The 1863 campaigns for Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, and Mine Run exacted an immense toll upon the Army of the Potomac. Union Gen. George G. Meade deemed it vital to rest his command. War Department officials also used this . . . — — Map (db m97493) HM
Driven from Fleetwood Hill, the Union cavalry pulled back toward the Rappahannock River and halted just beyond cannon range. Observing that the sullen Federals refused to depart, Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart consolidated his defensive line around . . . — — Map (db m97494) HM
Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart realized that his headquarters here was overrun and that Gen. William E. Jones's Brigade was fighting to survive. Stuart ordered Gen. Wade Hampton's Brigade to fall back from the St. James Church line and recapture . . . — — Map (db m97495) HM
Col. H. Judson Kilpatrick formed his brigade on an open plateau to the southeast of Fleetwood Hill, 900 yards from here. He soon received orders to support Lt. Col. Percy Wyndham's Brigade, now fiercely engaged with Gen. William E. Jones's Brigade . . . — — Map (db m97499) HM
Union Lt. Col. Percy Wyndham advanced his command from Brandy Station and centered his attack on this spot. To your right, the 1st New Jersey Cavalry ascended the slope. The 1st Maryland Cavalry occupied the center, and to your left, circling around . . . — — Map (db m97501) HM
The commanding view from Fleetwood Hill rendered this “Famous Plateau” an ideal observation post during the war. Today the view looks much as it did in the 1860s.
1. COLE’S HILL
During the winter of 1864, Federal Second Corps . . . — — Map (db m154527) HM
On January 25, 1863, Union general Joseph "Fighting Joe" Hooker replaced Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside as the fifth commander of the demoralized eastern armies in less than two years. On taking charge of the Army of the Potomac, Hooker implemented . . . — — Map (db m154485) HM
On March 17, 1863, Union Gen. William W. Averell led 2,100 horsemen to the northern bank of the Rappahannock River at Kelly's Ford, four miles in front of you, under orders to "rout or destroy" Confederate Gen. Fitzhugh Lee and his cavalry command . . . — — Map (db m154487) HM
Confederate cavalry chief Gen. J.E.B. Stuart and Maj. John Pelham, the commander of Stuart’s Horse Artillery, frequented the Virginia House Hotel and often visited the Shackelford family across the street. A warm friendship developed between . . . — — Map (db m12496) HM
While Union Gen. Christopher C. Augur's division battled in the cornfield to your left, Union Gen. Alpheus S. Williams launched his own attack across the field where you now stand, which was then broken by shocks of tall wheat. The death of Gen. . . . — — Map (db m184365) HM
"The rattle of musketry, the shouting, cheering and yelling was deafening. The smoke of battle ... made it impossible to see but a short distance. The leaves and small limbs were falling thick and the bark from the timber flying in every . . . — — Map (db m184967) HM
"The infantry were posted in line of battle on the right of the battery, and cheerfully awaited the order which would bring them more actively into the deadly conflict." —Gen. John Pope, USA
"I have come to help whip the Yankees . . . — — Map (db m185346) HM
In the summer of 1862, Federal Gen. John Pope threatened to retaliate against Southern civilians who tried to thwart the efforts of his new army. The threats prompted Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee to issue Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson the . . . — — Map (db m183987) HM
Following the Gettysburg Campaign, Federal officials sought to verify rumors that a substantial part of Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Confederate army had been detached. On September 13, 1863, Federal cavalry moved down the tracks from your left, under . . . — — Map (db m8417) HM
During the winter of 1863-64, Federal officers quartered in many of Culpeper’s homes. The surrounding landscape was dotted with tents and huts for ten square miles as nearly 100,000 soldiers encamped. Gen. U.S. Grant, commander of all Federal . . . — — Map (db m8419) HM
On May 8, 1864, following the Battle of the Wilderness, troopers of the 9th Virginia Cavalry scouted through this region and captured several United States Colored Troops (USCTs) near Madden's Tavern. Private Byrd C. Willis of the 9th recalled, . . . — — Map (db m185516) HM
"My command did not want to back out. We had backed out enough." —Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, USA
"Banks is in our front and he is generally willing to fight. And he generally gets whipped." —Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, CSA . . . — — Map (db m183957) HM
"As we came over the brow of the hill our men were fearfully mowed down, but not one faltered. … Our musketry was without any cessation, and theirs was the same. The balls came in perfect sheets around us, besides this, flank . . . — — Map (db m184366) HM
Three days after the battle, after cease-fire, Stonewall Jackson's force withdrew to Gordonsville. At least 405 men were buried on the field. All but one, N.B. Phillips, were in unmarked graves.
