Locust Grove in Orange County, Virginia — The American South (Mid-Atlantic)
The Battle of Payne’s Farm
A Fruitless Campaign
“One of the sharpest & best fought affairs of the war. The musketry was the most terrific any of us had ever heard, and the chances of getting off without a decent wound was about as poor as it possibly could have been.” — Col. Charles T. Collis, 114th Pennsylvania Infantry, USA
A few days after the Battle of Payne’s Farm, Union and Confederate forces were poised to fight on a larger scale west of Locust Grove. Both sides planned assaults, but Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee posted his troops in such a strong position along Mine Run that Union Gen. George G. Meade decided to withdraw. This robbed Lee of his opportunity to strike his adversary’s left flank. Both sides returned close to their former positions and made camp for the winter.
Although the battle here was relatively small, the soldiers who fought at Payne’s Farm did not view this as an unimportant engagement. They wrote of a fight equal in ferocity with better-known eastern battles like Antietam, Chancellorsville, and the Wilderness. Dwarfed in total losses by Gettysburg and dimmed in retrospect by the apparent uselessness of the entire movement, Mine Run remains a little-known campaign. This very obscurity, however, contributed significantly to the almost unparalleled preservation of this battlefield.
(captions)
Union II Corps commander, Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren successfully maneuvered his troops around the Confederate right flank, but before he could launch his assault, Gen Robert E. Lee countered with a corps of his own and hastily erected entrenchments. In this image, II Corps batteries go into action. — Courtesy Library of Congress
Although the Mine Run Campaign was a failed Union effort, at least the Federal high command came to know the terrain south of the Rapidan River. While Meade’s Army of the Potomac camped for the winter around Brandy Station in Culpeper County (above), his new commander arrived—Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. When Grant ordered Meade forward the following spring, he advanced into the Wilderness with a far better knowledge of the country that lay ahead. — Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Meade planned an all-out assault for November 30, while Gen. Lee planned to strike the Union left with a strong force. The very strength of the Confederate position, however, precipitated the Union withdrawal and an end to the campaign.
Erected 2011 by The Civil War Trust and Virginia Civil War Trails.
Topics and series. This historical marker is listed in this topic list: War, US Civil. In addition, it is included in the Virginia Civil War Trails series list. A significant day of the year for for this entry is November 30.
Location. 38° 20.024′ N, 77° 49.475′ W. Marker is in Locust Grove, Virginia, in Orange County. Marker can be reached from Zoar Road (Virginia Route 611) near Zoar School Road. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 31334 Zoar Road, Locust Grove VA 22508, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. A different marker also named The Battle of Payne’s Farm (about 300 feet away, measured in a direct line); a different marker also named The Battle of Payne’s Farm (about 600 feet away); a different marker also named The Battle of Payne’s Farm (approx. 0.2 miles away); a different marker also named The Battle of Payne’s Farm (approx. 0.2 miles away); a different marker also named The Battle of Payne’s Farm (approx. ¼ mile away); The Mine Run Campaign (approx. ¼ mile away); a different marker also named The Mine Run Campaign (approx. ¼ mile away); a different marker also named The Battle of Payne’s Farm (approx. 0.3 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Locust Grove.
Also see . . .
1. Mine Run (Payne's Farm). American Battlefield Trust (Submitted on June 6, 2011.)
2. The Mine Run Campaign by James K. Bryant II. Essential Civil War Curriculum, Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech (Submitted on June 6, 2011.)
Credits. This page was last revised on February 24, 2022. It was originally submitted on June 6, 2011, by Bernard Fisher of Richmond, Virginia. This page has been viewed 1,620 times since then and 62 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. submitted on June 6, 2011, by Bernard Fisher of Richmond, Virginia.