . — — Map (db m152614) HM |
| | Site of home of George Read. Born September 18, 1733. Died September 21, 1798. Member of The Congress of the Revolution. The convention that framed The Constitution of The United States, and of the first senate under it. Judge of Admiralty, . . . — — Map (db m25560) HM |
| | Near here October 27, 1682, William Penn first stepped on American soil. He proceeded to the fort and performed Livery of Seisin. “He took the key, thereof,…we did deliver unto him 1 turf with a twig upon it, a porringer with river water and . . . — — Map (db m156292) HM |
| |
New Castle Historic District
has been designated a
Registered National
Historic Landmark
under the provisions of the
Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935
This site possesses exception value
in commemorating or illustrating
the . . . — — Map (db m64763) HM |
| |
Penn's Place
circa 1682
Formerly
Wm Penn Guest House — — Map (db m130461) HM |
| | One hundred feet to the East of this point is the site of Fort Casimir. Erected by Dutch in 1651. Taken by Swedes 1654, called Fort Trafaldigheets or Trinity, retaken by Dutch under Petrus Stuyvesant in person September 11, 1655. — — Map (db m130334) HM |
| | Portion of the early cart road laid out by Augustine Herrman, Lord of Bohemia Manor to connect his Maryland estate with Appoquinimink Creek and the Town of New Castle. Known as the “The Old Man’s Road”, this was one of the earliest links . . . — — Map (db m152613) HM |
| | Honors the city of New Castle, Delaware where William Penn first landed in the New World, 27 October 1682. — — Map (db m57128) HM |
| | Since the mid-18th century an establishment for public hospitality has existed here. The first building, of wood construction, was known as St. Patrick's Inn. Famous visitors included surveyors Mason and Dixon. The property was purchased by James S. . . . — — Map (db m154817) HM |
| | Elliott Hall
has been placed on the
National Register
of
Historic Places — — Map (db m154810) HM |
| | Son of a weaver in Northern Ireland, Dr. Francis Alison (1705-1779) was educated at Scotland's leading universities. He migrated to America, where he became the father of higher education in the middle colonies. In 1743 Alison founded the Academy . . . — — Map (db m154832) HM |
| | The first Presbyterian services in this area were conducted by Rev. John Wilson in 1706. Then pastor of New Castle Presbyterian Church, Rev. Wilson came every other Sunday to minister to the many residents of this area who had immigrated from . . . — — Map (db m9979) HM |
| | [caption:] Iron ore like this was mined from Iron Hill and Chestnut Hill
What is iron ore?
Iron is a silvery-white, solid metal, though when found in Pencader Hundred, it commonly appears as a brown, and sometimes nearly black . . . — — Map (db m157343) HM |
| | [caption:] Iron ore like this was mined from Iron Hill and Chestnut Hill
What is iron ore?
Iron is a silvery-white, solid metal, though when found in Pencader Hundred, it commonly appears as a brown, and sometimes nearly black . . . — — Map (db m158219) HM |
| | [Left Column]
[caption at upper left]
A 250 million year old fossilized sea shell found in the Pencader Area
Delaware is the second smallest state in the country. However, we played an important role in the formation of the . . . — — Map (db m158222) HM |
| | Originally called "Marettico", meaning hill of hard stone, by the Indians who inhabited this area. Known as Iron Hill as early as 1661 when three Englishmen were reportedly killed there by Minquas Indians. Indians frequented Iron Hill to obtain . . . — — Map (db m155424) HM |
| | In 1701, William Penn granted 30,000 acres of land to a group of Welsh settlers who were attracted to the area by the iron on Iron Hill. An iron mining and smelting industry grew up around both Iron and Chestnut hills and continued until 1891 when . . . — — Map (db m155426) HM |
| | Delaware boundaries are made up of three distinct lines.
* The 12-mile radius, surveyed 1701.
** The Transpeninsular Line, surveyed 1751.
*** The Mason-Dixon Line, surveyed 1763.
All the lines were completed even before Delaware became a . . . — — Map (db m156796) HM |
| | The University of Delaware has a proud legacy of being a teaching University and accordingly, acknowledges faculty who are distinguished by their contributions of teaching excellence and mentorship of students. The first member of the University's . . . — — Map (db m154180) HM |
| | What is Milling?