The Union army occupied the field for about a . . . — — Map (db m184367) HM
"A shell passed through [Gen. Charles S. Winder's] side and arm, tearing them fearfully. He … lay quivering on the ground. He had issued strict orders that morning that no one, except those detailed for the purpose, should leave his . . . — — Map (db m184368) HM
In the spring of 1861, the Little Fork Rangers (Co. D, 4th Virginia Cavalry), mustered in the yard of Little Fork Episcopal Church. On July 4, the Rangers were presented with a battle flag as they left Rixeyville for the First Battle of Manassas. . . . — — Map (db m72188) HM
The remains of 1,323 Federal soldiers, 148 of them unknown, who died in Danville’s Civil War prisons are interred here. Many died from smallpox which ravaged the six prisons during the winter of 1863-1864.
The names of the dead were recorded . . . — — Map (db m66010) HM
Danville residents, feeling vulnerable to enemy attack because of the vast amount of commissary and quartermaster supplies stored in their town and the presence of the Confederate arsenal, petitioned the town council in February 1863 to build . . . — — Map (db m66004) HM
Built for use as a tobacco factory and leased to the Confederate government, this building housed many Federal soldiers captured in the Battle of the Crater at Petersburg in July 1864.
It was one of six buildings used in tobacco . . . — — Map (db m66005) HM
When Confederate President Jefferson Davis was informed April 2, 1865, that Petersburg had fallen and Federal armies were approaching, he used the Richmond & Danville Railroad to evacuate his government to Danville.
Ten days later, after . . . — — Map (db m66007) HM
At the outbreak of the Civil War, the Richmond & Danville Railroad was already part of a rail network that would sustain the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. The Richmond & Danville extension to Greensboro, North Carolina, known as the . . . — — Map (db m66008) HM
By the outbreak of the Civil War, the Virginia General Assembly had chartered only eight railroads totaling 638 miles. The North, in contrast, had developed an immense network of railroads and canals. This transportation network reached into the . . . — — Map (db m66009) HM
This Italian villa mansion was the home of Maj. William T. Sutherlin, wartime quartermaster for Danville and one of its most prominent citizens. For one week, April 3-10, 1865, Sutherlin and his wife opened their home to Jefferson Davis and the . . . — — Map (db m66011) HM
In June 1864, to deny Gen. Robert E. Lee the use of the South Side R.R. and the Richmond and Danville R.R., Gen, Ulysses S. Grant sent Gen. James H. Wilson and Gen. August V. Kautz south of Petersburg on a cavalry raid to destroy track and rolling . . . — — Map (db m17556) HM
In June 1864, to deny Gen. Robert E. Lee the use of the South Side R.R. and the Richmond and Danville R.R., Gen. Ulysses S. Grant sent Gen. James H. Wilson and Gen. August V Kautz south of Petersburg on a cavalry raid to destroy track and rolling . . . — — Map (db m18840) HM
Welcome to the Reams Station battlefield! In the summer of 1864, two battles of the significant Petersburg Campaign raged across this ground for control of the Petersburg (Weldon) Railroad. Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederates defended Petersburg and . . . — — Map (db m243283) HM
"Time is passing and Richmond is still not ours. I think it cannot be long now before the tug will come which, if it does not secure the prize, will put us where the end will be in sight."
—Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, USA
"The only . . . — — Map (db m184324) HM
"Every point of the enemy's [line] was carefully felt and examined for a weak point; none such, however, was found."
—Gen. John F. Hartranft, USA
"Our boys went into line with their accustomed cheer, and the yankees seeing our . . . — — Map (db m184682) HM
"We expected to 'rush' the rebels, but on reaching the creek we found it too deep for fording, and the enemy in good rifle-pits on the other bank, about 25 yards away."
