During the early 1800’s, northern Georgia was heart of the sovereign, independent Cherokee Indian Nation. By this time Cherokee were the most progressive Indian tribe in North America. In 1821, they became the first American Indians with a written . . . — — Map (db m11567) HM
During the advance of Sherman's forces S. from Resaca, May 16-17, 1864, the (US) 4th, followed by the 14th Corps, marched by this and nearby roads, pursuing Johnston`s forces (CS) which had evacuated Resaca the night before. Newton's Div., leading . . . — — Map (db m180360) HM
Otherwise known as the Octagon or Gravel House ~ an eight~sided stone residence, built in 1856, on the knoll east of here. May 17, 1864, a rear guard action between Cheatham’s Div., Hardee’s A. C. and Newton’s 2d Div., 4th A. C. was fought along . . . — — Map (db m11056) HM
Hovey’s 1st and Judah’s 2d divs. of Sheffield’s 23 A.C. [US], enroute from Resaca battlefield crossed the Conasauga river at Fite's Fy. intending to pass the Coosawattee at McClure’s Ferry, 1.25 mi. east of here. But the 20th A.C. [US], diverted . . . — — Map (db m196877) HM
May 16, 1864. Butterfield's (3rd) div. 20th A.C., (US) instead of crossing at McClure's Ferry 2mi. downstream, sought to gain time by moving to Field's -- reaching here 11 P.M. Not until noon of the 17th was it across.
Schofield, prevented . . . — — Map (db m16291) HM
The two-story portion of this house was the Oothcaloga Moravian Mission Station, serving this region of the Cherokee Nation from 1822 until 1833. John Gambold, whose grave lies 100 yards east, was first missionary here.
Built in 1821 by . . . — — Map (db m60002) HM
May 14, 1864. A contingent from Sweeny's (2d) div., 16th A.C. [US] made a crossing here in pontoon boats, but on a rumor of Confederate crossings upstream, it withdrew. May 15. The division, supported by Welker's Artillery [US], crossed in force . . . — — Map (db m13865) HM
The present depot at Calhoun, Georgia, originally
called Oothcalooga Station, opened about 1853 and
served passengers and commerce for over a century.
During the 1840's, Irish immigrants had constructed the Western & Atlantic
Railroad tying . . . — — Map (db m142934) HM
(north face)
Calhoun
(west face)
Confederate Memorial
Battle of Resaca fought
near here May 14 and 15, 1864
(east face)
Calhoun Honors Her
World War
Heroes
1917—1918
(south . . . — — Map (db m87048) WM
Gen. J.E Johnston’s three Corps, [CS] after 2 days of battle at Resaca -- outflanked by superior Federal forces -- withdrew S. Hood’s Corps marched by a road 1 mile E.; Polk’s & Hardee’s on direct road to Calhoun -- Polk continued to Adairsville. . . . — — Map (db m19279) HM
Erected in honor of the Cherokee Nation by the United States Government in 1931 on the site of New Echota, last capital of the Cherokee Indians east of the Mississippi River.
The Cherokee Nation, composed of twenty thousand people, occupied . . . — — Map (db m65817) HM
This county was named for William Washington Gordon, of Savannah (1796-1842). The first Georgian to graduate at West Point, he entered the practice of law and was a pioneer in the railroad field in this State. He was the founder and first . . . — — Map (db m19295) HM
Circuit Riders 1847-1853
Formally established 18 October 1853
1st Painted Church in Northwest Georgia
Only Church Where Union and Confederates Worshipped Together in Same Service During the War – April 1864
Union Field . . . — — Map (db m60026) HM
The Cherokee Nation of Indians established the first Indian-language newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, on this site in 1828. Edited by Cherokee Elias Boudinot and later by Elijah Hicks, the Cherokee Phoenix was printed bi-lingually in the . . . — — Map (db m65819) HM
May 16, 1864, Walker's div. of Hardee's A.C. [CS], having delayed McPherson's troops (15th & 16th A.C.) [US], at Lay's Ferry ( 3.25 mi. N.W.) the day before,
was joined here by 2 division ~ Bate's and Cleburne's [CS]. Deploying on both sides of . . . — — Map (db m13919) HM
Lay’s or Tanner’s Ferry, Oostanaula River, was 1.5 mi., S. W. of this point ~ access road thereto no longer existing.
