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Alburgh in Grand Isle County, Vermont — The American Northeast (New England)
 

The International Boundary is Settled / La frontière internationale est définie

 
 
The International Boundary is Settled Marker image. Click for full size.
Photographed By Steve Stoessel, September 21, 2019
1. The International Boundary is Settled Marker
Inscription. The peaceful international border here owes some of its location to the War of 1812 and Vermonter William Czar Bradley.

The War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain officially ended with the Treaty of Ghent, signed December 24, 1814. One of Great Britain's issues, dating to the end of the American Revolution, was the northern boundary between its territories (now Canada) and the United States. The treaty's Article V addressed resolving the border above Maine and at the Connecticut River's northwestern headwaters above New Hampshire and Vermont.

On January 29, 1817, President James Madison appointed prominent lawyer William Czar Bradley (1782-1867) of Westminster, Vermont, as Article V's American agent. Bradley had served two terms as Vermont's U.S. Congressman. He and British agent Ward Chipman developed and presented surveyor instructions at a British and American Article V Commission meeting in Boston on June 4, 1817. American and British survey teams worked together for four years, but reached their own conclusions, drew separate maps, and wrote their own reports.

The commission failed to agree on the final reports of 1822. Bradley argued the American case. He was considered masterful in using the historic background of the 1763 and 1783 treaties ending the French and
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Indian War and Revolutionary War. After 1831 arbitration by the King of the Netherlands, which the U.S. Senate rejected, the border was settled by the 1842 Webster- Ashburton Treaty, based on this survey work. Bradley considered his Treaty of Ghent work as his finest public service.

Cette paisible frontière internationale doit sa présence à la guerre de 1812 et au vermontois William Czar Bradley (1782-1867).

La guerre de 1812 entre les États-Unis et la Grande Bretagne se termina officiellement avec le traité de Gant signé le 24 décembre 1814. Présent dès la fin de la révolution américaine, un des points importants toujours souligné par la Grande Bretagne la définition de la frontière du nord séparant ses territoires (maintenant le Canada) de ceux des États-Unis. L'article V du traité identifie la frontière au nord de l'état du Maine et à l'amont, de la rivière Connecticut au nord du New Hampshire et du Vermont.

Le 29 janvier 1817, la président James Madison appointa l'avocat William Czar Bradley de Westminister, Vermont, membre du congrès américain pendant deux termes, comme représentant américain. A Boston le 4 juin 1817, au rendez-vous de la commission de l'article V, Il présenta avec l'agent britannique Ward Chipman, des instructions aux arpenteurs. Les équipes britanniques et américaines travaillèrent ensemble pendant 4 ans
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mais présentèrent des conclusions divergentes, dessinèrent différentes cartes, et écrivirent leurs propres rapporte.

La commission ne réussit pas à s'entendre lors du rapport final de 1822: Mr. Bradly représenta la cause américaine et fut grandiose dans les débats, utilisant la perspective historique des traités de 1763 et 1783 qui avaient mis fin à la guerre de 7 ans et à la guerre d'indépendance des États-Unis. Il fallut attendre le traité de Webster-Ashburton de 1842 pour finaliser la frontière. Mr. Bradley considéra son travail sur le plus grande réussite en tant que serviteur public.

L'avocat William Czar Bradley occupa plusieurs pOstes de fonction publique à l'échelle locale et pour l'érat du Vermont. Il fut le retrésentant au congres de cet état de 1813 à 1815. Lettreet énudit, Mr Bradley possédait une impressionnante librairie Image courtoisie de la Vermont Historical Soctety Both the American and British teams prepared maps of the border area with the results of their survey work. This map prepared by American surveyor John Johnson shows the boundary line explored in 1817. These maps were presented in the final report to the Article V Commission for the Treaty of Ghent. Courtesy of University of Vermont, Bailey-Howe Library, Special Collections était A la suite de ler travail d'arpentage, les équipes améncaines et britanniques dessinèrent leurs cartes de la frontière. Préparée par l'américam John Johnson, cette carte montre la ligne exorée en 1817. Ces cartes furent présentées lors du rapport final de la commission sicr l'article V du traite de Gant. Courtoisie de PUnnersite de Vermont Collections spéciales de la librairie Bailey-Howe William Czar Bradley, a prominent lauyer, held many public offices at the local and state level and was Vermont's US. Congressman from 1813-15 He was extraordinarily well-read and had many books im several languages in his library. Image courtesy of Vermont Historical Society Vermont law office, where he pYacticed from 1802 to 1858. Image courtesy of Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Hudson River Bradley hired the American survey crew, including John Johnson of Burlington, Vermont, as chief surveyor Their equipment, shown here, included a surveyor's compass, chain, and reflecting quadrant. Bradley kept these on shelves in his law office for the rest of his life. Collection of the Vermont Division for Historic Preservation William Czar Bradley conservu plusicurs des curtes crédes lors de son tyavail avec les arpenteurs americains, dans son bureau d'avocat de Westminster pu il pratiqua le droit de 1802 jusqu'à 1858. Image courtoisie de la Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Cohoes traité de Gant comme sa Mr. Bradley engagea l'équipe américaine d'arpenteurs avec comme chef John Johnson de Burlington, Vermont. Leur équipement, illustré cidessus, comprenait un compas, une chaine de mesure et un cadran indicateur. Mr.Bradley les garda dans son bureaud'avocat jusqu'à la fin de sa vie. Collection de la Vermont Division for Historic Preservation