—Pvt. Richard McBride, 190th Pennsylvania Infantry, USA
"The . . . — — Map (db m184870) HM
"Newspapers try to make the best of our [failed] 'reconnaissance.' This affords a vast deal of amusement, considering there were greater exertions and preparations made for this expedition than any previous one."
—Col. Charles S. . . . — — Map (db m184895) HM
"When a man is on picket at night he is monarch of all he surveys. No one living has more absolute power than he. His word is law."—Corp. Lewis Bissell, 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery, USA
"I have seen veterans of three full . . . — — Map (db m85913) HM
"We have set what we call Johnny catchers ... long poles set into the ground with the upper end about as high as a man's head and they are so thick that a rabbit could not crawl through."—Corp. Andrew W. Burwell, 5th Wisconsin . . . — — Map (db m155596) HM
“The charge of Major-Gen. Wright’s veterans under cover of the darkness and mist … will forever live in history as one of the grandest and most sublime actions of the war.”—Sgt. Newton J. Terrill, 14th New Jersey Infantry, USA . . . — — Map (db m184488) HM
“The charge of Major-Gen. Wright’s veterans under cover of the darkness and mist … will forever live in history as one of the grandest and most sublime actions of the war.”—Sgt. Newton J. Terrill, 14th New Jersey Infantry, USA
“The . . . — — Map (db m184489) HM
"There is every indication that a heavy force is being massed in our front, and if a charge is made, this line cannot possibly be held by these few men."
—Unidentified North Carolina picket, CSA
"Nothing could be seen, nothing . . . — — Map (db m184517) HM
As the enemy must have massed on the right of our line, they must have left their own line weak. How would it do for us to attack along the whole length of our line?"
—Gen. Horatio G. Wright, USA
"The enemy swarmed up to the . . . — — Map (db m184530) HM
"Gentlemen we are going to have a h—l of a fight at early daylight ... if any of you have anything to say to your folks, wives, or sweethearts make your story short and get what sleep you can."—Col. James Hubbard, 2nd Connecticut Heavy . . . — — Map (db m184633) HM
"No doubt a few more days will settle the fate of Petersburg. I shall be glad to welcome the dawn of peace, for I am tired of bloodshed."
—Col. Elisha Hunt Rhodes, 2nd Rhode Island Infantry, USA
"A very small effort on the part . . . — — Map (db m184650) HM
Racing the pursuing Confederate cavalry for the safety of the Union lines at Petersburg after accomplishing most of its mission, Gen. James H. Wilson's command reached Ream's Station about 7 a.m. June 29. Two brigades of Gen. William Mahone's . . . — — Map (db m13774) HM
In June 1864, to deny Gen. Robert E. Lee the use of the South Side R.R. and the Richmond and Danville R.R., Gen. Ulysses S. Grant sent Gen. James H. Wilson and Gen. August V. Kautz south of Petersburg on a cavalry raid to destroy track and rolling . . . — — Map (db m13776) HM
The Union attack that broke the back of the Confederate defense of Petersburg and forced Gen. Robert E. Lee to evacuate the Army of Northern Virginia from the city happened here April 2, 1865. You are standing at the end of the Confederate right . . . — — Map (db m155211) HM
Just west of you is the railbed of the original Petersburg and Weldon Railroad, a major supply line to the Confederate army in Petersburg and Richmond. Because of its importance, the Union army made an effort to destroy the line here at Hicksford . . . — — Map (db m18843) HM
Blenheim, built for Albert and Mary Willcoxon about 1859, contains some of the nation’s best-preserved Civil War soldier writings. More than 110 identified Union soldiers, representing units from New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, West . . . — — Map (db m21077) HM
On June 1. 1861, the first major skirmish of the Civil War occurred on the main street of Fairfax Court House. In the pre-dawn hours 50 men of Co. B, Second U.S. Cavalry, led by Lt. Charles H. Tomkins, rode into town firing their weapons. As . . . — — Map (db m626) HM
