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Historical Markers and War Memorials in Anderson County, Tennessee
Adjacent to Anderson County, Tennessee
▶ Campbell County (12) ▶ Knox County (151) ▶ Morgan County (0) ▶ Roane County (20) ▶ Scott County (2) ▶ Union County (7)
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GEOGRAPHIC SORT
| On Slatestone Road, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Coal Creek valley was the scene of an armed rebellion against the state by free miners seeking an end to the common practice of leasing convicts to coal companies. On Oct. 31, 1891 the convict laborers at Briceville were freed by armed miners. The . . . — — Map (db m102292) HM |
| On Briceville Highway (Tennessee Route 116), on the right when traveling south. |
| | Built in 1888 by Welsh coal miners, the church and its cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Miners who fought the Tennessee National Guard over the use of convict labor during the Coal Creek War and the church was a . . . — — Map (db m102331) HM |
| On Briceville Highway (Tennessee Route 116), on the right when traveling south. |
| | The Cross Mountain Mine opened in 1888 approximately one mile up Slatestone Road to the west. By 1911, it had two power plants to generate electricity, providing incandescent light for the main entries. Coal was cut by electric chain machines and . . . — — Map (db m102329) HM |
| On Slatestone Road, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Powell Harmon wrote a farewell letter before suffocating in the Fraterville Mine in 1902 that said, "My boys, never work in the coal mines.: His eldest son, Briceville student Condy Harmon, knew that honoring such a request would subject his family . . . — — Map (db m102425) HM |
| On Briceville Highway (Tennessee Route 116) at ircle Cemetery Road, on the left when traveling south on Briceville Highway. |
| | Thirty-one of the 84 miners who perished in the December 9, 1911 explosion of the Cross Mountain Mine are buried in concentric circles around a monument beside Circle Cemetery Road. The arrangement of headstones may be rooted in the Welsh ancestry . . . — — Map (db m102427) HM |
| On Slatestone Road, on the left when traveling north. |
| | In the last half of the 1800s, the Welsh in America published books in their native language at a time when it was illegal to do so in Great Britain. Coal Creek miners Rees R. Thomas and his son David R. Thomas donated a rare collection of those . . . — — Map (db m102333) HM |
| On Market Place, on the right when traveling east. |
| | In 1895, Sam Hendrickson (pictured) started Clinton's pearling industry. Clinton's citizens used braille boats (pictured) with braille hooks (pictured) to drag the bottom of the Clinch River for mussel shells (pictured). Young's Island (pictured) . . . — — Map (db m112097) HM |
| On North Hicks Street at Leinart Street, on the left when traveling north on North Hicks Street. |
| | Following a court order by Federal District Judge Robert L. Taylor, on August 27, 1956, 12 black students, now known as "The Clinton 12", enrolled in Clinton High School without incident, making it one of the first desegregated public high schools . . . — — Map (db m121331) HM |
| On Cummings St near West Broad St. |
| | Freedman's Hill, or Foley Hill as it came to be known, has long been an educational site for the African American community, whether in the schoolhouse built by the Freedman's Bureau after the Civil War, later destroyed by fire, or the churches of . . . — — Map (db m70646) HM |
| On Market Place, on the right when traveling east. |
| | From about 1895 to 1936 Tennessee was one of the nation's six leading states in marketing pearls. Clinton was listed as one of three Tennessee towns known as centers of the pearling industry. New York dealers came regularly to Clinton during the . . . — — Map (db m112098) HM |
| On Briceville Highway (Tennessee Route 116) at Andy's Ridge Road, on the left when traveling north on Briceville Highway. |
| | The Fraterville Mine exploded on May 19, 1902, killing all 216 miners. Poignant farewell messages were found on the bodies of Jacob Vowell, Powell Harmon, John Hendren, Harry Beach, Scott Chapman, James Brooks, R.S. Brooks, George Hutson, Frank . . . — — Map (db m102428) HM |
| On Briceville Highway (Tennessee Route 116) near Andy's Ridge Road, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Itinerant miners worked in the Fraterville Mine alongside miners with long-term contracts and strong local ties. Bodies of the itinerant miners were not claimed after the 1902 explosion and were buried adjacent to the railroad spur that led to the . . . — — Map (db m102429) HM |
| On Briceville Highway (Tennessee Route 116) at Andy's Ridge Road, on the left when traveling north on Briceville Highway. |
| | Major Eldad Cicero Camp, a Civil War Union veteran, U.S. District Attorney, and businessman, never used convicts in his mines. Instead, he established contracts with experienced miners. Fraterville, the name of Major Camp's first mine and the . . . — — Map (db m102430) HM |
| On Norris Freeway (U.S. 441) 0.1 miles south of Clear Creek Road, on the left when traveling south. |
| |
Divided loyalties in Anderson County, as elsewhere in East Tennessee, often erupted in violence. It was commonplace for guerillas on both sides to raid farms and capture opposing sympathizers. In the county seat of Clinton, Confederates . . . — — Map (db m119021) HM |
| Near Norris Freeway (Tennessee Route 441), on the left when traveling north. |
| | Named for George W. Norris
United States Senator from Nebraska in recognition of his public services.
