Historical Markers and War Memorials in The National Mall, District of Columbia

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Historical Markers and War Memorials in The National Mall, District of Columbia

Location of The National Mall

► Washington (1972)
► Montgomery County, Maryland (524)
► Prince George's County, Maryland (524)
► Alexandria, Virginia (297)
► Arlington County, Virginia (373)
► Fairfax County, Virginia (482)

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GEOGRAPHIC SORT

1► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — "Better Food, Better Health and Better Cities" —

Health By encouraging Americans to spend time outside and eat more fresh produce, the Victory Garden Program promoted healthy habits. In addition to their physical health benefits, victory gardens helped boost morale by bringing communities . . . — — Map (db m164274) HM

2► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — "For Country, for Community!" —

Community The Victory Garden Program brought many different groups together to support a single cause. Corporations, private foundations, magazine publishers, and seed companies all contributed to the success of the project. These . . . — — Map (db m164278) HM

3► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — "Garden for Victory!" —

This garden is inspired by the victory gardens of World War II. During America's involvement in World War II (1941-1945), the Victory Garden Program strove to reduce demand for commercially grown vegetables, packaging materials, and . . . — — Map (db m164272) HM

4► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — "Of Course I Can!" —

Sustainability As well as encouraging people to grow their own produce, the Victory Garden Program urged Americans to conserve and ration raw materials needed for the war effort, such as cans, fuel, rubber, glass jars, and wax paper. . . . — — Map (db m164276) HM

5► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — “My God! What is this?” — National Mall and Memorial Parks — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

President James A. Garfield was leaving Washington, DC for his college reunion. He entered the Baltimore & Potomac Railroad station that would have been standing in front of you on the morning of July 2, 1881. Charles Guiteau, a mentally ill office . . . — — Map (db m127343) HM

6► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — "Nature is my religion." — Enid A. Haupt —

Philanthropist and publishing heiress Enid Annenberg Haupt (1906-2005) donated millions of dollars to support public gardens, horticultural institutions, and other green spaces in Washington, D.C., New York, and around the world. — — Map (db m110723) HM

7► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — 320th Bomb Group —

In memory of WWII Fallen Comrades of 320th Bomb Group Dedication on 40th Anniversary September 11th, 1982 — — Map (db m113979) WM

8► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — A Common Language — Kathrine Dulin Folger Rose Garden —

Plant nomenclature is the naming of plants using the binomial (meaning "two names") system. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus introduced this method in 1753. Binomial nomenclature uses Latin to communicate scientific information on a global . . . — — Map (db m110761) HM

9► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — A Legacy of Healing and Hope — Vietnam Women's Memorial — National Mall & Memorial Parks, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

Over 265,000 American women served during the Vietnam era (1956 through 1975) and over 11,000 saw duty in Vietnam. The majority served as nurses, caring for thousands of wounded servicemen in the difficult conditions of crowded transports, harsh . . . — — Map (db m7878) HM

10► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — A Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence — A Gift From The American Revolution Bicentennial Administration — 1976 —

In Congress, July 4, 1776. Unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we . . . — — Map (db m137039) HM

11► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — A Monumental Legacy — National Mall and Memorial Parks —

The Washington Monument honors George Washington, hero of the American Revolution and first president of the United States. When this stunning stone obelisk was completed in 1884, it was the tallest building in the world. Today the monument . . . — — Map (db m110428) HM

12► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — A National Memorial — George Washington Memorial Parkway — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

As an important link between the National Mall and Arlington National Cemetery, the bridge itself is a memorial to those who have given their lives for their country. As the ceremonial entrance to Arlington National Cemetery, numerous dignitaries, . . . — — Map (db m140991) HM

13► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — A National Museum — Smithsonian National Museum of American History — Kenneth E. Behring Center —

The National Museum of American History is home to the Star-Spangled Banner, the flag that inspired our national anthem. That flag's "broad stripes and bright stars" have shaped the Museum and its mission, as have the flags for every U.S. state and . . . — — Map (db m111539) HM

14► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Acquired in 1886 by the Department of Living Animals —

