This 18th century Spanish settlement was established on the site of an ancient Tiwa Indian Pueblo that was destroyed following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. The pueblo was reestablished in 1702, but in 1708 the Spanish moved its Tiwa inhabitants to . . . — — Map (db m45435) HM
(West Face):
N.S.D.A.R. Memorial
to the
Pioneer Mothers
of the
Covered Wagon Days
(South Face):
Into the primitive west
Face upflung toward the sun
Bravely she came
Her children . . . — — Map (db m45445) HM
First marker on left:
San Felipe de Alburquerque, named for King Phillip V of Spain and the Duke of Alburquerque was, founded in 1706 by Gov. Francisco Cuervo Valdez with 30 families from Bernalillo accompanied by soldiers to protect . . . — — Map (db m119449) HM
(side one)
“Jornada De Paz”
Meaning "Journey of Peace" as the party made their expedition peaceful by not carrying weapons
In 1692 - 12 years following the 1680 Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico, the . . . — — Map (db m45444) HM
On January 26, 1598, amid embraces and farewells, Governor Juan de Oñate left Santa Barbara, in present day Chihuahua, leading an expedition bound for New Mexico. Nearly 600 settlers accompanied him, along with Mexican Indian allies and Franciscan . . . — — Map (db m45443) HM
This tablet is erected in memory of Dr. Robert Hutchings Goddard who here laid the foundations for the science of rocket propulsion. He used this tower from 1930 to 1942 for launching liquid propellant rockets, to develop a means for . . . — — Map (db m167746) HM
San Rafael, formerly know as El Gallo, is located at a spring near the Malpais, the great lave flow to the east. The area was visited by members of Vásquez de Coronado's expedition in 1540. In 1862, it was selected as the original site of Fort . . . — — Map (db m36475) HM
From the early Puebloan people who built their homes atop this rock, to the many explorers and adventurers who carved their names, to modern visitors who travel here looking for the evidence of those who came before, El Morro reflects the history of . . . — — Map (db m163199) HM
Carved into the soft sandstone cuesta before you is a lingering history of the American Southwest. The names of the celebrated, the infamous, the legendary, and the unknown are immortalized side by side where they would otherwise be separated by . . . — — Map (db m163198) HM
The discovery of gold on Baldy Mountain in 1866 brought such a rush of fortune-seekers to the Moreno Valley that “E-town” became a roaring mining camp almost overnight. Because of water and transportation problems, and a decline in ore . . . — — Map (db m45751) HM
Nomadic Indians and countless buffalo herds dominated this vast plain when the Vásquez de Coronado expedition explored it in 1541. Later it was the focus of Comanchero activity, and in the 19th century it became a center for cattle ranching. The . . . — — Map (db m73716) HM
Stagecoaches of the Butterfield Overland Mail Co. began carrying passengers and mail from St. Louis to San Francisco, across southern New Mexico, in 1858. The 2,795-mile journey took 21-22 days. In 1861 the service was re-routed through Salt Lake . . . — — Map (db m6553) HM
Juan de Oñate, first governor of New Mexico, passed near here with his colonizing expedition in May, 1598. Traveling north, he designated official campsites (called parajes) on the Camino Real, used by expeditions that followed. In Oñate's . . . — — Map (db m6549) HM
This stretch of the Camino Real leaves the Ríó Grande and cuts across 90 miles of desert with little water or shelter. Despite its difficulty, the dreaded “Journey of the Deadman” was heavily used by Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo travelers . . . — — Map (db m45083) HM
This paraje, or stopping place, provided travelers along the Camino Real with a final opportunity to water their stock and prepare their caravans before leaving the Rio Grande Valley and entering the desolate Jornada del Muerto. Caravans on . . . — — Map (db m45084) HM
In 1590-91 Gaspar Castaño de Sosa, a Portuguese by birth, took an expedition up the Pecos River in an attempt to establish a colony in New Mexico. His venture was a failure, but it led to a permanent settlement under Don Juan de Oñate in 1598. . . . — — Map (db m61454) HM
Don Antonio de Espejo, leader of the third expedition to explore New Mexico, passed near here on his return to Mexico City in 1583. After learning of the martyrdom of two Franciscan friars from an earlier expedition, he explored the Pueblo country . . . — — Map (db m61472) HM
Named in honor of Lt. W.H. Emory, who passed by here with the Army of the West in 1846. His report to the U.S. Government is the earliest scientific account of this region which then belonged to Mexico.
