101 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Mound Builders Village —

Side 1 Pioneer archeologist Dr. W.H. Over recorded that the prehistoric builders of the nearby Sherman Park burial mounds lived in a 10-acre village on a lower terrace south of this location. The village extended west from 26th Street . . . — — Map (db m139822) HM

102 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 677 — Mount Pleasant Cemetery —

In late 1873, the young frontier town of Sioux Falls, Dakota Territory, population 150, established its first cemetery organization, Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Initially, twenty acres of land were purchased at a location east of town presumed to be . . . — — Map (db m181920) HM

103 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Municipal Airport —

The first effort to establish an airport at this location was undertaken in 1936 by Mayor A. N. Graff, who advocated purchase of 320 acres of Water Department land. On April 16, 1937, the Department of Air Commerce approved the site for a proposed . . . — — Map (db m194625) HM

104 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Namesake of the City —

Sioux Falls took its name from these falls which are located in the Big Sioux River. Surrounded by a sea of grass, the falls were a remarkable discovery for explorers. For the land speculators that followed the explorers, these falls provided an . . . — — Map (db m127423) HM

105 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Never Came Home —

With reverence, humility, and enormous respect, we honor our soldiers who have lost their lives abroad in the line of duty. Their courageous acts and personal sacrifice embody the meaning of valor. May this memorial stand as a continual . . . — — Map (db m208034) WM

106 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Never Forget Garden — Tomb of the Unknown Soldier —

This garden is a living tribute to all of America's veterans and their families. In silence and respect, this is a place to remember why millions of Americans have fought and died for our liberty and our freedom. Here we renew our promise to fulfill . . . — — Map (db m208149) WM

107 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Nyberg's Ace Bandstand — Pioneer Lane —

In pioneer times, much of the entertainment was "home made." Rural schools and churches were social centers where lectures, debates, contests, recitations, and music delighted farm families. In small towns, the bandstands in the park were where . . . — — Map (db m244822) HM

108 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Owancatowin —

Under the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, Indians were permitted to claim 160-acre homesteads on public lands. In February of 1869, a band of Dakota families left the Santee Agency at Niobrara, Nebr., to head for eastern Dakota Territory. They were on . . . — — Map (db m208567) HM

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109 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Patrick Henry —

"As long as our rivers flow, or mountains stand, ...say to the rising generations, imitate the excellence of Patrick Henry!" Virginia Gazette, June 14, 1799. Patrick Henry, 1736-1799, was a distinguished orator, lawyer, and politician. . . . — — Map (db m199746) HM

110 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Patrick Henry Brady —

Major, U.S. Army, Medical Service Corps, 54th Medical Detachment, 67th Medical Group, 44th Medical Brigade near Chu Lai, Republic of Vietnam, 6 January 1968 Born 1 October 1936, Philip, South Dakota Entered service at Seattle, Washington . . . — — Map (db m208042) HM

111 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Philander Prescott —

Various explorers may have visited the falls of the Big Sioux River in the 17th and 18th centuries, but there is no definite proof. An early State Historian, Doane Robinson, believed that Charles Le Sueur had visited the falls as early as 1683. . . . — — Map (db m198700) HM

112 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Pillars of the Nation — McKennan Park Historic District —

With World War II threatening the tranquility of the United States in 1940, Oscar Ellefson, caretaker and builder of many early McKennan Park attractions, proposed a new project. Ellefson envisioned designing and building two pillars made of . . . — — Map (db m113450) HM

113 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Port Hatch —

This is one of the two hatches from the conning tower of the USS South Dakota. Thickness - 16" Weight - 6,000# The conning tower was located at 04 level which was about 35' above the main deck Conning tower armor: sides - 16" Thick . . . — — Map (db m146024) HM

114 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Presentation Children's Home —

The Little Flower orphanage for Catholic children opened at Turton, S.D. in 1924. Eight years later an attic fire raged out of control and destroyed the home. Over the next few years, the more than 60 homeless children were shuttled to makeshift . . . — — Map (db m207156) HM

115 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Ronald Reagan — 1911-2004 —

On February 6, 1911, Ronald Wilson Reagan was born to Nelle and John Reagan in Tampico, Illinois. He attended high school in nearby Dixon and then worked his way through Eureka College. There, he studied economics and sociology, played on the . . . — — Map (db m112633) HM

