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Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal Historical Markers
Markers associated with the canal from Washington, DC, to Cumberland, Maryland, now a national park.
By Richard E. Miller, February 12, 2011
A Canal to the West - Tide Lock Marker Panels
GEOGRAPHIC SORT
| On Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Northwest 0.1 miles south of Virginia Avenue Northwest, on the right when traveling south. |
| | For years it was a dream – a canal to open a trade route from local commercial centers to the rich Ohio country across the Allegheny Mountains. Business would thrive as mule-drawn barges carried wheat, furs, whiskey, livestock, and coal to . . . — — Map (db m46939) HM |
| Near L Street Northwest west of 26th Street Northwest, on the left when traveling west. |
| | These kilns were used as late as 1908, supplying Washington with a fine grade of lime. The limestone was brought from quarries just beyond Seneca, Maryland over the C & O Canal. — — Map (db m136875) HM |
| On Rock Creek Trail 0.2 miles south of Virginia Avenue, on the right when traveling south. |
| |
The Potomac River and nearby Rock Creek meet quietly here at Tide Lock.
Years ago, canal boats locked into Rock Creek from the C&O Canal about a half-mile upstream and then through Tide Lock into the bustling world of the Potomac waterfront. . . . — — Map (db m159241) HM |
| Near 34th Street Northwest south of M Street Northwest, on the right when traveling south. Reported unreadable. |
| | If you could have walked along the towpath here in the 19th and early 20th century, your senses would have been overwhelmed by industrial pollution. The dust from coal being unloaded from canal boats fogged the air. The stench of animal fat being . . . — — Map (db m113411) HM |
| On C&O Canal Towpath Northwest west of Thomas Jefferson Street Northwest, on the left when traveling west. |
| | “It shall be their duty, at all hours, by night as well as by day, to pass all boats and floats presenting themselves at their locks.” —Charles Mercer, President, C&O Canal Company.
Every time his boat passed through a lock, a . . . — — Map (db m128) HM |
| On Grace Street Northwest at Paper Mill Court Northwest, on the right when traveling west on Grace Street Northwest. |
| | The original Canal House was built in 1878 to store the feed and horses of the Georgetown Railroad Company. In the 1890's it was converted into a power generating plant for public transit. Today the Canal House stands as another example of the . . . — — Map (db m121206) HM |
| On Wisconsin Avenue Northwest at C&O Canal Towpath Northwest, on the right when traveling south on Wisconsin Avenue Northwest. |
| | Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. Commenced at Georgetown. July 4th 1828. Chief Engineer Benjamin Wright.
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company, 1850. President James M. Coale. Directors William A. Bradley, Henry Daingerfield, Wm. Cost Johnson, John . . . — — Map (db m118) HM |
| Near Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Northwest south of Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, on the right when traveling south. |
| |
One of the best preserved and least altered of old American canals, the Chesapeake and Ohio grew from Washington's vision of linking the valleys of the early west with the east by “ties of communication.”
The Potomac Company . . . — — Map (db m97477) HM |
| On C&O Canal Towpath Northwest west of Thomas Jefferson Street Northwest, on the left when traveling west. |
| | “It is a refuge, a place of retreat, a long stretch of quiet and peace at the Capital's back door . . .” —William O. Douglas
Look around you. The park you stand in exists because people cared. In January 1954, Justice William O. . . . — — Map (db m129) HM |
| On M Street Northwest at 34th Street Northwest, on the left when traveling west on M Street Northwest. |
| | Before 1620 the area of the Francis Scott Key Park was inhabited by members of the Algonquian, Nacostine, Nacotchatank, Piscatoway and Patawomeke tribes. In 1634 it became part of the English Colony of Maryland.