Elev. 8228 — — Map (db m38210) HM
From the earliest times, surface ore in this area attracted Native Americans who used the natural copper to make ornaments, trade goods, and weapons. In 1799, during the Spanish colonial period, an Apache Indian showed Jose Manuel Carrasco an . . . — — Map (db m157877) HM
Once a lush, grassy cienega ("see-EN-eh-ga") or wetland, this valley has attracted humans for at least a thousand years. Mining activity in the region began in 1804 with Spanish development of the Santa Rita del Cobre mine twelve miles . . . — — Map (db m169745) HM
The Spanish explorer Antonio de Espejo passed through this area in 1583, as did Gaspar Castano de Sosa in 1590. Santa Rosa, the Guadalupe County seat, was laid out on the ranch of Celso Baca y Baca, a politician and rancher in the late 1800s. It was . . . — — Map (db m45894) HM
The Spanish explorer Antonio de Espejo passed through this area in 1583, as did Gaspar Castaño de Sosa in 1590. Santa Rosa, the Guadalupe County seat, was laid out on the ranch of Celso Baca y Baca, a politician and rancher in the late 1800s. It was . . . — — Map (db m45895) HM
The Spanish explorer Antonio de Espejo passed through this area in 1583, as did Gaspar Castaño de Sosa in 1590. Santa Rosa, the Guadalupe County seat, was laid out on the ranch of Celso Baca y Baca, a politician and rancher in the late 1800s. It was . . . — — Map (db m91041) HM
To give gold-seekers another route to California, Capt. Randolph B. Marcy and Lt. James H. Simpson opened a wagon road from Arkansas to New Mexico in 1849. Marcy’s Road, although very popular with the Forty-Niners, still was never as well-traveled . . . — — Map (db m91044) HM
On November 28, 1846 the Mormon Battalion of the U. S. Army West crossed these mountains near this summit enroute to California during the Mexican War. Col. Cooke had dispatched scouts ahead to find the best route. An Indian guide, Charbonneau, . . . — — Map (db m91987) HM
Nomadic Indians and countless buffalo herds dominated the vast plain when the Vasquez de Coronado expedition explored it in 1541. Later it was the focus of Comanchero activity, and in the 19th century it became a center for cattle ranching. The name . . . — — Map (db m61440) HM
One of Lincoln's earliest structures. Built in the 1850's, its thick walls protected Spanish-Americans against the Apaches. In Lincoln Co. War Murphy's sharpshooters were here stationed. In 1937 Chaves County Historical Society undertook restoration . . . — — Map (db m45990) HM
Pancho Villa State Park commemorates the historic Columbus Raid of 1916. Ruins of Camp Furlong, headquarters for General John Pershing's expeditionary force, still exist at the park. The old Columbus Customs Service building has been restored to . . . — — Map (db m81737) HM
In 1846, while leading the Mormon Battalion to California during the Mexican War, Lt. Col. Philip St. George Cooke blazed a wagon road from New Mexico to the West Coast. The potential use of the route for the railroad construction was one of the . . . — — Map (db m38236) HM
Tucumcari Mountain has long been a landmark for travelers along the Canadian River. Pedro Vial mentioned it in 1793, while opening a trail between Santa Fe and St. Louis. In order to find the best route from Arkansas to California, Capt. Randolph . . . — — Map (db m4378) HM
Established on the site of an abandoned Indian pueblo, Abiquiú in the mid-18th century became a settlement of Spaniards and genizaros (Hispanicized Indians). In 1776, explorers Fray Francisco Atanacio Dominguez and Fray Silvestre Vélez de Escalante . . . — — Map (db m73192) HM
