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Abolition & Underground RR Topic
By Michael, May 11, 2013
The First Lincoln-Douglas Debate Site
GEOGRAPHIC SORT WITH USA FIRST
| On Columbus Street (Illinois Route 71) just south of Lafayette Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | On August 21, 1858, the first of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and United States Senator Stephen A. Douglas took place in this park. Approximately 10,000 people gathered to hear the two candidates discuss the question of slavery in America. . . . — — Map (db m65299) HM |
| On Columbus Street (Illinois Route 71) at Jackson Street, on the right when traveling south on Columbus Street. |
| | On August 21, 1858, the first of the famous debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas was held in Washington Square. Here ten thousand heard the two candidates debate for a seat in the United States Senate.
Principally, the great . . . — — Map (db m65325) HM |
| | By 1856 Abraham Lincoln had realized that his former political party, the Whigs, was in ruins. The political landscape had changed to the point that Lincoln accepted an invitation to attend an Anti-Nebraska Editors Convention held at the . . . — — Map (db m56884) HM |
| On College Avenue (Illinois Route 140) at Clawson Street, on the left when traveling east on College Avenue. |
| | College Avenue Presbyterian Church, established 1837, formerly Upper Alton Presbyterian Church, heralds Elijah Parish Lovejoy, editor and martyr to freedom, as its first pastor.
Emerson wrote, "The brave Lovejoy gave his breast to the bullets . . . — — Map (db m142158) HM |
| On College Avenue (Illinois Route 140) at Clawson Street, on the right when traveling west on College Avenue. |
| | This is the third church to be built here since 1836.
The first church was made of stone and was built late in 1836 on the present site. The land and church's bell were donated by Enoch Long.
Elijah Parish Lovejoy was the first pastor . . . — — Map (db m144833) HM |
| On Market Street south of West Broadway, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Rich in heritage and haunted by history, many threads of our nation's past can be discovered here in Alton.
Located at the confluence of the Mississippi, Illinois, and Missouri rivers, Alton is one of America's great river towns. It was the . . . — — Map (db m133286) HM |
| Near East 5th Street at Monument Avenue, on the left when traveling east. |
| | Elijah Parish Lovejoy (Nov. 9, 1802 - Nov. 7, 1837) was a newspaper editor, social reformer, and Presbyterian minister whose death at the hands of an angry mob at Alton, Illinois, made him an enduring symbol of the fight for human liberty and . . . — — Map (db m133297) HM |
| On East 5th Street at Monument Avenue, on the left on East 5th Street. |
| |
[South side]
Editor Alton Observer
Albion, Me.,
Nov. 8. 1802.
Alton, Ill.,
Nov. 7, 1837.
A Martyr to Liberty
"I have sworn eternal opposition to slavery,
and by the blessing of God I will never turn back." . . . — — Map (db m133298) HM |
| On College Avenue (Illinois Route 140) at Clawson Street, on the left when traveling east on College Avenue. |
| | Elijah Parish Lovejoy was the first pastor of Upper Alton Presbyterian Church, now College Avenue Presbyterian Church. A minister, teacher, newspaper editor, and martyr to free speech and the abolition of slavery, he was fatally shot on Nov. 7, . . . — — Map (db m142159) HM |
| Near East 5th Street at Monument Avenue, on the left when traveling east. |
| |
Considered by many to be the first casualty of the Civil War, abolitionist editor and Presbyterian minister Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy was killed defending the freedom of the press.
Editor of the St. Louis Observer, Lovejoy wrote . . . — — Map (db m133295) HM |
| On William Street north of West Broadway (Illinois Route 100), on the right when traveling south. |
| | "Lovejoy's tragic death for freedom in every sense marked his sad ending as the most important single event that ever happened in the new world." - Abraham Lincoln in a letter to his friend Rev. James Lemen, March 2, 1857
In 1832, . . . — — Map (db m144832) HM |
| On West Broadway west of Market Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | The seventh and last debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in the 1858 U.S. Senatorial Campaign was held at this site on October 15. Approximately five thousand people gathered in front of the old City Hall to hear the two . . . — — Map (db m154153) HM |
| On Market Street south of West Broadway, on the left when traveling north. |
| | The two life-like statues represent a monumental event in our nation's history—the Lincoln-Douglas debates.