Beginning in the 18th Century, . . . — — Map (db m119) HM |
| Near C&O Canal Towpath Northwest east of Thomas Jefferson Street Northwest, on the left when traveling east. |
| | Left panel: Georgetown became a port city soon after its 1751 founding. Located on the Potomac River, it was the logical choice for the canal’s terminus. Canal activity further spurred Georgetown’s economic growth. By the late 1800s, it was . . . — — Map (db m97762) HM |
| On Thomas Jefferson Street Northwest south of M Street Northwest, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Mules were the "engines" for the canal boats. Normally, a boat captain had four mules. Two worked while two rested in their stall in the front of the boat. Captains usually cared for their mules as if they were part of the family. In the canal's . . . — — Map (db m113416) HM |
| On 30th Street Northwest 0.1 miles south of M Street Northwest, on the right when traveling south. |
| |
Built between 1856 and 1866 as a machine shop by William T. Duvall, the Foundry is typical of commercial structures of that period. Duvall purchased the land from Thomas Beall, a grandson of Ninian Beall who was one of Georgetown's first settlers . . . — — Map (db m147329) HM |
| On 31st Street Northwest at C&O Canal Towpath Northwest, on the left when traveling south on 31st Street Northwest. |
| | The Georgetown House is closely linked with the history of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. The building was constructed about 1830 by the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co. for use as a storage room. Later it became a tavern but shortly thereafter turned into . . . — — Map (db m111008) HM |
| On 31st Street Northwest south of M Street Northwest, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Canal Square has seen more than century and a half of change in Georgetown. It is a typical brick and fieldstone industrial structure built to facilitate barge traffic on the Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal. Necessary for westward expansion, canals . . . — — Map (db m113418) HM |
| Near Virginia Avenue Northwest just west of Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Northwest, on the right when traveling west. |
| | The 184.5-mile-long Chesapeake and Ohio Canal begins at the Tide Lock and ends at Cumberland, Maryland. Here canal boats entered the canal to bypass mountains, swift currents, and shallows. Boats exited the Tide Lock into the Potomac River to . . . — — Map (db m144180) HM |
| On Wisconsin Avenue Northwest just south of W Place Northwest, on the right when traveling south. |
| |
Holy Trinity Catholic Church established Holy Rood Cemetery as its parish cemetery on high ground above Georgetown in 1832. The cemetery was expanded in 1853 to the 6.5 acres it is today. Originally known as the Upper Graveyard, in 1886 the . . . — — Map (db m155228) HM |
| Near Canal Road Northwest north of Reservoir Road Northwest, on the left when traveling north. |
| | This house witnessed the building of the C&O Canal. Abner Cloud, a miller who had come here from Pennsylvania, built the house in 1801. Cloud's mill was about 200 yards upstream. The basement of the house was used by Cloud to store grain and flour, . . . — — Map (db m722) HM |
| On Capital Crescent Trail. |
| | Baking bread, frying cornbead and eating "stick to your ribs" oatmeal, all have one thing in common; their ingredients started out at a grist mill. Decades before the sounds of lockhorns and mule hooves clopping by, mills were popping up along the . . . — — Map (db m129837) HM |
| On Capital Crescent Trail (at milepost 9), on the right when traveling east. |
| | Here, in 1876, an engineering marvel was built. The largest incline plane in the world and the first built in the United States, carried canal boats to and from the Potomac River. The incline plane was used to help clear heavy boat traffic in . . . — — Map (db m129838) HM |
| On Constitution Avenue Northwest (U.S. 50) at 17th Street Northwest, on the right when traveling east on Constitution Avenue Northwest. |
| | The canal passed along the present line of B Street in front of this house emptying into Tiber Creek and the Potomac River. — — Map (db m111529) HM |
| On Constitution Avenue Northwest (U.S. 50) at 17th Street Northwest, on the right when traveling east on Constitution Avenue Northwest. |
| |
President George Washington commissioned Pierre L'Enfant to design the Capital City in 1790. The L'Enfant Plan included a system of canals to transport heavy goods at a time when roads and streets were few and muddy. The Washington City Canal . . . — — Map (db m211) HM |
