The Alachua County Training School was built at this location as the first school for blacks in the City of Alachua in 1922. In 1920, a delegation of courageous black men from Alachua led by Jack Postell, who could neither read nor write, . . . — — Map (db m151120) HM
Bland Community and Ogden School
Settled in the 1840s by cotton planters from Georgia and South Carolina, Bland became a diverse agrarian area where farmers and sharecroppers raised cattle and grew cotton and a variety of fruits and . . . — — Map (db m64715) HM
Side 1
The Bethlehem Methodist Episcopal Church and Cemetery of Archer were established in 1873. The Rev. Major Reddick donated the land, which was part of a parcel awarded to him through the 1862 Homestead Act. Church trustees were Romeo . . . — — Map (db m236679) HM
Side 1
African American families living in rural unincorporated Archer used the burial ground that would later become St. Peter Cemetery since before the end of the U.S. period of legalized slavery. Following the abolition of slavery, freed . . . — — Map (db m209527) HM
Wilson Robinson, Sr., was a native of Archer, born on May 27, 1927. Mr. Robinson spent much of his life working to improve the community.
He was a founder of the Archer Community Progressive Organization and the Archer Day Care Center, and was . . . — — Map (db m209674) HM
Earleton is named for General Elias B. Earle (1821-1893) who received government land grants in Florida for his service in the U.S./Mexican War (1846-48). Born into a prominent South Carolina family, Gen. Earle fought in the Palmetto Regiment, . . . — — Map (db m41263) HM
The Chestnut family in Gainesville has served the mortuary needs of the African American community in Alachua County since 1914. Charles S. Chestnut, Sr. was a founding member of the Florida Morticians Association in the early 1900s. The business . . . — — Map (db m110984) HM
The campaign to desegregate Florida's universities began in 1949 when six African Americans were denied admission to the University of Florida and the NAACP sued. Over the next nine years the case was heard in state and federal courts, including the . . . — — Map (db m200033) HM
Born in 1842 to slave parents in Winchester, Va., little is known of Josiah T. Walls' early life. After a short term of Confederate service, he enlisted in the Third Regiment, U.S. Colored Troops in 1863. Transferred to Picolata on the St. Johns . . . — — Map (db m55400) HM
Lynching in America
Between 1882 and 1930, Florida had one of the highest per capita lynching rates in the United States, with Alachua County ranked near the top. After the Civil War, the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution . . . — — Map (db m207585) HM
Lynching in America
After the Civil War, constitutional rights were granted to Black people ensuring equal protection and voting. Many white leaders responded to the emancipation of Black people by violently seeking to maintain racial, . . . — — Map (db m186407) HM
Mount Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church was founded on July 16, 1867, with the Reverend Isaac Davis serving as the first pastor. The Board of Trustees of the oldest black congregation in Gainesville purchased the lot on which the present church . . . — — Map (db m55606) HM
The congregation of the Mt. Carmel Baptist Church first met on May 4, 1896. The church’s original members worshipped in the St. Paul CME Church, and together the congregations bought a parcel of land in 1900 to build a new church. Its construction . . . — — Map (db m110982) HM
The Mt. Pleasant Cemetery was established c. 1883 by the Mt. Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church as a final resting place for its members and other African Americans in the city of Gainesville. Founded in 1867, the church purchased the 5.38-acre . . . — — Map (db m166853) HM
(side 1)
In 1857, David Rogerson Williams II (1822-1907) of Darlington Co., SC, purchased 1,000 acres, including this site bordering Paynes Prarie, and developed them as a plantation known as "Serenola." The 1860 census shows 120 slaves . . . — — Map (db m67687) HM
Shady Grove Primitive Baptist Church is a landmark in Porters Quarters, one of Gainesville’s oldest and most historic African-American neighborhoods. Dr. Watson Porter, a Canadian physician, established Porters addition to Gainesville in 1884 and . . . — — Map (db m150690) HM