116 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Seed —

to plant an area by sowing seeds; to encourage new ventures header: Historic Bur Oak The Land In 1997, the Perry family agreed to sell 55.07 acres of land to the City of Sioux Falls and made an additional . . . — — Map (db m199108) HM

117 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Sertoma Park —

Sertoma Park is located in an old oxbow of the Sioux River. This urban site, with its tree-lined oxbows and river environment, offers an opportunity for increased public awareness and understanding of the outdoors. It can also offer an increase in . . . — — Map (db m208524) HM

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118 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Sherman Centennial Plaza — Dedicated to Edwin A. Sherman — Father of the Sioux Falls Park System —

With pioneer spirit, the 28 year old Mr. Sherman arrived in Sioux Falls in June of 1873. He invested in real estate, milling, banking, an electric plant, and a railway company. E.A. Sherman was involved in the community as County . . . — — Map (db m131984) HM

119 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Sherman Park — Sioux Falls, South Dakota — Centennial 1910-2010 —

(South Side) E.A. Sherman Devoted his life to creating and promoting a park system in Sioux Falls. After unsuccessfully lobbing for the creation of a park commission, Sherman began his legacy with a 1907 election to the city council. . . . — — Map (db m131978) HM

120 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 361 — Sherman Park Indian Burial Mounds —

In these mounds were buried the physical remains of Indians who lived in eastern South Dakota 1600 years ago. Radiocarbon testing established the time of the burials. Known to archaeologists as the Woodland Indians, they moved westward from the . . . — — Map (db m179951) HM

121 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Shoto-Teien Japanese Gardens —

The Renovation and Restoration of the Shoto-Teien Japanese Gardens Terrace Park at Covell Lake Sioux Falls, South Dakota The Terrace Park Japanese Gardens were originally created from 1926 to 1936. In 1984, after years of neglect, a . . . — — Map (db m207213) HM

122 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Sioux Falls — 1950-2019 —

This is the location of the historical Big Sioux River channel. This area, like many along the Big Sioux River's banks were very susceptible to seasonal flooding - predominantly caused by snowmelt runoff and by rainfall. To improve the City's . . . — — Map (db m212171) HM

123 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Sioux Falls Army Technical School —

In February 1942 civic leaders in Sioux Falls became aware that the city was being considered for a possible defense facility. They indicated that a military installation would revitalize a rater stagnant economy as well as reflecting the city's . . . — — Map (db m169910) HM

124 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Sioux Falls Municipal Band — McKennan Park Historic District —

On Sunday July 11, 1920, at McKennan Park, several thousand people attended the first concert of the Sioux Falls Municipal Band. A year earlier, in the first city election allowing women to vote, citizens approved a proposal to support a city . . . — — Map (db m113433) HM

125 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 668 — Soo Skyways Airport —

Following the advent of powered flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903, the dawning air age slowly arrived in Sioux Falls. In June 1912, a Curtis Pusher biplane was the first airplane to enter the skies over the city. It was delivered . . . — — Map (db m182227) HM

126 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — South Dakota Achieve —

Beginning in 1945 several proactive Sioux Falls women sought to dispel a widely held opinion: if a child were mentally impaired and unable to attend a public school, it was a hopeless task to try to train the child to live a useful life. Dorothy . . . — — Map (db m194777) HM

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127 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — South Dakota School for the Deaf —

The Reverend Thomas Berry, an Episcopal clergyman, took the first steps toward the establishment of a formal program for the education of deaf children in Dakota Territory. Berry taught at schools for the deaf in Maryland and New York before moving . . . — — Map (db m194744) HM

128 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Sprout —

to germinate, to grow from a seed, to emerge and grow rapidly header: Rowena Quarry The Neighboring Rowena Quarry, 1890. Photo Courtesy of Siouxland Heritage Museums in Sioux Falls, South Dakota [SHM . . . — — Map (db m199078) HM

129 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Stagecoach Station —

In February 1870 Frank and Martha Raymond dug into the frozen hillside and built a small primitive home at this site. It was next to a wagon road that led to Wall Lake and the Yankton Trail. A small house was built the following year. Later the . . . — — Map (db m208566) HM

