Welcome to Northeast Arkansas Pick up your Discovery our guide in the part visitor for center.
From pre-history to today, people have come here for a variety of reasons. Settlers found a state rich in wildlife and wilderness. Ancient . . . — — Map (db m232112) HM
Ongoing warfare with other
Native American groups
led villagers to construct a
defensive ditch around their
town. The depression before
you was a formidable obstacle
to anyone trying to attack. You
will cross this ditch several
more times . . . — — Map (db m231813) HM
The Parkin
archeological site was
preserved better than
most because it was
reoccupied during most of the 20th century. The residents who lived on the ancient
village site.
in the 1900s came to
call their neighborhood
Sawdust Hill or . . . — — Map (db m231817) HM
In 1541 Chief Casqui
greeted Hernando
de Soto not far from.
where you are standing.
This trail highlights the unique
history of the archeological site.
The fully accessible 1/4 mile trail
will take you approximately 30
minutes to walk. . . . — — Map (db m233181) HM
This site was the year-round home to tribal leaders and their families, and it was the capital city of a large population living throughout the surrounding area. Daily routines here were interrupted when the site was transformed into a busy capital . . . — — Map (db m213788) HM
Just as pottery, stone tool, mounds are critical for understanding the Plum Bayou culture, so too are plants.
Through specialized techniques archeologist recover and analyze plant remains from archeological sites like Toltec Mounds. One . . . — — Map (db m213797) HM
• Caddo Indian burials were exposed accidentally during construction at this site in October, 1988. Subsequent archeological excavations by Ann Early identified 2 burials, a small cluster of residential features, and artifacts dating from the . . . — — Map (db m202077) HM
Plants affect every aspect of our lives. Without them, life would not be possible.
Crews working for the University of Arkansas Museum recovered this bag in the 1930s from a bluff shelter in Benton County, Arkansas.
Filled to the . . . — — Map (db m213906) HM
Why Excavate at Davidsonville?
Although there are surviving
documents to tell us about
Davidsonville, the town existed for
such a short period that many parts of
the story were not written down. Day-
to-day activities were too common
to . . . — — Map (db m170943) HM
Beneath the Ground
Remnants of this short-lived, but ambitious, town lie buried beneath the
soil surrounding you. Excavations and archival research by the Arkansas
Archeological Survey are beginning to reveal the layout of the town, . . . — — Map (db m170947) HM
People have hunted and fished in the rich Black River Basin at least since the Paleo Indian Period (beginning around 10,000 B.C.). More recently, Native American built villages and mounds across the Mississippi River valley (3000 B.C.-A.D.1650). . . . — — Map (db m170367) HM
Regiment of Riflemen 1817-1822 After serving with distinction in the War of 1812, the elite Regiment of Riflemen established Fort Smith in 1817. Their mission was to promote peace between the Cherokee and Osage. The regiment merged with the 7th . . . — — Map (db m156986) HM
After a large earthquake in 1868 on the Hayward Fault, Dr. Lorenzo Gordon Yates, a dentist, discovered fossils on what is now Osgood Road in the Irvington District. Many were identified as extinct Pleistocene horses, camelids, and mammoths. In . . . — — Map (db m212655) HM
Tens of thousands of fossils, were excavated in what is now Sabercat Historical Park and nearby locations. This discovery was documented by Dr. Don Savage from the University of California, Berkeley. Because of this remarkable unearthing, that . . . — — Map (db m212658) HM
Welcome to the fossils of Sabercat.
Throughout the last Ice Age, mammoths, saber-toothed cats and other large animals lived here. Most of these animals are now extinct, but they left behind a treasure trove of fossils.
