101 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — St. Sebastian Church — And the Italian Immigrants —

Immigrants from Italy settled in Middletown as early as the 1860s, and for several decades the Italian population here increased slowly. Then, at the turn of the 20th century, the trickle of immigrants became a virtual flood. Hundreds of families . . . — — Map (db m98687) HM

102 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — The Abolitionist Movement —

On this site, on a spring evening in 1834, a violent mob descended on a small group of Middletown residents who had come together to work towards abolishing slavery. The abolitionists, both black and white citizens, were members of the newly . . . — — Map (db m71118) HM

103 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — The deKoven House —

Middletown became of the richest towns in all New England in the 1700s. during that time, thousands of ships loaded with local products like lumber, barrels, horses, pigs, corn, butter, and beef. The ships sailed down the Connecticut River and . . . — — Map (db m98690) HM

104 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — The Freedom Church —

About 1828, a handful of Middletown's black residents gathered to worship in the home of Asa Jeffrey, a sea man who lived on Cross Street almost opposite here. The group formed the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, Middletown's first black . . . — — Map (db m98689) HM

105 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — The General Mansfield House —

The battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day of the Civil War, began early on the morning of September 17, 1862, in Sharpsburg, Maryland. Joseph Mansfield, a 58-year-old general in the Union army, waited anxiously for the signal to lead his ten . . . — — Map (db m98542) HM

106 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — The UNESCO Slave Route Project — Middletown, Connecticut: Resistance, Liberty, Heritage —

Launched in 1994, the International and inter-regional project ‘The Slave Route: Resistance, Liberty, Heritage’ addresses the history of the slave trade and slavery through the prism of intercultural dialogue, a culture of peace and . . . — — Map (db m233446) HM

107 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — The Wangunks and Indian Hill —

From the peak of the grassy hill behind these gates, Sowheag, leader of the Wangunks, could see for miles, observing the round-topped wigwams of his people in small settlements on both sides of the Connecticut River. The Wangunks called this area . . . — — Map (db m98684) HM

108 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — Washington Green —

Each of the maple trees that form the "Road of Remembrance" on Washington Green honor a Middletown soldier or sailor who gave his life in World War I. Middletown citizens planted 33 trees on November 14, 1920 to commemorate the city's fallen sons. . . . — — Map (db m98681) HM

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109 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — Wesleyan University’s “College Row” —

In 1825, a visitor standing here would have seen a crowd of boys clad in soldiers uniforms, practicing military drills, or racing to their classes. The cadets, as they were called, were students at the new American Literary, Scientific and . . . — — Map (db m98686) HM

110 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — William A. O’Neill —

. . . — — Map (db m100150) HM

111 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Middletown — William J. Johnston —

In Memory of William J. Johnston Dedicated - 2001 Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient Private First Class – U.S. Army “For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty in action . . . — — Map (db m100092) WM

112 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook — American Legion Post 113 Memorial —

American Legion Post 113 In Memory Of Our Departed Comrades — — Map (db m65183) WM

113 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook — Old Saybrook — Qui Transtulit Sustinet —

Occupied 1635 under Sponsorship of Puritan Lords and Gentlemen — — Map (db m66458) HM

114 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Adriaen Block & New Netherland —

Captain Adriaen Block was a Dutch trader and privateer who journeyed to the Hudson River and Manhattan Island in 1611 to trade for fur with the Lenape people who lived there. Between 1611 and 1614, Block made four voyages during which he explored . . . — — Map (db m227279) HM

115 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Adrian Block / Dutch Exploration — Reported permanently removed

Adrian Block was an attorney and an explorer from the Netherlands that had an eye for profitable enterprise. The market for furs in Europe was tremendous in the early 17th century and Block was looking to make his fortune by selling beaver pelts . . . — — Map (db m182714) HM

116 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Anna Louise James — (1886 - 1977) —

The first African-American female pharmacist in Connecticut, proprietor of the James Pharmacy and beloved member of the community for generations of residents and visitors. Known to all as "Miss James," she represented the humanitarian spirit that . . . — — Map (db m227270) HM

117 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Battlefields of the Pequot War — Siege and Battle of Saybrook Fort Historical Route —

The Pequot War was the first major conflict between Native Americans and Europeans in northeastern North America. It began in September 1636, lasted eleven months, and involved thousands of Native and English peoples who fought several major . . . — — Map (db m181051) HM WM

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118 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Battlefields of the Pequot War — Siege and Battle of Saybrook Fort Historical Route —