For a decade, the Illinois U.S. Senate seat was held by Stephen A. Douglas, one of the most famous politicians of his time. . . . — — Map (db m133288) HM |
| On Henry Street at East 12th Street, on the right when traveling north on Henry Street. |
| | The stately house down the block once housed the co-author of the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States.
In giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free—honorable alike in what we give and what we . . . — — Map (db m133291) HM |
| On North Main Street (Illinois Route 143/159) at Liberty Street, on the right when traveling west on North Main Street. |
| | Site of the courthouse where, in 1824, political enemies convicted Governor Edward Coles of illegally freeing his slaves. "To preserve to a continuous line of generations that liberty obtained by the valor of our forefathers, we must make . . . — — Map (db m143182) HM |
| On S. East Street at Front Street on S. East Street. |
| | Horace Greeley's New York Tribune reported on the Bloomington convention for its national readership: "It was most emphatically a convention of the people, where all classes, opinions and shades of belief were represented---but all inspired . . . — — Map (db m57458) HM |
| On Mill Street (Illinois Route 7) at Franklin Street on Mill Street. |
| | The Village of Maeystown, originally known as Maeysville was founded in 1852 by Jacob Maeys, a German immigrant from Bavaria. Maeys purchased 100 acres and had the land surveyed and subdivided into streets and lots with the intention of attracting . . . — — Map (db m144864) HM |
| On State Street at Main Street on State Street. |
| | Pictured in the crowd listening to Abraham Lincoln's speech is Joseph O. King, a prominent merchant who later became mayor of Jacksonville. He helped found a political group that agitated for the exclusion of slavery from the free . . . — — Map (db m57653) HM |
| On East Brick Road 0.1 miles east of North Chana Road, on the right when traveling west. |
| | The Chicago and Iowa trail, usually known as the C & I trail, passed through here. Travelers by stage coach, covered wagon, or on horseback between Chicago and Iowa frequently stayed overnight at Capt. Stinson's inn. This center of community life in . . . — — Map (db m131316) HM |
| | The Underground Railroad refers to the efforts of enslaved African Americans to gain their freedom by escaping bondage. Acts of self-emancipation made runaways "fugitives" according to the laws of the time. While most began and completed their . . . — — Map (db m48450) HM |
| On Abend Street at Mascoutah Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Abend Street. |
| | Gustavus Koerner came to Belleville from Germany in 1833. He took a law degree from the University of Heidleberg in 1832. Shortly after, he was arrested during a political demonstration. He escaped and joined a party of emigrants. In Illinois his . . . — — Map (db m140531) HM |
| On West Main Street at North Illinois Street (Illinois Route 159), on the right when traveling west on West Main Street. |
| | Abandoning hope of political reform in Germany, members of the Friedrich Engelmann family, including daughter Sophie, immigrated to the Belleville area in 1833. Sophie's suitor, Gustave Koerner, accompanied them after participating in a failed . . . — — Map (db m153301) HM |
| On West Main Street at North Illinois Street (Illinois Route 159), on the right when traveling west on West Main Street. |
| | A native of Connecticut, Trumbull arrived in Belleville in 1837 to practice law. He successfully challenged the last legal justification for slavery in Illinois. Before moving from town in 1848, he entered politics, serving a term in the Illinois . . . — — Map (db m153287) HM |
| On U.S. 20 at Browns Mill Road, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 20. |
| | The second round in a seven-round bout between political giants Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln was held in Freeport on August 27, 1858. In what has become a legendary struggle, Lincoln and Douglas contested for a seat in the United States . . . — — Map (db m93499) HM |
| On Riverside Drive at Pearl Street, on the right when traveling east on Riverside Drive. |