Local students, . . . — — Map (db m212644) HM
Overview of History
California Nursery Historical Park is 20 acres of prime agricultural land. People who inhabited the area included the Muwekma Ohlone, Spanish (Mission San Jose), Mexicans (Rancho Arroyo de la Alameda), and “Californios.” . . . — — Map (db m208723) HM
The Ohlones were the indigenous people of this area and had a village called Oroysom east of this site. As hunters and gatherers they ranged far and wide. They wove baskets using various roots and willow branches and had lively commerce with . . . — — Map (db m211573) HM
Long before there were supermarkets, pharmacies and hardware stores, Ohlone people found or made everything they needed from the natural world. They used the roots, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of plants and trees in the making of food, medicines . . . — — Map (db m204557) HM
This land has attracted people's interest for millennia. A network of ancient trade routes once linked indigenous people of these different regions: the Ohlone tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, the Bay Miwoks of the Delta and Mt. Diablo, and . . . — — Map (db m197612) HM
Brushy Peak is a 1,702-foot landmark at the juncture of the San Francisco Bay Area, the California Delta, and the Central Valley. The peak and its environs have been recognized as sacred by generations of native Californians. Due to its . . . — — Map (db m198223) HM
As you rest under the shade of this oak tree, you may notice several bowl shaped depressions in the rocks. These depressions, called mortars, were created over the last 2000 years by Maidu Indians. Each mortar was created for a specific purpose, . . . — — Map (db m146228) HM
These Native Americans lived in villages along the San Ramon Creek. They harvested Valley Oak acorns and seeds, fished for salmon and hunted birds, deer and rabbits. Evidence of their culture has been unearthed over the years including obsidian . . . — — Map (db m200174) HM
Within a three-foot thick sandstone bed, seen on both sides of the trail, is a layer of rock containing fossil Turritella aedificata snails. Note the slender tapered shape that has led to calling them “Tower Shells.” They are also . . . — — Map (db m200818) HM
Take a walk down the path and imagine what life might have been like here 200 years ago. Oak Creek would have provided fresh water and an abundance of plant material and wildlife for food and shelter. Houses would have been built with willow . . . — — Map (db m202104) HM
John Sutter’s mill was not used after 1850 and it deteriorated rapidly. The flood of 1862 destroyed what remained of the structure, but in 1924 the original mill site was discovered and the mill monument built. A major excavation in 1947 found these . . . — — Map (db m12222) HM
Archaeologists have helped bring Sutter’s Mill back to life!
Ghost of the Gold Rush
For decades, Sutter’s Mill was lost in time and the river. Then in 1924, waster levels dropped, revealing the mill’s foundation, saw blades, and other . . . — — Map (db m214629) HM
Conservationist, author, anthropologist, a founder of the Save-the-Redwoods League.
This area of 1600 acres, habitat of the last surviving herd in California of Roosevelt Elk is established as a memorial by
· De Forest Grant
· John D. . . . — — Map (db m32569) HM
A geoglyph is one type of earthen art that is created on a
massive scale across open stretches of desert land and
plateaus. Their placement connects them to the land in which
they're based. Geoglyphs can be hundreds to thousands . . . — — Map (db m193807) HM
The Imperial Valley College Desert Museum represents the creative vision of noted archaeologist and anthropologist Jay Crawford von Werlhof (1923-2009)
A prolific author, von Werlhof wrote many scholarly books and articles on the archaeology . . . — — Map (db m82451) HM
"California is one of the richest repositories of Native American rock art in North America.
Rock art - is an inclusive term for symbols created on natural rock surface.
pictograph - painted rock art.
petroglyph - . . . — — Map (db m205837) HM
This District possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States Of America.
The Coso Rock Art District contains the largest concentration of unaltered prehistoric petroglyphs and associated sites in North . . . — — Map (db m196327) HM
In the Kawaiisu language, tomo-kahni means winter village. The site's location between the coast and desert allowed the site occupants to hold an important place for trade between these areas and the southern Central Valley. The sacred rock art . . . — — Map (db m92889) HM
Paul Bunyan has been the hero of lumberjack whopper tales that were handed down for generations in the camps of White Pine lumbermen in the north eastern forests of America. In 1913 the Walker family who owned the Red River Mill in Minnesota, moved . . . — — Map (db m56687) HM
This sculpture is called a Moai. It was carved on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
by native artist Iovani Teave on white rock called Maea Tea Tea. Moai
translates to Aringa ora or "Living Face.” The top knot is called a Pukao,
carved of red . . . — — Map (db m157993) HM
While their date of origin is unknown, synagogues were common
in the Land of Israel by the first century CE. With the destruction
of the Jerusalem Temple in the year 70, they emerged as the
nucleus of Jewish religious activity. . . . — — Map (db m183316) HM
All California State Parks must have either unique physical or historical assets. In 2000, the fate of this State Park hung partially on the question of whether physical traces of history could really be found here. The game-changing evidence was . . . — — Map (db m164332) HM
Here once stood the grandest of all sycamore (Sha’var) trees measuring 60 feet high with a canopy spreading 200 feet wide. The tree was given the Spanish name of El Aliso. The original inhabitants of this area, the Kizh (keech) or Gabrieleño were . . . — — Map (db m177327) HM
The first museum in Los Angeles.
Dedicated to the Native Peoples of the Southwest.
Declared Historic-Cultural Monument No. 283 by the Cultural Heritage Commission, Cultural Affairs Department, City of Los Angeles. — — Map (db m114691) HM
Egyptian Hieroglyphics are a style of writing that uses symbols or pictures to represent an idea,
a word, or a sound. Many of these emblems were based on hand signs that were used as an unspoken language.