Acquired in 1886 by the Department of Living Animals, buffalo were penned behind the Smithsonian Castle before being moved to what is now the National Zoological Park. Their presence sparked public interest in the preservation of a vanishing . . . — — Map (db m110712) HM

15► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Alaska and Hawaii —

The Federal Union of the States at the heart of Lincoln’s purpose is symbolized in his memorial by 36 columns beneath the names of the 36 states composing the Union in his lifetime. When the memorial was designed, the Union included 48 . . . — — Map (db m49457) HM

16► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — An Apple is a Rose — Kathrine Dulin Folger Rose Garden —

In the early 1900s, botanists reclassified the Spirea, Plum, and Apple families as subfamilies within the Rose family. This new categorization was embodied in Robert Frost's poem from 1927: The Rose Family by Robert Frost The . . . — — Map (db m110772) HM

17► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Andrew Jackson Downing —

[Inscription on urn pedestal, 1856]: This vase was erected by his friends in memory of Andrew Jackson Downing who died July 28, 1852, aged 37 years. He was born, and lived, and died upon the Hudson River. His life was devoted . . . — — Map (db m46600) HM

18► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Anise hyssop — Agastache foeniculum — Mint family, Eastern North Africa —

Butterflies and bees love this plant, and so do people! Anise hyssop is named for its licorice-like scent. Used for tea by early Native Americans, it is also delicious in jellies and even cookies. The Latin word foeniculum refers to . . . — — Map (db m164289) HM

19► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Arts and Industries Building —

Arts an Industries Building has been designated a National Historic Landmark This site possesses National Significance in Commemorating the History of the United States of America 1977 National Park Service United . . . — — Map (db m108902) HM

20► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Arts and Industries Building —

The Arts and Industries Building, the second oldest Smithsonian building, was the first building designed for the National Museum, as the Smithsonian's first museum was known. It was constructed between 1879 and 1881 to meet the need for more . . . — — Map (db m108904) HM

21► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Asteroids and Comets —

You are standing in the "asteroid belt," a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where countless rocks called asteroids orbit the Sun. Every so often icy body called comets pass through this region on their way to the inner solar system. . . . — — Map (db m110092) HM

22► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Bald Cypress — [Native American Agriculture] — [U.S. Department of Agriculture] —

This tree commemorates the many contributions Native Americans have made to American agriculture, plants domesticated and harvested by Native Americans in the New World still make up a significant proportion of all vegetables produced worldwide. . . . — — Map (db m47743) HM

23► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Bald Cypress • Ártu (ar-too) —

In the middle of the wetlands, you can see the entire life cycle of the unusual bald cypress tree. A fallen cypress was placed in the wetlands to evoke an authentic wetlands environment--and a young cypress has begun to grow out of the stump of the . . . — — Map (db m110077) HM

24► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Before the National Air and Space Museum opened —

Before the National Air and Space opened in 1976, aviation collections were displayed in and around the Arts & Industries Building. Rocket Row became a landmark along the building's west side. — — Map (db m110788) HM

25► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Binary Stars —

Is our Sun a normal star? Stars are great luminous spheres of hydrogen and helium gas held together by their own gravity. Most stars in our galaxy exist in pairs or even in multiple-star systems. So, our singular Sun is relatively unusual. A . . . — — Map (db m111410) HM

26► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Blazing star — Liatris spicata — Aster family, North America —

In the mid-1800s, Dr. John Kennicott studied prairie plants with his son, Smithsonian naturalist and explorer Robert Kennicott. Their Grove Nursery, just north of Chicago, supplied Illinois settlers with native ornamental prairie plant like . . . — — Map (db m164284) HM

27► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Bradford Pear Tree — (Pyrus calleryana Bradford) —

. . . — — Map (db m70457) HM

28► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Broadleaf Cattail • Káhkáhaskwar (kaw-kaw-has-quar) —

Nearly every Native community in North America has used the cattail as food, medicine, or raw material for baskets and mats. The cattail contains ten times the amount of starch as potatoes—an important source of energy. The Micmac and . . . — — Map (db m113966) HM

29► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Butterfly weed — Asclepias tuberosa — Milkweed family, North America —

Butterfly weed is used for both fiber and medicine. Like other milkweeds, butterfly weeds have seeds that drift away on the wind with a silky parachute called floss. Did you know that American children helped out during World War II by . . . — — Map (db m164283) HM

30► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Can you find symbols… —

Can you find symbols for the sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the moon on the Welcome Plaza? They are embedded into the stone beneath your feet, in their positions at sunset on the museum's birth date: November 28, 1989. The . . . — — Map (db m114147) HM

31► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Can you hear the echo of the water bouncing off the rock? —

Shhhh, quiet please! Listen. Can you hear the echo of the water bouncing off the rock? Stand in front of this boulder, and listen to the echo of the water. This stone surface amplifies sound, just like ancient Mayan ball courts. In . . . — — Map (db m113973) HM

32► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: East —

Did you know that this type of stone was used to make arrowheads? This 544 million-year-old rock is quartzite, a very hard stone used to make arrowheads by the local Nanticoke peoples. It came from Sugarloaf Mountain in Maryland's . . . — — Map (db m114145) HM

33► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: North —

This granite stone is one of the oldest on earth – four billion years old! Before its two-week journey to Washington, D.C., the Dogrib (Tlicho) community of Acasta Lake, in Canada’s Northwest Territories, blessed the stone. The Dogrib recount . . . — — Map (db m49627) HM

34► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: South —

This boulder traveled more than 18,000 miles from the southernmost point of South America! Between 65 and 145 million years old, this granite stone was given to the museum by the Yagán people of Chile. The Yagán want this stone to represent their . . . — — Map (db m113961) HM

35► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Marker: West —

This 300-year-old lava stone has a name: Kane Po. After a 20-year stay at the museum, it will return to its home in the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park near Hilo. Native Hawaiians consider it to be a living relative. It is one of four Cardinal . . . — — Map (db m113975) HM

36► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Cardinal Direction Markers —

Native peoples honor the Four Directions through ceremony, song, art, and architecture. On the edges of the museum site, four large stones known as Cardinal Direction Markers honor Native cultures of the north, south, east, and west. Can you . . . — — Map (db m113969) HM

37► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Carousel on the Mall, Washington, D.C. —

On August 28, 1963, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, not far from here. On that same day, this carousel was part of a small but significant victory for Civil . . . — — Map (db m68236) HM

38► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Cedar of Lebanon — Cedrus libani — National Museum/National Museum of Natural History —

This tree commemorates the 100th anniversary of the 1904 groundbreaking of the new National Museum. A wooded park, with a variety of trees including these cedars, previously stood here. — — Map (db m70231) HM

39► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Colossal Head 4 (replica) — Olmec Culture — San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, Vera Cruz, 1200-900 B.C.E. —

This portrait of an Olmec ruler is among 17 colossal heads known from one of the world’s great ancient civilizations. Without wheels or iron tools, the Olmec created spectacular monumental sculptures and ceremonial centers on Mexico’s Gulf Coast. . . . — — Map (db m39628) HM

40► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Constantine L. Seferlis — (1928 - 2005) — Stone Carver —

Restored the walls of the Smithsonian Castle and carved these carriage gates according to James Renwick's 1849 design. — — Map (db m110727) HM

41► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Cook Telescope —

Become an astronomer with your visit to the Phoebe Waterman Haas Public Observatory and its Cook Memorial Telescope. Harvard University purchased the telescope from Boller & Chivens in 1966 for its Oak Ridge Observatory. The telescope was used to . . . — — Map (db m111404) HM

42► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Crape myrtle — Lagerstremia species and hybrids — Loosestrife family, Southeast Asia —

This Asian tree was first introduced to the American South around 1790 by a French botanist. The U.S. National Arboretum has bred over two dozen cultivars, including pink-blooming 'Sioux' and white-blooming 'Natchez.' Notice how the flowers . . . — — Map (db m164286) HM

43► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Developing Sustainable Practices —