May 14, 1864, Sweeny’s (2d) div. 16th A. C. [US] moved to Lay’s Ferry & effected crossing by one brigade but a false rumor . . . — — Map (db m57575) HM
In May 1864, while on its way to Kennesaw and Atlanta Campaigns, the Army of the North seiged Liberty Church and grounds for use as a field hospital.
During the occupation numerous soldiers suffered the trauma of amputation. These body parts . . . — — Map (db m60027) HM
The sprawling town of New Town which had stood here since 1819 was designated the seat of government for the Cherokee Nation in a legislative act of 1825 and it was renamed New Echota for a former principal town in Tennessee. In its short history . . . — — Map (db m67572) HM
On the hilltop, 100 yards to the south, is the cemetery for the village of New Echota. The marked graves are those of Pathkiller, Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation until his death in 1827 and a colonel in Morgan's regiment in the War of 1812, . . . — — Map (db m11570) HM
The head of the Oostanaula River is formed 200 yards northeast by the confluence of the Coosawattee and the Conasauga Rivers. The passage of travelers and freight along the Tennessee Road was served at this point by a ferry operated by the . . . — — Map (db m11057) HM
May 16, 1864 Williams’ 1st & Geary’s 2d divs., 20th A. C. [US], crossed the Coosawattee at McClure’s Ferry near Pine Chapel, & night of the 17th, reached this cross-roads -- Buschbeck’s brigade of Geary’s div. camping on the Peters plantation. . . . — — Map (db m30560) HM
Roland Hayes, the first internationally renowned African-American classical singer was born in Gordon County and performed at this site, the former Calhoun High Auditorium. Hayes opened doors for African - American concert and opera performers and . . . — — Map (db m13916) HM
Originator of the Cherokee Indian alphabet.
Two miles east of this spot is New Echota, the last Indian capital in Georgia, where Sequoyah lived.
Here was published the "Cherokee Phoenix," only
newspaper edited in an Indian language. . . . — — Map (db m87047) HM
Constructed in 1847 by the
Western & Atlantic Rail Road
Purchased by the
City of Calhoun 1990
Roof Donation by the
Calhoun Woman's Club 1991
Renovated by the
City of Calhoun 1996/97
Construction Project Manager
Councilman . . . — — Map (db m87057)
The New Echota Treaty of 1835 relinquished Cherokee Indian claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. The majority of the Cherokee people considered the treaty fraudulent and refused to leave their homelands in Georgia, Alabama, North . . . — — Map (db m10051) HM
May 17, 1864: Butterfield's (3d) div., 20th A.C [US], marched this way from Field’s Mill, Coosawattee River, enroute to Kingston & camped at the Smith farm 2 ½ miles N. of Mosteller’s Mills. May 18: Schofield's 23d A.C [US], marching from . . . — — Map (db m19284) HM
Two Cherokee families headed by Elijah Hicks and Alexander McCoy were among the first residents of New Echota. Both families were already living here when New Echota became the capital in 1825. Their farms once included most of what is now the golf . . . — — Map (db m161553) HM
On May 14th, 1864, at 5:30 a.m., the regiment moved with the brigade to a reserve position behind the 20th Corps during the heavy fighting on the west side of the battlefield. At 4:00 p.m., moved with the division at the double-quick to the north . . . — — Map (db m170951) HM WM
(front)
28th Ga. Co. G
Freeman's Guard
Then wave the sword and banner high
And louder raise the battle-cry
Till shouts of victory reach the sky
And thou art free, my Georgia.
