In 1912, State Librarian Lola Chávez de Armijo filed a gender discrimination law suit after the governor sought to replace her by court order, claiming that as a woman, she was unqualified to hold office under the constitution and laws of New . . . — — Map (db m45333) HM
Dr. Gonzales was a pioneer in bilingual and bicultural education. She developed educational materials for students in New Mexico and Latin America and trained teachers in the curriculum. Born in Pecos, “Lola” taught in the area for . . . — — Map (db m45227) HM
Designed as a residence for her husband and family, this Tudor Revival brick building was constructed in 1909.
Site No. 522
A Registered Cultural Property
State of New Mexico — — Map (db m236282) HM
Doña Elena Gallegos was a daughter of early seventeenth - century Hispanic colonists, Antonio Gallegos and Catalina Baca. They fled New Mexico with their newborn daughter during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, and she returned in 1693 with two brothers . . . — — Map (db m124926) HM
(West Face):
N.S.D.A.R. Memorial
to the
Pioneer Mothers
of the
Covered Wagon Days
(South Face):
Into the primitive west
Face upflung toward the sun
Bravely she came
Her children . . . — — Map (db m45445) HM
Dr. Sophie Aberle, a noted anthropologist, lived in this adobe-style house. Named the "Measuring Lady" by the people she worked with, her research focused on Puebloan women's lives, including pregnancy, childbirth, childcare, diet, and healing. As . . . — — Map (db m120168) HM
A Registered Cultural Property
State of New Mexico
Designed in 1930 by Beula Fleming, among the first female architects in New Mexico, this Spanish Pueblo Revival house contributes to the Monte Vista and College View Historic . . . — — Map (db m235670) HM
The Honorable Mary Coons Walters
(1922 - 2001)
Ms. Walters, who was a transport pilot during World War II, was the only woman in her UNM law school class when she graduated at age 40. She served on the state Court of Appeals and as a . . . — — Map (db m45331) HM
In February 1706 several families participated in the founding of Albuquerque but the names of only 22 are preserved in the historical record. Within those families were many women honored as being founders of La Villa San Felipe de . . . — — Map (db m45230) HM
Harvey Girls
In 1883, the Fred Harvey Company hired women to serve in its diners and hotels along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Thousands of respectable, intelligent women were recruited from the Midwest and East Coast to come . . . — — Map (db m45326) HM
Attorney, public servant, and activist, Graciela Olivárez was a high school dropout who became the first woman graduate of Notre Dame Law School where an award is presented each year in her name. She led national anti-poverty efforts and ensured . . . — — Map (db m45225) HM
"Everybody should be required by law to come to New Mexico to get a taste of humanity. I was born in, New Mexico (Dawson), and this is where I developed my philosophy of social justice," said Delores Huerta April 1, 2017, at the re-naming of the . . . — — Map (db m186080) HM
(English:)
Captain Cristobal Baca and Don Pedro Gomez Duran y Chavez arrive in San Gabriel colony from Mexico City.
Our story might begin with Josefa Baca, a bold young woman who bought the land on which you are . . . — — Map (db m187794) HM
Josefa Baca
c.1685-1746
Josefa Baca, a descendant of colonists arriving in 1600, acquired the Sitio de San Ysidro de Pajarito, which included a hacienda and large tract of land south of present-day Albuquerque. Establishing a ranch with . . . — — Map (db m185523) HM
Juliana Gutierrez y Chaves Hubbell
1833-1839
Juliana was a member of two prominent early Spanish families in New Mexico and a descendant of Josefa Baca, the original owner of the land comprising present-day Pajarito. In 1849, at the age . . . — — Map (db m188222) HM
Ada McPherson Morley ran a ranch outside of Datil, New Mexico where she raised three children, including Agnes Morley Cleaveland. A crusader for women's rights, she opposed the infamous Santa Fe Ring, worked for women's suffrage for over thirty . . . — — Map (db m103064) HM
One of the first female radio stars in the 1930s, Louise's career spanned from 1918-1950. Her recordings in English and Spanish sold millions of copies. Heading the Roswell-based group, Louise Massey and the Westerners, she became known . . . — — Map (db m73454) HM
