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West Virginia Archives and History Historical Markers

This series is for the markers that are part of the West Virginia Department of Archives and History as well as its predecessor agencies.
 
Ice Mountain Marker image, Touch for more information
By Craig Swain, November 27, 2009
Ice Mountain Marker
GEOGRAPHIC SORT
201West Virginia (Hampshire County), Hanging Rock — Ice Mountain
Huge natural refrigerator, five miles north along North River, where ice is found for several hundred yards on the hottest summer days. Raven Rock, on North Mountain, overs one of the finest views in West Virginia. — Map (db m25085) HM
202West Virginia (Hampshire County), Mechanicsburg — Fort Mill Ridge Trenches
Constructed in Spring 1863 by the 54th Pennsylvania under Col. Jacob Campbell, the fortifications took advantage of the natural defenses overlooking Mechanicsburg Gap and the South Branch of the Potomac. The site was occupied March-June and . . . — Map (db m150658) HM
203West Virginia (Hampshire County), Mechanicsburg — Mechanicsburg Gap / Col. Claudius Crozet
Mechanicsburg Gap Scenic canyon cut through Mill Creek Mountain by Mill creek. Here an old Indian trail was the pathway from the Valley of Virginia to the Alleghenies, then the Northwestern Turnpike, now the George Washington Highway Col. . . . — Map (db m19355) HM
204West Virginia (Hampshire County), Mechanicsburg — Oriskany Sand
The massive sandstone forming the top of the exposure and the great arch is the Oriskany, and the limestone below it is the Helderberg of the driller and geologist. The "Oriskany Sand", an important gas Sand, has produced in excess of a trillion . . . — Map (db m150659) HM
205West Virginia (Hampshire County), Pinoak — Pinoak Fountain
Built by State Road Comm. and local artisans in 1932; land given by H.R. Edeburn. Crystal quartz quarried from behind nearby Bloomery iron furnace, and stone from hillside behind the fountain. Spring water, gravity fed from hill above, supplied area . . . — Map (db m391) HM
206West Virginia (Hampshire County), Purgitsville — High Knob
This peak on Hampshire-Hardy line rises a thousand feet above the surrounding hills to a height of more than half a mile. From it can be seen points in three counties. It overlooks "The Trough," famed for its history and scenery. — Map (db m152775) HM
207West Virginia (Hampshire County), Romney — Indian Mound
The Indian Mound Cemetery, which is 7 feet high and about 15 feet in diameter, is one of the largest remaining mounds in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. This mound has never been excavated but similar mounds of area dug by Smithsonian . . . — Map (db m155358) HM
208West Virginia (Hampshire County), Romney — Lew Wallace's Raid on Romney
On June 13, 1861, Col. Lew Wallace (11th Indiana Infantry) led a raid against Southern forces occupying Romney. Wallace passed through the Mechanicsburg Gap and took South Branch Bridge. The Rebel retreat from Romney forced Gen. Johnston to abandon . . . — Map (db m150660) HM
209West Virginia (Hampshire County), Romney — Romney / Early Memorial
Romney. Incorporated as a town, 1762. Owned and laid off as a town by Lord Fairfax. Named for one of the five English Channel ports. Not far away was Fort Pearsall, built, 1756, as Indian defense. Town changed military control 56 times, . . . — Map (db m159299) HM
210West Virginia (Hampshire County), Romney — Romney in 1861–1865 / “Stonewall” Jackson
Romney in 1861–1865. Sitting astride the natural invasion route from the Shenandoah Valley to the Potomac and the B. & O. Railroad, Romney was scourged by both armies. No great battles were fought here, but during the War the town . . . — Map (db m159297) HM
211West Virginia (Hampshire County), Romney — W. Va School for the Deaf and Blind
Established, 1870. The Classical Institute was donated by the Romney Literary Society as the initial building unit. Co-educational school giving academic and vocational training to the State's deaf and blind youth. — Map (db m459) HM
212West Virginia (Hampshire County), Three Churches — Mount Bethel Church