After the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, most of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia settled into winter quarters except for Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry, which instead went on the move. Wade Hampton, Fitzhugh . . . — — Map (db m83049) HM
During the Civil War, African American laborers chopped wood and conveyed it to Burke’s Station, a major Federal timber transportation station located here on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad. To supply the Union army and engineers with timber . . . — — Map (db m88520) HM
On July 18, 1861, Gen. Irvin McDowell, the Union army commander, learned that the Confederate army had withdrawn from its Centreville earthworks to a strong defensive position behind Bull Run. McDowell ordered Gen. Daniel Tyler to reconnoiter the . . . — — Map (db m42643) HM
By the early summer of 1861, Americans in both the North and South greeted the outbreak of war with patriotism and expectations of a quick decisive battle to end the conflict. In the North, the public clamored for immediate invasion to crush the . . . — — Map (db m42644) HM
On July 18, 1861, Gen. Irvin McDowell, the Union army commander, learned that the Confederate army had withdrawn from its Centreville earthworks to a strong defensive position behind Bull Run. McDowell ordered Gen. Daniel Tyler to reconnoiter the . . . — — Map (db m173364) HM
In June 1994, a well-preserved male skeleton was found buried in a then-wooded area a few yards in front of you and reported to authorities. Remnants of a woolen uniform jacket with military-style brass buttons covered the upper half of the remains. . . . — — Map (db m134315) HM
Here, where the Warrenton Turnpike turned west from Braddock Road, the Union army marched from Centreville to meet Confederate forces in the first great battle of the Civil War on July 21, 1861. The afternoon, Union soldiers passed by here again, . . . — — Map (db m173378) HM
Following the disastrous defeat at the First Battle of Manassas on July 21, 1861, the Union army retreated toward Centreville late in the afternoon with Confederate forces in pursuit. Thousands of Federal soldiers converged simultaneously at the . . . — — Map (db m75727) HM
Passing armies occupied and fortified Centreville, positioned between Washington, D.C., and Manassas Junction, beginning in July 1861 when Confederate and Union forces met during the war's first significant campaign. As American and British . . . — — Map (db m57135) HM
At the time of the Civil War, the farms of Sully and Little Sully (no longer standing) were the homes of the Barlow and Haight families respectively. These families, connected by marriage, had come to Virginia from Dutchess County, New York, and . . . — — Map (db m217) HM
Devereux Station, constructed in 1863 on the Orange and Alexandria (O&A) Railroad, was located down the tracks to your left. After the Confederate army withdrew from northern Virginia toward Richmond in March 1862, the U.S. Military Railroad . . . — — Map (db m196008) HM
During the Civil War, the Orange & Alexandria Railroad was strategically important to both the Union and the Confederate armies. Sangster's Station, located 1-3/4 miles to your right where Colchester Road crosses under the railroad tracks, was . . . — — Map (db m196009) HM
During the Civil War, both Union and Confederate forces considered Wolf Run Shoals an essential crossing point on the Occoquan River through 1963. Confederate regiments camped on the south side of the shoals and posted pickets there from the winter . . . — — Map (db m74885) HM
At different times, Union and Confederate forces occupied the Fairfax County Courthouse at this important crossroads. The flag of each side flew from its cupola during the war, and the building suffered damage.