Educated at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania under the U.S. policy of acculturating Indian children through school and removal from their homelands, Susie was instrumental in bringing education back to Laguna. A lifelong teacher, oral . . . — — Map (db m36519) HM
Matilda Coxe Stevenson was the first female anthropologist to study the Native Americans of New Mexico. Her research focused on the religious practices of indigenous peoples, particularly of the Zuni, and on the lives of native women and children. . . . — — Map (db m163186) HM
Women of the Santa Fe Trail
The Women of the Santa Fe Trail endured untold hardships traveling across the Great Plains. In 1829, six Hispanic women were the first known female travelers going east on the trail. In 1832, Mary Donoho was . . . — — Map (db m107280) HM
This is a two sided markerSide A:
Estella García
Estella García taught colcha embroidery at Melrose, New Mexico, for the Federal Arts Program in the 1930s. Anglo and Hispana women in Garcia's class collaborated to . . . — — Map (db m73703) HM
This site, named after the legendary woman, Doña Ana, is first mentioned as a paraje along the Camino Real. Spanish rested near here as they retreated from New Mexico following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. The community was founded in 1843 as the Doña . . . — — Map (db m38178) HM
The name of the county Doña Ana originates from Doña Ana Robledo, who died near here while fleeing south with other settlers during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. She was buried below the peak that now bears her surname in the Robledo Mountains, so named . . . — — Map (db m38176) HM
Punished for not speaking English in school, María Gutiérrez Spencer devoted her life to validating the Indo-Hispano experience. A graduate of University of California, Berkeley and New Mexico State University, she pioneered bilingual and bicultural . . . — — Map (db m89687) HM
Dedicated
to the
Spirit of the Pioneer Woman
Sculptor: Robert Summers
Foundry: Eagle Bronze
First Lady of Artesia is approximately 12 feet tall and 6 feet in diameter. The artist designed Sallie Chisum from several photographs . . . — — Map (db m73436) HM
“They rode out over the country in a Model T Ford. When they came to what felt like the right spot she said, ‘Stop here,’ and that's where they drilled the well. She kept up pretty well with Dad's business. Dad had some failures and she didn't . . . — — Map (db m235363) HM
Sallie was 19 when she arrived from Texas at her Uncle John Chisum’s Jinglebob Land and Livestock Company ranch south of Roswell. Her ranching skills rivaled those of the cowboys she joined driving cattle up her uncle’s Goodnight-Loving Trail to . . . — — Map (db m235270) HM
The Illinois State #3 was the first commercial oil well drilled in Southeast New Mexico and the first on state-owned lands in New Mexico.
The oil sand, or "pay," was drilled into on April 9, 1924. At some time in late April or May, the well . . . — — Map (db m235360) HM
[Top]
has been placed on the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior
1908
[Bottom]
Sallie Chisum Robert House
Built of cast-stone, this house was erected in . . . — — Map (db m235341) HM
After eight failed negotiating sessions and the expiration of their labor contract, Mexican-American workers at nearby Empire Zinc mine struck for wage and benefit equality. When an injunction prohibited union members from picketing, the women - . . . — — Map (db m38229) HM
With the arrival of the railroads in 1898, the Santa Rita Mining Company was able to make a number of major technological advances to mine and process copper ore. The Santa Rita Mining Company was the first to start mining after the arrival of the . . . — — Map (db m157895) HM
This is a two-sided marker
Front Side:
Anita Scott Coleman’s mother was a slave and her father a Buffalo Soldier. Raised on a ranch near Silver City, her award-winning essays, stories, and poems emphasized racial pride and black women’s . . . — — Map (db m121818) HM
A renewed appreciation for our history revitalizes downtown Silver City. From Main Street to dump to riverside park, the colorful history of the Big Ditch is now embraced and celebrated. From Dump to Oasis For most of the 20th century, the Big . . . — — Map (db m169779) HM
This Pueblo Revival style building has served as the GFWC social and volunteer center since 1936.
