Founded in 1905, Rotary International is headquartered in Evanston, Illinois and is the world’s oldest service organization. This plaque is erected on the occasion of the 92nd Annual Convention in which more than 20,000 Rotarians from over 120 . . . — — Map (db m30193) HM
In November 1916, Maj. Benjamin Foulois of the Aviation Section of the U.S. Army's Signal Corps chose a tract of land approximately three-fourths of a mile to the southeast of this spot to serve as a flying field for the Army Aviation Corps. In . . . — — Map (db m65285) HM
In 1896, a court case involving Ricardo Rodríguez brought attention to questions of citizenship and voting rights for Mexican Texans. Although several actions had granted citizenship to large numbers of Tejanos during the 1800s, some sought to . . . — — Map (db m130096) HM
In years gone by, the southern portion of Main Plaza was devoted to the restaurant purposes of the Mexicans, and there one could obtain at any time a plate of chili-con-carne, frijoles, tamales, or whatever his taste might crave in the way of . . . — — Map (db m30206) HM
Area was first explored and named by Spaniards in 1691. Colonial settlement began here May 1-5, 1718, with founding of Franciscan Mission San Antonio de Valero (later known as "The Alamo"). In vicinity of the mission was the Presidio San Antonio . . . — — Map (db m30588) HM
Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the US government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury tallen Union . . . — — Map (db m163714) HM
As the granddaughter of Lorenzo de Zavala (1789-1836), first vice-president of the Republic of Texas, young Adina de Zavala was exposed to vivid accounts of Texas' revolutionary and republican past. She became a guiding force in the preservation . . . — — Map (db m61083) HM
Teacher, historian and preservationist Adina Emilia de Zavala was born in Harris County, Texas, on November 28, 1861. She was the daughter of Augustine and Julia Tyrrell de Zavala, and the granddaughter of Lorenzo de Zavala, first Vice-President of . . . — — Map (db m163739) HM
On this spot bodies of heroes slain at the Alamo were burned on a funeral pyre. Fragments of the bodies were afterward buried here. This tablet is the gift of relatives of Green B. Jemision and of other friends.
Second Marker
The De . . . — — Map (db m30589) HM
Mission San Antonio de Valero, established nearby in 1718, was relocated here in 1724. By 1762, the mission plaza was enclosed by thick stone and adobe walls. The 11x14-foot main gateway was located at this site along the south wall. In 1803 . . . — — Map (db m30713) HM
Near this site in 1879, Englishman William Loyd discovered a blue argillaceous limestone believed to be a natural cement rock. Analysis by San Antonio druggist and chemist George H. Kalteyer confirmed the rock contained proper proportions of lime . . . — — Map (db m65282) HM
Alfred Giles is remembered as a major architect who designed many edifices throughout Texas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Born in 1853 in Hillingdon, Middlesex County, England, Giles spent his early days as an architect's . . . — — Map (db m118800) HM
At first called "Devil's Rope" by cowboys, barbed wire was patented in 1873 but found little favor with Texas cattlemen until the late 1870s, when its use and practicality were shown in a sensational demonstration here in San Antonio. Its . . . — — Map (db m61084) HM
Once called "bobwire" by cowboys, barbed wire was a French invention first patented in the U.S., in 1867, but it did not gain favor with cattlemen until late 1870s. Joseph Glidden of Dekalb, Illinois, received a patent for his barbed wire in 1874, . . . — — Map (db m30607) HM
El Presidente Benito Juárez encabezó la Reforma que consolidó el México moderno, defendió la soberanía nacional contra la intervención extranjera e impulsó el desarrollo económico del país.