-C.B Sinclair
(rear)
In loving tribute, . . . — — Map (db m206359) WM
National Historic Site
Atlanta Campaign
Resaca
May 13-15, 1864
In this vicinity the Confederate lines North and West of Resaca held firm against Federal attack. Sherman then executed a successful flank movement to the west and south around . . . — — Map (db m44790) HM
May 13, 1864. Gen. J. E Johnston's forces [CSA] withdrew from Dalton to Resaca, having been outflanked by Federal forces moving via Snake Creek Gap, 7mi. N. W.
Aligned upon hills, N & W of here, the Confederates withstood repeated Fed. assaults . . . — — Map (db m170962) HM
May 16, 1864. Johnston's forces (CS) withdrew from Resaca via pontoon, R. R. & trestle bridges over the Oostanaula River. The 4th & two divs. Of the 14th Corps (US) rebuilt 2 bridges which had been burned & followed the retreating Confederates . . . — — Map (db m11551) HM
May 13, 1864. The 15th and the 16th A.C. (US) deployed astride road on ridges W. of those next to and this side of Camp Creek, where Polk's Corps (CS) was posted. May 14: The 15th and the 16th A.C. drove Polk's troops across creek from this . . . — — Map (db m11557) HM
0.5 mi. W. is Camp Creek Valley, scene of the 23rd Corps (US) assaults on Hood's left and Hardee's right (CS), May 14.
On ridge 0.2 mi. W. was the position of Wood's (3rd) Div., 4th A.C. and Capt. Wm. Wheeler's 13th New York battery (US), . . . — — Map (db m11553) HM
At this point the intrenched line of Gen. John B. Hood's Corps (CS) crossed the road ~ this corps being one of the three composing Gen. J.E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee.
Line faced N., Hindman's Div. (CS) on the left extended W. to Camp . . . — — Map (db m11554) HM
Hood's line, (CS) beginning E. at State R.R. ran W. to point atop ridge (S) where Hardee's rt. joined it & together with Polk's Corps, (CS) the line was prolonged 3 miles S. to the Oostanaula River.
May 13, 1864, Sherman's forces (US) reached . . . — — Map (db m11555) HM
A portion of Hood's A. C. (CS), thrust forward to hold ridge in fork of cr. was driven back to hills this side of the valley & N. of the road. Cox's ( 3d ) Div., 23d A. C. (US) having taken the ridge in creek - fork, was relieved by 4th A.C. which . . . — — Map (db m11556) HM
The Battle of Resaca was one of the few places where the entire armies of Sherman and Johnston faced each other in the Atlanta Campaign. Judah's (2nd) Div., 23rd Army Corps & part of the 14th Corps [US] moved from the high bluff west of Camp Creek . . . — — Map (db m13914) HM
May 13, 1864, McPherson's 15th and 16th A.C. (US) moving from Snake Creek Gap reached this cross-roads where his forces were deployed for advance toward Camp Cr. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's Cav. Div. (US) led advance; during a sharp engagement he . . . — — Map (db m11552) HM
May 14: Stewart’s Div., Hood’s Corps (CS) moved from intrenchments near the John Green house and attacked left of Federals then extending toward the State R. R.
This attack fell upon the left of Stanley ’s (1st) div., 4th A. C., and 5th Ind. . . . — — Map (db m180502) HM
On May 14th, 15th, of 1864, this property played a major role in the outcome of the battle between General Joseph E. Johnston (CS) and Federal General William T. Sherman (US). This site had the second largest amount of causalities during the . . . — — Map (db m182304) HM
On May 14th, 15th, of 1864, this property played a major role in the outcome of the battle between General Joseph E. Johnston (CS) and Federal General William T. Sherman (US). This site had the second largest amount of causalities during the . . . — — Map (db m182306) HM
Soldiers who fought on foot were called infantry. Those who fought on horseback were called cavalry. Artillerymen fired cannons and mortars. Each group of soldiers used different types of weapons and belonged to separate units.