| | Side A Emancipation Proclamation (1863) did not free slaves in Kentucky. In April 1864, Hannah Toliver, a free black woman living in Jeffersonville, was arrested for aiding a fugitive slave from Kentucky. In May, she was convicted and . . . — — Map (db m100710) HM |
| On East Washington Street east of North Broadway Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | Side one:
Luther Donnell was convicted in Decatur Circuit Court (1849) of aiding fugitive slaves, Caroline and her four children, to escape to Canada. In Donnell v. State, Indiana Supreme Court reversed the conviction, claiming that under . . . — — Map (db m44752) HM |
| On County Road N80NE at Road E280N, on the right when traveling south on County Road N80NE. |
| |
Caroline and her four children escaped Kentucky slave owner October 31, 1847; they crossed Ohio River near Madison. After passing near here, Fugit Township black and white residents hid family close to Clarksburg. While hidden, family seized . . . — — Map (db m44743) HM |
| On State Road 120 at State Road 15, on the right when traveling east on State Road 120. |
| | Side One:
In 1847, three Kentucky men tried to capture Thomas Harris, fugitive slave in Bristol; a justice of the peace ruling freed Harris, who fled. In 1848, the Elkhart Circuit Court convicted the three men of causing a riot in 1847. In . . . — — Map (db m30744) HM |
| On East Main Street at East 3rd Street, on the right when traveling east on East Main Street. |
| | As early as 1821, enslaved blacks seeking freedom crossed the Ohio River from Louisville to New Albany. Antebellum and Civil War periods brought more fugitives. Many freedom-seekers were aided by other slaves, free blacks, and anti-slavery whites -- . . . — — Map (db m30841) HM |
| On Main Street at East 8th Street, on the right when traveling north on Main Street. |
| | In memory of Fulton County Citizens who harbored fugitive slaves on their way to freedom in Canada. In Indiana, the underground railroad began along the Ohio River in 1850. After the Fugitive Slave Law was passed requiring citizens to help capture . . . — — Map (db m37667) HM |
| On South Clay Street at West Oak Street, on the left when traveling north on South Clay Street. |
| | Side 'One'
Born 1799 in North Carolina. Purchased land 1818 in Gibson County. Cockrum and Jacob Warrick Hargrove laid out the town of Oakland (now Oakland City) on January 15, 1856. Cockrum and his son William Monroe Cockrum, along with . . . — — Map (db m47807) HM |
| On Hoover/181st Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | Side A:
In 1837, an enslaved family of three escaped from Missouri; settled six miles north of here 1839 with name Rhodes. In 1844, Singleton Vaughn arrived at their home to claim them; family resisted until neighbors arrived. Vaughn agreed . . . — — Map (db m27812) HM |
| On East Chestnut Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | Front side
Born in Maryland early 1810's. Bought land in Corydon, May 1849. In November 1857, Kentuckians arrested Wright and two white men, Charles and David Bell; they were indicted and jailed in Kentucky for aiding escape of fugitive . . . — — Map (db m9615) HM |
| On North Maple Street near East High Street, on the right when traveling north. |
| | Side one
Free blacks and former slaves organized an African Methodist Episcopal congregation in Corydon by 1843. In 1851, church trustees purchased land in Corydon in order to build a church and for school purposes. In 1878, church . . . — — Map (db m9752) HM |
| On S. High St at E. Main St, on the right when traveling north on S. High St. |
| | Seth Hinshaw, (1787-1865), well-known abolitionist, operated a station of the Underground Railroad on this site, prior to the Civil War. He also operated a store in which he refused to sell goods produced by slave labor. In 1843, Hinshaw helped . . . — — Map (db m63804) HM |
| On North Broadway Street (State Road 11) south of East 2nd Street, on the left when traveling south. |
| | Side 'One'
On April 15, 1860 at the Seymour railroad depot, a shipping box was damaged while being transferred; McClure was discovered inside and immediately identified himself as a fugitive slave from Nashville, Tennessee. The box had been . . . — — Map (db m46663) HM |