As one of the creators of modern Mexico, President . . . — — Map (db m82940) HM
The administrative government of Bexar County, besides being the oldest in Texas, is distinguished by having served under nine governments. The community served under Spanish rule from May, 1718, until January, 1811, when it was taken over by the . . . — — Map (db m53972) HM
A German immigrant, August Biesenbach (1848-1915) and his wife, Louisa (1852-1916), began construction of this house in 1880. The walls of the house are stucco over brick with a hipped roof and Gothic Revival details. From 1910 to 1955, the house . . . — — Map (db m118875) HM
Construction of Bolivar Hall was begun in 1940 and completed in 1941. The combination library, museum, and community center was dedicated to the promotion of inter-American peace, and was named in honor of South American patriot, Simon Bolivar. . . . — — Map (db m82915) HM
Otto Bombach, a carpenter, built this combination house and store in 1856 before moving to Mexico. His wife lived here and managed the property until it was sold in 1869. Victor Bracht, author of Texas in 1848, lived here briefly, and in . . . — — Map (db m82888) HM
Margarita Pérez de Rodríguez, consort of Compañía de Béxar soldier Jose Antonio Rodríguez, was given this land "in satisfaction of her constitutional allowance." She sold the property in 1851 to San Antonio postmaster John Bowen, who conveyed it to . . . — — Map (db m82896) HM
This tract of land is a natural peninsula in the San Antonio River. It once was bounded by the river on three sides and on the fourth by the Concepcion Acequia. In 1845 John Bowen, a native of Philadelphia, bought the property from Maria Josefa . . . — — Map (db m30864) HM
The narrow strip of land known to residents in the middle 1800s as Galveston Island was actually a peninsula surrounded on three sides by a bend in the San Antonio River. It was called an island because the fourth side was almost completely closed . . . — — Map (db m128527) HM
Official Historical Medallion - Texas Historical Commission Completed in 1909 for Gen. John Lampham Bullis, this Neo-Classical Revival Residence was designed by San Antonio architect Harvey Page. A native of New York, Bullis spent much of his . . . — — Map (db m35099) HM
Heroic defender of honor of Texas and the United States. Born in Lexington, N.C., came to Texas in 1869. Gained National fame as Grayson County Marshal and Deputy Sheriff, 1871 - 1876. Served with Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers, 1876 - 1880, . . . — — Map (db m163407) HM
One of the founders of the Groos National Bank, Carl W. Goos (1830-1893) came to Texas from Germany in 1848. The Groos home, designed by Alfred Giles, was built in 1880 by John H. Campmann. Porch detailing on the Victorian residence reveals . . . — — Map (db m118893) HM
Casa José Antonio
Navarro
has been designated a
National Historic
Landmark
Home of statesman and historian José Antonio Navarro (1795-1871), signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence, a writer of the State Constitution, . . . — — Map (db m131014) HM
A descendant of early Texas colonists, including a veteran of San Jacinto, Clara Driscoll was born in Refugio County and grew up as a wealthy rancher's daughter. In 1903, soon after returning from school in Europe, she learned that the Long . . . — — Map (db m30130) HM
Title to the Alamo Mission property,
acquired through her efforts and
her personal fortune, was conveyed by
Clara Driscoll
to the State of Texas, Sept. 5th 1905:
“That the sacred shrine be saved from the
encroachments of . . . — — Map (db m30734) HM
Came to Texas 1829. Served in Battles of Anahuac and San Jacinto in Texas War for Independence and the Indian, Mexican and Civil Wars. Born Natchez, Miss., Married Mary Ann Sawyer 1850. Prominent in Civic and Public Affairs.
Recorded - . . . — — Map (db m163736) HM
At an elevation of 1340 feet, Comanche Hill is the fourth highest point in Bexar County. The hill lies on the southeastern edge of the Edwards Plateau and makes up the western edge of the Blackland Prairie. Throughout history this site has provided . . . — — Map (db m157297) HM
The 20th anniversary of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signing ceremony which occurred in this place on October 7, 1992 between the countries of Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America. From left to right (standing) . . . — — Map (db m82883) HM
Life in San Antonio in the 1700s revolved around Main and Military plazas west of the river and Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo) east of the river.
Residents traveled between the plazas and mission along an unpaved street that led to a . . . — — Map (db m119155) HM
The main ford between San Fernando de Bexar (the city) and San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo), this river crossing has long been a focal point of history. At its footbridge on Feb 23, 1836, Alamo emissary Albert Martin met to parley with Santa Anna's . . . — — Map (db m30591) HM
This cemetery is located within part of a 40-acre grant of land given to the city of San Antonio by the King of Spain. The property was later subdivided into twenty-nine separate cemeteries by city aldermen, and this area was designated as City . . . — — Map (db m30150) HM
Native San Antonian Henry B. Gonzalez spent 45 years in elective public office (city, state, federal) doing what he liked most - serving the people of San Antonio. As his seniority in Congress grew, he developed a greater role in serving the entire . . . — — Map (db m31890) HM
Here stood the early Court House, City Council Room, etc., and where occurred the Indian Massacre in 1840, and where the Court was captured in 1842. De Zavala Daughters of the Heroes of Texas. 1924. — — Map (db m142413) HM
Jack Harris was born in Connecticut in 1834 and ran away to sea at the age of 12. In 1856 he was a member of William Walker's Nicaragua Expedition where he was captured and put in front of a firing squad before being rescued by Walker. Harris . . . — — Map (db m156442) HM
Given in 1952 by his granddaughter, Edna Steves Vaughan, and her husband, Curtis T. Vaughan. Owned, restored and maintained as a house museum by the San Antonio Conservation Society. — — Map (db m118861) HM
Former Confederate officer and Virginia state legislator Elias Edmonds married Lucy Noyes Hall in 1871, and they moved to San Antonio that year.