The Pequot War was the first major conflict between Native Americans and Europeans in northeastern North America. It began in September 1636, lasted eleven months, and involved thousands of Native and English peoples who fought several major . . . — — Map (db m181994) HM

119 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Battlefields of the Pequot War — Siege and Battle of Saybrook Fort Historical Route —

The Pequot War was the first major conflict between Native Americans and Europeans in northeastern North America. It began in September 1636, lasted eleven months, and involved thousands of Native and English peoples who fought several major . . . — — Map (db m182310) HM

120 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Battlefields of the Pequot War — Siege and Battle of Saybrook Fort Historical Route —

The Pequot War was the first major conflict between Native Americans and Europeans in northeastern North America. It began in September 1636, lasted eleven months, and involved thousands of Native and English peoples who fought several major . . . — — Map (db m182709) HM

121 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Battlefields of the Pequot War — Siege and Battle of Saybrook Fort Historical Route —

The Pequot War was the first major conflict between Native Americans and Europeans in northeastern North America. It began in September 1636, lasted eleven months, and involved thousands of Native and English peoples who fought several major . . . — — Map (db m183079) HM

122 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Collegiate School in Old Saybrook and Yale University — 1701 - 1716 —

Saybrook and the Collegiate School English settlers arrived in Saybrook in 1635 and for the next several years endured warfare with the native peoples, the loss of approximately half the population to settle Norwich, and the hardship of . . . — — Map (db m182035) HM

123 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Connecticut Valley Railroad Roundhouse & Turntable Site —

Connecticut Valley Railroad Roundhouse & Turntable Site has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior April 28, 1994 — — Map (db m182038) HM

124 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Cypress Cemetery — The Ancient Burying Ground —

History of Saybrook Colony Saybrook Colony was established at the mouth of the Connecticut River, about 1/2 mile from this location, by English Puritans in 1635 under the leadership of Lieutenant Lion Gardiner who built a fort and laid out a . . . — — Map (db m182001) HM

125 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Doctor Samuel Eliot House —

This Property has been Placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior Doctor Samuel Eliot House c 1737 — — Map (db m181997) HM

126 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — First Site of Yale College —

The First Site of Yale College Founded 1701 Removed 1716 — — Map (db m182007) HM

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127 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Fishing on the Connecticut —

Because of the combination of fresh and saltwater habitats at the river's mouth, a wide variety of fish species have the opportunity to feed, reproduce and/or establish populations. The Native American diet depended on this variety and . . . — — Map (db m227284) HM

128 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Fort Saybrook – 1635 —

The first fort at Saybrook Point, built in 1630, was similar to other English coastal settlements. Lion Gardiner designed the fort in the European tradition as a square, palisaded fortification containing several structures, surrounded by an . . . — — Map (db m182723) HM

129 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — In this shop… —

In this shop Lafayette made a purchase in 1824. — — Map (db m227269) HM

130 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Lady Alice Fenwick —

. . . — — Map (db m181998) HM

131 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — 55 — Lafayette's Tour — Mapping the Farewell Tour™ — The Lafayette Trail —

On August 21, 1824, General Lafayette reached Saybrook where he spent the night while traveling from New York City to Boston, MA. — — Map (db m227271) HM

132 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Lighthouses and River Pilots —

The shifting sand bar at the mouth of the river made it difficult for large ships to negotiate the shallow harbor. The first Lynde Point Lighthouse built in 1803, a wooden octagonal tower 35 feet high, warned ships of the sandbar that blocked much . . . — — Map (db m182307) HM

133 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Lion Gardiner —

In 1635 Lieutenant Lion Gardiner, a tall redheaded military engineer, was engaged by Governor John Winthrop, Jr. to build a fort and lay out a town for the Warwick Patentees. His contract was for a period of four years at an annual salary of 100 . . . — — Map (db m182730) HM

134 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Old Saybrook —

Old Saybrook Occupied 1635 Under Sponsorship Of Putitan Lords And Gentlemen — — Map (db m78807) HM

135 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Old Saybrook Historical Society —

Dedicated to Preserving, Protecting and Promoting the History of Old Saybrook Frank Stevenson Archives Frank Stevenson (1912-1997) Frank Stevenson, a lifelong Saybrook resident, tended the lawns, plants, houses and people of the North . . . — — Map (db m181142) HM

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136 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Old Saybrook Historical Society and the General William Hart House —

General William Hart House, 1767 The General William Hart House, 1767, on the National Register of Historic Places, is a Living Symbol of our American Heritage. This Georgian colonial was built by a young man of means from a prominent family . . . — — Map (db m239187) HM