The Presbyterians established a church near here in 1792. At first called the Mountain Church in 1808, it became the nucleus of Presbyterian work in Hampshire County under the auspices of the Rev. John Lyle. The Rev. James Black reorganized the . . . — Map (db m19356) HM
213West Virginia (Hampshire County), Vance — Fort Forman
Frontier outpost, Capt. William Forman (Foreman), in 1777, led a company from this county to the relief of Fort Henry at Wheeling. He, two sons, and others were killed in an ambush by Native Americans at the "Narrows" near Moundsville. — Map (db m19357) HM
214West Virginia (Hancock County), Chester — Rock Spring Park
Named for natural springs reputedly used by George Washington. Donated in 1857 for picnics and prize fights. Developed in 1897 as amusement park served by streetcar and boat attracting 15-20 thousand daily. Included dance pavilions, shooting . . . — Map (db m49697) HM
215West Virginia (Hancock County), Moscow — Early Mills
Site of Nesselroad's powder mill which operated from 1795 to 1801. To the south on King's Creek stood Hartford's grist mill which served local settlers in early 1800's. In 1823, Swearingen's grist mill and Eaton's saw mill were built near the same . . . — Map (db m39654) HM
216West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Brickyard Bend
Named by boat captains for many brick works shipping from area. John Gamble first mined clay in 1839; James Porter had first brick works in 1832. By 1844, five works produced 1.5 million bricks. Later, some 20 plants: including Captain John Porter, . . . — Map (db m44118) HM
217West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Brickyard Bend
Named by boat captains for many brick works shipping from area. John Gamble first mined clay in 1830; James Porter had first brick works in 1832; five works in 1844 produced 1.5 million bricks. Later, over 20 plants, using local clay, gas and coal, . . . — Map (db m44120) HM
218West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Captain John Porter / Chelsea China Company
Side A:Captain John Porter(August 7, 1838 - February 7, 1893) Early developer of New Cumberland, he operated line of steamboats and barges on Ohio River, Chelsea China Company and glass plants. Known as "brick king" he owned Sligo, . . . — Map (db m44121) HM
219West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Contested County Seat
Hancock County, formed in 1848 in home of Sam C. Allison in Fairview, also known as Pughtown and New Manchester. In election for county seat, New Cumberland won by 13; refusal to move led to another vote and majority of 46 in 1850 to move. In May . . . — Map (db m44124) HM
220West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Gravel Hill Academy
Located beside courthouse, original building of four rooms built in 1869, opened in 1870 with town hall on 2nd floor. In 1888 two wings were added. By 20 January 1939, when destroyed by fire, had 14 rooms with 500 students. Rebuilt on same site, it . . . — Map (db m44126) HM
221West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — New Cumberland
Near New Cumberland, George Chapman settled, about 1783, and built an Indian fort. Here are graves of the Chapmans, Gregorys, Graftons, and other pioneer families. Pughtown, settled about 1810, was the first county seat. — Map (db m39685) HM
222West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — New Cumberland
Near New Cumberland, George Chapman settled, about 1783, and built an Indian fort. Here are graves of the Chapmans, Gregorys, Graftons, and other pioneer families. Pughtown, settled about 1810, was the first county seat. — Map (db m44130) HM
223West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Ohio River
The river flowing past New Cumberland contributed significantly to the political, economic and social development of the town. Early settlers to New Cumberland came by river and then depended on the river as means of receiving supplies and . . . — Map (db m44133) HM
224West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Old Town