There were other . . . — — Map (db m171005) HM
Established shortly after the war by Miss Mary J. Green & Associates for burial of Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Resaca. May 14, 1864, Maj. Gen. A. P. Stewart's Div., Hood's A. C. (rt. of Johnston's line) [CS], posted 600 yds. N. . . . — — Map (db m13915) HM
Lay's Ferry on the Oostanaula River lay about 5 miles southwest of Resaca on the Calhoun Road. General Sherman ordered two pontoon bridges sent toward this site on 13 May 1864. He stated his purpose to Major Gen. George H. Thomas:
As soon as I . . . — — Map (db m170961) HM
Putting Resaca into proper perspective requires an understanding of the strategies of two opposing generals — Union General William T. Sherman and Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston — and the momentum of the Civil War. Georgia . . . — — Map (db m170982) HM
During the Civil War, both the Union and the Confederacy carried flags into battle. Commanders and units also carried their own battle flags and banners so that their men
could rally “round the flag.” The battlefield was a colorful . . . — — Map (db m170991) HM
In 1864, travelers on the Western & Atlantic Railroad encountered only a small village at Resaca. It contained a few dozen homes and businesses to support its occupants along with surrounding farms and plantations. The railroad depot sat on the . . . — — Map (db m170997) HM
Fort Wayne is named after Henry Constantine Wayne. Henry Wayne was born in Savannah, Georgia on September 8, 1815. He was the son of James Moore Wayne, an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Henry Wayne graduated from the U.S. . . . — — Map (db m206292) HM
Fort Wayne Civil War Historic Site is a 65 acre historically significant site that contains two well preserved redoubts used by both Confederate and Union forces during and after the Civil War.
On April 12, 1862, the nearby Western & . . . — — Map (db m206291) HM
While engaged with Palmer's, Schofield's, and Howard's corps on the afternoon of the 14th, Confederate General Johnston received intelligence from cavalry scouts that Sherman's left flank was only lightly held. Johnston ordered Stewart's and . . . — — Map (db m206403) HM
Has someone told you the Union (the Yankees) wore blue and the Confederates (the Rebels) wore gray? If so, you might be confused as were many Civil War soldiers. While Union uniforms were generally blue, some Yankees wore other colors. The . . . — — Map (db m171001) HM
The battle of Resaca began near the southern portion of the battlefield on 7 May. The previous day, Col. J.W. Sprague's Brigade (Brig. Gen. Dodge's XVI Corps) secured Shipp's Gap in Taylor's Ridge allowing the Army of the Tennessee to enter Snake . . . — — Map (db m171007) HM
In remembrance and appreciation for her service and dedication in locating and collecting the remains of the soldiers who died on the Resaca battlefield and re-interring them in a plot of land that would become the first Confederate cemetery in . . . — — Map (db m170950) WM
At the age of 70, Mary Jane Green joined Atlanta Chapter 18 United Daughters of the Confederacy as a charter member on the record of her own service. The UDC stipulated that a woman could join “who can give proof of personal service and loyal . . . — — Map (db m170941) HM
May 16, 1864. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker (20th A. C.) [US], moving E. from Resaca, with orders to cross at Newtown Fy., elected to usurp the crossing at McClure’s thereby forcing Schofield’s 23d A. C. [US] to proceed E. to Field’s Mill & Ferry. . . . — — Map (db m19283) HM
This tablet is dedicated by the Atlanta Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy to the memory of Miss Mary Green, who established this Resaca Cemetery –- the first in this state -- for our Confederate soldiers.