130 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Stonecutter John Elm —

After arriving in Dakota Territory, John Elm, of Swedish stock, met and in 1887 married Dina Mathison, a Norwegian immigrant. The couple lived in East Sioux Falls, a company town. A quarry company owned the entire town site, including the Elm home, . . . — — Map (db m199158) HM

131 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Stratosphere Balloonist —

Nick Piantanida dreamed of recapturing the world free-fall record from the Soviet Union and made three attempts to do so, including two ascensions from the Sioux Falls Municipal Airport. The New Jersey native was determined to exceed the new record . . . — — Map (db m194619) HM

132 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The "Rosie the Riveter" Memorial Rose Garden —

The "Rosie the Riveter" Memorial Rose Garden The extraordinary efforts of women on our Home Front during WWII significantly changed our society - yet the story of these "ordinary heroes" is rarely heard. "Those who served in uniform . . . — — Map (db m241191) HM

133 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 537 — The Amidon Affair —

The 1862 Sioux Uprising, a result of unjust government treatment, claimed many Indian and non-Indian lives. Near this place on August 25, 1862, two of its victims, Judge Joseph B. Amidon and his son, William, were killed while making hay on their . . . — — Map (db m184710) HM

134 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Big Slide —

Side 1 Between about 1913 and 1920, adventurous children and adults could enjoy exciting rides on a giant plank-and-timber, tin-lined slide which began near this marker. The slide was the creation of Edwin A. Sherman, a local real estate . . . — — Map (db m139332) HM

135 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Church of the Good Samaritan — 1878-1971 — Pioneer Lane —

The Episcopal congregation was initiated in 1878, and the church was built in Parker between the late 1880s and the early 1890s. In 1903 the church was consecrated by Bishop William Hobart Hare. It featured a hand-carved wooden altar. Later, the . . . — — Map (db m244820) HM

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136 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 658 — The City of East Sioux Falls —

From 1887 to about 1913, this area, bordering the Big Sioux River, was the thriving community of East Sioux Falls. The city boasted a hotel, several boarding houses, saloons and retail stores, a town hall, a cricket team, at least three . . . — — Map (db m181620) HM

137 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Fifth Mound —

Side 1 Between 300 to 1000 A.D., stone-age people of the Late Woodland culture lived nearby. They were among the first permanent residents of Sioux Falls. Proof of their existence is provided by the line of five burial mounds that they . . . — — Map (db m139820) HM

138 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The First "Flying Machine" —

The first airplane flight over Sioux Falls took place only nine years after the flight of the Wright brothers at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903. To entertain a state convention here, local B.P.O. Elks Lodge No. 262 contracted with the Curtiss . . . — — Map (db m199871) HM

139 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Formal Gardens, Caretaker's Lodge & Greenhouse — McKennan Park —

Led by E.A. Sherman, various park features and gardens began to appear with its official opening in 1908. This included a Caretaker's Lodge. The City Greenhouse was added in the 1920's as McKennan Park became a showcase of floral innovations. . . . — — Map (db m238271) HM

140 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Great Bend —

A highland existed along the east side of South Dakota long before the Ice Age began two million years ago. Successive periods of glaciation deposited sediment across the highland and increased its elevation. The last glaciation began 35,000 . . . — — Map (db m187261) HM

141 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Gun Barrel Story —

The vision of trying to obtain a 16" - 94 ton 62 ft long battleship gun barrel had it's beginning in November 1992. While Captain Witte, USNR (Ret), president of the Battleship Memorial Foundation was showing a Veterans Day guest speaker the . . . — — Map (db m146030) HM

142 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Helen McKennan Home — McKennan Park —

The Helen McKennan Home was built by Col. Melvin Grigsby on land platted as part of the Boulevard Addition in 1883. The elegant, two and a half story Italiante structure sat on what became the northwest corner of the Park. Helen McKennan lived there . . . — — Map (db m238269) HM

143 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The McKennan Park Pond & Wading Pool — McKennan Park —

The original McKennan Park pond was constructed as a small lake in 1908 by E. A. Sherman to beautify the park. It served as a "swimming hole" until 1929 when a permanent concrete wading pool was built south and west of the Sunken Gardens. This . . . — — Map (db m238274) HM