In 1829-30, Antonio Armijo traveled from Abiquiú to California to trade for mules, thus extending the Old Spanish Trail and opening it to trade between Santa Fe and Los Angeles. His route turned west, near present-day Abiquiú Dam, to Largo Canyon, . . . — — Map (db m125497) HM
On July 29, 1776, two Franciscans, Fray Francisco Atanasio Dominguez and Fray Silvestre Velez de Escalante set out on horseback on an expedition from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to Monterey, California. The purpose of the expedition was two-fold: to open . . . — — Map (db m73389) HM
On an April evening in 1830, trader Antonio Armijo and a tattered group of men and boys, stubborn pack mules, and wild California horses passed through this area on their way to Santa Fe. Near the end of a hard, dangerous journey, men and animals . . . — — Map (db m184356) HM
Las Vegas served as an important stop on the Santa Fe Trail and later as a major railroad center. Here General Kearny announced the annexation of New Mexico by the U.S. in 1846. In 1862, during the Confederate occupation of Santa Fe, Las Vegas . . . — — Map (db m45887) HM
The Pueblo Indian province of Tiguex, in the area of Bernalillo, served as winter headquarters for Francisco Vásquez de Coronado in 1540-42 during his explorations of the Southwest. Bernalillo was founded after the Spanish reconquest of New Mexico . . . — — Map (db m45440) HM
Among the many prehistoric and historic sites located nearby is a camp where Francisco Vasquez de Coronado’s troops may have spent the winter of 1540-41. Coronado also visited the ancient pueblo of Kuaua located to the north. Kuaua’s ruins are . . . — — Map (db m45439) HM
In 1541 an expedition from the army of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, New Mexico's first explorer, marched south 80 leagues to investigate the pueblos along the lower Rio Grande. The group reached that part of the infamous Jornada del Muerto, now . . . — — Map (db m32826) HM
… where you will experience the tri-cultural story of New Mexico, a history of the Indians, the Spanish, and the Anglos each altering this landscape in their efforts to obtain turquoise, lead, silver, and more.
Indians mined nearby . . . — — Map (db m70565) HM
Spanish explorers found several Tano-speaking pueblos in the Galisteo Basin in 1540. They were among the leaders of the Pueblo Revolt in 1680. 150 Tano families were eventually resettled in Galisteo Pueblo in 1706. Droughts, famine, Comanche raids, . . . — — Map (db m64819) HM
Seeking to expand the domain of the King of Spain in 1540, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led an expedition of over 1,000 men and women north from Mexico into what is now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. The Spanish explorers, in . . . — — Map (db m76166) HM
When the Declaration of Independence was signed, Santa Fe was already 166 years old. English and American explorers and traders replaced the French as a source of concern to Spanish officials in New Mexico. The successful American War of . . . — — Map (db m76238) HM
1788
Juan Lucero, a militia officer, frontiersman and one of New Mexico's
soldados de cuero (leather clad soldiers) made 13 trips to the plains
between 1788 and 1819. He explored the Texas panhandle, the Arkansas
River valley and . . . — — Map (db m182409) HM
Don Juan Bautista de Anza, outstanding Spanish governor of New Mexico (1776–1787), explored a new road from Santa Fe to Arispe, Sonora, in 1780. This plaque is placed in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of that historic journey.
