Historical Markers and War Memorials in Knox County, Nebraska

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Historical Markers and War Memorials in Knox County, Nebraska

1 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Lindy — 345 — Lewis and Clark Campsite — September 2, 1804 —

On its journey to the Pacific Ocean the Lewis and Clark Expedition camped near here on September 2, 1804. At this camp the explorers’ imagination and knowledge of military fortifications misled them into concluding that sand ridges and mounds left . . . — — Map (db m181799) HM

2 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Lindy — Reunited with Shannon! — Lewis and Clark National History Trail — George Shannon Trail —

George Shannon was reunited with the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the group traveled onward to present-day North Dakota. Private John Newman was caught speaking in mutinous tones — an attempt to subvert the discipline and loyalty of other members . . . — — Map (db m181894) HM

3 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — An Ocean of Grass — Ponca and the Prairie Environment —

Seen through Ponca eyes, the original prairie environment was a cherished sea of grasses and plants. Together, with the buffalo, we kept the prairie healthy. Buffalo herds would graze the vast landscape, and our people would collect different types . . . — — Map (db m192598) HM

4 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — I Carry My Home With Me — The Ponca Tipi —

In contrast to the village earthlodge, the tipi was a light and portable shelter. It was a kind of seasonal, second home. Constructed of slender wooden poles and buffalo hide, tipis were pitched in a circular arrangement during the bison hunt and . . . — — Map (db m192656) HM

5 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — Life After the Expedition — Lewis and Clark National History Trail — George Shannon Trail —

George Shannon was in St. Louis in 1810 when he was authorized to travel to Pennsylvania to assist historian Nicholas Biddle in editing the Lewis and Clark journals. While working on the journals, Shannon decided he would like to study law. Shannon . . . — — Map (db m181895) HM

6 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — Our Ponca Tribal Community Building — A Social Hub, Then and Now —

This building was constructed in 1936 by the Indian Emergency Conservation Work (IECW) force. Like the Civilian Conservation Corps, the IECW was part of the country's New Deal program aimed at providing economic relief during the Great Depression. . . . — — Map (db m192597) HM

7 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — Our Village Homes — The Ponca Earthlodge: Maithi —

Back in the day, our people lived in villages comprised of earthlodges. We called the lodges maithi, and they were set beside our gardens and crops. These dwellings were constructed by women, though men sometimes helped to cut and carry in the . . . — — Map (db m192655) HM

8 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — Pow Wow! — Celebrating Our Native Culture —

After a tragic history of forced relocation and land loss many tribes began coming together in the mid-20th century for intertribal gatherings. It was here that each tribe's long history of seasonal dances and sacred ceremonies culminated in a new . . . — — Map (db m192596) HM

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9 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — Symbol of Our Spirit — The Ponca and the Buffalo —

For thousands of years our people depended upon the buffalo. We ate its meat, used its hides for our homes and clothing, its horns to make spoons, and our children even used the buffalo's ribs to make winter sleds. Every part of the animal was . . . — — Map (db m192600) HM

10 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — The Buffalo's Gift — Maize and Early Ponca Agriculture —

Unlike most other Plains Indians, our people grew maize and kept vegetable gardens. Tribal teachings tell of how corn was discovered:

Once there was a camp located between two creeks. Seven buffalo stood at the mouth of these creeks. . . . — — Map (db m192654) HM

11 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — The Land is Sacred to the Ponca People as is Water —

maN zhaN (the land) is xube' (sacred) to the Ponca People as is Ni' (water). Following forced removal of the Ponca Tribe to Oklahoma, the tribe split into two groups. The members that stayed in Oklahoma are now referred to . . . — — Map (db m192657) HM

12 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — 62 — The Ponca Tribe —

This has been the homeland of the Ponca Indians since earliest recorded history. In 1868 the federal government signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie, which transferred the land to the Sioux without the permission of the Ponca. Treaties made with the . . . — — Map (db m179194) HM

13 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — 101 — The Sage Brothers —

On the night of June 2, 1969, while on maneuvers in the South China Sea off the coast of Vietnam, the Australian aircraft carrier Melbourne was in collision with the destroyer USS Frank E. Evans. The impact cut the Evans in . . . — — Map (db m181893) HM WM

14 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — Water Invites Reflection — Ponca Perspective on Water and Life —

Seen through Native eyes, the land and water are alive. Rocks, trees, meadows, and rivers: all of these natural elements possess their own life spirit. In our culture, Mother Earth is a powerful force in everyday life. We believe that our people, . . . — — Map (db m192653) HM

15 ► Nebraska, Knox County, Niobrara — Water's Edge — Flow of life in the Riparian Habitat —

Our villages and old trails were always located near rivers or streams. Waterways were the highways of days gone by, and we used them for travel and trade. Sometimes they would also function as natural yet strategic barriers between one tribe and . . . — — Map (db m192599) HM

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