144 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Miniature Village — McKennan Park —

Built in 1931 by Park Employees, the Miniature Rock Garden and Village was located northeast of the Formal Gardens near the Park Greenhouses. Boasting a miniature town with homes, a church, light and power buildings, a model railroad, and a goldfish . . . — — Map (db m186529) HM

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145 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Old Yankton Trail and Stage Road —

Here is preserved the Old Yankton Trail and Stage Road Over this trail the people of Sioux Falls fled to Yankton under cavalry escort for safety from hostile Sioux Indians, Aug. 28, 1862 — — Map (db m97298) HM

146 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Playgrounds & Baseball Field — McKennan Park —

The ball diamond was built shortly after the park opened. It served as the city's sole baseball field and home to both local amateur and professional teams. 'Fly balls', however, proved to be dangerous to the public in the adjacent wooded picnic . . . — — Map (db m238278) HM

147 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Promise of Electricity —

This view of the lower level of the Hydroelectric plant shows the massive pipes that channeled the river's flow to three electric generators. Water entered the plant through the flume at the back of the room and flowed through the large gate . . . — — Map (db m112689) HM

148 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Queen Bee Mill —

The Queen Bee Mill, a goliath among mills in early Dakota Territory, once stood tall and proud here on the bank of the Big Sioux River. A large quartzite deposit on the site was used to build an impressive seven-story flour mill. The . . . — — Map (db m124251) HM

149 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Rutland Depot — 1906-1961 — Pioneer Lane —

Typical in many ways of the small-town depot, this building was unusual in being part of the South Dakota Railroad, one of the few rail lines built inside the state. The line was built originally from Sioux Falls to Colton, and then to Rutland, and . . . — — Map (db m244815) HM

150 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Sunken Garden — McKennan Park —

The Sunken Garden was constructed in 1936 and hosted a sundial, fountain and sculpture of Hansel and Gretel. The manicured garden displays included an adjacent McKennan Park floral nameplate throughout the 1930s - 1950s, which was brought back in . . . — — Map (db m238270) HM

151 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Tennis Courts — McKennan Park —

The first tennis courts in McKennan Park were constructed in 1909. These grass and clay courts were in use until 1945 when the tennis courts were rebuilt out of concrete. McKennan Park became well known for both recreational and championship tennis . . . — — Map (db m238268) HM

152 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — unearth —

to dig something up out of the ground; to find something that has been lost or hidden header: Photo courtesy of Siouxland Heritage Museums in Sioux Falls, South Dakota [SHM 78.35.28] Historic Site . . . — — Map (db m199148) HM

153 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — USS South Dakota Battleship Outline —

The outline of this ship was erected by the officers and men of the Naval Reserve in cooperation with the Sioux Falls Bi-Centennial Commission, Sioux Falls Park Department and the Battleship Foundation. It is dedicated to the Officers and men who . . . — — Map (db m146017) WM

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154 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — vegetate —

to sprout, to grow like a plant header: Photo Courtesy of Siouxland Heritage Museums in Sioux Falls, South Dakota [SHM 78.35.28] Life of a Stonecutter The life of a quarry worker included long hours and . . . — — Map (db m199150) HM

155 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Veterans' Memorial Park —

The Veterans' Memorial Park is dedicated to the men and women who serve in the military of the United States of America. It honors those who sacrifice to defend liberty and to free others enslaved in tyranny. It preserves the memory of those who . . . — — Map (db m208156) WM

156 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Wallner Gardens —

This site was once part of Wallner Gardens, a family farming business founded by F. X. Wallner in 1912 when he moved his operation from Yankton to Sioux Falls. Wallner, a German-born immigrant, was a leading expert in plant science and served as a . . . — — Map (db m187264) HM

157 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Willibald C. Bianchi —

First Lieutenant, U.S. Army, 45th Infantry Philippine Scouts Near Bagac, Bataan Province, Philippine Islands, 3 February 1942 G.O. No.: 11, 5 March 1942 Born 12 March 1915, New Ulm, Minnesota Entered service at New Ulm, Minnesota For . . . — — Map (db m208049) HM