| On State Road 1 0.1 miles north of Balbec Road, on the right when traveling north. |
| | Tradition says Eliza Harris of Uncle Tom's cabin fame rested here in her flight to Canada — — Map (db m45184) HM |
| On W County Road 650N 0.4 miles east of N Country Road 750W, on the left when traveling east. |
| | Early Quaker settlement established 1836; center of Underground Railroad activity. Meeting house erected here, 1840, on land donated by Enos and Margaret Lewis; used by Congregational Friends, by Spiritualist society, as school, community hall; . . . — — Map (db m66818) HM |
| Near State Road 250 0.1 miles east of N. Rector Road (County Road N700W), on the right when traveling east. |
| |
(Side One)
College developed 1854 from Eleutherian Institute, founded 1848. Thomas Craven and anti-slavery advocates in the area created and supported the institution for education of students of all races and genders. This structure, . . . — — Map (db m74046) HM |
| On Boyd Road (County Road N700W) 0.3 miles north of State Road 250, on the right when traveling north. |
| |
(Side One)
The Tibbets provided assistance to fugitive slaves here in their home (now part of National Park Service, Network to Freedom); John piloted them to the next safe haven. Both were members of Neil’s Creek Anti-Slavery Society . . . — — Map (db m74045) HM |
| Near State Road 250 at Boyd Road (County Road N700W), on the right when traveling east. |
| |
(Side One)
Born in Vermont 1804. Moved to Jefferson County 1834, where he owned land and had several manufacturing businesses. Active in Neil’s Creek Anti-Slavery Society and in forming Liberty Party for abolition of slavery. He and his . . . — — Map (db m74044) HM |
| On Mill Street south of First Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| |
Side A
Madison’s Riverfront
Once a bustling commercial and industrial area,
Madison’s riverfront has greatly changed since the
City’s founding in 1809. On these banks stood
factories, mills, hotels and taverns, typical of . . . — — Map (db m22775) HM |
| On North 8th Street south of Broadway Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Side One:
Born circa 1801, Clark, a slave, was purchased in Kentucky in 1814 by B. J. Harrison, brought to Vincennes in 1815, and indentured as his servant. In 1816, G.W. Johnston purchased her indenture for 20 years. In 1821, Clark and . . . — — Map (db m23219) HM |
| On 73rd Place, on the left when traveling west. |
| | Henry D. Palmer, M.D. (1809-1877) located at this site in 1836. First physician in Lake County, he was also counselor to the pioneers for 40 years and member of the underground railroad aiding escaped slaves. — — Map (db m27716) HM |
| On N. Pendleton Avenue north of Fall Creek Parkway, on the right when traveling north. |
| |
(Side One)
In 1843, Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society sent speakers to New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana to hold "One Hundred Conventions" on abolition. When speakers encountered citizens with deeply held racist ideas, they were . . . — — Map (db m69254) HM |
| On North West Street just south of Indiana Avenue, on the right when traveling south. Reported damaged. |
| | Overall, a free African American, sold his properties in Corydon, moved with his family to Indianapolis by 1830, and bought land near here 1832. He became a leader in small black community and played active role in growth of AME Church. Overall’s . . . — — Map (db m127962) HM |
| | In 1844, John Freeman, a free black, purchased land in Indianapolis. By 1853, he owned land in this area worth $6,000. In June 1853, a slaveholder claimed Freeman was his runaway slave. Freeman spent nine weeks in jail; he hired lawyers; claim was . . . — — Map (db m1833) HM |
| On 13th Street at Park Street, on the right when traveling east on 13th Street. |
| | (Front): Born 1801 in New York; moved to Indiana 1817. Admitted to bar 1825; became influential lawyer. Settled in Indianapolis 1836. His opposition to slavery on moral and religious grounds was reflected in his political affiliations and . . . — — Map (db m4644) HM |
| On East Wabash Avenue, on the left when traveling east. |
| | Small Upper Brass Plaque - by Front Door:
This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. United States Department of Interior.