137 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Old Saybrook Veterans Memorial —

Erected By The Citizens Of Old Saybrook In Memory Of Her Sons Who Died At War World War I Harry Faulk World War II Gildo Baldoni • Robert Delap • Dominic Evangelisti • Wendel Fifield • Francis Dibble Harvey • John LaCastro • Robert . . . — — Map (db m78810) WM

138 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Old Saybrook World War I Monument —

In Memory Of Old Saybrook’s Sons Who Served ( back ) Honor Roll -- Army -- * Faulk Harry G. • Allen Benjamin K. • Allen William P. • Beach Hart Jarvis • Beard Joel M. • Bogue Edward S. • Bowe Daniel C. • Bowe Edward A. • Briggs Frank L. . . . — — Map (db m78808) WM

139 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Say Brooke Fort —

Say Brooke Fort Commanded by Colonel George Fenwick At the mouth of the Great River Near this place stood the First English Fort in the Colony of Connecticut built in 1635 It was destroyed by fire in 1647. Beyond it on the bank of . . . — — Map (db m183083) HM

140 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Say-Brooke —

Say-Brooke Founded November 1635. First English settlement on south shore of New England. Named for Viscount Say and Seale and Robert, Lord Brooke, two of the group of English nobility and gentry who, in 1632, received a patent from Robert, Earl of . . . — — Map (db m180991) HM

141 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The Connecticut River —

The only river that flows the length of New England, 400 miles from the Canadian border to Long Island Sound, the Connecticut River is often compared in its beauty to the Hudson and Rhine Rivers. It has withstood intensive development mainly . . . — — Map (db m182720) HM

142 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The Connecticut Valley Railroad —

The Connecticut State Charter for the Connecticut Valley Railroad was obtained July 17, 1868. Surveys for the right of way, largely following the banks of the Connecticut River from Hartford to Saybrook Point, were completed in 1869. Track . . . — — Map (db m182039) HM

143 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The Fenwicks —

George Fenwick, the only Warwick Patentee to settle in Saybrook, arrived here in 1639 to become its second Governor and to replace Lion Gardiner. With his wife and son, two sisters and servants, he took up residence in the great hall within the . . . — — Map (db m182728) HM

144 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The Ferry —

Prior to the construction of a railroad bridge in 1862 and an automobile bridge in 1911, ferries provided the only passenger service from Saybrook across the Connecticut River. The earliest ferries were powered by various combinations of sail, oar, . . . — — Map (db m182303) HM

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145 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The First Church of Christ in Saybrook —

Organized in "the great hall" of the fort in the summer of 1646. — — Map (db m227275) HM

146 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The Pequot War —

The English settlers had no trouble making friends with the native River Indians but found it impossible to pacify the Pequots, who in 1633 murdered a party of nine Englishmen at the mouth of the River. After Fort Saybrook was built, three . . . — — Map (db m182726) HM

147 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The Saybrook Bar — Reported permanently removed

Ever since Adrian Block's discovery of the Connecticut River in 1614, the extensive bar at its mouth has been an obstacle for mariners, preventing vessels of deep draft from entering. The runoff from the source of the river in Canada traveling . . . — — Map (db m182715) HM

148 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — The Saybrook Bar —

Ever Since Adrian Block's discovery of the Connecticut River in 1614, the elusive bar at its mouth has been an obstacle to mariner, preventing vessels of deep draft from entering. The runoff from the source of the river in Canada . . . — — Map (db m227281) HM

149 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Third Meetinghouse —

Third Meetinghouse Congregational From 1726-1839 the Third Meetinghouse stood on this Church Green on land generously given by John Pratt and his son, Isaac. Measuring 48 feet long by 38 feet wide, the building's main entrance was located on . . . — — Map (db m180992) HM

150 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Welcome to Fort Saybrook — Reported permanently removed

Fort Saybrook Monument Park consists of nearly 18 acres, about eleven of which are marshland. The park adjoins the mouth of the Connecticut River, a major New England estuary and tidal river. It has been recognized by an international convention . . . — — Map (db m182308) HM

151 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Welcome to Fort Saybrook —

Fort Saybrook Monument Park consists of nearly 18 acres, about eleven of which are marshland. The park adjoins the mouth of the Connecticut River, a major New England estuary and tidal river. It has been recognized by an international convention . . . — — Map (db m182719) HM

152 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Welcome to Fort Saybrook Monument Park —