Milling is a process of taking whole bulbs, tubers, nuts, seeds, grains or other foods from its original size to a smaller size by pounding, grinding or rolling it until it is the consistency of a meal, flour or powder. . . . — — Map (db m156797) HM |
| | Founded at New London, Pennsylvania, in 1741 by Rev. Dr. Francis Alison, removed in 1752 to Cecil County, Md., and in 1767 to Newark. Chartered by Thomas and Richard Penn 1769. Closed from 1777 to 1780 on account of Revolutionary War. Merged with . . . — — Map (db m9781) HM |
| | Oldest Primitive Baptist Church in America — — Map (db m155247) HM |
| | White Clay Creek Church existed prior to 1718, meeting in a small log cabin at this site. The area became known as Meeting House Hill. In 1721, White Clay Meeting formally became the White Clay Creek Congregation. Rev. Thomas Craighead purchased 402 . . . — — Map (db m142498) HM |
| |
Francis Alison came to America from Ireland in 1735 and served as a Presbyterian minister in New London, Pennsylvania, from 1736-52. In 1743, he started a free school there to which the University of Delaware traces its origin. His first class, . . . — — Map (db m153982) HM |
| | What is a Hundred?
A hundred is an old English subdivision of a county. Although the origin is somewhat shrouded in mystery [,] basically it was a tract of land large enough to provide a hundred men to serve in the king’s wars. In American . . . — — Map (db m156916) HM |
| | One of the first tasks the Welsh performed was the establishment of two houses of worship. Among the Welsh were both Baptist and Presbyterian and the Baptist built their church on the north side of Iron Hill in 1703. Rebuilt in 1746, it remains in . . . — — Map (db m158217) HM |
| | Left Column Welsh Tract Church William Penn granted a 30,000 acre tract of land to three Welshmen, (David Evans, William Davis, and William Willis) in 1701. They and their followers had left southern Wales in search of religious freedom. . . . — — Map (db m156971) HM |
| | Constructed in 1749, the area is home to one of the earliest mill sites on the Red Clay Creek. A three-story flour mill once served as the center of activity on the site, and was the location of Oliver Evans’ first automated flour mill operation. In . . . — — Map (db m145422) HM |
| | Delaware clock-maker of great distinction and silversmith lived and labored here for about thirty years until his death in 1797. Was a prominent member of Old Drawyers Presbyterian Church. Made contract with State of Delaware in 1776 for manufacture . . . — — Map (db m10541) HM |
| | Indian Village Appoquinimi. Part of large grant to Alexander D'Hinoyessa, vice-director of New Amstel. Edmund Cantwell second owner of tract, 1673. Village named Cantwell's Bridge, 1731. Once important grain shipping center. Named Odessa 1855, after . . . — — Map (db m10307) HM |
| | The history of this congregation may be traced to the 1670s, when Dutch and Swedish members of the "Reformed Church" were gathering locally for worship. By the first decade of the 18th century the settlement of persons largely of Scottish descent . . . — — Map (db m10538) HM |
| | Left Panel Flemish Bond: Strength and Beauty The handsome brick pattern on the Stewart House is common on early 18th-century buildings. Flemish bond is achieved by overlapping bricks like a woven fabric. Although a labor-intensive . . . — — Map (db m10392) HM |
| | Port Penn’s name is attributed to a visit that William Penn made to the area in 1682. Dr. David Stewart founded Port Penn in the 1760s and laid out the town in a grid pattern. A protected deep water harbor and access to an active peach and grain . . . — — Map (db m140576) HM |
| | Built in the mid-eighteenth century by Captain David Clark, Clearfield Farm was the home of his grandson John Clark (1761 -1821), Governor of Delaware from 1817 -1820. John Clark served as Colonel in the Delaware Militia and as Justice of the Peace . . . — — Map (db m69112) HM |
| | The roots of this congregation can be traced to the efforts of Methodist pioneer Thomas Webb, who visited this area to spread the message of his faith in the years prior to the American Revolution. Influenced by his sincerity and eloquence, a local . . . — — Map (db m128089) HM |
| | A black man named Anthony was among the first permanent settlers of New Sweden. He came to the colony from the West Indies in 1639 aboard the Swedish ship Vogel Grip. Records indicate that Black Anthony became a free man named Antoni Swart, an . . . — — Map (db m127648) HM |
| | Organized about the year 1769. Early meetings held in academy woods, Gilpin’s Wharf and Thelwell’s School. Church Built in 1789.