Built for the people of The United States of America by the Tennessee Valley Authority under direction of the Congress and the President. . . . — — Map (db m102771) HM |
| Near Norris Freeway (Tennessee Route 441), on the left when traveling north. |
| | The American Institute of Certified Planners has designated The Tennessee Valley Authority as a National Planning Landmark
Founded in 1933 and encompassing a multi-state region of more than 40,000 square miles, T.V.A. was the first large-scale . . . — — Map (db m101833) HM |
| Near Norris Freeway (Tennessee Route 441), on the left when traveling south. |
| | The Tennessee River has its headwaters in the mountains of Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia. The main stream forms at Knoxville, where the Holston and the French Broad Rivers join.
The valley, 41,000 square miles in area, receives . . . — — Map (db m101834) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | The war years during the first part of the year was dreadful. German submarines were wreaking havoc with our shipping in the Atlantic; the Japanese were winning in the Pacific, and the Germans were driving across North Africa. In late May, a . . . — — Map (db m112276) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | The year opened with fierce fighting on battlefronts all over the world – Stalingrad, North Africa, the South Pacific. Here, February saw groundbreaking for Oak Ridge’s Y-12 Plant and the X-10 Graphite Reactor. Starting April 1, armed guards . . . — — Map (db m112277) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | New arrivals to this fenced in area called the Clinton Engineer Works were amazed at the extensive construction at every turn – more Cemestos “alphabet” homes were going up on Black Oak Ridge, as were more “flattops” in . . . — — Map (db m112278) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | The new city was crowded – all 90 dorms of singles, housing for families at a premium. In May the population peaked at 75,000. Y-12 had 22,400 workers; K-25, 11,000; X-10, 1,500. People at the plants were urged to work harder than ever at . . . — — Map (db m112548) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | This was the world’s first fully peacetime year since 1938. Cities everywhere began struggling to change things back to normal; Oak Ridge was different – we had never been normal. Things here were also in a state of flux because the success of . . . — — Map (db m112280) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | Although many residents still felt Oak Ridge was a wartime town, they were now encouraged to view their city as possibly becoming a permanent community. This transition was kicked off January 1 when the Manhattan Engineering District handed off . . . — — Map (db m112281) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | Union Carbide agreed to manage X-10 as well as the Y-12 plant with their new defense mission, and the K-25 uranium enrichment plant. Carbide named Nelson Rucker as X-10 executive director who with Alvin Weinberg instilling a sense of stability as . . . — — Map (db m112282) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | On January 20 “The Oak Ridger” published its first edition. It told the city’s stories for decades, like a favorite talk about colorful, hard-driving General Leslie Groves, Manhattan Engineering District commandant. When he had needed . . . — — Map (db m112283) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95), on the right when traveling east. |
| | The Administration Building for the Clinton Engineering Works opened March 15, 1943. Dubbed "The Castle", it became headquarters for the Manhattan Engineering District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, from which all Manhattan Project construction was . . . — — Map (db m112099) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | Starting with farmland in November 1942, 110,000 construction workers in two-and-a-half years built two huge uranium-235 production plants, Y-12 and K-25, at a cost of $759 million; X-10 and S-50, at a cost of $23 million; and the town for those who . . . — — Map (db m112348) HM |
| On South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| | 1942 - 1992
Samuel Karl Asher •
Michael Roger Baker •
James Edward Barlow •
Jeff Thomas Barnett, Jr. •
Martin Owen Boone •
Joseph Keith Bradley •
Gerald Wayne Davidson •
Luther E. Davis •
Ronald Edward Hibbard •
David William . . . — — Map (db m112461) WM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (U.S. 95) at Melton Lake Drive, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | From April 1, 1943, until March 19, 1949, this was the site of Elza Gate. Elza Gate was the primary entrance to the secret community of Oak Ridge and along with six other entry points, it was manned by armed guards. Elza Gate took its name from a . . . — — Map (db m88625) HM |
| On Bethel Valley Road 0.1 miles west of Melton Valley Access Road, on the right when traveling west. |
| | Opened 1851 - Closed 1942
Church building Stood 47 feet in front of this stone
In Memory of our Dead
