Patímaša Tiičámna

Patímaša Tiičámna. They are Marking the Land. , In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens and Oregon Territory Indian Superintendent Joel Palmer convened a treaty council in present-day Walla Walla, Washington with Yakama, Nez Perce, Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla bands and tribes. They proposed two reservations: one in Nez Perce territory, one in Yakama territory. The Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla, unwilling to relocate, withheld consent until the treaty commissioners agreed to establish the Umatilla Indian Reservation. , In our treaty, our ancestors ceded more than 6 million acres to the United States and retained 1/2 million acres of the homeland. They also preserved rights we always had: to fish, to hunt and to gather foods and medicines within the ceded lands. , Intense pressure for the valuable farming and grazing land within our reservation resulted in allotment of our lands under the Slater Act of 1885. The reservation was surveyed and parcels assigned to tribal individuals. The remaining land was sold. Land and boundary surveys, allotments and other government policies eventually reduced our reservation from 510,000 acres to 158,000 acres. , Timeline , October 1805 and April 1806: Lewis and Clark pass through , 1818: Fort Nez Perces, first non-Indian structure built in the area, , established on the Columbia between the Walla Walla and Snake Rivers , 1836: Dr. Marcus Whitman establishes Protestant mission in CTUIR homeland , 1843: Thousands of people emigrate northwest along the Oregon Trail , 1854-1855: Isaac Stevens negotiates Indian treaties from the Puget Sound to the Rocky Mountains , June 9, 1855: US government treaty negotiations conclude with Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla , February 14, 1859: Oregon granted statehood by US Congress , March 9, 1859: Treaty of 1855 ratified by US Congress; CTUIR cede over 6 million acres