This site, known locally as the ballpark, was the center of recreational activities in Gainesville for more than 60 years. From 1883-1910 Gainesville’s Oak Hall baseball team played here against teams from Florida and the Southeast. The Oak Halls . . . — — Map (db m150706) HM
A. Quinn Jones, Sr. (1893-1997), prominent African-American teacher, educational leader, and advocate, lived here from 1925 to 1997. The home, built ca, 1920, is a one-story frame bungalow set on brick piers. Jones’ career, spanning the segregation . . . — — Map (db m233743) HM
Side 1
In 1853, planters Daniel Scott and Daniel Finley of Fairfield, South Carolina, bought 2,664 acres of land here for $6,743, and in 1854 Scott was taxed on 1,400 acres and 30 enslaved people. In 1855, Scott and Finley purchased 54 . . . — — Map (db m110525) HM
Residents of High Springs saw the need for a public school for African Americans in 1886. By 1902, black students moved into the Red Schoolhouse, a two-story wood frame building previously constructed as a school for whites. White students moved . . . — — Map (db m151376) HM
Lynching in America
Between 1877 and 1950, thousands of African Americans were the victims of lynching and racial violence in the United States. Florida had one of the highest per capita lynching rates in the nation, with dozens of racial . . . — — Map (db m186426) HM
Side 1
On August 19, 1916, African Americans living in the Jonesville and Newberry communities were lynched. At 2:00 a.m., Constable George Wynne, Dr. L.G. Harris, and G.H. Blount drove to Boisey Long's home in Jonesville to serve a warrant and . . . — — Map (db m135956) HM
Elisha Greene arrived in Baker County on Christmas Day in 1830, leading the first wagon train of pioneer settlers.
Acting as advance scouts were William and Mose Barber, and other men acting as scouts.
Others traveling in the train were the . . . — — Map (db m206950) HM
Lee's Gulf Service Station which later changed to Lee's BP was owned by Edward Lee, Sr. This was a very successful business and allowed both blacks and whites to purchase fuel and associated supplies within the community.
Dan Lee says, "Each . . . — — Map (db m245081) HM
The Lincoln Theater, opened by the Bailey Theater chain in November 1950, stood as one of the last bastions of "colored theaters" where African Americans could enjoy movies and entertainment during a time of segregation. Operating until 1957, it . . . — — Map (db m245087) HM
Side 1
In 1913, Jewish philanthropist and Sears, Roebuck and Company chairman, Julius Rosenwald, joined African American rights activist Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute to help support a project to design and . . . — — Map (db m192362) HM
After moving to Panama City Florida in late 1947 Morise and Clera opened Russ Shoe Shop at 1107 Cove Blvd. in 1949. Their shoe repair business was to become a pillar of the Glenwood community. About 1960, the Russ family built a new building next . . . — — Map (db m245084) HM
Anderson's Service Station, owned and operated by Willie and Bertha Anderson, and was open six days a week from 1939 to 1985. Truly a family business, the Andersons daughters Peggy, Ruth, Barbara, Dannie and Willie, Jr., all worked at the station. A . . . — — Map (db m245122) HM
Time and service have honored the name of Battle Funeral Home since 1933. In Phenix City, Alabama in February of 1933 W. C. Battle, Sr. embarked upon the funeral industry. To this day, Battle & Battle funeral Home continues to service the families . . . — — Map (db m245120) HM
Medal of Honor recipient Melvin Morris was born in Okmulgee, Okla. January 7, 1942. Sergeant First Class Morris (U.S. Army-Retired) and family settled in Brevard County in December 1990. On March 18, 2014, the President of the United States of . . . — — Map (db m146008) HM WM
Allen Chapel A.M.E. Church was organized in the 19th century, in the dining room of Wright and Mary Brothers home on Crane Creek, facing the northwest of Lipscomb street. The house is still standing. The organizers, in addition to the Brothers, . . . — — Map (db m242675) HM
Many acres in this area were originally owned by Peter Wright a black man and one of the first settlers of this area. He sold his property to Thomas Mason, an English recluse, who later sold the property to Richard W. Goode for $110.