Large Middle - Brass Plaque
In Memory of the Soldiers of the . . . — — Map (db m9396) HM |
| | Site of house reputed to be a stop on the "Underground Railroad." Reconstructed cabin, which was portion of house owned by John Allen Speed, now located on grounds of Lane mansion. Speed, active in abolitionist movement, was Mayor of Crawfordsville, . . . — — Map (db m3870) HM |
| On U.S. 41 0.1 miles from County Road 500N, on the left when traveling north. |
| | A memorial to
Alfred & Rhoda Hadley
and others of Bloomindale
who maintained an
Underground Railroad Station
to assist fugitive
slaves to Freedom. — — Map (db m59730) HM |
| On Stingley Rd (County Route 600 S) at South Arba Pike (County Route 850 E), on the right when traveling east on Stingley Rd. |
| | Union Literary Institute was one
of the first schools to offer higher
education without regard to color
or sex before the Civil War. It was
established in 1846 by a biracial
board, including free blacks from
nearby settlements. At the . . . — — Map (db m139553) HM |
| On E. Washington Street (State Road 32) at S. East Street, on the right when traveling east on E. Washington Street. |
| |
(Side One)
When this meeting house was dedicated 1898, membership in Quarterly Meeting of Friends at Winchester was largest in the world. Migration of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) into this area began 1814 with the arrival . . . — — Map (db m69283) HM |
| On County Road N 975W at W. Flatrock Road, on the right when traveling north on County Road N 975W. |
| |
(Side One)
August 12, 1843 Union Church organized as Freewill Baptist church at home of Harvey Marshall. Church covenant states: “We cannot receive slaveholders into the church nor those who believe that slavery is right.” . . . — — Map (db m73987) HM |
| On East Fairground Avenue east of East Beech Street (State Road 350), on the left when traveling east. |
| | A network of anti-slavery leaders involved families of Isaac Levi, a Revolutionary War veteran. He came to Claytown (Osgood) in 1832 from Vevay where he apparently was part of the Underground Railroad; his brother-in-law, John Ewing of Ohio . . . — — Map (db m45940) HM |
| On East Fairground Avenue east of East Beech Street (State Road 350), on the left when traveling east. |
| | One of the main Underground Railroad routes came from Madison to the Ohio River north to Holton, Otter Village, and east to Osgood. It then followed the rail line east to Laughery switch, then turned north to Napoleon. So many fugitive slaves . . . — — Map (db m45938) HM |
| On East Tyson Street at North Washington Street, on the left when traveling east on East Tyson Street. |
| | Side One
Born 1808 Ontario County, New York. Moved with family to Ripley County, 1820. Prominent abolitionist and orator, delivering powerful anti-slavery speeches throughout the area, often against public sentiment. Was active in . . . — — Map (db m45873) HM |
| On West Main Street west of Liberty Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Top
Martha A. Graham
( Drawing of the River Paddle-wheeler. )
Lower Section
Designed in the Greek Classic style by David Dubach, Architect, and built by John Haley c. 1864, with restoration completed c. 1992. It is . . . — — Map (db m46132) HM |
| On West Main Street west of Liberty Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | A stop on the underground
railroad bringing slaves
to freedom
1862 - 1864
commemorated 1976
Vevay, Indiana
This memorial placed in honor of the
descendants of the Rayls and Pickett
families in the Bicentennial . . . — — Map (db m45896) HM |
| On County Road W 700 S east of Road S 550 W, on the right when traveling east. Reported permanently removed. |
| | Site of station of Underground Railway used by Quakers during pre-Civil War days in smuggling slaves to Canada. Leader of the enterprise was Buddell Sleeper. — — Map (db m34871) HM |
| On E. Main Street (U.S. 40) at N. Third Street, on the left when traveling east on E. Main Street. |
| |
(Side One)