Photo Captions starting top and going counterclockwise: Both the American and British teams prepared maps of the border area with the results of their survey work. This map prepared by American surveyor John Johnson shows the boundary line explored in 1817. These maps were presented in the final report to the Article V Commission for the Treaty of Ghent. Courtesy of University of Vermont, Bailey-Howe Library, Special Collections
A la suite de lier travail d'arpentage, les équipes améncaines et britanniques dessinèrent leurs cartes de la frontière. Préparée par l'américam John Johnson, cette carte montre la ligne exorée en 1817. Ces cartes furent présentées lors du rapport final de la commission sier l'article V du traite de Gant. Courtoisie de l'Unnersite de Vermont Collections spéciales de la librairie Bailey-Howe

William Czar Bradley, a prominent lawyer, held many public offices at the local and state level and was Vermont's US. Congressman from 1813-15 He was extraordinarily well-read and had many books in several languages in his library. Image courtesy of Vermont Historical Society
William Czar Bradley, avocat de premier plan, a tenu de nombreux bureaux publics au niveau local et était les États-Unis du Vermont. Membre du Congrès de 1813-1815 Il était extraordinairement bien lu et avait beaucoup des livres en plusieurs langues dans sa bibliothèque. Image gracieuseté de Vermont Historical Society

Vermont law office, where he practiced from 1802 to 1858. Image courtesy of Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Hudson River Bradley hired the American survey crew, including John Johnson of Burlington, Vermont, as chief surveyor Their equipment, shown here, included a surveyor's compass, chain, and reflecting quadrant. Bradley kept these on shelves in his law office for the rest of his life. Collection of the Vermont Division for Historic Preservation

Cabinet d'avocats du Vermont, où il pratiqué de 1802 à 1858. Image gracieuseté de la Division du Vermont pour Préservation historique la rivière Hudson Bradley a embauché l'équipe d'arpentage américaine, y compris John Johnson de Burlington, dans le Vermont, en tant que géomètre en chef Leur équipement, illustré ici, comprenait une boussole, une chaîne et un quadrant réfléchissant pour l’exploration. Bradley a gardé ces sur les étagères dans son cabinet d'avocat pour le reste de sa vie. Collection de la division du Vermont pour la préservation historique

William Czar Bradley kept many of the final maps from the boundary survey in his Westminister, Vermont law office where he pracrised from 1802 to 1858. Image courtesy of Vermont Division for Historic Preservation.
William Czar Bradley a conservé bon nombre des cartes finales du relevé des limites dans son cabinet d'avocats de Westminster, dans le Vermont, où il a exercé de 1802 à 1858. Image reproduite avec l'aimable autorisation de Vermont Division for Historic Preservation.
 
Topics and series. This historical marker is listed in this topic list: Political Subdivisions. In addition, it is included in the Former U.S. Presidents: #04 James Madison series list. A significant historical date for this entry is January 29, 1817.
 
Location. 44° 59.182′ N, 73° 17.738′ W. Marker is near Alburg, Vermont, in Grand Isle County. It is in Alburgh. Marker can be reached from North Main Street (U.S. 2) south of Missle Base Road, on the left when traveling east. Marker is at the Vermont Welcome Center. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Alburgh VT 05440, United States of America. Touch for directions.
 
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 4 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Missile Site (a few steps from this marker); Historic Lake Islands - Samuel De Champlain (within shouting distance of this marker); Fort Montgomery (approx. 3.2 miles away in New York); David Mayo's Sail Ferry (approx. 3.3 miles away in New York); Working The Lake (approx. 3.3 miles away in New York); Ezra Thurber’s Home (approx. 3.3 miles away in New York); The Bohannon Site (approx. 3.4 miles away); Site of Joel Smith's Home (approx. 3.4 miles away in New York).
 
Also see . . .  William Czar Bradley. (Submitted on September 23, 2019, by Steve Stoessel of Niskayuna, New York.)
 
 
Credits. This page was last revised on February 16, 2023. It was originally submitted on September 23, 2019, by Steve Stoessel of Niskayuna, New York. This page has been viewed 218 times since then and 8 times this year. Photo   1. submitted on September 23, 2019, by Steve Stoessel of Niskayuna, New York. • Bill Pfingsten was the editor who published this page.

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Mar. 29, 2024