| Near Canal Street 0.1 miles west of Wineow Street. |
| | The Cumberland is a full scale replica canal boat, measuring approximately 93 feet long and 14.5 feet wide. It was constructed in 1976 as a Bicentennial project the C&O Canal of Cumberland, Maryland, Inc. (COCCM), a non-profit organization . . . — — Map (db m140080) HM |
| Near Canal Street 0.1 miles west of Wineow Street. |
| | For the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal boatmen and their family or crew, the captain's cabin was their living quarters on the boat. About 10 feet by 14 feet in size, the cabin served as the eating and sleeping area for as few as two and as many as 8-10 . . . — — Map (db m140155) HM |
| On Washington St., on the left when traveling west. |
| | Many changes have been made to the landscape on which Fort Cumberland stood. The street behind you was cut from the hillside and the earth removed used by the canal company. the bluff to your left in front of the church once extended on a nearly . . . — — Map (db m18757) HM |
| On W. Harrison Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| |
Cumberland, the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, was the location where the George's Creek coal from western Allegany County was transferred from the short line railroads to canal boats for shipment east. Cumberland was also the . . . — — Map (db m67484) HM |
| Near Canal Street 0.1 miles west of Wineow Street. |
| |
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was planned to link the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay with Pittsburgh and the Ohio River Valley. Construction began at Georgetown in 1828; by 1850 only 184 of the 365 miles were complete. Financial . . . — — Map (db m140078) HM |
| On North Centre Street at Market Street, on the right when traveling west on North Centre Street. |
| | A log chapel dedicated to St. Mary was built on this site in 1791. The first parishioners were mostly English Catholics from Southern Maryland. A brick church replaced the log building in 1939. Cumberland became a major center of transportation and . . . — — Map (db m134394) HM |
| On Canal Street south of Baltimore Street, on the left when traveling south. |
| | During the Civil War, thousands of
United States soldiers were stationed
here in Cumberland and Allegany
County to guard against raids and
incursions by Confederate forces.
Located only about 130 miles from
the capital at Washington. . . . — — Map (db m1049) HM |
| On Canal Street 0.1 miles north of West Harrison Street, on the left when traveling north. |
| |
About this sign
The outline drawing above represents the heritage-themed mural to your right. The mural is organized chronologically into sections. Each section is described here, with accompanying historic images..
. . . — — Map (db m140048) HM |
| Near Fort Avenue. Reported damaged. |
| | In 1860, Cumberland was a small town of 7,302 residents, most of whom lived in the valley of Will’s Creek. The town was an important stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. When the Civil . . . — — Map (db m14038) HM |
| On Prospect Square at Washington Street, on the left when traveling north on Prospect Square. |
| | In 1860, Cumberland was a small town of 7,302 residents, most of whom lived in the valley of Will’s Creek. The town was an important stop on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. When the Civil . . . — — Map (db m17674) HM |
| On Baltimore Street at Canal Street, on the right when traveling west on Baltimore Street. |
| | Downtown
The Downtown Cumberland Mall is the main shopping and dining district for the city. The brick street is lined with large multi-story commercial buildings, which were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These buildings . . . — — Map (db m139110) HM |
| On Canal Street just north of West Harrison Street, on the left when traveling north. |
| | Downtown Cumberland
The Flood of March 29, 1924 inflicted almost $5 million worth of destruction in the City of Cumberland. Telephone, telegraph, roads and electric wires were washed away. Though not as bad, another flood occurred on May 12th . . . — — Map (db m139111) HM |
| On Great Allegheny Passage 0.1 miles north of Baltimore Street, on the left when traveling north. |
| | In 1749 Christopher Gist, an agent for the Ohio Company, arrived at the junction of the Wills Creek and the North Branch of the Potomac River to erect a trading post. In anticipation of the French and Indian War a fort was constructed in 1754 upon . . . — — Map (db m139113) HM |