158 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Wilt —

to droop, to become weak and tired, to lose confidence and enthusiasm header: Quarrymen East Sioux Falls Quarrymen. Photo courtesy of Siouxland Heritage Museums. Progress By 1896, the . . . — — Map (db m199079) HM

159 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Woodrow Wilson Keeble —

Master Sergeant, US Army George Company, 2nd Battalion, 19th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Division Sangsan-ni, Korea, on October 20, 1951 Born 16 May 1917, Waubay South Dakota Medal of Honor awarded posthumously on March 3, 2008 For . . . — — Map (db m208047) HM

160 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Yankton Trail Bridge —

This site has been an important Big Sioux River crossing for more than 300 years. As early as the 1700s the Yankton Sioux forded the river here and often made camp while en route to pipestone quarries in Minnesota. After the slaying of Judge . . . — — Map (db m187262) HM

161 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — 1912 Neo-Colonial Cottage Style House — Built by Dennis L. McKinney —

McKinney-Beveridge Auto Company McKinney Loan and Investment Company All Saints Historic District National Register of Historic Places — — Map (db m199744) HM

162 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — 675 — From Glory to Glory — All Saints Historic District —

All Saints School was founded in 1884 by Bishop William Hobart Hare as an Episcopalian boarding school for daughters of missionary clergy men and other young women in Dakota Territory. In memory of his late wife and in tribute to all women, he . . . — — Map (db m184709) HM

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163 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — Lost Bird —

On December 28, 1890, 500 well-armed soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry surrounded a tepee camp of 350 Lakota prisoners of war at Wounded Knee Creek S.D. During a search for weapons the next morning, a Lakota accidentally discharged his rifle. Reacting . . . — — Map (db m131968) HM

164 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — Seacoast Gun —

In 1859 the Tredegar Foundry of Richmond, Virginia, made this smoothbore 42-pounder gun for the federal government. The long-barreled cannon was one of a group of twelve and was designed to fire round cannonballs 2000 yards in a low, nearly flat . . . — — Map (db m199671) HM

165 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — The Lyon Family Home / William & Winona Lyon — Lyon Park —

The Lyon Family Home The home, pictured above, was built by Jacob and Katie Schaetzel in 1881, on the northeast corner of 11th Street and Dakota Avenue. Jacob Schaetzel was village president, and later was elected as the first mayor of . . . — — Map (db m199677) HM

166 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — The Soldier Statue & Cannon / The Lyon Park Property History — Lyon Park —

The Soldier Statue & Cannon On Friday, September 4, 1904 a statue of a soldier, known as the "American Volunteer," and a surplus cannon were placed by the Joe Hooker Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, a Civil War veterans organization, . . . — — Map (db m199670) HM

167 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — 215 N Duluth Avenue —

On April 23, 1879, The Dakota Pantagraph announced: "R. F. Pettigrew will build him a fine residence in Bennett's addition this summer." Richard Franklin Pettigrew (July 23, 1848-October 5, 1926) was a lawyer, surveyor, and land . . . — — Map (db m207164) HM

168 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Cathedral Historic District / Paving Stone Alley —

Cathedral Historic District This historic paving stone alley is an important part of the Cathedral Historic district which was placed on The National Register of Historic Places on June 4, 1974 as the first historic district in South Dakota. . . . — — Map (db m222285) HM

169 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Congregation Sons of Israel — First Jewish House of Worship in South Dakota — 1916 —

Since the territorial days of 1870's, Jewish people have played an important role in the social, economic and cultural life of South Dakota. In the 1880's, Sioux Falls experienced an influx of Reformed Jews from Germany, who became some of the . . . — — Map (db m134205) HM

170 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Dakota Conflict —

On August 25, 1862, Willie Amidon, son of Judge Joseph B. Amidon, stumbled upon a war party of Santee Sioux hiding in a cornfield on the bluffs north of Sioux Falls City. The concealed warriors were waiting for nightfall, or dawn, to launch a . . . — — Map (db m194696) HM

171 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Kaufmann House Mystery —

This 1887 mansion was the home of Moses Kaufmann, a partner in the Sioux Falls Brewery, and his wife Emma. In February 1906 they hired teenager Agnes Polreis as their new servant girl. She died June 1. At her funeral in Parkston, friends became . . . — — Map (db m194684) HM