And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow nor crying, neither shall there be . . . — — Map (db m70485) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | In 1940 Columbia University scientists led by John Dunning began their research to beat Germany to the atomic bomb. But it took four years before they learned how to make the key to the gaseous diffusion process – a very porous, strong . . . — — Map (db m112350) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | In 1943, General Leslie R. Groves, commander of the Manhattan Project, delegated to Colonel Kenneth D. Nichols the responsibility for administering what was to become a $2.2 billion effort. The Colonel had his headquarters here in a rambling, . . . — — Map (db m112345) HM |
| On South Illinois Avenue (State Highway 62), on the right when traveling north. |
| | In 1943, Oak Ridge was created as the residential center for the Clinton Engineering Works. Located on the northeast corner of a 59,000-acre reservation acquired by the government in 1942, the community was designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, . . . — — Map (db m81358) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95), on the right when traveling east. |
| | In November 1942, Army Engineers were ordered to build a town for 13,000 people. A year later their target grew to 42,000, and the actual population reached 75,000 in September 1945 – almost three times the city’s 2005 population. Shown on no . . . — — Map (db m112549) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | In August 1945, citizens of this Secret City learned, most of them for the first time, that their hard work had made possible a weapon that was instrumental in bringing peace to a world anguished by the brutal, six-year war in which 54 million . . . — — Map (db m112346) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | The medical director responsible for the nationwide Manhattan Project, Colonel Stafford L. Warren, M.D., had his headquarters in Oak ridge. A professor of radiology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine, Warren was recruited specifically . . . — — Map (db m112352) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | The need for good schools here posed special problems. The large transplanted population wanted schools at least as good as those they left behind, and the school population was destined to skyrocket from 830 in October 1943 to 8,223 in October 1945 . . . — — Map (db m112550) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | In 1946, 14 southern universities formed the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies (ORINS) – the first peacetime institution of this Secret City – to help faculty and students benefit from the outstanding research staff and facilities . . . — — Map (db m112344) HM |
| On South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| | In wartime 1943, realizing that unhappiness with living conditions would imperil the already fragile prognosis for producing uranium-235, the Army overseers of Oak Ridge strove to make life as pleasant as possible for the uprooted professionals sent . . . — — Map (db m112457) HM |
| On South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| | What most branded Oak Ridge as a temporary wartime community was its housing, almost half of which was added in a great rush during 1944-1945 as the town grew to five times the originally planned population of 13,000. Many thousands of the later . . . — — Map (db m112458) HM |
| On South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| | At the same time the Government was starting large construction programs in 1948 to build permanent housing, work started to replace the hurriedly built wartime schools. The first permanent school finished was Willowbrook Elementary in September . . . — — Map (db m112459) HM |
| On South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| | In 1948, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) assigned the task of transforming the “Secret City” into an incorporated city to Frederick W. “Fred” Ford, the AEC’s new Community Affairs Director. In addition to managing the . . . — — Map (db m112460) HM |
| On E. Madison Road, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Built in 1943 near the main business district (Jackson Square), this standard Army chapel was soon known with the Manhattan Project as "The Chapel-on-the-Hill". On 30 September 1943 it was dedicated for Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant worship. The . . . — — Map (db m112102) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (County Route 95) at Robertsville Road, on the right on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | On a route that was first authorized to be "cut and cleared" in 1787, the Rock Pillar Bridge 60 yards to the north-northeast was built in the early 1900's. This road became known as the Emery Road and was one of the earliest routes used in the . . . — — Map (db m89677) HM |
| On Kentucky Avenue at Broadway Avenue, on the left when traveling north on Kentucky Avenue. |
| | The Guest House provided accommodations for visitors to the Clinton Engineering Works (Oak Ridge) during the time of the Manhattan Project, which led to the development of the atomic bomb. The Guest House hosted such dignitaries as physicists J. . . . — — Map (db m114613) HM |
| Near Robertsville Road. Reported missing. |