A political leader defined by his moral convictions, Julian (1817-1899) advocated for abolition, equal rights and land reform, during a period marked by slavery, Civil War, monopolies, and discrimination against blacks, . . . — — Map (db m69282) HM |
| On Cumberland Street (U.S. 40) west of Davis Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | A convention was called for by reform-minded Congregational Friends meeting at Greensboro, Henry County, January 1851. Convention held October 14-15, 1851 at Dublin adopted resolutions for political, social, and financial rights for women. Women and . . . — — Map (db m270) HM |
| On Cross Street (U.S. 27) at South Water Street, on the right when traveling north on Cross Street. |
| | 1827 1847 This house was called the "Union Depot of the Underground Railroad," and more than 2000 escaped slaves were cared for here. Tablet placed by Wayne Co. Society of Indianapolis — — Map (db m4482) HM |
| On Cross Street (U.S. 27) at South Water Street, on the right when traveling north on Cross Street. |
| | (Front Side): Levi Coffin (1798-1877), a Quaker abolitionist, lived in Newport (now Fountain City) with his family 1826-1847. Moved from North Carolina because he and his wife, Catharine, opposed slavery. Advocated, and sold in his store, . . . — — Map (db m4480) HM |
| On South 6th street at South B Street, on the right when traveling south on South 6th street. |
| | Side A As a traveling missionary and
preacher, Quinn helped establish
the African Methodist Episcopal
Church (AME) in free and slave states
before the Civil War. He
influenced the faith, community, and
education of thousands of . . . — — Map (db m120251) HM |
| On N A Street (U.S. 40) at 7th Street, on the right when traveling west on N A Street. |
| | On October First, 1842, in what was then an open tract in this city
square. Henry Clay, the leader of the Whig Party, delivered an
address to an immense multitude and Hiram Mendenhall, a Quaker
abolitionist, presented to him on behalf of the . . . — — Map (db m138953) HM |
| |
Iowa assumed an important place in America’s Underground Railroad history when Missourians closed off the Missouri River to Kansas bound settlers. For Iowa residents involved in helping runaways, the work was a dangerous and illegal business. Most . . . — — Map (db m93885) HM |
| |
Rev. George B. Hitchcock House
has been designated a
National Historic Landmark
This site possesses national significance
in commemorating the history of the
United States of America
This property is listed in the
National . . . — — Map (db m93862) HM |
| Near Interstate 80 at milepost 208, 3.6 miles west of County Highway V52, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Josiah Bushnell Grinnell, a native of Vermont, was the person to whom Horace Greeley gave his famous advice “Go West, young man, go West.” Grinnell took that advice and in 1854 founded the city that now bears his name. A leader in state . . . — — Map (db m33683) HM |
| On Sycamore Street, on the right when traveling east. |
| | Aunt Polly Crosby, First Mother of the Church, Poplar Grove Baptist. Site of her cabin. — — Map (db m57483) HM |
| On 8th Street near Bridge Street, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Commanded Allen County Troops
Found dying Secrest
Saw Mill Owner. State Senator.
Founded Newspaper.
Abolitionist. — — Map (db m57472) HM WM |
| On 1st Street, on the left when traveling north. |
| | On the East Bank [of the Neosho River], escaped slaves traveled through caves and tunnels to secret Underground Railroad stations. — — Map (db m57486) HM |
| On Skyway Highway (U.S. 59) 0.2 miles west of Rawlins Road, on the right when traveling west. |
| |
On July 4, 1804, Lewis and Clark exploring the new Louisiana Purchase, camped near this site. Fifty years later the town was founded by Proslavery men and named for Sen. D. R. Atchison. The Squatter Sovereign, Atchison's first newspaper, was an . . . — — Map (db m77888) HM |
| | "But remember this, I am a girl, but I can fire a pistol and if ever the time comes I will send some of you to the place where there is [sic] 'weeping and knashing of teeth'...."