The . . . — — Map (db m50309) HM
This long-lost cemetery was uncovered in 1980 when area residents pruned back the dense undergrowth and cleared trash to find two tombstones: those of Alice Chambers who died in 1905 and John H. Whitfield, who died in 1901. A few months later, Boy . . . — — Map (db m234908) HM
The William H. Gleason House was built around 1884 by William Henry Gleason (c. 1830-1902) and his wife Sarah Griffin Gleason. Gleason came to Florida in 1866 with his wife and two sons from Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and settled in Dade County. In . . . — — Map (db m63911) HM
Established in 1892, the Bethel A.M.E. Church of Merritt Island was the first African Methodist Episcopal church on North Tropical Trail, located on land James R. Ragan originally acquired through the Homestead Act in 1895. The wooden church sat on . . . — — Map (db m101067) HM
Dennis Sawyer Memorial Park was established in 1956 when R.V. and Hazel Woods deeded three acres of land for use as an African American cemetery. It was originally managed by Greater Mount Olive AME Church, but years later, the cemetery deteriorated . . . — — Map (db m192604) HM
Before the Clifton Schoolhouse was built, Butler Campbell and Andrew Jackson’s children were home schooled by a black teacher, Mr. Mahaffey. The teacher was paid five dollars for each student, after examination by the County School Superintendent. . . . — — Map (db m107986) HM
Edwin Dennis Sawyer (1874-1964) was born in the Bahamas, the second child of freed slave Alfred Sawyer. From age 18-25, Dennis worked on a ship and then in Ft. Pierce as a fisherman. In 1898, after moving to Cocoa, he married Rebecca Dallas. The . . . — — Map (db m192603) HM
The 99th Flying Training Squadron flies Raytheon T-1 Jayhawks and they painted the tops of the tails of their aircraft red, in honor of the Tuskegee Airmen the “Red Tails”. The 99th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 12th Flying Training . . . — — Map (db m178780) HM
The 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education ended with a Supreme Court decision that helped lead to the desegregation of schools throughout America. Prior to the ruling, African-American children in Topeka, Kansas were denied access to all-white . . . — — Map (db m179773) HM
Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (July 10, 1875-May 18, 1955), Mary McLeod Bethune rose from poverty to become one of the nation’s most distinguished African leaders and the most prominent Black woman of her time. Her life encompassed three different . . . — — Map (db m179783) HM
Zora Neale Hurston was born on Jan. 7, 1891, in Notasulga, Alabama, Hurston moved with her family to Eatonville, Florida, when she was still a toddler. Her writings revel no recollection of her Alabama beginnings. For Hurston, Eatonville was always . . . — — Map (db m179368) HM
On Aug. 20, 1955, Emmett Till, a 14-year old Black youth from Chicago arrived in Money, Mississippi by train, along with a cousin, 16-year old Wheeler Parker Jr. They had accompanied Till’s great uncle and Parker’s grandfather, Moses Wright, who . . . — — Map (db m179240) HM
On May 4, 1961, a group of 13 African-American and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The Freedom Riders, who were . . . — — Map (db m178972) HM
In 1894, after organizing a congregation, St. James Colored Missionary Baptist Church acquired land in Mims, and with Rev. G. Brewer as pastor, built the first wooden church on this site in 1904 under the guidance of Rev. J.S. Gilbert. Many of North . . . — — Map (db m101402) HM
The Greensboro Sit-Ins were non-violent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, which lasted from February 1, 1960 to July 25, 1960. The protests led to the Woolworth Department Store chain ending its policy of racial segregation in its stores in . . . — — Map (db m177919) HM
The July 16, 1949, a 17-year-old white woman and her estranged husband reported to police that she had been abducted at approximately 2:30 a.m., driven approximately 25 minutes to a dead-end road, and raped by four black men. By the end of the . . . — — Map (db m179835) HM
This property is the former homesite of civil rights activists Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore, two people whose lives were committed to help Florida’s Negro communities unite to form a collective identity. Mr. Moore was a Brevard County educator . . . — — Map (db m177798) HM
The Civil Rights Movement in Florida began with the early work and untimely death of Harry T. Moore, an African-American civil rights worker in Brevard County. Harry Tyson Moore was a teacher, a principal, and civil rights worker. He became the . . . — — Map (db m177877) HM