| | The Robertsville Community was settled in 1804 by Collins Roberts, who had received a 4,000-acre land grant in this region. Robertsville was one of four communities in the area that predated Oak Ridge. The community was dispersed in 1942 when the . . . — — Map (db m95701) HM |
| On Bethel Valley Road just east of Scarboro Road, on the right when traveling east. |
| | The Scarboro Community was founded by three brothers in the early 1790s. Jonathan, David and James Scarborough traveled from Virginia and settled here. Scarboro was one of four area communities that predated Oak Ridge. The community remained largely . . . — — Map (db m32575) HM |
| On South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| | With the threat of war looming, Anderson County residents voted overwhelmingly against secession in 1861. When Confederate forces occupied East Tennessee and established a conscription center at nearby Clinton, Unionists slipped into Kentucky to . . . — — Map (db m112103) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | In December 1942 University of Chicago physicists demonstrated that the newly discovered element plutonium could be made using a “pile” of uranium and graphite blocks. Aware that Germany was seeking to develop a weapon of unprecedented . . . — — Map (db m112351) HM |
| On Oak Ridge Turnpike (Tennessee Route 95) at South Tulane Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Oak Ridge Turnpike. |
| | The top priority of the secret wartime Oak Ridge project was the Y-12 plant. That was the code name given to the process considered the best bet for separating weapon-grade uranium-235 (U-235) from U-238. This isotope separation process was the . . . — — Map (db m112349) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Convicts cut trees from Militia Hill and surrounding hillsides in 1892 so soldiers could spot attacking miners. Many of those trees were American chestnuts. Convicts and soldiers could not know that a fungus carried by Chinese chestnuts, brought to . . . — — Map (db m102280) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Soldiers of the Tennessee National Guard became easy targets for miners positioned on higher ground after trees were cut from Fort Anderson. Convicts then dug these breastworks to provide cover from attacking miners.
War correspondents from . . . — — Map (db m102279) HM |
| | Welsh miners from the Knoxville Iron and Coal Company began mining coal at the foot of this hill in 1867, but were replaced by convict laborers during a strike in 1877. After convicts were brought to a mine in Briceville in July 1891, miners and . . . — — Map (db m101896) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | After the Civil War, southern states leased convicts to private industry to cope with a growing number of convicts and dwindling state budgets. The system degenerated to where primarily young African-Americans were being arrested and forced to work . . . — — Map (db m101897) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Soldiers responded to attack by firing cannons from here into the Miners Nest encampment on Walden Ridge, located south of the Wye Gap. Soldiers also shot cans filled with mud through the Wye Gap into the town of Coal Creek to signal that the town . . . — — Map (db m102281) HM |
| On Beech Grove Road at Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north on Beech Grove Road. |
| | The Tennessee National Guard built Fort Anderson on Militia Hill in 1892 to restore order during the Coal Creek War. The fort is located off Vowell Mountain Road, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
According to the Tennessee . . . — — Map (db m101893) HM |
| On Beech Grove Road at Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north on Beech Grove Road. |
| | In 1877, convicts replaced striking Welsh miners in the Knoxville Iron and Coal Company Mine, located in the hollow to the south. Prison records show that 131 convict miners died there from 1877 to 1893, while others were caught igniting methane gas . . . — — Map (db m101892) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Fort Anderson was built here on Militia Hill in January 1892 as a base for the Tennessee National Guard to protect convict laborers and restore order. Hostilities escalated with as many as 2500 miners from Tennessee and Kentucky participating in the . . . — — Map (db m102277) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | The Tennessee Coal Mining Company in Briceville dismissed convict labor in February 1892 and sold stock in the company to miners. Subsequent attempts to convince Gov. Buchanan to remove troops from the watershed failed, so miners attacked at this . . . — — Map (db m102284) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | The arrival of General Carnes with the bulk of the state militia overwhelmed the miners by the late summer of 1892. Although they lost the final battle, Coal Creek miners won the war when newly-elected Gov. Peter Turney fulfilled a campaign promise . . . — — Map (db m102282) HM |
| On Vowell Mountain Lane, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Agricultural land in the region was owned and being farmed by 1880. Younger sons of farmers sought opportunities in mining, learning new job skills from experienced Welsh miners. Mining also offered opportunities for African-Americans who comprised . . . — — Map (db m101895) HM |
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