Wood helped build our cities and drive American prosperity. But its unrestricted harvesting has led to serious environmental issues. Today, scientists, gardeners, and forestry professionals are developing sustainable practices that allow us to . . . — — Map (db m164268) HM

44► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — District of Columbia War Memorial — National Mall and Memorial Parks — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

”This temple will recall for all time their services and sacrifices.” President Herbert Hoover, November 11, 1931 The Great War of 1914 to 1918 transformed the world. The war introduced lethal new . . . — — Map (db m75903) HM

45► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — District of Columbia World War Memorial — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior — National Mall & Memorial Parks —

[Panel 1: northeast corner wayside.] “This monument stands for men who fought not alone for their country, but to establish the principles of justice and peace. We pay tribute here to their valor. We honor them for their . . . — — Map (db m76573) HM

46► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Tree —

"The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge...." Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929-1968 This tree named in honor of Dr. King January 14, . . . — — Map (db m70616) HM

47► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Earth —

These tiny spheres are the planet Earth and its Moon at one 10-billionth actual size. If Earth were this big, how far away would the Sun and other planets be? Look at the map on the lower panel to find our position in the solar system. . . . — — Map (db m113977) HM

48► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Eastern Meadow — Pradera del este —

This museum's eastern meadow environment consists of abundant grasses, wildflowers, and shrubs. Several of the plants are perennials and live many years, growing or lying dormant with the seasons. Native traditional healers use meadows . . . — — Map (db m161599) HM

49► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Enid A. Haupt Garden —

A popular urban oasis since its completion in 1987, the 4.2-acre Enid A. Haupt Garden comprises three distinct gardens. The design of each reflects the cultural and aesthetic influences celebrated in the Smithsonian Castle and the surrounding . . . — — Map (db m110710) HM

50► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Federal Grain Inspection Service — United States Department of Agriculture —

During December 1977, a series of devastating grain elevator explosions resulted in the death of thirteen USDA employees working for the Federal Grain Inspection Service. On this 25th anniversary of their sacrifice, we dedicate this Bradford Pear . . . — — Map (db m47101) HM

51► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — First International Manned Space Mission —

On July 17, 1975, an American Apollo spacecraft and a Soviet Soyuz space craft docked in space for the first international manned space mission. Three months after the crewmembers of the Apollo-Soyuz test project—astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, . . . — — Map (db m109221) HM

52► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — 26/7920 — George Rivera — Pojoaque Pueblo —

Buffalo Dancer II Case bronze, ed. 2/4 26/7920 Gift of the Pueblo of Pojoaque, George Rivera and Glenn Green Galleries For the Pueblo Indians of the Southwest, the Buffalo Dance is an enduring celebration, a prayer for the well-being . . . — — Map (db m113968) HM

53► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — 26/7920 — George Rivera — Pojoaque Pueblo, b. 1964 —

Buffalo Dancer II, 2008 Cast bronze, ed. 2/4 26/7920 Gift of the Pueblo of Pojoaque, George Rivera, and Glenn Green Galleries, 2010 For the Pueblo Indians of the Southwest, the Buffalo Dance is an enduring . . . — — Map (db m161596) HM

54► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — German-American Friendship Garden — Celebrating 300 Years of Friendship — National Mall and Memorial Parks, Washington, D.C. —

“One magnificent symbol of the bonds that tie our two great peoples together is the German-American Friendship Garden. This symbol of eternally renewing growth and strength will be dedicated this autumn here in the Capital. In its . . . — — Map (db m130364) HM

55► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — German-American Friendship Garden — National Mall and Memorial Parks — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

"One magnificent symbol of the bonds that tie our two great peoples together is the German-American Friendship Garden...In its growth, our own commitments to the well-being of America and Germany shall be cultivated and nurtured." . . . — — Map (db m130365) HM

56► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Healing — Common Ground: Our American Garden —

Many plants have a history of providing comfort, restoration, and inspiration. Different communities found medicinal purposes for plants and passed down knowledge from generation to generation. People sought answers for common ailments, spiritual . . . — — Map (db m164285) HM

57► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — How can you help pollinators? —

Pollinator populations are at risk. Decades of stressors including the loss, degradation, and fragmentation of pollinator habitats; the improper use of pesticides and herbicides; and diseases, predation, and parasites have all hurt . . . — — Map (db m130681) HM

58► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — How Mushrooms Help Us —

Although we may associate fungi with rotting food and fungal diseases, these incredible organisms play a beneficial role in our lives, from the plants we grow to the foods we eat to the medicine we take. Improving the Soil Fungi help . . . — — Map (db m164224) HM

59► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — James Garfield's Legacy — National Mall and Memorial Parks — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

In front of you stood the Baltimore & Potomac Railroad Station where President James A. Garfield was shot in 1881. Garfield served as the United States' 20th president for only four months before he was assassinated. A modest memorial to Garfield . . . — — Map (db m127347) HM

60► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Jean Hillery and Thomas Quadros — United States Department of Agriculture — American linden of Basswood (Tilia Americana) —

Dedicated in memory of Jean Hillery and Thomas Quadros, Food Safety and Inspection Service Compliance Officers, who lost their lives in the line of duty June 21, 2000 — — Map (db m47354) HM

61► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Jefferson Pier — [Washington Monument] —

Position of Jefferson Pier, erected Dec. 18, 1804 Recovered and re-erected Dec. 2, 1889 . . . District of Columbia — — Map (db m112544) HM

62► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — John Paul Jones Memorial — National Mall & Memorial Parks, Washington, D.C. — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

"Every officer in our navy should know by heart the deeds of John Paul Jones," President Theodore Roosevelt. The American Revolution A bold captain—fearless even when facing the superior British Royal . . . — — Map (db m17764) HM

63► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — John Paul Jones Memorial —

[North Face inscriptions - above and beneath Captain Jones' statue:] John Paul Jones 1747-1792 First to compel foreign man-of-war to strike colors to the Stars and Stripes. [South Face inscriptions - above and beneath a bas relief . . . — — Map (db m19534) HM

64► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Joseph Henry —

This statue of the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution was made in 1881 by the American sculptor William Wetmore Storey, then working in Rome. Unveiled April 19, 1883. — — Map (db m213) HM

65► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Jupiter —

Jupiter is a gas giant planet consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium. Astronomers have discovered more than 60 moons orbiting Jupiter. In 1610 Italian astronomer Galileo discovered the four largest moons, although he saw them only as "stars." . . . — — Map (db m111397) HM

66► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Korean War Veterans Memorial —

[Inscription: Panel 1]: Our nation honors her sons and daughters who answered the call to defend a country they never knew and a people they never met. 1950 * Korea * 1953 [Panel 2]: Freedom Is Not Free . . . — — Map (db m8829) WM

67► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Legacy of War — Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

On August 24, 1814, the British brought the war to the streets of Washington. After soundly defeating the Americans at nearby Bladensburg, enemy soldiers invaded the Nation's Capital—burning the President's House, U.S. Capitol, and other . . . — — Map (db m74939) HM

68► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Lincoln Memorial —

[Dedication by Royal Cortissoz, above the statue by sculptor Daniel Chester French:] "In this temple as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the Union the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever." [Inscription . . . — — Map (db m28607) HM

69► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Live Oaks: A Gathering Place —

Welcome to the Reading Grove This space provides a place to meet, rest, read, and reflect. Live oaks have long harbored gatherings, from religious services and classes to community celebrations. Witness Trees Trees that were . . . — — Map (db m143315) HM

70► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Live Oaks: A Symbol of Strength —

Building the Nation The use of live oaks played a critical role in helping the nation grow from a colony to what it became—the United States of America. Ships were an essential means of transportation for moving people and products, and . . . — — Map (db m143312) HM

71► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Live Oaks: Specimens of Global, Scholarly and Public Research —

Early Conservation Efforts In the past, live oaks were so valuable to shipbuilding and U.S. national security that in the early 1800s Congress passed laws to prevent them from being harvested illegally. The U.S. government also purchased and . . . — — Map (db m143310) HM

72► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Lock Keeper’s House — Formerly the Eastern Terminal of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal — Erected about 1835 —

The canal passed along the present line of B Street in front of this house emptying into Tiber Creek and the Potomac River. — — Map (db m111529) HM

73► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Lunar Calendars —

The circles and moon phases marked on the pavement refer to a phenomenon known as lunar standstills. Lunar standstills occur every 18.6 years when the moon reaches a northern extreme at summer solstice and a southern extreme at winter solstice. . . . — — Map (db m110068) HM

74► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Making A Modern Museum —

The National Museum of American History opened to the public as the Museum of History and Technology in 1964. The architectural firm McKim, Mead & White designed the building as a contemporary take on surrounding beaux-arts and classical structures. . . . — — Map (db m111540) HM

75► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Mars —

This tiny sphere is the planet Mars at one 10-billionth actual size. Its small moons can't be seen at this scale. If Mars were this big, how far away would the Sun and other planets be? Look at the map on the lower panel to find your . . . — — Map (db m110566)

76► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Meadow —

This museum's meadow environment consists of abundant grasses, wildflowers, and shrubs. The plants are perennials, growing or lying dormant with the seasons. Plant Medicine Meadows are important sources of medicinal plants used by . . . — — Map (db m113955) HM

77► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Mercury —

This tiny sphere is the planet Mercury at one 10-billionth actual size. If Mercury were this big, how far away would the sun and other planets be? Look at the map on the lower panel to find your position in the solar system. Bottom . . . — — Map (db m110564) HM

78► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Moon —

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. How did the Moon form? Scientists think it formed when a planetary object the size of Mars collided with Earth about 4.5 billion years ago. The Moon is covered with impact craters that formed when . . . — — Map (db m111398) HM

79► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — National Native American Veterans Memorial — Monumento Nacional de Veteranos Indígenas Estadounidenses —

This memorial recognizes American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian men and women who have served in every branch of the United States Armed Forces, from the Revolutionary War to the present day, and the support and sacrifices . . . — — Map (db m161605) WM

80► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Nora Naranjo-Morse — Santa Clara Pueblo, b. 1953 —

Always Becoming Mud mixture (soil, sand, straw, and water), clay, stone, black locust wood, bamboo, yam vines, and pigment 26/5840 Naranjo-Morse and her family return annually to explore how this family of contemporary clay sculptures, . . . — — Map (db m113956) HM

81► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Nora Naranjo-Morse — Santa Clara Pueblo, b. 1953 —

Always Becoming Mud mixture (soil, sand, straw, and water), clay, stone, black locust wood, bamboo, yam vines, and pigment. 26/5840 Naranjo-Morse and her family return annually to explore how this family of contemporary clay . . . — — Map (db m113958) HM

82► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — 26/5840 — Nora Naranjo-Morse — Santa Clara Pueblo, b. 1953 —

Always Becoming, 2007 Mud mixture (soil, sand, straw, and water), clay, stone, black locust wood, pigments 26/5840 Commissioned from the artist, 2007 Naranjo-Morse and her family return annually to . . . — — Map (db m161600) HM

83► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — 26/5840 — Nora Naranjo-Morse — Santa Clara Pueblo, b. 1953 —

84► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Original Smithsonian Institution Building —

Erected 1847-57. Designed by James Renwick, Jr. in twelfth century Romanesque style for the first offices, research laboratories, exhibits, collections, and lectures of the Smithsonian Institution. Dedicated to the increase and diffusion of . . . — — Map (db m46413) HM

85► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Petrified Wood — Araucarioxylon Arizonicum Knowlton — Triassic Period —

About 200 million years old Found near Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona Contributors: Mr. and Mrs. James M. Gray Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Zuhl City of Holbrook, Arizona — — Map (db m54063) HM

86► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Phoebe Waterman Haas — Public Observatory —

This observatory is named to celebrate the spirit of Emma Phoebe Waterman Haas. In 1913 she became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of California, Berkeley. She was the first woman to perform original research with . . . — — Map (db m114106) HM

87► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Pioneering Plants — [Ginkgo biloba] —

A Long-Lived Species The graceful ginkgo tree, with its distinctive fan-shaped leaves, lines urban streets all over the world. Ginkgo biloba is the sole survivor of an ancient seed-plant lineage that first appeared 200 million . . . — — Map (db m164282) HM

88► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Pluto —

These tiny spheres are the dwarf planet Pluto and its moon Charon at one 10-billionth actual size. If Pluto were this big, how far away would the Sun and planets be? Look at the map on the lower panel to find your position in the solar . . . — — Map (db m112462) HM

89► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Public Art for a Modern Museum — Smithsonian National Museum of American History — Kenneth E. Behring Center —

The Museum of History and Technology (later the National Museum of American History) was the first example of modernist architecture on the National Mall when it opened in 1964. Architect Walker Cain envisioned a landscape plan that would include . . . — — Map (db m111531) HM

90► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Rehabilitating a National Treasure — George Washington Memorial Parkway — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —

Arlington Memorial Bridge has served as a monument to the sacrifices and valor of our nation's military personnel since its dedication in 1932. Now that it is nearly 90 years old, the National Park Service and Federal Highway Administration are . . . — — Map (db m140993) HM

91► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Renovating the Fountain — Smithsonian National Museum of American History — Kenneth E. Behring Center —

The Constitution Avenue fountain, installed in 1967, will be undergoing renovations through 2020. On completion, all of the fountain's original components will be fully functional. The renovation will also contribute to the Smithsonian's sustainable . . . — — Map (db m111538) HM

92► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — 26/8842 — Rick Bartow — Wiyot, 1946-2016 —

We Were Always Here, 2012 Old-growth Western red cedar, Port Orford cedar, old-growth Douglas fir, oak, maple, stain, sealer 26/8842 Commissioned from the artist, 2011 In creating these two poles from a . . . — — Map (db m161597) HM

93► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — 26/8852 — Rick Bartow (1946-2016) — Wiyot — Oregon —

We Were Always Here, 2012 Old-growth Western red cedar, Port Orford cedar, old-growth Douglas fir, oak, maple, stain, sealer Commissioned from the artist 2011 (26/8852) In creating these two poles from a single old-growth cedar . . . — — Map (db m113974) HM

94► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Sassafras • Wináhk (Wee-nock) —

For centuries, Native peoples have used the bark, roots, and leaves of the sassafras tree as medicine and flavoring in food and beverages. As Native peoples taught settlers how to harvest and use sassafras, demand grew quickly. In the 1700s, . . . — — Map (db m113972) HM

95► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Saturn —

Why does Saturn have "ears"? The 17th-century astronomer Christiaan Huygens was the first to suggest that the curious protrusions on both sides of Saturn were in fact a magnificent ring system. Scientists later discovered that the rings are made . . . — — Map (db m111405) HM

96► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Sheltering Branches —

The Live Oak Look up. The branches above you belong to the Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), also known simply as the live oak. This tree gets its name because it's evergreen; unlike other oaks, it doesn't lose its leaves in . . . — — Map (db m143309) HM

97► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Smokey Bear Blue Spruce — Picea pungens —

. . . — — Map (db m70456) HM

98► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Sneezewood — Helenium autumnale — Aster family, North America —

This long-blooming native perennial puts on a spectacular show from July to October. Sneezewood does not derive its common name from the effects of pollen. Rather, Menominee Indians dried and crushed this plant into a fine powder called "snuff" . . . — — Map (db m164287) HM

99► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Solomon G. Brown —

Solomon G. Brown (1829-1906), the Smithsonian’s first African-American employee, retired in 1906 after 54 years of service. Brown, well-known for his lectures on natural history, was also an avid poet and Anacostia community leader. . . . — — Map (db m70118) HM

100► District of Columbia (Washington), The National Mall — Spencer Fullerton Baird — 1823 - 1887 —

Second Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution Pioneer in American Natural History [on reverse of statue:] ("Opus, Baskin, 1976") — — Map (db m46418) HM

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