In 1839 John Cuppy laid out 42 lots on his farm between Ohio River and hill; added 50 lots in 1850. Named Vernon but called Cuppy Town. In 1840 John Chapman built the first house. Industry based on rich clay deposits, brick plants and river . . . — Map (db m39743) HM
225West Virginia (Hancock County), New Cumberland — Old Town
In 1839 John Cuppy laid out 42 lots on his farm between Ohio River and hill; added 50 lots in 1850. Named Vernon but called Cuppy Town. In 1840 John Chapman built the first house. Industry based on rich clay deposits, brick plants and river . . . — Map (db m44135) HM
226West Virginia (Hancock County), New Manchester — Hartford's Mill
On Tomlinson Run, Nesselroad's powder mill began operation about 1795. Near by occurred the famous fight between Andrew and Adam Poe, border scouts, and Chief Big Foot and another Indian in 1782. The Poes won. Two Indians died. — Map (db m66535) HM
227West Virginia (Hancock County), Newell — Logan Massacre
One of the events which led up to Dunmore's War was the killing at this point of the family of Chief Logan, eloquent leader of the Mingo Indians, April, 1774, opposite their village at the mouth of Yellow Creek in Ohio. — Map (db m44727) HM
228West Virginia (Hancock County), Newell — Newell
Here is located the largest single pottery unit in the world. This county has been a large producer of pottery for more than a century and today West Virginia stands second among all of the states in its production. — Map (db m44730) HM
229West Virginia (Hancock County), Weirton — Hancock County / Brooke County
Side A:Hancock CountyFormed in 1848 from Brooke. Named for John Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence. Iron furnaces established in this county as early as 1794 made the cannon balls that Commodore Perry used in . . . — Map (db m44127) HM
230West Virginia (Hancock County), Weirton — Hancock County / State of Pennsylvania
Hancock County Formed in 1848 from Brooke. Named for John Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence. Iron furnaces established in this county as early as 1794 made the cannon balls that Commodore Perry used in Battle of Lake . . . — Map (db m80381) HM
231West Virginia (Hancock County), Weirton — Holliday's Cove
East was Fort Holliday, built in 1776. During the Revolution it was a supply depot for the Continental Army. From it Col. Swearingen led troops with ammunition to relieve Fort Henry at Wheeling when attacked by Indians in 1777. — Map (db m80384) HM
232West Virginia (Hancock County), Weirton — James J. Andrews
Born in Hollidays Cove ca. 1829. Moved to Kentucky and served as Union civilian scout during the Civil War. Seized locomotive, The General, in northern Georgia, and attempted to move within Union lines, but train lost power and raiders were . . . — Map (db m155989) HM
233West Virginia (Hancock County), Weirton — Peter Tarr Furnace
Two miles east is the site of first blast furnace west of the Alleghenies. Built in 1794, it was the forerunner of the steel industry which flourished in this area. Here Peter Tarr cast cannon balls used by Perry on Lake Erie. — Map (db m44138) HM
234West Virginia (Hancock County), Weirton — Three Springs Church
100 yards south is site of original log Three Springs Church. Built 1790 on land donated by James Campbell. Elisha Macurdy, first pastor, called Nov., 1799. The mother church of Cove and Paris United Presbyterian churches. — Map (db m80385) HM
235West Virginia (Hardy County), Lost City — Lost River’s First Church
300 yards east is the first Lost River Valley Church. Built of logs, prior to 1797, on land deeded by Anthony Miller, 1831, to the Baptists and Presbyterians “to hold in common for a meetinghouse and graveyard.” — Map (db m48935) HM
236West Virginia (Hardy County), Lost River — Lost River
Settled before 1750. Nearby was Riddle’s Fort, frontier outpost. Here Battle of Lost River was fought in 1756 between company of Virginia frontiersmen under Captain Jeremiah Smith and band of 50 French and Indians. — Map (db m155201) HM
237West Virginia (Hardy County), Mathias — Howard's Lick / Jackson Home
Howard's Lick Howard's Lick, or Lee White Sulphur Springs, was once owned by Gen. Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee of Revolutionary War fame. It was owned later by Charles Carter Lee, brother of the beloved Gen. Robert E. Lee. Jackson Home . . . — Map (db m50470) HM