In 1877, they built one of the first houses in the King William neighborhood. Elias was a successful . . . — — Map (db m118798) HM
During the 1930s, San Antonio native Emma Tenayuca was a prominent leader of a movement that fought deplorable working conditions, discrimination and unfair wages on behalf of the city's working poor. As a child, Tenayuca had often visited the Plaza . . . — — Map (db m81175) HM
Built about 1890, this home was constructed on land bordering the Mission Concepcion Acequia (Canal). In 1896 the site was purchased by Prussian native William Ernst (1830-1904), a former mail carrier between Fredericksburg and San Antonio. Ernst . . . — — Map (db m61089) HM
Robert H. H. Hugman, architect, revered for his role in development of the river walk, 1939-1941, opened his office at river level in this circular space in early 1941. He remarked at the time, "I opened my office at river level. When I did this, . . . — — Map (db m30606) HM
The first World War came to America on April 6, 1917, when President Woodrow Wilson signed the declaration, passed by Congress, that a state of war existed between the United States of America and Germany. Immediately thereafter, eight camps were . . . — — Map (db m163352) HM
The San Antonio River and surrounding creeks have experienced devastating floods throughout the city's history. Major flooding in 1819, 1868, 1913, and 1921 caused extensive property damage and loss of life. An engineering study after the 1868 . . . — — Map (db m119035) HM
The San Antonio de Padua Mission was founded in San Antonio in 1716 by the Franciscan Father, Antonio Olivares, and after merging with the San Francisco Solano Mission in 1718, it was officially founded as the San Antonio de Valero Mission. The . . . — — Map (db m9228) HM
Mrs. Florence Terry Griswold (1875-1941), a native Texan reared along the Mexican border, provided aid to refugees of Mexico's 1910 revolution. On October 16, 1916, she and 21 friends met at the historic Menger Hotel to found the Pan American Round . . . — — Map (db m30596) HM
Founder of Mission San Jose Born August 18, 1657 Valencia, Spain Died August 06, 1726 Mexico City, Mexico
Fray Margil received his holy orders at age twenty-five in Spain. For the next forty-three years he traveled by foot as far south as . . . — — Map (db m163837) HM
Brought about as Texas moved to expel 2600 Federal troops – a step necessary after secession. Frontier fighter Ben McCulloch with 400 volunteers forced surrender negotiations at headquarters of Gen. Twiggs a block and a half from here, by 4 . . . — — Map (db m30326) HM
Erected in grateful recognition of
the supreme act of heroism of the
thirty two men from Gonzales
who gave their lives in the Alamo
in response to the appeal of Travis.
Erected March 1, 1936 — — Map (db m30777) HM
José Amador was given this property by the Spanish Government in 1817. His heirs sold it to P.L. Buquor in 1847. Later that year, James Gray bought the land and built this house, which he sold to French consul Francois Guilbeau in 1853. Another . . . — — Map (db m82893) HM
This house is one of three standing antebellum structures in the King William Historic District.