Dedicated to Bishop Francis Asbury. Here is buried Allen McLane, Lieutenant in Caesar Rodney’s Regiment 1779; . . . — — Map (db m92275) HM |
| | Around 1740 water-powered mills began to appear in this area where the Brandywine River ends its journey falling 124 feet in its final five miles. Small vessels carrying grain from nearby farms sailed directly to the mills. Other ships laden with . . . — — Map (db m129264) HM |
| | This church originally stood at the corner of 10th and Market Streets and was the first Presbyterian church in the city. It was constructed in 1740, just after Wilmington received its charter from King George II. Following the Battle of the . . . — — Map (db m13557) HM |
| | Fort Christina-This park commemorates New Sweden, the colony founded when Peter Minuit’s expedition landed from the Swedish ships Kalmar Nyckel and Fogel Grip on the natural wharf of rocks at the riverside about March 29, 1638. Fort Christina, built . . . — — Map (db m140502) HM |
| | In 1638 a colony from Sweden landed at the Rocks nearby. There they built Fort Christina, worshiped therin until 1667 and then built a log church at Cranehook on South side of Christiana River. In 1698, inspired by their pastor, Eric Bjork, they . . . — — Map (db m11014) HM |
| | Nearby is grave of John Dickinson, Lawyer, Scholar, and Statesman. Member Colonial Assemblies of Delaware
and Pennsylvania and Legislative Council of Delaware State. Delegate from Pennsylvania to Stamp Act
Congress. Representative in Continental . . . — — Map (db m129371) HM |
| | Delaware's only known foreign-born governor, John McKinly emigrated from Northern Ireland to Wilmington in 1742, began a medical practice and became actively involved in Delaware politics. McKinly served as a member of the Colonial Assembly, . . . — — Map (db m39575) HM |
| | Built about 1760. Anthony Wayne's Headquarters 1777. General Washington, Lafayette, Wayne, and other officers met here to hold council and hear reports prior to the Battle of Brandywine. Later occupied by British. Joseph Tatnall owned and operated . . . — — Map (db m92278) HM |
| | Grew from New-Wark Meeting established 1682. Present house is third in this vicinity. Friends School begun here in 1748 has operated continuously. Among 3,000 buried in yard are founders of Wilmington, John Dickinson, "Penman of the Revolution," and . . . — — Map (db m10943) HM |
| | Erected by Swedish settlers 1698. — — Map (db m42646) HM |
| | The Swedes Landing Trail, which highlights “Wilmington’s Waterfront Heritage” theme reflects the maritime heritage of the first permanent Swedish settlement in the United States. The one mule trail includes land along the northern bank . . . — — Map (db m64625) HM |
| | The Tilton Mansion was constructed in 1802 by the nation’s first Army Surgeon General, Dr. James Tilton (1745-1822). Throughout his lifetime Tilton advocated for increased hospital sanitation and was the founder and first President of The Medical . . . — — Map (db m144389) HM |
| | Willingtown Square honors Thomas Willing and the original name of the town he helped found in 1731. The four brick structures, built between 1748 and 1801, represent the types of houses common in early Willingtown. Buildings like these often served . . . — — Map (db m10948) HM |
| | Founded by Swedes 1638 at Fort Christina, the first permanent settlement in Delaware River Valley. Called Altenae by Dutch 1655. Known as Willingtown 1730-1739. Incorporated as borough of Wilmington in 1739 and as city in 1832. Washington's . . . — — Map (db m19461) HM |
| | This Historic Trail links the historical, social, and cultural patterns of development in Wilmington. The commercial and residential structures along this trail recreate the vitality and historic importance of 17th and 18th-century . . . — — Map (db m130469) HM |
| |
The Rise of Delaware's Railroads
The 19th century saw railroad expansion all over the country. In Delaware, railroads connected New Castle County and Wilmington to points north, south and west. Yet, the need for a direct line between new . . . — — Map (db m146783) HM |
| | Detached from Northwest Fork Hundred
by Act of General Assembly, 1869.