Gene Campbell, in a letter to James Montgomery, . . . — — Map (db m54075) HM |
| |
After the army sold Fort Scott in 1855, the infantry barracks located here (reconstructed in front of you) became the pro-slavery Western Hotel. The building across the parade ground directly behind you became the anti-slavery Free State Hotel. . . . — — Map (db m36272) HM |
| On Massachusetts Street south of 6th Street, on the left when traveling south. |
| |
On the afternoon of September 14th, 1856, the Free State settlement of Lawrence, Kansas Territory was threatened with invasion by an army of 2700 Pro-slavery Missourians under the command of Generals David R. Atchison and John W. Reid. Encamping . . . — — Map (db m76325) HM |
| On Interstate 70 at milepost 209, in the median. |
| | Between Lawrence and Topeka, the Kansas turnpike passes near the route of the old Oregon-California Trail, traveled in the 1800s by explorers, missionaries, soldiers, emigrants in search of land, and forty-niners in search of gold. Fifteen miles . . . — — Map (db m103242) HM |
| On Massachusetts Street at 7th Street, on the left when traveling south on Massachusetts Street. |
| |
The Herald of Freedom,
Abolitionist Newspaper
published on this site 1855-56
Site of Liberty Hall,
Lawrence's first opera house 1870-1911
The Bowersock Opera House
(Liberty Hall), built in 1912
Designed by Samuel B. Tarbet & Co. . . . — — Map (db m54573) HM |
| On Elmore Street 0.1 miles south of East 3rd Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Samuel Jones was an entrepreneur. He constructed Constitution Hall in 1856 and it is now a National Landmark. He was appointed Sheriff of Douglas County, Kansas, in 1856 by Territorial Governor Daniel Woodson. Sheriff Jones enforced the laws of the . . . — — Map (db m119138) HM |
| On U.S. 160 at Osage Street, on the right when traveling east on U.S. 160. |
| | In 1831, Prudence Crandall, educator, emancipator, and human rights advocate, established a school which in 1833, became the first Black female academy in New England at Canterbury, Connecticut. This later action resulted in her arrest and . . . — — Map (db m57960) HM |
| On U.S. 160 at Osage Street, on the right when traveling east on U.S. 160. |
| | The State of Connecticut proudly joins the State of Kansas in honoring the lifetime achievements of Prudence Crandall, educator and champion of human rights. Crandall’s courage and determination serve as examples of all who face seemingly . . . — — Map (db m57961) HM |
| On Pennsylvania Avenue at 5th Street, on the right when traveling north on Pennsylvania Avenue. |
| |
Businessman • Philanthropist
Abolitionist
Holton • Kansas
Est. 1857 — — Map (db m63874) HM |
| On U.S. 75 at 286th Road, on the left when traveling south on U.S. 75. |
| | New Inscription
One witness to this event later wrote that it was “no joke” to attack old John Brown. The abolitionist inspired such terror that in January 1859, about 1.5 miles north of here, a U.S. marshal fled at the mere . . . — — Map (db m127434) HM |
| On U.S. 59 at 142nd Street, on the left when traveling north on U.S. 59. |
| | In September, 1856, a band of Proslavery men sacked Grasshopper Falls (Valley Falls) and terrorized the vicinity. On the 13th, the Free-State leader James H. Lane with a small company besieged a party of raiders in log buildings at Hickory Point, . . . — — Map (db m55362) HM |
| On Esplanade Street near Miami Street, on the left when traveling south. |
| | "Each man carried a bowie-knife, a revolver, a pair of breeches, a shirt and a very don't-care a damn expression...The stews and brothels, the hospitals and poorhouses of the East can furnish thousands more of just such scabby, scurvy, scapegoats, . . . — — Map (db m46709) HM |
| On 5th Street north of Shawnee Street, on the right when traveling north. |
| |
Leavenworth was founded in June, 1854, although it was not incorporated until the following summer. During the territorial struggle which flared between proslavery and Free-State forces, the city was the scene of many incidents which contributed . . . — — Map (db m71724) HM |
| On Main Street (State Highway 52) west of 7th Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| |
Original cabin/fort built in 1855 five miles west of Mound City. The original building was the second cabin owned by James Montgomery as the first one was burned by proslavery Missouri Border Ruffians.