Scarab - Represents the Sun God . . . — — Map (db m198219) HM
Hieroglyphics are a style of writing that uses symbols or pictures to represent an idea, a word,
a symbol or a sound. Many of the Maya glyphs were based on hand signs that were used as an
unspoken language. The discovery that glyphs had . . . — — Map (db m198222) HM
This board and batten, wood frame building was the living quarters for the Burdell
family cook. It was used for this purpose until the beginning of the 20th century.
The abundance of wire nails indicates
that this building may have been . . . — — Map (db m193882) HM
A Fishing Village on the Bay
For thousands of years the Huimen, a Coast Miwok group, lived here. Abundant food sources, proximity to fresh and salt water, and a natural landing area made this protected cove one of the best places to live on . . . — — Map (db m203488) HM
For thousands of years, the Cum-a-Lul Pa'Mu (Coastal Pomo) and neighboring Indian tribal groups have set up seasonal camps within a few hundred yards of this beach to gather the sea's valuable food resources.
Fishing
Pomo caught . . . — — Map (db m96677) HM
The Esselen, the native people of Big Sur, were one of the smallest tribes in California. Due to their small population and proximity to three Spanish missions they were severely impacted by European contact and domination. For many decades, the . . . — — Map (db m197531) HM
History
For thousands of years Native Americans from what is now Nevada called Summit Valley their summer home. They came to hunt, fish, gather food, and trade with Native Americans from what is now California. We can see evidence of their . . . — — Map (db m129595) HM
Orange County's early inhabitants, the Acjachemen and Tongva, have a history that dates thousands of years, long before the arrival of Europeans. Here in what is now called Saddleback Valley, grasslands and woodlands spread across the valley . . . — — Map (db m194208) HM
For thousands of years, ancestors of the Acjachemen came to this site to gather chert. Rich in silica, this hard rock breaks along fracture lines that produce sharpe edges. As a result, chert was a valuable resource for making stone tools like . . . — — Map (db m193798) HM
This fossil-rich sandstone was found locally from within the Topanga Formation, which was deposited during the Miocene epoch. The fossils and sandstone were deposited in a shallow sea that once occupied this area. Fossils include clams, scallops, . . . — — Map (db m188903) HM
In 1932, pilot George Palmer spotted six giant figures etched in
the ground along the Colorado River. Called intaglios or
geoglyphs, these figures range from 95 feet to 171 feet in
length: three humanoid, two animals, and one spiral. . . . — — Map (db m50992) HM
This pictograph, representing a maze, is an outstanding example of the work of prehistoric peoples. It, with 575 acres of land, was donated to Riverside County as a county park on April 16, 1955 by Mr. and Mrs. Roger E. Miller. — — Map (db m50993) HM
Pochea was one of cluster of Indian villages forming the very large settlement of Pahsitna which extended along the ridge east and west of Ramona Bowl. Pahsitnah was thriving when the Spanish first passed by in 1774. A tragic story tells of the . . . — — Map (db m50668) HM
Each year, the desert and pass-dwelling Cahuilla
Indians followed summer's gradual arrival
by moving to higher country of the San Jacinto
Mountains. Living in harmony with the land and its
blessings, the Cahuilla did not separate religion . . . — — Map (db m232747) HM
Prehistory
Ancient hunters first wandered into the
Fort Irwin area over 10,000 years ago. They
hunted Late Pleistocene animals like the
giant mammoth with large fluted spear-points. These hunters and gatherers lived in
small . . . — — Map (db m192882) HM
Pah-Ute Creek, which runs year around, attracted many Indian tribes, who used several Indian trails through this area. The first white man to visit Pah-Ute Creek was Fr. Francisco Garces in May of 1776. It was given it's name by Lt. A.W. Whipple . . . — — Map (db m78577) HM
Conflicts between Indians and white settlers over the rich lands of the San Bernardino Mountains culminated in The Battle at Chimney Rock on February 16, 1867. Although the Indians defended themselves fiercely, they were forced to retreat into the . . . — — Map (db m63982) HM
Of all the food preparation sites associated with
tribal villages and camps, the bowl-like mortero
(`ehmuu in Kumeyaay) is the most enduring.
Sites like this one were natural kitchens. Hour
by hour, Kumeyaay women used the . . . — — Map (db m200090) HM
Like all art, the pictographs painted on desert bedrock along this trail have the power to stir the imagination. What do these symbols mean? Who created them? When and why?