238West Virginia (Hardy County), Moorefield — Battle of Moorefield
After a failed raid on New Creek on August 4, 1864, the Confederate cavalry of Gens. McCausland and Johnson made camp near Moorefield on the South Branch of the Potomac. Hoping to smash the Rebel raiders, Union Gen. Averell led his smaller force in . . . — Map (db m153025) HM
239West Virginia (Hardy County), Moorefield — Gen. Joseph Neville / McNeill's Raid
(Front): Near here, grave of Gen. Joseph Neville; officer in Revolution; member of conventions of 1775 and 1776. With Alexander McLean of Pennsylvania, he completed survey of the Mason and Dixon line in 1782. His son, Joseph, was a general in . . . — Map (db m23213) HM
240West Virginia (Hardy County), Moorefield — Moorefield
Chartered, 1777, and named for Conrad Moore, early settler. During Indian wars, Town Fort, north, and Fort Buttermilk, south, gave protection. Here, 1794, Gen. Biggs brought part of the troops recruited to suppress Whisky Rebellion. — Map (db m9233) HM
241West Virginia (Hardy County), Moorefield — Presbyterian Church
During the Civil War this church was used by both the North and South as a hospital. Union soldiers stabled horses here and burned pews for firewood. Federal government paid $800 indemnity in 1914. — Map (db m9236) HM
242West Virginia (Hardy County), Old Fields — Fort Pleasant
Built on lands of Issac Van Meter who took up claim near Old Fields, 1735, and settled there, 1744. In chain of forts which Washington established. For a time it was garrisoned by British regulars. Near it was Battle of the Trough, 1756. — Map (db m155454) HM
243West Virginia (Hardy County), Old Fields — Willow Wall
This U-shaped Georgian-Tidewater house, built 1811-12, was the home of the McNeill family. During the Civil War, McNeill's Rangers, a Southern band of guerillas, used it as a home base. Confederate Gen. Bradley Johnson headquartered here before the . . . — Map (db m152773) HM
244West Virginia (Hardy County), Peru — Mt. Olive Lutheran ChurchFounded in 1888 by Dr. Conrad B. Gohdes
Last of the Lutheran horseback circuit rides, who was known as a dynamic pastor, theologian, professor of history, philologist and a Christian gentleman. Died 1952 A.D. — Map (db m49580) HM
245West Virginia (Hardy County), Wardensville — Lost and Found
Here the Lost River disappears under Sandy Ridge. Two miles away on the other side of the mountain the stream is “found” again as the headwaters of the Cacapon River. This stream has the Indian name for “Medicine Waters.” — Map (db m74493) HM
246West Virginia (Hardy County), Wardensville — Oriskany Sand
The massive sandstone forming the cliff is the Oriskany of the driller, and the geologist. The "Oriskany Sand", an important gas sand, has produced in excess of a trillion cubic feet of gas in West Virginia. — Map (db m34572) HM
247West Virginia (Hardy County), Wardensville — Population Center
The population center of the United State was in present West Virginia four times as it moved westward across the nation: near Wardensville in 1820; at Smoke Hole in 1830; west of Buckhannon in 1840; near Burning Springs in 1850. — Map (db m23212) HM
248West Virginia (Hardy County), Wardensville — Wardensville
George Washington laid off land here for William Wallace Warden, Nov. 11, 1749. Warden built a stockade fort, near which members of his family were killed by Indians, 1758, and the fort burned. Scene of skirmishes in 1862-63. — Map (db m23209) HM
249West Virginia (Hardy County), Wardensville — West Virginia (Hardy County) / Virginia
West Virginia. (Hardy County) “The Mountain State”—western part of the Commonwealth of Virginia until June 20, 1863. Settled by the Germans and Scotch-Irish. It became a line of defense between the English and French during . . . — Map (db m74496) HM
250West Virginia (Harrison County), Bridgeport — Benedum Civic Center
Enlarged replica on site of original Michael L. Benedum family home, Benedum, born here 16 July 1869, died 30 July 1959. Known as the “Great Wildcatter” for success in oil exploration, he became as well known for philanthropy. Benedum . . . — Map (db m125816) HM