Site No. 1830
A Registered Cultural Property
State of New Mexico — — Map (db m38304) HM
(Front): Emma Marble Muir (1873–1959)
Rita Wells Hill (1901–1985)
Janaloo Hill Hough (1939–2005)
Emma Marble Muir arrived at the mining town of Shakespeare in 1882. She and her daughter, Rita Wells Muir, learned . . . — — Map (db m38246) HM
Having arrived earlier from Texas with a Master’s degree and a dedication to teaching African-American students, Myrtle Attaway Farquhar accepted a position in 1943 at the segregated Booker T. Washington School in Hobbs. She inspired students to . . . — — Map (db m235225) HM
This is a two sided markerFront of Marker
Dessie Sawyer was a rancher, philanthropist and political activist. Her work with community and charitable organizations advanced her into politics. She became the National Committee Woman . . . — — Map (db m73466) HM
Elizabeth Gutiérrez Garret wrote the words and music to "O, Fair New Mexico" adopted as New Mexico's state song in 1917. A talented soprano and composer, Elizabeth performed her own songs in concerts across the country. Blind since childhood, . . . — — Map (db m202830) HM
A pioneer in the preservation of the history of people in Southeastern New Mexico, Eve wrote over 150 articles and numerous books chronicling Mescalero and Chiricahua Apaches, Anglo and Hispanic settlers. Her honesty, patience and determination . . . — — Map (db m45957) HM
This building was constructed in 1940 on the site of building 11 (formerly barracks and then the original tubercular hospital). While it does not match the style or construction of most of the original fort buildings, it does reflect the Territorial . . . — — Map (db m85923) HM
Camp Capitan for underprivileged young women
flourished at the site of a short-lived CCC camp
for young men near here, thanks to the enterprising
Lucy Lepper Shaw. She studied at the Art Institute
of Chicago and Columbia University, and was . . . — — Map (db m235391) HM
Her second husband was George Barber. Under the Desert Land Act, they patented 400 acres in 1883. The act required irrigating the land and in 1881 Susan built a dam across Three Rivers stream and a half-mile ditch to convey water to her property. By . . . — — Map (db m103652) HM
Martha Brook Homestead Entry: August 1913 Los Alamos Ranch School Purchase: 1920 Martha Brook was Harold Brook's mother. Brook applied for homestead entry in Martha's name in August 1913 for 150 acres of what is now Eastern Area, the airport, and . . . — — Map (db m156687) HM
This is a two-sided markerFront Side:
Immortalized in literature and film, Kentucky native Carlotta Thurmond was the inspiration for Miss Kitty on television’s “Gunsmoke.” Having toured Europe’s best gambling houses as . . . — — Map (db m121902) HM
Born into slavery, Cathay was liberated in 1861 and worked as a cook for the Union army during the Civil War. In 1866 she enlisted in the U.S. Army as Private William Cathey serving with the Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Cummings and Fort Bayard until . . . — — Map (db m38211) HM
This is a two-sided markerFront Side:
Born in 1827, Mary Ann Deming was married to Charles Crocker, one of the founders of the Central Pacific Railroad. A “silver spike” was driven here in 1881 that commemorated . . . — — Map (db m121958) HM
Centuries before Gallup's founding in 1881 this was a region of interweaving native cultures, Navajo, Hopi and Zuni. Resources of coal, timber, railroads and trading attracted settlers who created a city of increasing cultural diversity.
We . . . — — Map (db m148758) HM
Emma Estrada (1933-1997) Emma Estrada was a partera, or midwife, for over thirty years. She delivered more than seven hundred babies during an era when mothers in rural, sparsely populated areas had no choice but to deliver at home. She . . . — — Map (db m236331) HM
The Zuni Olla Maidens are an all-women's group renowned for their skill and ability to balance fragile water jars or ollas on their heads. Historically, Zuni women collected water in ollas from nearby springs for everyday use. Today, they perform in . . . — — Map (db m36580) HM
In New Mexico, women blessed with special knowledge of herbs, household remedies, human health and strong faith are trusted to cure real or imaged maladies. Known as Curanderas, these women have been an integral part of the Hispanic fabric in . . . — — Map (db m73273) HM
There were few chances for family life for any enlisted man in the United States Army on the frontier. Regulations did not allow new recruits to have a wife or child. No soldier could marry without the permission of his commanding officer. That . . . — — Map (db m148994) HM
The New Mexico School for the Blind and Visually Impaired was founded on granted land in 1903 by the new territorial governor. The teacher and later regent was the blind daughter of lawman Pat Garrett, Elizabeth Garrett, who solicited the support of . . . — — Map (db m46075) HM