It's hard to answer those questions with certainty. Hundreds of . . . — — Map (db m200083) HM
The ancient village of Panhe (pan), meaning "place by the water" in the Acjachemen (A-ha-che-men) language, is nestled along the San Mateo Creek. The Acjachemen are the Native Americans of Orange and Northern San Diego County who have called this . . . — — Map (db m183222) HM
Lands End is the wildest, rockiest corner of San Francisco – a corner strewn with shipwrecks and a history of landslides. At the tip of Lands End is Point Lobos. Named by the Spanish for its many lobos marinos (sea wolves), otherwise known as . . . — — Map (db m211359) HM
In 1849, Isadore Boudin baked the first sourdough French loaf. Saving a bit of the dough for the next day’s batch, he began a tradition that continues 150 years later. Today, sourdough is as much a part of San Francisco as cable cars and the Golden . . . — — Map (db m231005) HM
Rising above the Carrizo Plain is Painted Rock, an important cultural and spiritual site to California’s native peoples. Most of the pictographs, or painted images found on Painted Rock, are characteristic of the Chumash who lived on the Channel . . . — — Map (db m126610) HM
Who were the first people of these lands? The Aramai settled at Calera Creek and used lands at Mori Point for over 3,000 years. Their villages, Timigtac and Pruristac, totaling 50 people, made up a distinct tribe among . . . — — Map (db m155297) HM
The San Francisco Bay Area was settled by Native Americans before the end of the last Ice Age flooded the river valley (rúmmey waayi) that became San Francisco Bay (about 5,000 years ago). The ancestors (muwékmakuš) of the Muwekma . . . — — Map (db m206786) HM
Fossilized bones were discovered on this site in 2017 during earthwork grading operations for the Stanford Redwood City campus. The bones were found at substantial depth below the ground surface. They were determined to be from the Pleistocene . . . — — Map (db m206827) HM
Thought to have once been the Indian Village of Syujtun, this site has yielded some of the most important archeological evidence found in California. In 1542 the village was recorded by Cabrillo while on his Voyage of Discovery, and again, in 1769, . . . — — Map (db m137508) HM
Syuxtun (where the Two Trails Run) Village with nearly 500 inhabitants was one of the largest of some 150 villages on the
coast. Ideally located, about where you are standing now, approximately 650 feet
from the beach and just west of Mission . . . — — Map (db m235958) HM
This boulder was originally located below this building near the edge of Uvas Creek. It was removed by helicopter in 1987 to protect it from erosion and vandalism, and moved to Mt. Madonna County Park. There it was vandalized further and moved to . . . — — Map (db m200822) HM
First contact between the Spanish expeditions and the Ohlone tribes was usually friendly. These encounters, recorded in expedition diaries, indicated that throughout Ohlone territory, the Spanish were treated as "distinguished guests," suggesting . . . — — Map (db m197734) HM
The sandstone outcroppings along the eastern terrace of Uvas Creek are ideal for creating bedrock mortars, grinding slabs (metates), and cupules. Key to the aid of processing large quantities of foods were mortars (stone bowls) and . . . — — Map (db m197748) HM
Ohlone villages contained a variety of structures. Some were used as houses, holding up to 8 to 12 people. Others were dug into the earth as partly underground assembly/dance houses. Other similar but smaller structures were used as . . . — — Map (db m198213) HM
Petroglyphs are marking that are pecked, scratched, grooved or cut onto a rock surface. Two petroglygh types are present at Chitactac-Adams Heritage County Park – cupules (small cup-like depressions) and cup-and-ring forms (concentric . . . — — Map (db m198359) HM
Uvas Creek's streamside habitat provided important resources for the inhabitants of Chitactac. Year-round fresh running water was a major factor in the establishment of a permanent village here. The creek was important for food . . . — — Map (db m198395) HM
Mount Umunhum is a sacred site for today's Amah Mustun and Muwekma tribal bands, who are the living descendants of the ancestral Ohlone tribes native to the region. Along with the eagle, hawk, and raven, the hummingbird plays an important role in . . . — — Map (db m114626) HM
This site was originally inhabited by the Puichon tribe of the Ohlone Indians. There were over 50 Ohlone tribes altogether, each inhabiting a specific part of the Bay Area. The watershed of San Francisquito Creek was the territory of the Puichon. . . . — — Map (db m232021) HM
The artworks in this garden were created on location in 1994 by ten artists from the Sepik River region of Papua New Guinea. After six months of chopping and chiseling, socializing and sight-seeing, the artists left not only the artworks you see . . . — — Map (db m232015) HM
For thousands of years, the hill rising in front of you was an island. Ancient Lake Modoc lapped against its base, scouring cliffs. Later, Native Americans canoed to these cliffs to carve symbols in the soft volcanic tuff, and Modocs still tell of . . . — — Map (db m13736) HM
The Kaweah Cooperative Colony was a utopian project started in 1886. For several years it attracted international attention and many settlers came here and actually did much to further their ideals. Unable to secure title to the land, and because . . . — — Map (db m166737) HM
On August 11, 1769, the explorers and priests accompanying Portolá found a populous village of Piru Indians near this point. Carrying their bowstrings loose, the Indians offered necklaces of stones, in exchange for which Portolá presented them with . . . — — Map (db m170384) HM
Dating as far back as 12,000 years ago until the late 1800’s, Chumash people had established many villages and seasonal encampments in this area due to territorial and ritual privileges and the abundant source of food and water bestowed upon the . . . — — Map (db m154420) HM
The low-lying Scorpion Valley has always been subject to
flooding, but overgrazing by sheep increased the intensity.