251West Virginia (Harrison County), Bridgeport — John Powers' Fort
On Simpson Creek is the site of fort built by John Powers, 1771. Nearby is grave of Col. Benjamin Wilson, soldier and settler. Here lived Joseph Johnson, only Virginia governor from west of Alleghenies; first elected by popular vote. — Map (db m4545) HM
252West Virginia (Harrison County), Bridgeport — Simpson Creek Covered Bridge
A. S. Hugill built 75' long by 14' wide multiple king-post truss bridge in 1881 for $1483 on land of John Lowe. Survived great flood of 1888 but was washed away from original site 1/2 miles upstream in 1899. — Map (db m8541) HM
253West Virginia (Harrison County), Clarksburg — "Stonewall" Jackson
Birthplace of General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. After a brilliant Mexican War record, he joined the Confederacy in 1861, earned his nickname and advancement in rank in first Battle of Bull Run, and was killed at Chancellorsville. — Map (db m73406) HM
254West Virginia (Harrison County), Clarksburg — Clarksburg
(side 1) Established 1785. Named for Gen. George Rogers Clark. John Simpson camped here in 1764. Early permanent settlements were made by the Davissons, Cottrills, Sotha Hickman, Nicholas Carpenter, and others. (side 2) . . . — Map (db m73413) HM
255West Virginia (Harrison County), Clarksburg — Towers School
Built in 1894 and named in honor of Reverend George Towers, graduate of Oxford, England who was a teacher at Randolph Academy. The Academy, authorized by the Virginia Assembly in 1787, stood just to the east and was the principal regional school . . . — Map (db m73405) HM
256West Virginia (Harrison County), Lost Creek — B & O Depot
Built 1892, following the completion of railroad in 1887. Lost Creek grew to become largest shipping point for cattle in West Virginia in 1915 and on entire B & O system, east of Mississippi in 1923. — Map (db m35331) HM
257West Virginia (Harrison County), Salem — Greenbrier Church & Cemetery
Site of Greenbrier Seventh Day Baptist Church, organized Aug. 1870 by members of New Salem church, est. 1792 in Salem. Met in log building; new church dedicated, 1880; razed, 1975. Rev. Peter Davis (1783-1885), original settler & Rev. Jacob Davis . . . — Map (db m142418) HM
258West Virginia (Harrison County), Shinnston — Big Elm
Site of “Big Elm,” tree awarded “largest of its kind in US” in 1876. Measured over 30 feet in circumference at its base. The tree began dying by 1905, with the cause attributed to disease, the building of a streetcar line, . . . — Map (db m125818) HM
259West Virginia (Harrison County), Shinnston — Granville Davisson Hall
Born in 1837, Hall worked at the Wheeling Intelligencer during the Civil War. His reporting during the creation of WV served as the basis for his publication, The Rending of Virginia. Hall also recorded the proceedings of the . . . — Map (db m125819) HM
260West Virginia (Harrison County), Shinnston — Levi Shinn House
Built, 1778, by Levi Shinn who came from New Jersey, 1773, and claimed tomahawk rights. Returned with family and brothers, Clement and Jonathan and settled. Sold part of land to Jonathan whose son, Levi, deeded it for site of Shinnston. — Map (db m125817) HM
261West Virginia (Harrison County), Shinnston — Shinnston Tornado
At 8:30 p.m. on June 23, 1944, a large tornado struck this area without warning because weather news was banned during WWII. The violent tornado lifted the West Fork River from its bed and left path of destruction up to 1,000' wide. Storm claimed . . . — Map (db m125820) HM
262West Virginia (Harrison County), Spelter — Spelter Community / Spelter Zinc Plant
Spelter Community Company town built for immigrant, primarily Spanish, zinc plant workers, 1910-11: housed 1,500 residents in 175 homes, renting for $11 per month by 1915. First known as Ziesing, for a company official; named Spelter for post . . . — Map (db m125821) HM
263West Virginia (Jackson County), Cottageville — Cottageville