Northwest Fork Hundred, originally
claimed by Maryland, then embraced
all territory west of Northwest Fork.
Delaware obtained undisputed title in
1775, upon . . . — — Map (db m48997) HM |
| | Prior to 1775 this hundred was claimed as part of
Worchester County, Maryland being named for Lord
Baltimore. After boundary line between Maryland
and Delaware was confirmed, Baltimore Hundred became
part of Sussex County, Delaware. — — Map (db m37404) HM |
| | Settled at the site of a gristmill on Pepper Creek,
this village was originally known as Blackfoot
Town. The present name of the community is
derived from that of John Dagsworthy. A New
Jersey native who moved to this area in the
mid- 18th . . . — — Map (db m37239) HM |
| | Before the settlement of the boundary dispute between Delaware and Maryland, this area was considered to lie in Maryland. On July 5, 1755, responding to the request of members of the Church of England residing in the upper portion of Worcester . . . — — Map (db m39556) HM |
| | The term "Hardscrabble" was created during the 1700s when two men of Irish extraction engaged in a rough fight where Sussex 473 and 446 cross. The skirmish ended in a stalemate, even when the first structured store was built in 1895 by Garrison . . . — — Map (db m39370) HM |
| | This site was originally part of a tract known as "Bachelor's Delight". From 1711 to 1768 it was included in a 3,000 acre Nanticoke Indian Reservation, authorized by an act of the Maryland Assembly. A village known as "Laurel" existed as early as . . . — — Map (db m4423) HM |
| | This Federalist served as the governor of Delaware between 1805-1808. He was born in Laurel in 1752, attended Old Christ Church, and is buried in this churchyard. Mitchell was commissioned as adjutant of militia 1775, promoted captain in 1776, and . . . — — Map (db m39779) HM |
| | Established on Broad Creek in 1770 as a "Chapel of Ease" of Stepney Parish, Maryland on land purchased by a levy of 80,000 pounds of tobacco. Building completed by Robert Holston in 1772 at a cost of Ł510. — — Map (db m39778) HM |
| | Here was Laurel's ancient "Wading Place", a ford for Native Americans and colonial settlers. Broad Creek crosses this fall in its flow to the Nanticoke River and Chesapeake Bay. For centuries, the Nanticoke Indians, an Algonquin people, lived in the . . . — — Map (db m11817) HM |
| |
Named for the river branch which runs along its northwest edge, Cool Spring Presbyterian Church was established circa 1726. Many of its members were Ulster Scots who had come to America from Ireland seeking religious freedom and economic . . . — — Map (db m150096) HM |
| | A native and lifelong resident of this community, Henry Fisher (1735-1792) was one of Delaware's foremost leaders in the struggle for American Independence. His prominence as a skilled pilot and his firm support of the Patriot cause resulted in his . . . — — Map (db m39377) HM |
| | On north side of town was Zwaanendael, first Dutch settlement on Delaware soil. Founded 1631 on creek, named by settlers Hoorn Kil in honor of town of Hoorn in Holland. Colony was destroyed by Indians same year. DeVries, a director of company which . . . — — Map (db m19407) HM |
| | The Dutch in 1673 established a court in Hoorn Kil for the inhabitants “on the east and west sides of Cape Henlopen unto Bomties (Bombay) Hook.” Governor Andros of New York in 1676 established an English court at Whorekill, the . . . — — Map (db m19408) HM |
| | Here lived Ryves Holt, colonial chief justice; and four governors, David Hall, who commanded a Delaware regiment in the Revolution, Daniel Rodney and Caleb Rodney, sons of John Rodney, and Ebe W. Tunnell; also Colonel Henry Fisher, Revolutionary . . . — — Map (db m19409) HM |
| | Under orders from Peter Stuyvesant the Dutch erected Fort At Hoorn Kil (Lewes Creek) 1659 but were soon dispossessed by the Marylanders. Here was also a communistic settlement established in 1662 by Mennonites from Holland under Peter Cornelis . . . — — Map (db m38194) HM |
| | Under orders from Peter Stuyvesant the Dutch erected Fort at Hoorn Kil (Lewes Creek) 1659 but were soon dispossessed by the Marylanders. Here was also a communistic settlement established in 1662 by Mennonites from Holland under Peter Cornelius . . . — — Map (db m152856) HM |
| | In 1680, Governor Andros authorized
the erection of a court house of logs
to cost 5000 pounds of tobacco.