Born February 11, 1920 at Pensacola, Florida, he learned to fly while attending Tuskegee Institute and after graduation in 1942, continued civilian flight training until he received appointment as a Cadet in the Army Air Corps in January 1943. He . . . — — Map (db m177987) HM
Juneteenth (short for “June Nineteenth”) marks the day when federal troops arrived in Galveston, Texas in 1865 to take control of the state and ensure that all enslaved people be freed. The troops’ arrival came a full two and a half years after the . . . — — Map (db m180399) HM
In the early 1900s, a two acre parcel of land north of LaGrange Community Church and Cemetery was given to the Mims colored community for a cemetery. Earliest marked graves are dated 1903; many are unmarked. In the 1800s both blacks and whites . . . — — Map (db m101403) HM
The Little Rock Nine, Ernest Green (b. 1941), Elizabeth Eckford (b. 1942), Jefferson Thomas (1942-2010), Terrence Roberts (b. 1941), Carlotta Walls LaNier (b. 1942), Minnijean Brown (b. 1941), Gloria Ray Karlmark (b.1942), Thema Morthershed (b. . . . — — Map (db m183403) HM
On 28 August 1963, more than 200,000 demonstrators took part in a march on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in the nation’s capital. The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong civil rights bill . . . — — Map (db m178197) HM
Medgar Evers (July 2, 1925 – June 12, 1963), civil rights activist, was born Medgar Wiley Evers in Decatur, Mississippi, the son of James Evers, a sawmill worker, and Jessie Wright, a domestic worker. After graduating from Alcorn, Evers spent . . . — — Map (db m178793) HM
On November 7, 1861, Union forces attacked two Confederate forts and the Sea Islands of South Carolina near Port Royal. “The Battle of Port Royal” later drove Confederate forces to retreat to the mainland. One island, Hilton Head Island, immediately . . . — — Map (db m178135) HM
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 formed by Mary White Ovington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Archibald Grimke, Henry Moskowitz, Oswald . . . — — Map (db m177876) HM
The Ocoee massacre was a violent race riot that broke out on November 2, 1920, the day of the quadrennial U.S. Presidential election in Ocoee, Florida, African-American-owned buildings and residences in northern Ocoee were burned to the ground, . . . — — Map (db m178413) HM
Civil rights activists Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus spurred a city-wide boycott. The City of Montgomery had no choice but lift . . . — — Map (db m177878) HM
On January 1, 1923 a massacre was carried out in a small, predominantly Black town of Rosewood in Central Florida. The massacre was instigated by the rumor that a white woman, Fanny Taylor, had been sexually assaulted by a black man in her home . . . — — Map (db m179269) HM
On May 26, 1956, two female students from Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU), Wilhelmina Jakes and Carrie Patterson, sat down in the “whites only” section of a segregated bus in the city of Tallahassee. When they refused to . . . — — Map (db m177912) HM
Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908-January 24, 1993), the great-grandson of slaves, was the first African-American justice appointed to the United States Supreme Court. Where he served from 1967 to 1991. Earlier in his career, Marshall was a . . . — — Map (db m179223) HM
It was August 27, 1960, a day that became known as “Ax Handle Saturday.” The violent attack was in response to peaceful lunch counter demonstrations organized by the Jacksonville Youth Council of the National Association for the Advancement of . . . — — Map (db m181942) HM
Virgil D. Hawkins, who waged a 28-year battle to practice law in Florida and helped break the color barrier at the University of Florida Law School, died Thursday after a long illness. He was 81 years old. Mr. Hawkins, who was born in Okahumpka, . . . — — Map (db m179234) HM
Voting Rights Act, U.S. legislation (August 6, 1965) that aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment (1870 )to the Constitution . . . — — Map (db m178361) HM
In the days of public advocacy against segregation and prejudice could mean lynching and shooting, Harry T. Moore was a true Florida leader. As State NAACP Executive Secretary, he founded the Brevard NAACP Branch and organized more than 77 new . . . — — Map (db m196317) HM
On Silver Wings Of
Hope And Pride, They
Overcame Adversity Both