Lozen, a warrior and sister of the famous Warm Springs Apache chief Victorio, fought alongside her brother until his death in 1880 and later with his successors, Nana and Geronimo. Lozen also was a medicine woman and healer and, it was said, . . . — — Map (db m46033) HM
Born in Bavaria and widowed in Las Vegas, New Mexico, Yetta ran the family store and raised four children alone. She later moved to La Cinta on the Canadian River where she opened another store, became postmistress, started a bank and operated a . . . — — Map (db m78891) HM
One of America’s great and most celebrated painters of the twentieth century, Georgia O’Keeffe is known for her unique depictions of natural and architectural forms. She began spending summers painting in Northern New Mexico in 1929 and moved from . . . — — Map (db m73124) HM
Agueda is the matriarch of Hispanic weaving in New Mexico. From a very young age, she was known for her complex designs and natural dyes. She was the subject of the Academy Award-nominated documentary film, “Agueda Martinez: Our People, Our . . . — — Map (db m73393) HM
Esther Martinez served her community as an educator, linguist and storyteller. Her foremost contributions to our state are documenting and preserving the Tewa language and the art of storytelling. Esther was named a National Heritage Fellow in 2006 . . . — — Map (db m32856) HM
Pablita Velarde was an internationally acclaimed artist whose paintings largely depicted Pueblo life. She was commissioned by the WPA art's program to paint murals at Bandelier National Monument. Selected as one of New Mexico's "Living Treasures", . . . — — Map (db m45663) HM
Rose Powers White worked tirelessly to compile histories of early pioneers of southeastern New Mexico. She published numerous articles and was frequently asked to lecture to organizations and school groups. She served as president of the New . . . — — Map (db m56113) HM
Harriet was an astute financial manager and the first female bank president in New Mexico, operating the First National Bank in Farmington from 1922 until 1951. During the Depression she bought out San Juan National Bank, keeping it solvent and . . . — — Map (db m59629) HM
Side A:
Meta L. Christy, DO, is recognized by the American Osteopathic Association as the first black osteopath. Dr. Christy graduated in 1921 from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine as its first black graduate. The College . . . — — Map (db m45889) HM
Fabiola Cabeza de Baca Gilbert Raised on a ranch at La Liendre, Fabiola received a degree from New Mexico Normal School. She worked as a rural teacher and an agricultural Home Extension agent. In the 1930s, she became a charter member of La . . . — — Map (db m236575) HM
First Mary J. Woods and later Clara
Waring, were the first to introduce
bookstores to Las Vegas. Later, in the
1930's, Mrs. C. L. M. Bailey also
operated a bookstore in this building. — — Map (db m236638) HM
(side one)
According to oral and recorded history, the Santo Domingo people have always made and traded jewelry. From prehistoric times heishi, drilled and ground shell beads, have been strung into necklaces. Generations of Santo . . . — — Map (db m45475) HM
Women of Cochiti are known for reviving the historic figurative tradition now referred to as Storytellers, adult clay figurines surrounded by children. The efforts of these women have bloomed into a vibrant cottage industry, inspiring many potters . . . — — Map (db m73262) HM
Jemez Pueblo. Evelyn M. Vigil, a descendant of the last remaining Pecos residents that moved to Jemez Pueblo in 1838, led a revival of Pecos Pueblo style pottery. She spent time at Pecos National Historic Park studying materials and techniques . . . — — Map (db m73244) HM
(side one)
New Mexico has a proud history of military service. We are a state of culturally diverse citizens who are willing to defend our freedom and rights. Over 15,000 women in New Mexico have volunteered to serve in our military. These . . . — — Map (db m45458) HM
(front)
Teacher, agriculturalist, farmer and conservationist, Dulcelina Curtis led efforts to control flooding of arroyos in Corrales where a flood-control channel is named in her honor. The first woman appointed to a board of the U.S. . . . — — Map (db m45438) HM
Trinidad Gachupin Medina was the most widely known Zia potter of her time. She was recognized for her large polychrome storage jars. Sponsored by trader Wick Miller, she toured the United States from 1930 to 1946, demonstrating pottery making at . . . — — Map (db m32859) HM
The St. Francis Women's Club was instrumental in raising funds to rebuild San Francisco de Asís Church, which had been condemned and demolished in about 1960.
Their main fundraiser was the annual Fourth of July Ceremonial, featuring dances of . . . — — Map (db m32833) HM
Feliciana Tapia Viarrial helped establish today's
Pueblo of Pojoaque. Pojoaque, or Posuwageh, water
drinking place, is a Tewa village founded circa A.D.