The logs were placed vertically on the . . . — — Map (db m93375) HM |
| On U.S. 69 near Kansas Highway 52. |
| | Nothing in the struggle over slavery in Kansas did more to inflame the nation than the mass killing which took place May 19, 1858, about four miles northeast of this marker. Charles Hamelton who had been driven from the territory by Free-State men, . . . — — Map (db m4359) HM |
| | A Nation at Odds
The mid 1800s were a time of turmoil and tragedy in the U.S. The issue of slavery polarized the nation. It created a moral, political, and economic dilemma. The struggle over slavery ultimately led to the Civil War, splitting . . . — — Map (db m39862) HM |
| | The bloodiest single incident in the Kansas-Missouri border struggles, 1854-1861, occurred May 19, 1858, when about 30 Proslavery Missourians seized 11 Kansas Free-State men near Trading Post and marched them to a ravine 225 yards northwest of this . . . — — Map (db m39861) HM |
| | Pro- and anti-slavery forces made their way to this area on horseback and on foot in the fight over whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state. Skirmishes, scuffles and screams could be heard in the woodlands nearby.
The Marias des . . . — — Map (db m33944) HM |
| On 6th Street at Lincoln Avenue, on the left when traveling north on 6th Street. |
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Osawatomie - the name derives from a combination of Osage and Pottawatomie - was settled in 1854 by Free-State families from the Ohio Valley and New England. John Brown, soon to become famous for his militant abolitionism, joined five of his . . . — — Map (db m69325) HM |
| On 10th Street at Main Street, on the right when traveling north on 10th Street. |
| | . . . — — Map (db m4347) HM |
| | Cast by the Borbedine Foundry in Paris which made the Statue of Liberty — — Map (db m69245) HM |
| On 6th Street north of Parker Avenue, on the right when traveling north. |
| | Built by Rev. Samuel Adair brother-in-law of John Brown. Dedicated July 14, 1861 — — Map (db m69315) HM |
| On 6th Street north of Parker Avenue, on the right when traveling north. |
| | One of the first churches in Kansas, this church was built by a Congregationalist group and is typical of the church structures built during pioneering days in Kansas. It was dedicated to public worship in 1861, and its first pastor was the Reverend . . . — — Map (db m69319) HM |
| On Main Street at 9th Street, on the right when traveling west on Main Street. |
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Erected to honor the 5 men killed in the Battle of Osawatomie on August 30, 1856.
Dedicated August 30, 1877
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[Monument inscription reads]
In commemoration of those who . . . — — Map (db m69304) HM |
| On Acorn Road (U.S. 75) 0.8 miles from 280th Road (State Highway 246), on the right when traveling south. |
| | Near here the towns of Plymouth and Lexington once stood as outposts on the Lane Trail, approximated today by US-75. Named for abolitionist James H. Lane, the trail was established in 1856 to bypass proslavery strongholds in Missouri and provide . . . — — Map (db m52952) HM |
| | “August Bondi was born July 21, 1831, in Vienna, Austria. The Bondis, Jewish European refugees, fled the Austrian Empire after the failed revolutions of 1848 and settled in St. Louis, Missouri. August Bondi moved to Pottawatomie Creek in . . . — — Map (db m134060) HM |
| On SE Monroe Street south of SE 15th Street, on the left when traveling south. |
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Across the field in front of you stands the former Monroe Elementary School. Parents of six students that attended this school in 1949 participated in the Brown v. Board of Education lawsuit. On May 17, 1954, the US Supreme Court issued a . . . — — Map (db m81395) HM |
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