At Home And Abroad
Through Courage,
Commitment & Competence
To Achieve A Record
Never To Be Excelled. — — Map (db m115432) WM
Following temporary sites on Washington Avenue in 1883 and Dummitt Avenue in 1886, the Titusville Negro School was located on this site in 1915; it housed grades 1-8. The original building was burned in 1931, and a new eight-classroom frame building . . . — — Map (db m67691) HM
African Americans living in South Florida in the earlier part of the 20th century drove from as far away as Palm Beach and Miami to use Fort Lauderdale’s beaches, but met with significant resistance from oceanfront property owners. On May 14, 1946, . . . — — Map (db m127513) HM
The Saint Ruth Missionary Baptist Church was organized in 1908 by the late Charlie Chambers and a few other faithful souls in Modello, Florida. The Church was named Saint Ruth in honor of Brother Charie Chamber's daughter, Ruth. The first place of . . . — — Map (db m146518) HM
Born in the Bahamas in 1898, Branhilda Richardson Knowles immigrated to the Deerfield Beach area in 1922. Knowles was trained as a midwife, and due to Jim Crow era segregation, helped deliver babies for the African American community in Deerfield . . . — — Map (db m157662) HM
The settlement of Deerfield was founded on the southeast coast of Florida with the coming of Henry Flagler’s Florida East Coast Railroad in 1896. In 1902, two Methodist missionaries began holding religious services for the community. These early . . . — — Map (db m100392) HM
On July 4, 1961, local NAACP president Eula Johnson and black physician Dr. Von D. Mizell began a series of nationally publicized "wade-ins" of Fort Lauderdale beaches. Johnson, Mizell, a third black adult, and four black college students . . . — — Map (db m48852) HM
During racial segregation, Fort Lauderdale's African American community was restricted to the northwest quadrant of the city. Recognizing a need in this area, the Christian Pallbearer's Association founded North Woodlawn Cemetery in 1926, most . . . — — Map (db m145503) HM
The Greater Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church was established in 1909 by Sister Lougenia Johnson and Sister Missouri Wilson conducting Sunday School under a rubber tree. In 1910 Rev. A.T. Taylor, his wife, and Sister Lula Mack joined the group and . . . — — Map (db m100359) HM
"To God Be The Glory For All Of The Great Things He Has Done"
In 1902 a mustard seed was planted in the community, and with God's blessing a group known as the "Pioneers" established the first church, which blossomed the dream into a reality. . . . — — Map (db m100395) HM
St. Anne's Episcopal Church was established in 1914 by Melbourne Knowles, Ansel Saunders and A.L. Wilkins, all hailing from the Islands of the Bahamas. The first church services were held in a wooden building located on the corner of what in now . . . — — Map (db m100397) HM
(Side 1)
The first school for Pompano Beach’s African American students was a two-room wooden building that was destroyed in the 1926 Great Miami hurricane. Classes were held in the Psalters Temple AME Church until a new schoolhouse could . . . — — Map (db m137400) HM
The Hickory Bluff Cemetery was established in the late 1800s, adjacent to land purchased on June 2, 1884 by July Roberts, an early African-American settler. Initial burials began following the Civil War when freed African-Americans settled in the . . . — — Map (db m128325) HM
The Southland Trail Cemetery, believed to be a non-white cemetery, serves as the final resting place for an undisclosed number of leased convict laborers, blacks and possibly 18th century Spanish-Indian fishermen. The age of the cemetery is unknown; . . . — — Map (db m151056) HM
Lt. Carl Bailey Cemetery has served this area’s African-American community as a final resting place for over 120 years. The cemetery was called the Cleveland Cemetery, established in the 1880s on land owned by New York investor W. Irving Scott. The . . . — — Map (db m151119) HM
Plans to build the railroad depot in Punta Gorda began in 1928. Although the trains carried passengers, the main purpose was for shipping fish to northern markets. The Punta Gorda depot is the only remaining one of this style built by the Atlantic . . . — — Map (db m167353) HM
Adapting to Life in the Cove Necessities of Life Before the Seminole were forced to move to the Cove, they were farmers and ranchers who lived in sturdy log homes and based their wealth on large herds of cattle and extensive crops. Unlike the . . . — — Map (db m132276) HM