| | Will's Creek Settlement, later known as Cumberland, served as a major gateway for trade, military campaigns against the French, and settlement beyond the mountains in our growing nation. "The New Storehouses" of the Ohio Company were across the . . . — — Map (db m17783) HM |
| On W. Harrison Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Independence Day, July 4th, 1828, would be an important day for Cumberland, Maryland. On that day, far to the east, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad both broke ground. The finish line of these companies' race was the . . . — — Map (db m67478) HM |
| On Howard St at Canal street on Howard St. |
| | Independence Day, July 4th, 1828, would be an important day for Cumberland, Maryland. On that day, far to the east, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad both broke ground. The finish line of these companies' race was the . . . — — Map (db m140083) HM |
| Near Canal Street 0.3 miles west of Wineow Street. |
| |
Hike and bike from Pittsburgh to the Chesapeake Bay. You are standing on part of the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail. Explore the Potomac River, Chesapeake Bay, and the Allegheny Highlands on this trail network that includes both land and . . . — — Map (db m140084) HM |
| Near Canal Street 0.2 miles from Wineow Street. |
| | This monument was erected in memory of the Irish laborers who died building the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
1828 – 1850 — — Map (db m140190) HM |
| On W. Harrison Street, on the right when traveling south. |
| | The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ran from Georgetown in Washington, D.C. (Mile 0) to Cumberland, MD (Mile 184.5), paralleling the Potomac River. Most of the heavy shipping originated from the western terminus at Cumberland. Boatmen carrying coal, . . . — — Map (db m67482) HM |
| On Baltimore Street at Queen City Drive, on the left when traveling east on Baltimore Street. |
| | In the predawn darkness of February 21, 1865, Confederate Lt. Jesse McNeill and his partisan (guerrilla) rangers rode into Cumberland from the west on this road. Unlike most raiders
who targeted the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for attack, McNeill . . . — — Map (db m155354) HM |
| Near Old Town Road (State Highway 51), on the right when traveling east. |
| |
The Paw Paw Tunnel stands as a monument to the ability and daring of 19th century canal builders. By building the mile-long cut through the mountain, including the 3,118-foot tunnel, the canal avoided six miles of river bends and steep, rocky . . . — — Map (db m25098) HM |
| |
Walk in the footsteps of the Irish and German laborers who built the Paw Paw Tunnel. Follow a portion of the access road they travelled to get to labor housing and work camps near the vertical shafts on the top of the mountain. Enjoy Potomac . . . — — Map (db m140024) HM |
| On Green Spring Rd SE 0.1 miles south of Opessa St. |
| | The basin before you, above Lock 70, provided a landing for canal boats. A general store was built adjoining the original lockhouse. Across the lock a feed store was built. Boatmen could leave the hustle and bustle of Cumberland and tie up here to . . . — — Map (db m140010) HM |
| Near C & O Canal Towpath. |
| |
Because so many aqueduct stones were lost over the years, replacement stones were needed for the restoration in 2010-11. Beside this panel are an original stone and a new stone to be seen and touched. Note the tooled finish on the stone faces. . . . — — Map (db m101015) HM |
| On South Maple Avenue, on the left when traveling west. |
| | First called Berlin, later Barry, and finally named Brunswick in 1890, the town's fortunes fluctuated with the times. The canal was built here in 1834 and a large gristmill, powered by canal water, was built on the canal across from the towpath. . . . — — Map (db m4333) HM |
| On Railroad Square, on the right when traveling east. |
| | Union troops pursuing the Confederate army to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 crossed the Potomac River here. Called Berlin at the time of the Civil War, this town truly experienced the challenges of life on the border. Both the . . . — — Map (db m1863) HM |
| |
Today towpath hikers and bikers need a bridge to cross the Catoctin Creek here. Many decades ago canal boats needed a bridge too. The Catoctin Aqueduct, completed in 1834, served the canal until 1924. Imagine the scene here in the late 1800s - . . . — — Map (db m101305) HM |