Near this wall was the second building
used from 1740 to 1791, when the county
seat was moved to Georgetown.
The church rented building . . . — — Map (db m37347) HM |
| |
In this house lived Ryves Holt
Chief Justice
of “Three Lower Counties On Delaware,”
1745 to 1763
Member of Assembly
of “Three Lower Counties On Delaware,”
1734-1737, 1742-1744, 1746-1755,
And Speaker . . . — — Map (db m48877) HM |
| | For more than 150 years, the Cape Henlopen Lighthouse guided ships into Delaware Bay on their way to the ports of Wilmington and Philadelphia.
The Cape Henlopen Lighthouse had its beginnings in 1761. Philadelphia merchants and ship owners were . . . — — Map (db m79167) HM |
| | Commemorates the establishment of the
first permanent European presence on
the Delaware Bay
1631
In 1631, a group of settlers under David
Pietersz de Vries landed near this spot
to form a whale hunting station and
agricultural . . . — — Map (db m38631) HM |
| | This stone is from Castello di Verrazano, the explorer's ancestral home in Val di Greve Chianti, Italy. He was engaged by the King of France in 1524 to lead a voyage of discovery to North America aboard his ship Dauphine. That Voyage is . . . — — Map (db m63067) HM |
| | This house is an excellent example of Sussex County architecture circa 1730. It was moved to its present site in 1980 to help celebrate Lewes' 350th anniversary in 1981. — — Map (db m113690) HM |
| | Lewes has been a Port-of-Call and a Harbor-of-Refuge since the 17th century. For generations during the ages of sail, a public burial ground in this immediate locality became the final resting place for hundred of sailors who lost their lives and . . . — — Map (db m39373) HM |
| | A memorial of the first settlement in Delaware by the Dutch, on Lewes Creek A.D. 1631 — — Map (db m63578) HM |
| | In the ancient past Delaware was crossed by a network of Paths first forged by large animals and herds of buffalo migrating along the coast searching for food and salt deposits. The first settlers in this first state were The Nanticoke (Tidewater) . . . — — Map (db m49012) HM |
| | Originally known as Cedar Hood Hundred. Before 1863 that part of hundred lying north of Cedar Creek was formed part of St. Jones County, now Kent County. When Mispillion Creek was made northern boundary of Sussex County, the northern part of present . . . — — Map (db m142585) HM |
| | The origin of this congregation can be traced to the late 17th century when this area was settled by people seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity. Many were persons of Welsh, French, and Scottish descent who subscribed to the Protestant . . . — — Map (db m108849) HM |
| |
(East face)
A native of Val Di Greve in the Tuscany region
of Italy, he studied navigation as a young man
and became a master mariner. He was engaged
by the King of France to lead a voyage to
North America in 1524. The purpose of . . . — — Map (db m49095) HM |
| | In 1696, James Cannon received a patent for land at this location from the Proprietary government of Maryland. Known as Ickford, the tract became the property of his son Thomas Cannon in 1712. It is believed that he erected the first section . . . — — Map (db m4541) HM |
| | Charged with marking the long-disputed boundaries of the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania (including the “Three Lower Counties” of Delaware), English astronomers Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon landed in America on November 15, . . . — — Map (db m38664) HM |
| | Pilot Town is the section of the Hamlet of Concord where many free black families have lived in harmony with the white families since around 1765. It was so named for the many Negro pilots who lived in the area and piloted vessels down the Nanticoke . . . — — Map (db m38662) HM |
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