Gustav Blersch, a German immigrant, importer and retail dealer, built this two-story limestone home in 1860 with designer Gustave Freisleben and . . . — — Map (db m118909) HM
Mayer Halff (1836-1905) immigrated to Texas from Lauterborg, Alsace Lorraine, France, in 1850. In partnership with his brother Solomon, he opened a mercantile business in Liberty and began a cattle ranching enterprise. They moved to San Antonio in . . . — — Map (db m82808) HM
Secretary 1st Texas Senate, Legislator 1849. Speaker of House 1854-1856. Served campaigns against Comanches. Lieutenant, Cavalry, Mexican War 1846. Confederate presidential elector 1861. Brigadier General State Militia 1861. Appointed same rank . . . — — Map (db m163775) HM
This oak tree planted in the spring of 1965 in memory of the Heroes of the Alamo. Presented by the First Officers' Training Camp Association of Texas, Leon Springs, Texas, May 8...August 15, 1917. Roster of First Campers filed in Alamo Library. — — Map (db m30599) HM
The Curbier Family, which was granted land in La Villita after the 1819 flood, sold this property in 1854 to Rafael Herrera, husband of their daughter Vicenta. Herrera built this house and owned it until 1897. The property, which extended back to . . . — — Map (db m82900) HM
Juana Francisca Montes de Flores inherited this property from her husband, Jose Leonardo de la Garza, and sold it to Ernest Hessler in 1869. Hessler built this house before 1873, when it appears on the city map. He never lived here, and in 1891 sold . . . — — Map (db m82912) HM
Like 208 South Presa, which it resembles, this house was probably built shortly after 1869 on land purchased by Ernest Hessler from Juana Francisca Montes de Flores. The structure, which appears on the 1873 city map, was rented when Louis Foutrel . . . — — Map (db m82913) HM
Houston Street, known from the 1700s until the middle 1800s as Paseo (passageway) or Paseo Hondo (deep passageway), was sloped to the San Antonio River. Nearby land drained to the river, and the usually dusty street became a muddy . . . — — Map (db m119149) HM
In the early years, mission Indians lived in small detached houses called jacales. In 1755, eighty-four of these jacales lined "streets" in what is today the plaza. But after 1768, as conflicts with Apaches and Comanches increased, the . . . — — Map (db m32738) HM
Served in the Army of Texas March 6, 1836 to November 16 1837 • Born in Swanton Vermont, September 4, 1815 Died April 15, 1876 Erected by the State of Texas — — Map (db m163399) HM
To the Memory of
The Heroes of the Alamo
[Poem in Chinese follows]
Japanese Monument
The story of the Alamo reaches far beyond the borders of Texas. More than 2.6 million visitors from around the world came to the Alamo in 1996. The . . . — — Map (db m30779) HM
In 1899, John Lang Sinclair became a student at the University of Texas (UT) in Austin. The first UT band was formed in 1900 and Sinclair, possessing an aptitude for music, joined it as well as the Glee Club. The student head of the Glee Club, . . . — — Map (db m30131) HM
Native South Carolinian, pioneer doctor and editor, Republic of Texas Congressman, twice State Senator, Jack Hay's adjutant in War with Mexico, fearless Ranger Captain in border and Indian campaigns, Confederate colonel, Mayor of Austin and . . . — — Map (db m163782) HM
Here he entertained Robert E. Lee and other famous men. He was known for his Christianity, hospitality, and charity to the poor and orphans. He blew up his store to keep the powder and shot from the enemy during Vasquez's Raid March 1842. He was . . . — — Map (db m30600) HM
Great early San Antonio leader, a native of North Carolina. Moved to Illinois, then to Missouri, where he was sheriff of Rawls County in 1824. Came to Texas with Green DeWitt in 1826 and settled at Gonzales.
Smith moved to San Antonio in 1828 . . . — — Map (db m82880) HM
One of two native Texans who signed Declaration of Independence and helped found Republic of Texas.
Ruiz, born in San Antonio, son of a wealthy rancher, was educated in Spain. Upon returning home, he was appointed school teacher by order of the . . . — — Map (db m130094) HM
We strolled into a Justice’s Court the other day, and were reminded of the time when God smote the children of men with a confusion of tongues. A German was complained of by a Mexican, and a Frenchman was the witness. Each spoke his native tongue . . . — — Map (db m30208) HM
As World War I raged in Europe, the United States began to build up and expand its military aviation forces. In his search for a new army aviation training site, Maj. Benjamin Foulois found 700 acres of flat farmland with a water supply near the . . . — — Map (db m65284) HM
The river followed an irregular course through the town center and irrigated the lower farmlands of Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo) to the south. After the mission was secularized 1793, the surrounding fields were distributed to . . . — — Map (db m118908) HM
As early as 1877, this land was the site of an adobe residence where Mrs. Kate Womble operated a boarding house popular among travelers to San Antonio. The house appeared on the 1873 city map. The Sanborn Insurance maps show it as late as 1904. The . . . — — Map (db m82910) HM
La Villita, “The Little Village”, settled about 1722 as “The Town of the Alamo". Here General Martin de Perfecto Cos signed the Articles of Capitulation to Texians December 11, 1835 and General Santa Anna's artillery battery . . . — — Map (db m82886) HM
La Villita, located on the south bank of the San Antonio River a short distance south of Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo), was settled in the 1700s. Situated on the river’s high bank near the mission, villa, and presidio, the area was . . . — — Map (db m128808) HM
Commandancy of the Alamo,
Bexar, Feby. 24th, 1836-
To the people of Texas & all Americans in the world--
Fellow citizens and compatriots
I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans and Santa Anna - I have sustained a . . . — — Map (db m78329) HM
In 1846, the Rev. J.W. De Vilbiss bought a Methodist Church site (across street) in this block. He set up a bell, to denote worship site, but did not build when lot title proved defective. In 1879, German Methodists erected this Gothic Revival . . . — — Map (db m61253) HM
Throughout history it has often been desirable to allow boats to travel up streams farther than shallow water would normally allow them to go. For centuries this problem has been solved by using dams, gates, and locks.