| | The Brunswick Railroad Museum and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park Visitor Center exist side by side today, just as the transportation modes did when first arriving here in 1834. However, the early relationship between canal and . . . — — Map (db m60881) HM |
| Near C & O Canal Towpath (at milepost 51.5). |
| | The Catoctin Aqueduct, or "Aqueduct No. 3," ranks as one of the premiere stone structures on the C&O Canal. Aqueducts carried the canal's waters over creeks and rivers, allowing boats to float safely above the sometimes turbulent waters below. . . . — — Map (db m101016) HM |
| Near South Maple Avenue, on the right. |
| | Canal water was an important ingredient in the production of "C.F. Wenner's Choice Family Flour." Brunswick businessman Charles F. Wenner drew surplus water from the canal near Lock 30 to power the wheels and turbines of his flour mill. Wenner was . . . — — Map (db m4334) HM |
| Near Dwight D. Eisenhower Highway (Interstate 70), on the right. |
| | The 184-mile C&O Canal, where mule-drawn barges once lumbered alongside the Potomac River, provides a serene waterway for paddling and a towpath for hiking, biking and horseback riding. — — Map (db m116495) HM |
| Near C & O Canal Towpath. |
| |
Lockkeepers were available anytime of the day or night to operate this lock. Tending lock was often a family venture and the canal company preferred family men. Lockkeepers were paid as much as $600 a year, and were provided a lockhouse with a . . . — — Map (db m100999) HM |
| On Canal Street, on the right when traveling west. |
| | This [railroad] company was met by the most decided and inveterate opposition, on the part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. Philip E. Thomas, President, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company The proximity of railroad tracks by the . . . — — Map (db m7661) HM |
| |
Completed in 1837, Lockhouse 28 stands where fierce competition between the C&O Canal and the B&O Railroad brought both to a standstill. Both sides fought long and hard in the race to reach the Ohio River valley and control mid-Atlantic western . . . — — Map (db m100779) HM |
| On Clay Street (Maryland Route 28) east of Catoctin Mountain Road (U.S. 15). |
| | The rail line immediately before you served as an important means of supply and communication during the Civil War (the station, and tracks to Washington, D.C., on the southern or right side of the station were built later). Here at Point of Rocks, . . . — — Map (db m744) HM |
| | In 1832, Point of Rocks served as the western terminus for the C&O Canal and the B&O Railroad. This was not deliberate, but the result of competition as the transportation pioneers wrangled in court for rights to the narrow passage between the . . . — — Map (db m59743) HM |
| On Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath, on the right when traveling south. |
| | If you walk down the short path to the water's edge and look upriver to your right, you can see Snake Island in the middle of Little Falls Dam. Just behind the island, hidden underwater, is a fishway—a passage that enables fish to swim beyond . . . — — Map (db m136927) HM |
| On Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Seven dams and one steam pump were built along the river to funnel water into the canal. In times of drought or low water, usually during the height of summer, river levels dropped dramatically. The canal could not get enough water from the river . . . — — Map (db m136925) HM |
| | From its inception the vision of the C&O Canal has evolved, constantly finding ways to be relevant. Built in 1829, Lockhouse 6 stands a mile upstream from Little Falls, site of the canal's July 4th groundbreaking the previous year. Lockhouse 6 . . . — — Map (db m112119) HM |
| Near Clara Barton Parkway (southbound only) south of the Glen Echo Exit. Reported permanently removed. |
| | “When I was 7, we moved [to the] lock, and we were very happy. My mother was so happy to have a home; she was just about wild. And we did love it here, as a locktender, you know?” —Lavenia Cross Waskey
The . . . — — Map (db m112121) HM |
| On MacArthur Boulevard, on the right when traveling east. |
| | [ Panel 1] “... in our midst exists one of the most imposing and wonderful structures which engineering skill could devise ...” --William T.S. Curtis, November 1, 1897, from a paper read before the Columbia Historical Society. . . . — — Map (db m22636) HM |
| Near Clara Barton Parkway. |
| |
The “drop gate” on this lift lock was a technological advance over the more common swing-gate lock. It was faster and could be more easily operated by a single employee.