Here stood the childhood home of Augusta Savage (1892-1962), a gifted sculptor who fought poverty and racism to become a leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance. The seventh of 14 children born to Edward and Cornelia Fells, Augusta taught herself . . . — — Map (db m211859) HM
Originally from Indiana, Dr. Joseph W. Applegate moved to Florida after the Civil War to work with the Freedmen's Bureau at Magnolia Springs. He later partnered with John H. Harris to operate the Clarendon Hotel (c. 1871) in Green Cove Springs. By . . . — — Map (db m135555) HM
Situated on the site of Camp Blanding, between Sandhill and Brooklyn lakes, are the remnants of Magnolia Lake State Park. A relic from the time of segregation, Magnolia Lake was built to provide separate facilities to serve African American . . . — — Map (db m135964) HM
The 1885 Florida Constitution mandated the segregated education of black and white students in public schools. In 1891, the American Missionary Association (AMA) opened the private Orange Park Normal and Industrial School at this site to educate . . . — — Map (db m150638) HM
Fort Mose (pronounced “Moh-Say") was a plastered earthen fort located approximately 3 miles north of St. Augustine. It was established to protect the small, free-black settlement of Gracia Real Santa Teresa de Mose.
When the British . . . — — Map (db m178728) HM
Black Floridians served with distinction and dedication on both sides during that fratricidal conflict. Indeed, there are several instances of Black Floridians, brothers, serving in both the Union and Confederate Armies.
Many of those . . . — — Map (db m178724) HM
The first muster of militia troops in the continental United States took place on 16 September 1565 in the newly established Spanish presidio of St. Augustine. Both free and slave Africans served with the original occupation and settlement force . . . — — Map (db m178740) HM
With America’s armed forces completely integrated, the history of Black Floridian military service to this country cannot be separated from that of other citizens.
When the country called, citizens responded in varying degrees of fervor. . . . — — Map (db m178690) HM
The Medal of Honor is the highest military award for personal bravery or self-sacrifice that can be given to any individual in the United States of America. It has only been awarded 3,428 times in the nation’s history.
Adam Paine . . . — — Map (db m179329) HM WM
Little known or appreciated is the fact that persons of African origin and heritage have served the military needs of Florida for more than four hundred years. Men and women of African origin have been an important, and essential part of Florida’s . . . — — Map (db m178183) HM WM
During the period of the American Revolution, Florida was occupied by the British and was a Loyalist colony during the war. The colony raised a regiment of East Florida Rangers consisting of nine companies, at least one of which was entirely . . . — — Map (db m178725) HM
Thousands of black Floridians served their country during the First World War in the U.S. Army and Navy. They performed a variety of functions from stevedores to combat engineers, infantry to sailors, and in a number of medical roles.
Several . . . — — Map (db m178720) HM
Although still segregated, America’s armed forces were comprised of more than 100,000 Black Floridians serving around the world. As depicted in this panel, they served in all branches of the service and in many roles within each branch. Black . . . — — Map (db m178700) HM WM
Side 1
African American education in Columbia County dates to Reconstruction when the first school was established in 1866 for freed people of color in the county. In 1906, the Lake City School for Colored Students was created under the . . . — — Map (db m202818) HM
(obverse)
The town of Nocatee originated as a lumber manufacturing town during the 1880s. During the late 19th century. two businesses stimulated the town's growth. One was the King Lumber and Manufacturing Company, established by W.G. . . . — — Map (db m211953) HM
Bessie Coleman was the first African-American female to become a pilot, and the first African-American to hold an international pilot license.
She was born in Texas in 1892. After hearing stories of American airmen returning from World War I, . . . — — Map (db m237315) HM
In 1888 Oliver H. P. Champlin, a native of New York, platted the community of Eggleston and solicited religious settlers from New Jersey to come to Florida. He named his community Eggleston after his wife's family. Street names that still exist . . . — — Map (db m238171) HM
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