Since 1941, dams . . . — — Map (db m119049) HM
Mariano Romano Losana bought this land in 1859, and probably built this house soon afterward. It was purchased by Rafael Lopez in l866 and sold again in 1871, when the deed referred to “the house, out houses, fences and all other . . . — — Map (db m82894) HM
August Beisenbach, city clerk of San Antonio states that when he was an 8 year old boy playing on the Alameda (Commerce St.) he witnessed the exhuming of bodies or remains consisting of bones and fragments of bones, of victims of the siege of The . . . — — Map (db m163441) HM
Legend states that in 1836 Lt. Col. William Barret Travis unsheathed his sword and
drew a line on this ground before his battle-weary men stating: “Those prepared to
give their lives in Freedom’s cause, come over to me!” — — Map (db m123951) HM
Ludwig Mahncke was born in Mecklenburg-Strelitz (now Germany) in 1846. Mahncke married Katarina (Kemp) in 1871 and the couple had two daughters. The family left Germany and arrived in the United States in 1882, settling in San Antonio shortly after. . . . — — Map (db m65740) HM
Houston native Lydia Mendoza was one of the first and most famous singers of the Texas-Mexico border and Latin America. Her 1934 recording of "Mal Hombre” for Bluebird Records launched a decades-long career. Mendoza became famous for . . . — — Map (db m150255) HM
Spanish urban planners in the New World knew how to create a vibrant community: its two interconnected building blocks were a cathedral and a plaza.
This spatial structure compelled the citizens of New Spain to revolve around a civic center, . . . — — Map (db m118154) HM
During the Main Plaza renovation in 2007, archaeologists discovered remnants of a military fortification underneath this street. This entrenchment would have been part of San Antonio's defense against attacks during the turbulent revolutionary . . . — — Map (db m30214) HM
Constructed in 1928, at a cost of $3,000,000 this structure was designed by John Eberson for Karl Hoblitzelle, owner of the interstate theatre chain. Chiefly Spanish Colonial Revival in design, its eclectic features include paired columns supporting . . . — — Map (db m30605) HM
Artisans of Mexican Arts and Crafts, founded by San Antonio entrepreneur Ethel Wilson Harris in 1931, created this mural for Mayor Maury Maverick as a private work for a family home.
From 1939 to 1941, Harris also supervised the WPA Arts and . . . — — Map (db m119066) HM
Exact replica of pub in London's House of Lords. Theodore Roosevelt recruited "Rough Riders" here in 1898. Site of more cattle deals than any other place in Texas and San Antonio's oldest continuously operated saloon. — — Map (db m30556) HM
Early San Antonio boarding house keeper, Wm. Menger in 1859 opened fine stone hotel, the "new" Menger, beside Alamo Plaza. To host Indians, presidents, poets, actors, generals, singers, public of the world. Served venison, quail, mutton, beef, . . . — — Map (db m30597) HM
In recognition of its nurturing
atmosphere for
William Sidney Porter (O. Henry)
Theodore Roosevelt
Sidney Lanier
Oscar Wilde
January 14, 2000
———————
[Marker in the 1859 hotel lobby] . . . — — Map (db m31844) HM
William A. (1827-1871) and Mary Menger, both born in Germany, opened a boarding house and brewery at this site in 1855, when most local businesses were still clustered around Main Plaza and Military Plaza. The popularity of the boarding house led . . . — — Map (db m92750) HM
More than a church, Mission Concepción was also a village, fort, school, farm, and ranch.
At the missions the Franciscans gathered the native peoples together, converted them to Catholicism, taught them Spanish culture, and sought to . . . — — Map (db m164052) HM
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