Only a few drop-gates were installed on the canal, most of . . . — — Map (db m103200) HM |
| Near Clara Barton Parkway 1.5 miles from Capital Beltway Inner Loop (Interstate 495), on the right when traveling east. |
| |
After being neglected for nearly a decade, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal received new life with the New Deal programs in the late 1930s. Two African American Civilian Conservation Corps camps were setup at nearby Cabin John and Carderock to . . . — — Map (db m105328) HM |
| Near Clara Barton Parkway 2 miles east of Capital Beltway Inner Loop (Interstate 495), on the right. |
| | A long blast on a tin horn followed by the boatman's shout of "Hey-ey-ey! Lock! Aw, Lock!" summoned the lock-keeper to duty. Lock-keepers were hired to "attend constantly and diligently by day and night," during the nine month boating season. They . . . — — Map (db m125189) HM |
| Near Carderock 0.3 miles south of Clara Barton Parkway, on the left when traveling west. |
| |
Has a job ever rewarded you with more than a paycheck? This was the case for many young African-American men who reported for duty each morning at Camp NP-2, where you are now standing. They lived a military lifestyle as Civilian . . . — — Map (db m160754) HM |
| On Macarthur Boulevard 0.3 miles south of Clara Barton Parkway, on the left when traveling west. |
| |
Have you ever had difficulty finding a job? During the Great Depression of the 1930s, 15 million Americans—a quarter of the nation's workforce—were unemployed. Many people lived in poverty. African-American unemployment rates were two . . . — — Map (db m160747) HM |
| On Darnestown Road (Maryland Route 28) 0.4 miles west of Seneca Road (Maryland Route 112), on the right when traveling west. |
| | On June 25-27, 1863, the Federal Army of the Potomac used two temporary pontoon bridges to cross the Potomac River from Virginia back into Maryland at Edwards Ferry. On the evening and morning of June 27-28, Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart led 5,000 . . . — — Map (db m1684) HM |
| Near Darnestown Road (Maryland Route 28) at Seneca Road (Route 112), on the right when traveling west. |
| | By the summer of 1861, the Union recognized Darnestown as an ideal location for establishing a major division headquarters. The town was strategically situated at the intersection of roads leading to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and to Washington, . . . — — Map (db m69731) HM |
| Near Darnestown Road (Route 28) just east of Seneca Road (Route 112), on the left when traveling east. |
| | Darnestown Road is one of the oldest roads in Montgomery County. Once an old trail, the route dates back to 1600 when it was used by the Seneca Indians. Native Americans Established villages, planted maize, and fished along the Potomac Palisades. . . . — — Map (db m69645) HM |
| On Whites Ferry Road (Maryland Route 107) at River Road, on the left when traveling west on Whites Ferry Road. |
| | Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park. The canal and towpath are dedicated to Justice William O. Douglas of White Ferry. — — Map (db m810) HM |
| On Dickerson Road (Maryland Route 28) at Mouth of the Monocacy Road, on the left when traveling north on Dickerson Road. |
| | Largest of eleven C&O aqueducts. Finished 1833, Alfred Cruger, Principal Engineer. Constructed of quartzite from Sugarloaf Mountain. It served until 1924, when after a flood, commercial operations ceased.