900. By 1919, the Pojoaque homelands were severely
diminished. Most members left . . . — — Map (db m32835) HM
Maria Martinez was a self-taught potter who helped elevate Pueblo pottery to a respected art form. She and her husband Julian were successful polychrome potters and together revived black pottery. Their work improved the economic conditions of the . . . — — Map (db m45657) HM
1598
Of New Mexico's first settlers in 1598, 560 Europeans have been identified (381 men, 112 women and 67 children) in addition to several friars and a number of Mexican Indians. The women who helped to pioneer El Camino Real and establish . . . — — Map (db m182275) HM
Santa Fe celebrated its 350th anniversary. During that year, special guests Maria Teresa Perez-Balsera and Maria Luisa Perez-Balsera arrived from Spain. The two ladies are direct descendants of Captain-General Don Diego de Vargas, the central figure . . . — — Map (db m76311) HM
(side one)
Amelia Elizabeth White (1878-1972)
Amelia Elizabeth White worked tirelessly to promote Indian art and to preserve Santa Fe's heritage. A philanthropist and community activist, she donated land for the Laboratory of . . . — — Map (db m45484) HM
Founded May 7, 1884, the Fairview Cemetery company barely survived as a business venture until 1899 when the benevolent Woman's Board of Trade and Library Association assumed operation. Near the turn of the century, the old Masonic-IOOF Cemetery . . . — — Map (db m184786) HM
Front:
Inez Bushner Gill impressed governors, legislators and journalists with her fiscal expertise. Among the original staff of the Legislative Council Service when it was founded in 1951, she served as fiscal analyst and principal staff for . . . — — Map (db m119928) HM
Katherine was the fourth American woman to earn a pilot's license and the first female skywriter. She overcame pioneering aviator Max Lillie's reluctance to teach her to fly, and became the "Flying Schoolgirl," nicknamed for her youthful looks, . . . — — Map (db m185053) HM
(side one)
An outstanding photographer of the twentieth century, Laura Gilpin is best known for capturing southwestern cultures and landscapes on film. When her car ran out of gas on the Navajo reservation in 1930, she began . . . — — Map (db m45483) HM
(side one)
Maria Gertrudis Barceló or Doña Tules, a notorious gambler and courtesan, operated a gambling house and saloon on Burro Alley in Santa Fe. She traveled up El Camino Real from Sonora, Mexico in 1815. Bishop Jean-Baptiste Lamy . . . — — Map (db m45479) HM
This Marian Myer Information Kiosk is named in honor of Marian Myer who founded the Fairview Cemetery Preservation Association in 1981 and who was the association's keystone for 25 years. — — Map (db m184788) HM
(side one)
Four Sisters of Loretto, Mother Magdalen Hayden and Sisters Roberta Brown, Rosana Dant and Catherine Mahoney, arrived in Santa Fe from Kentucky on September 26, 1852. In January 1853 they established Our Lady of Light Academy, . . . — — Map (db m119764) HM
For almost 60 years, from 1821 to 1880, the Santa Fe Trail was part of a complex web of international trade and business. The trail began as a connection from the Missouri frontier in the United States to Santa Fe in Mexico. Spanning 900 miles, the . . . — — Map (db m184611) HM
(side one)
The first Sisters of Charity arrived in New Mexico Territory in 1865 from Cincinnati at the request of Bishop Lamy with the mission of serving all people regardless of race, religion or ability to pay. Hundreds of sisters . . . — — Map (db m45482) HM
(side one)
Three generations of one family worked more than 100 years to preserve the cultural heritage of New Mexico. Eva Fenyes created an artistic and photographic record of missions and adobe buildings, and preserved Spanish . . . — — Map (db m45481) HM
Arriving in the silver mining boomtown of Kingston in 1886, Sadie Jane Creech Orchard is arguably the most colorful woman in New Mexico history. Sadie opened brothels, worked as a prostitute, built and operated hotels, restaurants, and co-owned and . . . — — Map (db m97441) HM
Traveling with the colonizing expedition of Juan de Oñate, Doña Eufemia rallied Spanish soldiers to persevere when morale broke down during their long journey on the Camino Real. Settling in present-day New Mexico, she rallied 22 women to defend the . . . — — Map (db m100056) HM
Front of Marker
In 1598 the first Spanish settlers in New Mexico traveled up the Camino Real from north-central Mexico. Of the 560 people so far identified on that expedition, at least 20 percent were women. They came on foot, on wagons or . . . — — Map (db m45131) HM
Maria Ramita Simbola Martinez, Cora Durand, and Virginia Duran helped to preserve the distinctive micaceous pottery tradition that is important in Picuris and other nearby pueblos. Made with locally mined mica-rich clay, these unusual pots have a . . . — — Map (db m43808) HM
(side one)
Captive Women and Children of Taos County
In August 1760, around sixty women and children were taken captive in a Comanche raid on Ranchos de Taos. That raid is an example of the danger of living on New Mexico's . . . — — Map (db m45719) HM
Eighty-million acres of public land in the West went into private ownership by 1900 through the 1862 Homestead Act. New Mexico drew hundreds of settlers who built homes and farmed 160-acre allotments in pursuit of a better life. Mollie Klapp was . . . — — Map (db m103053) HM
Near where you are standing was
one of the great overland trade
routes of the 19th century.
Connecting Franklin, Missouri,
with Santa Fe, New Mexico, the
trail ran 900 miles through rough
terrain hostile to all but the hardiest
traders set . . . — — Map (db m162262) HM
Front
Sarah "Sally" J. Rooke
(1843-1908)
Heroine of the Dry Cimarron Flood
On the night of August 27, 1908, while working as a telephone operator, Sally received a call that a wall of water was rushing down the Dry Cimarron . . . — — Map (db m104838) HM