Michael Coleman, member of a hunting party from frontier fort at Belleville, was killed and scalped by the Indians at this point about 1793. Near by at Mill Creek Falls, Benjamin Wright build an early power flour mill. — Map (db m124884) HM
264West Virginia (Jackson County), Kenna — Kenna
Post Office established here July 1, 1880, with Grandville P. Morrison as first postmaster. Named in honor of John Edward Kenna (1848-1893), member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1879-1883), and later elected to the U.S. Senate (1883-93). . . . — Map (db m73672) HM
265West Virginia (Jackson County), Ravenswood — Daniel Frost
Born in 1819, Frost was editor of Jackson County’s first newspaper, The Virginia Chronicle, which was burned in 1862 during Jenkins Raid for its pro-Union stance. He served as Speaker of the House for the Restored Government of Virginia, . . . — Map (db m124351) HM
266West Virginia (Jackson County), Ravenswood — Ravenswood / Ohio River Ford
Ravenswood These lands were surveyed, 1771, for George Washington by Colonel William Crawford, who later was taken captive by the Indians and burned at the stake. Washington camped here in 1770. Here is grave of Jesse Hughes, noted scout. . . . — Map (db m39625) HM
267West Virginia (Jackson County), Ravenswood — Washington’s Lands
Westward lies the Millwood Tract of 4,395 acres patented by George Washington on December 15, 1772, based on a survey made in June 1771. It bordered on the Ohio River above the Great Bend for “file miles and 700 poles.” — Map (db m124517) HM
268West Virginia (Jackson County), Ripley — Pfost-Greene Murders / Last Public Execution
On November 3, 1897, John Morgan murdered Chloe Greene and two of her three children, James Greene and Matilda Pfost. Daughter Alice Pfost managed to escape despite being wounded during the attack. G.W. Shamblen captured Morgan who was tried . . . — Map (db m124858) HM
269West Virginia (Jackson County), Ripley — Ripley
Established in 1832 on land which was settled by William John and Lewis Rogers in 1768 and later acquired by Jacob and Ann (Staats) Starcher. Near here lived Capt. William Parsons who was active in the early life of Jackson County. — Map (db m73650) HM
270West Virginia (Jackson County), Ripley — Staats Mill Covered Bridge
Built in 1887 over Tug Fork of Mill Creek and named for Enoch Statts' mill. Jackson Co. Court paid local builder H.T. Hartley $904 to erect "Long" truss wooden superstructure. Total cost of original 97 ft. bridge with stone abutments and approaches . . . — Map (db m73652) HM
271West Virginia (Jackson County), Sherman — Battle of Buffington Island
As General John H. Morgan’s raid into Indiana and Ohio came to a close, he tried to cross the Ohio River into WV. Reaching the Buffington Island ford late on July 18, 1863, he waited until the 19th to cross. Union troops and gunboats . . . — Map (db m143871) HM
272West Virginia (Jackson County), Staats Mill — Staats Mill Bridge
Raised in 1887 by order of Jackson County Court under presidency of George W. Shinn. Local builder H.T. Hartley erected the wooden superstructure at a cost of $904. Stone abutments were built by Quincy and Grim, local masons, at a cost of $710. . . . — Map (db m73653) HM
273West Virginia (Jefferson County), Aldridge — "Locust Hill"
A half mile southwest is the mansion built by John B. and Lucy Washington Packette in 1840. The center of conflict between Generals Early and Sheridan on August 21, 1864. Marks of the cannonading and musketry fire are yet visible. — Map (db m157729) HM
274West Virginia (Jefferson County), Aldridge — Cameron's Depot
Here, August 21, 1864, General Philip H. Sheridan's Federal forces were defeated by General Jubal A. Early. The fighting swept over such fine old estates as Harewood, Sulgrave, Tuscawillow, Cedar Lawn, and Locust Hill, still marked by shot and shell. — Map (db m157728) HM
275West Virginia (Jefferson County), Aldridge — Cedar Lawn
1½ mi. S is 1825 home of John T. A. Washington, a great nephew of the 1st president. Land part of "Harewood" plot of Sam’l Washington, a brother of George. Original site of 1780 home "Berry Hill." — Map (db m159500) HM
276West Virginia (Jefferson County), Aldridge — Richwood Hall