On April 25, 1861, the Fairfax . . . — — Map (db m43134) HM
Senderos de la Guerra Civil en Virginia. El 1 de Septiembre de 1862, una intensa tormenta agregada a los violentos sonidos de la batalla que ocurría aquí. El intento del ejército de la Unión, que estaba retirándose . . . — — Map (db m182222) HM
The historic Reid-Ballard House once stood 140 yards west-northwest of this marker. The original log structure was built by Joseph Reid before the Revolution on land inherited by his wife, Barbara Walker Reid. The house and land passed to succeeding . . . — — Map (db m3216) HM
The Battle of Ox Hill (or Chantilly) was fought here, in rain and storm, on September 1, 1862. It was a bloody aftermath following the Second Battle of Manassas (August 28-30) where the Union Army under Gen. John Pope was defeated and driven across . . . — — Map (db m212829) HM
The first Fairfax Station depot, built by Irish immigrants in 1852, was a stop on the Orange
and Alexandria Railroad from Alexandria to Gordonsville. Early in 1862, after Confederate forces withdrew, the railroad carried military supplies
and . . . — — Map (db m885) HM
Monday, August 8, 1864, was a hot and sultry day. Capt. John McMenamin of the 15th New York Volunteer Cavalry and Capt. James Fleming of the 16th New York Volunteer Cavalry had stopped at St. Mary's Church on the Ox Road (now Fairfax Station . . . — — Map (db m186) HM
In the fall of 1861, Fairfax County found itself between two large armies. Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and his army occupied the Centreville area. The Federal army, still regrouping after the devastating defeat at the First Battle of . . . — — Map (db m115854) HM
At midday on March 17, 1863, 40 blue-coated cavalrymen ambled into Herndon Station on the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad in no-man's-land between Confederate and Union positions. The hamlet contained a depot building and steam-powered . . . — — Map (db m214235) HM
On St. Patrick's Day, March 17, 1863, Confederate Capt. John S. Mosby and 40 Partisan Rangers attacked the picket post of the 1st Vermont Cavalry guarding this station on the Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad. The detachment commander Lt. . . . — — Map (db m151048) HM
Laura Ratcliffe, a spy for noted Confederate officers J.E.B. Stuart and John S. Mosby, lived here at Merrybrook after the Civil War. It is the only known remaining house associated with her. During the war, she lived two-and-a-half miles south of . . . — — Map (db m126642) HM
During the Civil War, the prominent hilltop location of Pohick Church made it a target for occupation and vandalism, but it also served as an aeronautical center. On November 12, 1861, Union Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman’s 2nd Michigan Volunteers . . . — — Map (db m65051) HM
On September 11, 1861, Lt. Orlando Poe led a party of U.S. Army Topographical Engineers to map the area around Lewinsville for military use. Col. Isaac Stevens and 1,800 men protected the engineers. Stevens’s command included the 79th New York . . . — — Map (db m208587) HM
Before you is Flint Hill Cemetery, the resting place of many of this area's most prominent Civil War-era civilian and military figures. Twenty-four veterans, including four who served in Confederate Col. John S. Mosby's Partisan Rangers, are . . . — — Map (db m59041) HM
On September 28, 1863, Confederate Maj. John S. Mosby raided the house that stood nearby on the bluff at the end of May Boulevard. The day before, Mosby and eight of his men road from Fauquier County toward Alexandria, where Mosby planned to . . . — — Map (db m67535) HM
The Lake Accotink access road here lies atop the original road bed of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, chartered in 1849 to link the port city of Alexandria with Gordonsville in central Virginia. After the war began in 1861, railroads became . . . — — Map (db m2749) HM
This six-point, star-shaped earthen fort with a 130-yard perimeter was constructed on the highest point of land in the area. It provided a commanding view of the western and northwestern approaches to Vienna.
Earthwork fortifications, . . . — — Map (db m1527) HM
In 1859, Abram Lydecker, a New Jersey merchant, purchased land in Vienna on which to build a large combination dwelling and store. The Lydecker family was displaced early as the Civil War swirled around the small village. Vienna village changed . . . — — Map (db m1643) HM
For four days in March 1862, the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps camped here. It left Camp Pierpont at Langley on March 10 for Hunter's Mill on orders of Union Gen. George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, who had heard that Gen. . . . — — Map (db m203836) HM
In 1861, Falls Church was a farm village located on the Alexandria-Leesburg Turnpike. On May 24, when Virginia's vote of secession became effective, Union troops crossed the Potomac and occupied Arlington Heights and Alexandria. On June 1, the 2nd . . . — — Map (db m2825) HM
