Spearfish Canyon Flora and Fauna

Spearfish Canyon Flora and Fauna. A View from the Wild Side. , Northern red horse suckers and dace were the only species of fish present in Spearfish Creek during an early 1875 exploration of the Black Hills. Trout are not indigenous to the Black Hills but were introduced from Colorado in the late 1800s. , Today, Spearfish Canyon offers some excellent fishing opportunities, and Spearfish Creek is one of the premier trout streams in the Black Hills. , Rainbow trout naturally reproduce in the waters of Spearfish Creek, the only place in South Dakota where such reproduction has been documented. Brown and brook trout also reproduce naturally throughout the Spearfish Creek Watershed. , Black Hills National Forest, Spearfish Canyon Corridor Management Plan. , American Dipper , Cinclus mexicanus , Earning its name from its habit of bobbing up and down while perched on streamside rocks, the American dipper is a small, gray bird native to the Black Hills. Once found in several streams in the norther Black Hills, the dipper is now largely confined to Spearfish Creek and nearby Whitewood Creek. , Dippers are year-round residents of the Black Hills and spend the majority of their lives in or near water.; they construct moss and grass nests in locations directly above water, such as cliff faces or the undersides of bridges, and they hunt for aquatic insects in the shallow water along the streambank. Their thick down feathers and water repellent outer feathers provide insulation, allowing dippers to survive in a relatively cold, wet environment. , Beaver , Castar canadensis , Beaver dams raise water tables and slow stream flow, providing habitat for a variety of plants and animals. French-Canadian trappers looking for valuable beaver pelts were the first Euro-Americans to venture into the Black Hills in the 1700s. , By the late 1800s, the beaver population had declined significantly. Protection efforts in the early 1900s allowed the population to recover. Today, beaver dams exist alongside human-made diversion dams that control flooding, generate electricity and provide water to the city of Spearfish. , Botany , There are more than 500 species of plants known to occur in Spearfish Canyon. Many were used by indigenous tribes for food, ceremonies, or medicinal purposes. Cool, shaded drainages and riparian areas (near streams) offer excellent habitat opportunities for the diverse array of plants located here. Ornate plants are plentiful in Spearfish Canyon. True Forget-Me-Not is an introduced species that can be observed growing directly in Spearfish Creek. Many lichen and moss species are also common in the area and may be easily overlooked. Many plants in the Black Hills cannot be found elsewhere for hundreds of miles. Rare plants are a protected resource in the National Forest, so please remember to tread lightly. , (Photo Captions), Left: Morning Catch, 1911. Photo courtesy of the Homestake Adams Research and Cultural Center, Deadwood, SD. , Background Photo: Scene in the Spearfish Canyon near the Mouth of Iron Creek 1946. Photo by jay Higgins, Black Hills National Forest. Courtesy of the Black Hills National Forest Collection, Leland D. Case Library, Black Hills State University.