Administered by the National . . . — — Map (db m15016) HM |
| Near Mouth of Monocacy Road at Dickerson Road (Maryland Route 28). |
| | Confederate Gen. D. H. Hill’s division crossed the Potomac at Point of Rocks on September 4, 1862, and marched south to clear Union forces from the area. His men breached and drained the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at several places, burned canal . . . — — Map (db m65210) HM |
| On Mouth of Monocacy Road 1.3 miles west of Dickerson Road (Maryland Route 28), on the right when traveling west. |
| |
Springing Over the Monocacy
Captain William McNeill of the U.S. Topographical Engineers called this aqueduct “...a work which, while it is highly ornamental, unites...in its plan and execution, ‘the true principles of economy, . . . — — Map (db m714) HM |
| Near Whites Ferry Road (Maryland Route 107) at River Road. |
| | Before you is the last operating ferry on the Potomac River. Early settlers recognized these relatively still waters would provide an ideal location for a ferry. The first known ferry operation here was Conrad’s Ferry in 1817. After the Civil War, . . . — — Map (db m741) HM |
| Near Whites Ferry Road 0.1 miles south of River Road, on the right when traveling west. |
| | The serenity of the Maryland countryside was
shattered on September 4-6, 1862, as 35,000 Confederate soldiers of the Army of Northern Virginia
waded across the Potomac River. Gen. Robert E. Lee, hoping to rally support in the divided
state, sent . . . — — Map (db m807) HM |
| Near Martinsburg Road 2.5 miles west of Darnestown Road (Maryland Route 28), on the right when traveling west. |
| | A wing of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia commanded by Gen. James Longstreet, as well as part of Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry, crossed into Maryland just south of here on September 5-6, 1862. Other parts of the 40,000-man force, . . . — — Map (db m812) HM |
| Near Martinsburg Road, on the right when traveling south. |
| | During the Civil War, White's Ford on the Potomac River was employed by Confederate troops on three separate occasions. Lee's troops crossed here in their invasion of Maryland, September 4-7, 1862. General Jubal A. Early's II Corps, after an . . . — — Map (db m10145) HM |
| On MacArthur Blvd.. Reported missing. |
| |
When a river, such as the Potomac, was too swift or shallow for navigation, shippers built canals with lift locks along the river course. The C & O Canal consists of flat stretches of water connected by lift locks. The use of locks enabled the . . . — — Map (db m100771) HM |
| | The Potomac River is calm and narrow here, making it an ideal location for a ferry crossing. In 1791 Edwards Ferry began to operate here, connecting Maryland farmers to the Goose Creek Canal in Virginia and to the Leesburg markets. The ferry closed . . . — — Map (db m78350) HM |
| On Edwards Ferry Road 0.1 miles west of River Road, on the right when traveling west. |
| | In the mid-nineteenth century, Lockhouse 25 and the surrounding community of Edwards Ferry, Maryland, reaped the advantages of their locations. With the nearby river lock, the area served as the bustling entry point to the C&O Canal for agricultural . . . — — Map (db m78348) HM |
| On Edward's Ferry Road, on the right. |
| | Gen. Joseph Hooker’s 75,000-man, seven-corps Army of the Potomac crossed the Potomac River here, June 25-27, 1863, on the way to Gettysburg. The army crossed on two 1,400-foot-long pontoon bridges. Heavy rains during those three days made the single . . . — — Map (db m33741) HM |
| Near MacArthur Blvd. Reported missing. |
| | In days past, while standing on the edge of the canal one would see a variety of boats float by. During the peak operating years of the C&O canal in the 1870's, as many as 550 freight boats were in use on the canal carrying tons of coal from . . . — — Map (db m103042) HM |
| On C&O Canal Towpath south of Great Falls Road Climb. |
| | “It is a refuge, a place of retreat, a long stretch of quiet and peace at the Capital …”William O. Douglas.
Look around you. The park you stand in exists because people cared. In January 1954, Justice William O. . . . — — Map (db m49848) HM |
| On Falls Road at MacArthur Boulevard, on the right when traveling south on Falls Road. |
| | One of the most picturesque spots in Maryland.
George Washington came here many times and built canal locks on the Virginia side to make the river navigable for his "Potomac Company." — — Map (db m70177) HM |
| On C&O Canal Tow Path west of MacArthur Blvd./Great Falls Road Climb. |
| | Life was very different around the Great Falls Tavern during the canal era. The building before you began as a small lockhouse and was added onto twice until it became what you see today. The area around the tavern bustled with a community of over . . . — — Map (db m71604) HM |
| Near Macarthur Boulevard 1.3 miles west of Falls Road, on the left when traveling west. |
| |
Built between 1826 and 1831
by the
C & O Canal Company.