The original brick house was built on land owned by Lawrence Augustine Washington, the son of Samuel Washington, George’s brother. The present mansion-house, in an excellent state of preservation, was built about 1825. During the battle of Cameron’s . . . — Map (db m1885) HM
277West Virginia (Jefferson County), Aldridge — Ruins of St. George’s Chapel
This chapel was built by devout people of (then) Frederick Parish. Frederick County, Virginia joined Col. Robert Worthington in completing it in 1769. It was first called the English Church, then Berkeley Church, then Norborne Chapel, as the parish . . . — Map (db m2026) HM
278West Virginia (Jefferson County), Bardane — Peter Burr House
Built in 1751 by Peter Burr, cousin of Aaron Burr, on a grant of 480 acres from Lord Fairfax. The house is one of the state's oldest frame structures. It is a fine example of a mid-18th century Virginia family homestead which traces its origins to . . . — Map (db m12644) HM
279West Virginia (Jefferson County), Bloomery — Iron Furnaces
Thomas Mayberry agreed in 1742 to erect iron furnaces on the property of William Vestal. Here ore was mined and iron produced for the first time west of the Blue Ridge. Washington visited the iron furnaces here in 1760. — Map (db m59576) HM
280West Virginia (Jefferson County), Bolivar — Union Skirmish Line
Union troops on the crest and slope of Bolivar Heights to the East were attacked by Confederates lead by Gen. Jackson from School House Ridge to the West on 14 Sept. 1862. Private Paylor, Co. D., 111th NY, recalled this as "an awful fight." This . . . — Map (db m2944) HM
281West Virginia (Jefferson County), Charles Town — Charles Town
Founded in 1786 by Charles Washington, brother of the President. Here John Brown was tried and convicted of treason. Home of W. L. Wilson, Postmaster General, 1896, who here started the first rural free delivery in America. — Map (db m1650) HM
282West Virginia (Jefferson County), Charles Town — Freedom's Call — (Original Marker) —
Grave of Robert Rutherford, member of committee which in 1775 replied to orders of Lord Dunmore for Virginians to join British army or be held as rebels. This defiance was a gauntlet hurled at Dunmore's feet. (1½ Mi. N. E.) — Map (db m12624) HM
283West Virginia (Jefferson County), Charles Town — Freedom's Call — (New Marker) —
Grave of Robert Rutherford, member of committee which in 1775 replied to orders of Lord Dunmore for Virginians to join British army or be held as rebels. This defiance was a gauntlet hurled at Dunmore's feet. (1½ Mi. NE) — Map (db m12630) HM
284West Virginia (Jefferson County), Charles Town — John Yates Beall
Born in 1835 in Jefferson County, he joined the 2nd VA Infantry and was wounded at Bolivar Heights in October 1861. Commissioned acting master, Confederate States Navy, in 1863, he operated as a privateer. In 1864, Beall failed in a plan to free . . . — Map (db m157730) HM
285West Virginia (Jefferson County), Charles Town — Martin R. Delany
Free African-American, born 1812 in Charles Town. Died 1885. Ability to read forced family to move to PA in 1822. Studied medicine and attended Harvard in 1850. Published Mystery, first black newspaper west of Allegh. 1843-47, & co-edited . . . — Map (db m12639) HM
286West Virginia (Jefferson County), Charles Town — Old Stone House / Star Lodge No. 1
Old Stone House Star Lodge No. 1 and Queen of the Valley Lodge No. 1558, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, two African-American fraternal organizations, bought Old Stone House in 1885. Star Lodge sole owner since 1927. One of oldest extant . . . — Map (db m24678) HM
287West Virginia (Jefferson County), Duffields — General William Darke
Within these grounds is the home of General William Darke (1736-1801), who served as officer in American Revolution and in St. Clair's 1791 expedition against Miami Indians in Ohio. He served as delegate to the Virginia Convention called 1788 to . . . — Map (db m5347) HM
288West Virginia (Jefferson County), Franklintown — West Virginia / Virginia
South Facing Side: West Virginia (Jefferson County). “The Mountain State”—western part of the Commonwealth of Virginia until June 20, 1863. Settled by the Germans and Scotch-Irish. It became a line of defense between the . . . — Map (db m1783) HM