Don . . . — — Map (db m76950) HM
Santa Fe, the oldest capital city in the United States, was established in 1610 as the seat of the Spanish colonial government for the Province of New Mexico. The Palace of the Governors, used by the Spanish, Mexican, and Territorial governors, has . . . — — Map (db m45575) HM
This section of the Camino Real is called the Jornada del Muerto or Deadman’s Journey after the tragic fate of German trader Bernardo Gruber, El Alemán. In 1670 the Inquisition accused him of witchcraft. He escaped and attempted to cross ninety . . . — — Map (db m187520) HM
In 1581, Capitán Francisco Sánchez Chamuscado took possession of this region for the King of Spain, naming it the Province of San Felipe. Significant European settlement of the area, however, did not occur until the mid-1800s. Once called Hot . . . — — Map (db m45108) HM
In 1581, Capitan Franciso Sanchez Chamuscado took possession of this region for the King of Spain naming it Ojo de Zoquete (mud spring) in the province of San Felipe. Native Americans first used these springs for healing; in early 20th century, . . . — — Map (db m242470) HM
The Camino Real wound its way below the black basaltic buttes of San Acacia, seen to the southeast. Named Acomilla, or Acomita (little Acoma) by the Spanish, these buttes form the walls of a narrow passage for the Rio Grande, along which hostile . . . — — Map (db m45215) HM
The Camino Real passed near here below the bluffs on the east bank of the Rio Grande. Apache raids prevented permanent Spanish settlement of this area until the early 1800s, when the village of Sabino was established on the east bank of the river . . . — — Map (db m45178) HM
In 1582 and 1583, Antonio de Espejo and his party followed the Rio Grande north to the Bernalillo area. Espejo was trying to learn the fate of two Franciscan friars who stayed with the Pueblo Indians after the Rodriquez – Sanchez/Chamuscado . . . — — Map (db m68057) HM
Established in the mid 1600s, the mission of San Antonio de Senecú was the last outpost on the Camino Real before the Mesilla Valley to the south. Around 1820 Hispano settlers from the north re-occupied the area after the Pueblo Revolt. Conrad . . . — — Map (db m45172) HM
The mountain range seen along the east bank of the Rio Grande is named after Father Cristobal de Salazar of the 1598 Juan de Oñate expedition. The northern edge of the twenty-one mile range is said to resemble the profile of the good friar. This . . . — — Map (db m45132) HM
In 1598, Juan de Oñate's Spanish colonization expedition arrived here at the Piro Indian Pueblo of Pilabo, They renamed it Socorro owning to the food and shelter provided by Pilabo's inhabitants. The pueblo and its Spanish mission were destroyed . . . — — Map (db m45177) HM
In 1541 an expedition from the army of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, New Mexico’s first explorer, marched south 80 leagues to investigate the pueblos along the lower Río Grande. The group reached that part of the infamous Jornada del Muerto, now . . . — — Map (db m45129) HM
Front of Marker
In 1598 the first Spanish settlers in New Mexico traveled up the Camino Real from north-central Mexico. Of the 560 people so far identified on that expedition, at least 20 percent were women. They came on foot, on wagons or . . . — — Map (db m45131) HM
A Registered Cultural Property Kit Carson House Built in 1825 Purchased by Kit Carson in 1843 for his bride, Josefa Jaramillo of Taos. Carson was a famous mountain man, scout, army officer and Indian agent. Site no. 8 . . . — — Map (db m236618) HM
In 1692, after having been driven from New Mexico by the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Spanish began to re-establish their rule. In one of the last battles of the reconquest, in September 1696, Governor Diego de Vargas defeated the Indians of Taos . . . — — Map (db m45737) HM
Christopher "Kit" Carson was born on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1809, in Richmond, Kentucky. He left home at an early age and became an
adept trapper and scout using the knowledge he learned from the many Native American tribes he encountered in . . . — — Map (db m236616) HM
Named in honor of Major George Montague Wheeler (1832-1909) who for ten years led a party of surveyors and Naturalists collecting geologic, biologic, planimetric, and topographic data in New Mexico and six other southwestern states. — — Map (db m50743) HM
In the fall of 1540, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado's army traveled from Zuni to his chosen winter headquarters in the Tiguex province on the Rio Grande. Here the advance guard of the army followed the river from the Isleta area to Alcanfor, a . . . — — Map (db m238888) HM