Made by . . . — — Map (db m26347) HM
The original Western & Atlantic Railroad
bridge over the Oostanaula River at Resaca
dates from 1847. By 1862, two bridges spanned
the river, one for the railroad, the other for a
wagon road to Calhoun six miles south. When
Federal agents led . . . — — Map (db m142921) HM
A French scientist invented photography in 1832. By 1861, the beginning of the Civil War, photography had progressed a great deal. However, photographers still created images mostly on glass (daguerreotype) or tin (tintype). Each image took a long . . . — — Map (db m170993) HM
May 14, 1864. After being driven from hills W. of Camp Creek by troops of the 15th and 16th Corps (US), Polk's A.C. (CS) was aligned on the E. side of the creek, its center posted on a chain of hills S. of this road and overlooking the creek ~ its . . . — — Map (db m11558) HM
In the 1840s when construction on the Western & Atlantic Railroad began, plantations and farms existed in this portion of Gordon County. This construction brought Irish immigrants to the area. They built temporary cottages and called the area . . . — — Map (db m170960) HM
Welcome to the Resaca Battlefield Historic Site. During the Civil War, the Union Army commanded by General William T. Sherman fought the Confederate Army commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston here at the village of Resaca early in the Campaign for . . . — — Map (db m170989) HM
Welcome to the Resaca Battlefield Historic Site. During the Civil War, the Union Army commanded by General William T. Sherman fought the Confederate Army commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston here at the village of Resaca early in the Campaign for . . . — — Map (db m171002) HM
Approximately 160,000 men participated in the Battle of Resaca. It is impossible to list all of these men individually. Presented here are the Orders of Battle for both sides. Each list shows the names of units down to regiments (size below brigade . . . — — Map (db m171003) HM
Resaca's Confederate Cemetery
Nearby, in Resaca lies the lonely resting place of more than 440 Confederate soldiers who died here on the fields of battle and once lay buried where they fell. In 1866, Resaca resident Mary J. Green convinced . . . — — Map (db m171006) HM
You are standing where Carlin's Brigade (Johnston's Division, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland) attacked on 14 May 1864. Following heavy skirmishing early in the morning, Union armies spent the first part of the day placing their lines and . . . — — Map (db m171000) HM
Schofield's Army of the Ohio, consisting of two divisions, one commanded by the Brig. Gen. Jacob D. Cox, the other by Brig. Gen. Henry M. Judah carried out one of two Union attacks on 14 May. Major Gen. John M. Palmer provided support for the right . . . — — Map (db m170999) HM
Brig Gen. Sweeny's forces lay on the north side of the Oostanaula while fighting raged on the northern end of the battlefield. While he prepared to cross his forces using pontoon bridges and the ferry, several of his men found an old flatboat and, . . . — — Map (db m170985) HM
Approximately 160,000 men fought on the hills of Resaca. About 7,000 of them died and many, many more were wounded. Some were captured and spent the remainder of the war in either a Confederate or Union prison camp. A few wrote of their experiences. . . . — — Map (db m170996) HM
The Resaca Confederate Cemetery is located ½ mile north of this spot
This marker is given and placed by the Gordon County Chapter No. 932, United Daughters of the Confederacy.
This marks the battlefield of Mar. 1864 — — Map (db m221978) HM
As 1863 ended, General U.S. Grant's army defeated Confederate General Braxton Bragg's forces at The Battle of Missionary Ridge at Chattanooga. Grant received a promotion to Commander-in-Chief of all Federal armies. General William T. Sherman . . . — — Map (db m170959) HM
Have you wondered why two large armies would fight a major battle at the tiny village of Resaca? What would they gain by fighting here? The simple answer is that Resaca was important because of the railroad, the river, and the terrain. . . . — — Map (db m171004) HM
May 18, 1864. Maj. Gen. J.D. Cox's (3d) Div., 23d A.C. (US) marching S. from Field's Mill, Coosawattee River, via Cash, took the direct rd. to Sonora. Moving S. 4 mi., the div. turned W. on the Fairmount-Adairsville rd. to Mosteller's Mills (near . . . — — Map (db m16290) HM
May 8, 1864. McPherson's 15th and 16th Corps [US] seized Snake Creek Gap. On the 9th, attempting to destroy the R. R. at Resaca, (defended by Cantey's Div. of Polk’s Corps), [CS] McPherson was forced to withdraw to the mouth of the gap where he . . . — — Map (db m13913) HM