The tavern provided meals
and lodging for
canal travelers and boatmen
for nearly a century.
— — Map (db m160740) HM |
| On Pennyfield Lock Road, on the right when traveling south. |
| | If walls could talk then Lockhouse 22 could tell some tales. One might hear about President Grover Cleveland who sought refuge from the pressures of the White House by coming here on fishing trips. Or perhaps the lockhouse would tell of one . . . — — Map (db m28302) HM |
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Human habitation in the Potomac River Basin has existed for 9,000 years, according to archeological evidence. The name "Potomac" derives from the Algonquian word "patawomeke," which means "trading place." The first English settlement, St. Mary's . . . — — Map (db m61574) HM |
| On Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath at Angler's Footbridge, on the left when traveling west on Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath. |
| |
A 125-foot towpath breach opened just upstream from this site in September 2008 as a result of Tropical Storm Hannah.
The C&O Canal Trust, the Park's official nonprofit partner, raised $100,000 from private sources, which was used for site . . . — — Map (db m160741) HM |
| | The C&O Canal Company encountered many obstacles in creating a water highway highway that connected the Potomac and Ohio rivers. Navigating around the Great Falls proved one of the most challenging. Here, where the Potomac River plunges more than 41 . . . — — Map (db m152575) HM |
| On Rileys Lock Road south of River Road, on the right when traveling south. |
| | On June 24, 1863, Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, leaving 3,000 cavalrymen in Rectortown, Virginia, to monitor Federal activity, led three Confederate cavalry brigades to Haymarket. Encountering Union Gen. Winfield S. Hancock’s corps marching north, Stuart sent . . . — — Map (db m761) HM |
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Eleven aqueducts were built from Georgetown to Cumberland to carry water over water. The aqueducts, literally “water bridges,” carried the canal over large streams and rivers flowing into the Potomac River. This aqueduct enters . . . — — Map (db m96115) HM |
| | Sitting near the junction of the Potomac River and the Great Seneca Creek, the Seneca Mill had a long tradition at this pivotal location.
By 1725, a grist mill functioned here as a commercial staple for the small village. Early proprietors . . . — — Map (db m96104) HM |
| On Rileys Lock Road south of River Road. |
| | Canal engineers build aqueducts to bridge canal boats over rivers and large stream such as Seneca Creek. Eleven aqueducts were needed between here and the canal’s western terminus at Cumberland, Maryland; all required skilled quarrymen and . . . — — Map (db m760) HM |
| Near Violette's Lock Road, on the right when traveling south. |
| | Why are there two locks here? While they may look similar, the two locks played very different roles in the operation of the canal. The lock in front of you is Inlet Lock 2. The lock behind you is Lift Lock 23. Lift locks raised and lowered boats to . . . — — Map (db m22039) HM |
| On Georgia Avenue (Maryland Route 97) at Sligo Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Georgia Avenue. |
| | The Establishment of Silver Spring's first bank and Newspaper, traditional institutions required for a community to grow and prosper, occurred on this corner with the opening of the Silver Spring National Bank in 1910 and publication of The Maryland . . . — — Map (db m62165) HM |
| On Georgia Avenue (U.S. 29). |
| | “…A Full Line of Dry Goods and Clothing” was available at Moses Sclar's Grand Leader Store (8221 Georgia Avenue), which opened in 1926 and adjoined John and Joseph Dolan's project (see opposite side) to the south. In operation for . . . — — Map (db m79236) HM |
| On Georgia Avenue (U.S. 29) south of Bonifant Street when traveling south. |
| | Silver Spring's First Movie Theater, the 500-seat SECO (Suburban Electric Company), which opened on November 7, 1927 with the silent film "Fireman Save My Child," was located at 8242-8244 Georgia Avenue. The theater, renamed Roth's Silver . . . — — Map (db m125279) HM |
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