One night in December 1997, over a foot of rain fell on eastern Santa Cruz Island, sending a torrent of mud and water . . . — — Map (db m141329) HM
This landscape is the result of dramatic climate changes that affected plants, animals, and humans. In ancient times, large shallow lakes existed on today's valley floor, and American Indians of the Clovis culture pursued great herds of large . . . — — Map (db m160699) HM
[left to right]
This Payan corrugated jar was found here at the Pit House site and was used for storage of corn, beans and wild seeds.
Mancos [and] Payan Corrugated
This style of pottery was often used for cooking. The corrugations helped the . . . — — Map (db m160560) HM
The Northern San Juan Surface Pit House that was constructed here is composed of one large room used as a dwelling area and 3 rectangular room blocks used for storage.
[Left illustration caption reads]
Typical cross-section of surface pit . . . — — Map (db m160562) HM
Kivas or Ceremonial Houses were not only used for religious ceremonies but may have been used for governmental and social events as well. Kivas varied in size and had flat or cribbed roofs.
The cribbed roofs of kivas were constructed of logs laid . . . — — Map (db m160561) HM
Learning About Our Past, Preserving Our Legacy
The extraordinary archaeological resources at Chimney Rock have helped illuminate the history of the ancestral Puebloans who lived here over a thousand years ago. They built structures from the . . . — — Map (db m153331) HM
If you were here in 1908, you'd be singing, dancing or playing poker at the luxurious Crags Hotel. The Hotel's success was short lived. A fire destroyed the building in 1912.
Archaeologists who studied this site discovered significant . . . — — Map (db m185412) HM
Ancestral Puebloans
Beginning around A.D. 600, Ancestral Puebloans built Colorado's first permanent towns in the canyon country south of here. Hundreds of these settlements sprawled across the desert, with an overall population possibly . . . — — Map (db m160128) HM
[Text blocks, counter-clockwise from top left, read]
• The Unaweep/Tabeguache Scenic and Historic Byway is a remarkable tour through western Colorado's remote canyon country. Copper, radium, vanadium, and uranium all enticed miners here; . . . — — Map (db m160155) HM
This replica is an exact copy of a large dinosaur bone unearthed in 2008 from a quarry located in Picket Wire Canyonlands. Apatosaurus is among the most massive land animals ever to exist. A member of the long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur is called . . . — — Map (db m184919) HM
Excavations of the Ludlow tent cellars permitted archaeologists to contribute to the historical record.
The cellars provided the most comprehensive snapshot of daily life in the tent colony.
The goals of archaeology at Ludlow were to . . . — — Map (db m193557) HM
Between 1997 and 2002 archaeologists studied the living conditions of miners in southern Colorado.
Archaeologists carried out excavations at the Berwind coal camp and the Ludlow tent colony - two sites from the 1913-1914 Colorado coalfield . . . — — Map (db m193558) HM
History often neglects or omits the 1913-1914 Colorado coalfield strike and massacre
Looking onto this prairie, you see one of several places where coal miners lived during the strike.
Miners demanded better wages, an eight-hour work . . . — — Map (db m193668) HM
Canyons of the Ancients National Monument encompasses 164,000 acres of southwest Colorado. It was established on June 9, 2000, to protect the cultural and natural resources of the canyons and mesas.
For hundreds of years, the canyons and . . . — — Map (db m160230) HM
For more than 12,000 years, Native American people have inhabited this area. As the Ice Age ended, these nomadic people hunted bison and mastodons in the valleys, and gathered plants along the edges of glacial lakes and wetlands. . . . — — Map (db m160236) HM
Surrounded by deep canyons, villages here seem isolated, cut off from people on other mesas. Look closely at these cliffs and imagine hand and toe trails pecked into the sheer sandstone. These vertical trails were the Anasazi’s highways; steep . . . — — Map (db m71206) HM
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