Native Peoples Fort Saybrook Monument Park consists of nearly 18 acres, about 11 of which are marshland, and borders the Connecticut River called by Native Americans "quineteckut" or "long, tidal river." Prior to the arrival of Europeans in . . . — — Map (db m227286) HM

153 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — William Vars — 1892 —

First resident of Three Stories — — Map (db m227277) HM

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154 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Winthrop and the Warwick Patent —

The Earl of Warwick, President of the Council for New England, received from King James I, the right to settle the area from Narragansett River to the Pacific. In 1631 he conveyed the Patent to 15 Puritan Lords and Gentlemen for refuge in case the . . . — — Map (db m182721) HM

155 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Old Saybrook, Old Saybrook Center — Yale College Site —

Near Here Was The First Site of Yale College Founded in 1701 Known then as The Collegiate School Removed in 1716 ( back ) The heirs of Alfred F. Wolcott purchased and gave this site to the Town of Old Saybrook on April 1914 . . . — — Map (db m182032) HM

156 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Portland — Brownstone Arch —

The Holt Brothers and Redding Iron Works of California manufactured and shipped logging arches, throughout the United States in the late 1800's. Pulled by teams of oxen, arches were used in Portland to transfer cut brownstone from the quarries. . . . — — Map (db m216460) HM

157 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Portland — Portland —

Formerly known as East Middletown (1714-1767), later as Chatham (1767-1841), Portland was incorporated in 1841. Land had been granted on the east side of the Connecticut River in 1652; the first permanent settler, James Stancliff, a stone cutter, . . . — — Map (db m216455) HM

158 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Portland — Portland’s Arch —

Just west of here are Portland's Brownstone Quarries, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998. The history of Portland is a remarkable reflection of the immigration patterns and technology associated with the American Industrial . . . — — Map (db m216456) HM

159 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Portland — Portland Brownstone —

Portland: “A History Carved in Brownstone” Early colonists in Connecticut gazed across to the eastern shore of the big bend in the Connecticut River at the outcroppings of reddish-brown sandstone. Little did they know that this stone . . . — — Map (db m140234) HM

160 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Portland — Portland Civil War Memorial —

Erected May30, 1872 By the Town of Portland. To the Memory of Her Brave Sons Who GAVE Their Lives in Defence of The Union During the War of The Rebellion 1861 – 65. Samuel N. Gaston, Co. D. 20. C.V. Died June 21, 1863. . . . — — Map (db m140232) WM

161 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Westbrook, Westbrook Center — Westbrook Honor Roll —

1914     1919 Westbrook Honor Roll Not Only To Our Own, But To Those In The Service Who Have Made Westbrook Their Summer Home We Offer Our Gratitude And Affection Avery Frederick R. · Boehm Joseph J. · Buell George R. · Bushnell Benajah . . . — — Map (db m100208) WM

162 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Westbrook, Westbrook Center — Westbrook Honor Roll Korean Conflict —

Westbrook Honor Roll Korean Conflict June 27, 1950 – October 27, 1953 Beaber, Edward J. · Beaber, Ferdinand M. · Brainard, Charles F. · Brainard, Gordon G. · Brown, Frederick R. · Culver, Donald C. · Cyphers, Albert H. · Dibble, George E. . . . — — Map (db m100213) WM

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163 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Westbrook, Westbrook Center — Westbrook Honor Roll Vietnam Conflict —

Westbrook Honor Roll Vietnam Conflict January 1, 1964 — July 1, 1975 Bakoledis, Dennis · Bakoledis, Stanley · Bassett, Phg J. · Baxter, Nordell J.,Jr. · Beck, Victor C. · Blouin, Rickie N. · Bluss, Ainars · Bradley, David C. · Broggi, . . . — — Map (db m100211) WM

164 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Westbrook, Westbrook Center — Westbrook World War II Monument —

In Grateful Appreciation To Westbrook’s Men and Women of World War II Who Stood - A Selfless Wall Against The March Of Greed They Fought For Peace – And Not Possession ★Calderari, Donald   ★Hoxsie, Theron E.   . . . — — Map (db m100210) WM

165 ► Connecticut, Middlesex County, Westbrook, Westbrook Center — Westbrook’s Civil War Soldiers —

Westbrook’s Civil War Soldiers Fought for the Union All, But One 1861 – 1865 Honored here through the efforts of the Westbrook Historical Society Funded by the Westbrook Foundation Boone, Christopher W. · Burdick, Leroy S. · Bushnell, . . . — — Map (db m100212) WM

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