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172 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Martin Luther King —

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the preeminent leader of the movement to end segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means, arrived in Sioux Falls on January 12, 1961, a guest of nearby St. John's Baptist . . . — — Map (db m208208) HM

173 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Prehistoric Prayer Rock — Reported permanently removed

The Search In late 1924, Richard Pettigrew began searching for a sacred boulder to add to his museum. He had heard about a large rock with symbols on it called Medicine Rock, located near Gettysburg, South Dakota. Pettigrew wanted . . . — — Map (db m131985) HM

174 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Prehistoric Prayer Rock —

In 1925, a man asked a Sioux Elder how old the carvings on this type of rock were. The reply: "My grandfather was a very old man when I was a little boy. When he was a little boy the rock was just the same (already carved)". -R.F. Pettigrew . . . — — Map (db m192306) HM

175 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — The People's Party National Convention — Cathedral Historic District —

Near this site in a giant tent on May 9, 1900, the People's Party held its national convention in Sioux Falls to select its second presidential candidate. The Populist Party, as it was also known, was primarily a political party of Westerners and . . . — — Map (db m194685) HM

176 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — The Woman's Alliance — Cathedral Historic District —

In 1911, Sioux Falls had no public rest rooms or rest areas for women visiting the city or employed in local businesses. Recognizing the need, Edith Kellar Lillibridge and Anna M. Eddy assembled 30 women to organize the Woman's Alliance as a . . . — — Map (db m194692) HM

177 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Two Cemeteries —

In 1859 Henry Masters, governor of the squatter government at Sioux Falls City, was the first resident of the village to die. He was buried in an open field near his home, close to this location. The next deaths were those of Judge Joseph B. . . . — — Map (db m207159) HM

178 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — 660 — U.S. Senator R.F. Pettigrew — (1848-1926) —

Richard Franklin Pettigrew was 20 years old in the spring of 1869 when he first came to Dakota Territory from Wisconsin as a member of a government surveying party. Pettigrew decided to settle in Sioux Falls, and join in the building of a city. . . . — — Map (db m184712) HM

179 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — 8th Street Bridge —

This is the location of the first bridge to span the Big Sioux River at Sioux Falls. Built in 1876, the original bridge was washed out in the flood of 1881. The present bridge is an earth filled, three span arch bridge, which was considered an . . . — — Map (db m194903) HM

180 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — 8th Street Bridge —

This is the location of the first bridge to span the Big Sioux River at Sioux Falls. Built in 1876, the original bridge was washed out in the flood of 1881. The present bridge is an earth filled, three span arch bridge, which was considered an . . . — — Map (db m194908) HM

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181 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Calvary Cathedral —

Calvary Cathedral was built through the efforts of William Hobart Hare, early missionary and the first Episcopal bishop in Dakota Territory. He persuaded wealthy capitalist John Jacob Astor, owner of the American Fur Trading Company, to contribute . . . — — Map (db m208649) HM

182 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Cascade Mill —

As the lesser known of the original mills built in early Sioux Falls along the banks of the Big Sioux River, the Cascade Mill was built slightly before its bigger, more expensive, grandiose neighbor at the falls - The Queen Bee Mill. At half the . . . — — Map (db m194828) HM

183 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Cascade Milling Company —

The Cascade Milling Company, built in 1877 for E.A. Sherman and other investors, was located on the east bank of the river and north of the 8th Street bridge. The Company became the first to sell electricity in the city in 1885. An electric . . . — — Map (db m194907) HM

184 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Cigar Manufacturing —

(side 1) Between 1870 and 1920, Phillips Avenue was the center of a thriving cigar manufacturing industry. An average of four or five small cigar factories operated within a few blocks of this spot. Because the typical smoker consumed . . . — — Map (db m124098) HM

185 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Course — 8th Street Bridge —

There were several flour mills and lumberyards along the early downtown riverfront. Railroads linked local suppliers with buyers across the Midwest but flooding and a lack of reliable river levels eventually led to a redevelopment of the area. . . . — — Map (db m195032) HM

186 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Cradle of Statehood —

Side 1 After two decades of presidents' appointing governors and other officials from outside the territory, a statehood movement began in the 1880s in the southern half of Dakota Territory. The movement was led by a small group of . . . — — Map (db m169922) HM