289West Virginia (Jefferson County), Halltown — "Beallair"
Colonel Lewis Washington, who lived here, was one of the hostages captured by John Brown in 1859 in his raid on Harpers Ferry. When captured, Brown wore a sword, once owned by George Washington, taken from this home. (1 Mi. N.). — Map (db m12066) HM
290West Virginia (Jefferson County), Harpers Ferry — Harpers Ferry / John Brown’s Fort
(West Facing Side): Harpers Ferry Named for Robert Harper, who settled here in 1747 and operated ferry. Site purchased for Federal arsenal and armory in 1796. John Hall first used interchangeable gun parts here. Travel route thru Blue . . . — Map (db m82777) HM
291West Virginia (Jefferson County), Harpers Ferry — Jefferson County / State of Maryland
(East Facing Side): Jefferson County Formed in 1801 from Berkeley. Named for Thomas Jefferson. Home of Generals Gates, Drake, and Charles Lee. Here four companies of Washington's men organized. Shepherdstown was strongly urged as the seat . . . — Map (db m2947) HM
292West Virginia (Jefferson County), Harpers Ferry — Lewis and Clark
Meriwether Lewis arrived March 16, 1803. Oversaw building of collapsible iron framed, skin-clad boat and acquired supplies, tomahawks, and rifles. Left for Pennsylvania on April 18; returned July 7 to gather materials and left next day for . . . — Map (db m2149) HM
293West Virginia (Jefferson County), Harpers Ferry — Prize of War
Harpers Ferry was much sought by North and South, 1861-1865. Its garrison of 12,000 Union troops was captured by an army of Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson, Sept. 15, 1862, on way to join Lee at Antietam. The Catholic Church was used as Federal hospital. — Map (db m2935) HM
294West Virginia (Jefferson County), Harpers Ferry — The Niagara Movement
Here, on August 15-19, 1906, on the Storer College campus, the Niagara Movement held their first open and public meeting on American soil. Organized by W.E.B. Du Bois and others a year earlier in Erie Beach, Ontario, Canada, the Niagara Movement . . . — Map (db m2937) HM
295West Virginia (Jefferson County), Kearneysville — "Travelers' Rest"
Home of Gen. Horatio Gates, built on land bought, 1763. Gates, once a British officer, joined the Revolutionary Army, and was the leader of the Continentals in decisive victory over Gen. Burgoyne at Saratoga. (1/2 Mi. S. W.) — Map (db m12068) HM
296West Virginia (Jefferson County), Leetown — "Prato Rio"
Home of General Charles Lee, built on land bought in 1774. Lee, colonel in British army, resigned his commission and joined the colonists after Battle of Lexington. On this estate, the U.S. Government maintains a fish hatchery. — Map (db m12069) HM
297West Virginia (Jefferson County), Leetown — “The Bower”
Three miles west, on Opequon Creek, lived General Adam Stephen, 1754–1772. Original tract, with hunting lodge, was bought in 1750. The present mansion was built by Adam Stephen Dandridge, his grandson, in 1805. — Map (db m1746) HM
298West Virginia (Jefferson County), Leetown — Johnsontown
Founded by free African Americans, George W. & Betty Johnson, in 1848 on 12 acres, it was the first free black community in the state. Johnsons and other families built number of homes and a log, one ~ room graded school, which also served as a . . . — Map (db m97384) HM
299West Virginia (Jefferson County), Middleway — Jefferson County / Berkeley County
Jefferson County. Formed, 1801, from Berkeley. Named for Thomas Jefferson. Home of Gens. Gates, Darke, and Charles Lee. Here four companies of Washington’s men organized. Shepherdstown was strongly urged as the seat of the National Capitol. . . . — Map (db m3449) HM
300West Virginia (Jefferson County), Mountain Mission — Jefferson County / State of Virginia
Jefferson County Formed in 1801 from Berkeley. Named for Thomas Jefferson. Home of Generals Gates, Drake, and Charles Lee. Here four companies of Washington’s men organized. Shepherdstown was strongly urged as a seat of the National Capital. . . . — Map (db m1949) HM

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Nov. 8, 2020