Although soldiers repeatedly overran and raided Cherry Hill Farm during the Civil War, this ca. 1845 farmhouse and the ca. 1856 barn behind it survived almost intact. William Blaisdell, of Massachusetts paid $4,000 for the 66-acre property in 1856. . . . — — Map (db m65407) HM
In 1867, African Americans built Galloway United Methodist Church and established the historic cemetery you are facing. According to local tradition, before and during the Civil War enslaved people on the Dulany plantation secretly worshiped in the . . . — — Map (db m72029) HM
You are standing across the street from land that Harriet Brice, a “free woman of color,” purchased in 1864. Together with her husband, George Brice, she struggled to farm the property during the Civil War. Although she had gained her freedom . . . — — Map (db m206332) HM
Confederate Col. John Singleton Mosby's Partisan Rangers (43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry) conducted raids on Falls Church through the summer and fall of 1864. On the night of October 17, a detachment of Mosby's command rode through the village down . . . — — Map (db m69552) HM
At the beginning of the war, Union commanders were uncertain of Confederate intentions and military capabilities. On June 22, 1861, civilian balloonist Thaddeus S.C. Lowe inflated his racing balloon Enterprise at the Washington Gas Company . . . — — Map (db m41495) HM
The Civil War dramatically affected this 1769 Anglican/Episcopal church that stands before you. The congregation disbanded as the war broke out, with some families fleeing the village. Confederate forces occupied the church in August and September . . . — — Map (db m72085) HM
(Preface): After Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's stunning victory at Chancellorsville in May 1863, he led the Army of Northern Virginia west to the Shenandoah Valley, then north through central Maryland and across the Mason-Dixon Line into . . . — — Map (db m171931) HM
In October 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia pushed Union Gen. George G. Meade's Army of the Potomac back toward the fortifications around Centreville. Meade’s army marched along several roads, one of which brought . . . — — Map (db m233658) HM
The gap to your left between Biscuit Mountain (the northern promontory of Pond Mountain) on the south and Mother Leathercoat Mountain on the north, described as “that dark, gloomy cleft” in an 1862 issue of Frank Leslie’s Illustrated . . . — — Map (db m167749) HM
Second Manassas Campaign August 22, 1862, was a day of surprises in Fauquier County, most of which were provided by Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart and his 1,500 cavalrymen. Their target was the lightly guarded Union supply depot here at . . . — — Map (db m2750) HM
Here at Piedmont Station (now Delaplane) trains were used for
the first time in history to move troops to impending battle.
On July 19, 1861 the fields surrounding this stop on the
Manassas Gap Railroad—which appeared then almost exactly . . . — — Map (db m41648) HM
The Village of Salem (renamed Marshall in 1882) was in the heartland of Col. John Singleton Mosby’s Confederacy. His 43rd Battalion of Partisan Rangers was summoned by the grapevine when needed and executed successful raids, often under the cover . . . — — Map (db m1183) HM
Mosby's Confederacy and First Manassas Campaign In the early morning hours of July 19, 1861, thousands of campfire lights burned in the camp of Col. Thomas J. Jackson's brigade which occupied the fields surrounding nearby Paris. Many thoughts . . . — — Map (db m4976) HM
On November 5, 1862, several weeks after a tainted victory at Antietam, the Army of the Potomac's Commander-in-Chief Gen. George Brinton McClellan established his headquarters here. That same day President Abraham Lincoln wrote the orders relieving . . . — — Map (db m1173) HM
Pickets of the opposing armies frequently exchanged gunfire over the Rappahannock River and occasionally swapped Yankee coffee for Rebel tobacco. On St. Patrick’s Day, 1863, they did both here at Kelly’s Ford, about 100 yards downstream from the . . . — — Map (db m108466) HM
The hamlet of Mill View, present-day Remington, became known as Rappahannock Station to the Civil War armies which campaigned in this area. Here the vital Orange & Alexandria railroad (to your left) crossed the Rappahannock River just behind the . . . — — Map (db m2525) HM
The Plains, situated on the Manassas Gap Railroad between Piedmont Station and Manassas Junction, was frequently traversed by troops from both sides.
Throughout the war, local resident Edward (Ned) Carter Turner kept a detailed diary. . . . — — Map (db m156110) HM
(Preface): After the Battle of Antietam in September 1862, Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia escaped to Virginia. President Abraham Lincoln repeatedly urged Union Gen. George B. McClellan to pursue and attack. Following a plan . . . — — Map (db m42491) HM
After Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's stunning victory at Chancellorsville in May 1863, he led the Army of Northern Virginia west to the Shenandoah Valley, then north through central Maryland and across the Mason-Dixon Line into . . . — — Map (db m3754) HM
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