187 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Dakota Iron Store —

On this site in March 1910, Bernard Scott Reardon, Sr. and an associate founded the Dakota Iron Store as a wholesale distributor of heavy hardware, farm equipment, and automotive parts and supplies. In 1975 the corporate name was changed to DaKon . . . — — Map (db m124197) HM

188 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Dillinger Gang Bank Robbery —

On March 6, 1934, John Dillinger led five other gangsters in a brazen daylight robbery of the Security National Bank. Arriving in a stolen 1934 Packard, Dillinger and three men entered the bank lobby. All wore turned-down, wide-brimmed felt hats to . . . — — Map (db m192173) HM

189 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Divorce Capital —

(side one) Between 1877 and 1909, Sioux Falls was known as the “Divorce Capital of the Nation.” Lenient residency laws and multiple divorce grounds were available in Dakota Territory and South Dakota. Wealthy men and women from . . . — — Map (db m124187) HM

190 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — 542 — Early Firefighting in Sioux Falls —

A frontier town such as Sioux Falls, Dakota Territory, built almost entirely of wood and surrounded by highly flammable prairie grass could be swiftly consumed by uncontrolled fire. Without protection, farms and towns were vulnerable . . . — — Map (db m184701) HM

191 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Early Sioux Falls —

Over history the falls have been revered by many different Native American cultures. No formal archaeological digs have been performed at the falls area, but stone tools have been found throughout the region. The area surrounding the falls was . . . — — Map (db m124493) HM

192 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — 671 — Eliza Tupper Wilkes — (1844-1917) —

Arriving in Sioux Falls, Dakota Territory in 1878, Eliza Tupper Wilkes quickly became one of the community leaders of the small prairie town. She was born Eliza Smith Tupper on October 8, 1844 in Houlton, Maine. As a young woman she . . . — — Map (db m184707) HM

193 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — First Baptist Church —

In 1872 Baptist services in Sioux Falls were held sporadically as the number of Baptists was too small to form a congregation. Soon morning services were held on alternate Sundays at Allen's Hall located at the northeast corner of 8th Street and . . . — — Map (db m192221) HM

194 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — First Congregational Church —

The birthplace of First Congregational Church was in an abandoned enlisted men's barracks at Fort Dakota, a frontier outpost. The fort closed in 1869. Before its buildings were razed, many newcomers coming to resettle Sioux Falls temporarily lived . . . — — Map (db m192120) HM

195 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — First Industrial Park —

Visible to the southeast are the 10th Street Bridge, the Viaduct and the area known as Fawick Park. The bridge and viaduct were originally constructed in 1889 serving as a link between east Sioux Falls and the downtown area. The area to the south of . . . — — Map (db m184846) HM

196 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — First Lutheran Church —

On September 21st 1920, two Norwegian Lutheran congregations — Grace (14th and Duluth-later purchased by the Jewish congregation of Mt. Zion) and St. Olaf (on the present site of 12th and Dakota) merged — becoming First Lutheran Church. The newly . . . — — Map (db m208646) HM

197 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Flooding —

Floods have been common along the Big Sioux River for hundreds of years. The combination of flat land, heavy snows, and spring rains can be disastrous. One of the most devastating floods occurred in 1881. The winter had been particularly harsh, . . . — — Map (db m124499) HM

198 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Fort Dakota —

In late 1862, as the Civil War raged on in parts of the South, the Great Plains faced a war of their own: a battle between Native Americans and early settlers of the region. As violence escalated in Minnesota, news of the battles and ensuing . . . — — Map (db m194831) HM

199 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Fort Dakota —

On the west side of the River was the site of Fort Dakota. Sioux Falls, initially settled in 1857, was evacuated when the "Dakota War" of 1862 in southwest Minnesota threatened the settlement and remained deserted until Fort Dakota was established . . . — — Map (db m194905) HM

200 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Fort Dakota, D.T. —

(side one) Residents fled Sioux Falls City, Dakota Territory, after the 1862 slaying of the Amidons. The town site was abandoned until May 5, 1865, when Lt. Col. John Pattee chose this location for Fort Brookings, a new military post. . . . — — Map (db m124189) HM

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