388 entries match your criteria. Entries 201 through 300 are listed here. ⊲ Previous 100 — The final 88 ⊳
Former U.S. Presidents: #07 Andrew Jackson Historical Markers
By Bryan Olson, May 2007
Chalmette Monument Marker (Seconday Marker)
GEOGRAPHIC SORT
| | [Main Marker]:
This monument was erected by the State of Louisiana and the United States to commemorate the memorable victory won here by General Andrew Jackson and the men under his command in the Battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1815. . . . — — Map (db m59218) HM |
| | The construction of a monument honoring Andrew Jackson and his troops was the first step in recognizing the importance of the battlefield and saving it for future generations. In 1852 the Louisiana legislature appropriated funds to purchase land at . . . — — Map (db m97212) HM |
| | Built as a mill race that provided water to power a sawmill, by 1815 the Rodriguez Canal had long been abandoned. With its collapsed banks and grass-covered bottom, the canal resembled a ditch more than a waterway, but it provided a perfect . . . — — Map (db m97125) HM |
| | The Rodriguez and Macarty plantations served as the American camp during the Battle of New Orleans. Major General Andrew Jackson used the upper floors of the Macarty house as his headquarters and observation post, allowing him to monitor British . . . — — Map (db m97127) HM |
| | Discovering American militia and artillery on the west bank of the Mississippi River, British General Pakenham ordered Lieutenant Colonel William B. Thornton to lead an attack force across the river. Thornton was to capture the American guns and . . . — — Map (db m6221) HM |
| | On December 25, 1814, American Major General Andrew Jackson began fortifying the Mississippi River's west bank. By January 8 it was defended by nearly a thousand Kentucky and Louisiana militiamen and several artillery batteries, some armed with . . . — — Map (db m97132) HM |
| | These Versailles Oaks Were planted in 1783 by Pierre Denis De La Ronde Born New Orleans, April 20, 1762 Died December 2, 1824 Here he also built a French Colonial residence He was Lieut. at conquest of W. Florida. Military Commandant . . . — — Map (db m99230) HM |
| | December 14, 1814 - desperate delaying action by a small squadron of five American gunboats, a tender, and one dispatch boat under the command of Lt. Thomas ap Catesby Jones. Facing them was a large flotilla of armed British barges carrying about . . . — — Map (db m99357) HM |
| | Originally called "Cokie" (from Coquille) because of the abundance of shells in the area. Renamed for Pres. James Madison, c. 1811. Site of Navy Yard in early 1800's. According to legend, Gen. Andrew Jackson, enroute to New Orleans in Nov. 1814, . . . — — Map (db m99129) HM |
| | Born here on Wiltshire Manor in Caroline County in 1780. Moved to Foxley Hall, Easton on 1795. He read law under Judge Marshall. He met Andrew Jackson traveling across the Eastern Shore to the United States Congress. He moved to Nashville Tennessee. . . . — — Map (db m46119) HM |
| | In 1842, Francis Preston Blair built a country house very near this park and divided his time between his 300 acre farm and his city residence "Blair House", which is now the President's official guest house in Washington, D.C. Blair was a powerful . . . — — Map (db m75736) HM |
| | Francis Preston Blair brought his family to Washington from Kentucky at the invitation of President Andrew Jackson to publish a newspaper supporting his administration. Between 1842 and 1854, the Blair family built three summer homes in Silver . . . — — Map (db m61875) HM |
| | The community of Silver Spring derives its name from a mica flecked sparkling spring which existed in the immediate area and is now commemorated in this park. Francis Preston Blair, who came to Maryland from Kentucky to publish a newspaper in . . . — — Map (db m101) HM |
| | Named for Samuel Ingham, Secretary of the Treasury under Andrew Jackson, Ingham County was organized in 1838. In 1840 Mason became the county seat. The town’s wide public square had been designed as the county’s political and business center. The . . . — — Map (db m142680) HM |
| | Pioneers in the 1830's by the tens of thousands traveled west over the Territorial Road (roughly parallel to I-94). Many of them stopped in the Jackson area to take up land. Jackson County was named after Andrew Jackson and organized in 1832. The . . . — — Map (db m86567) HM |
| | The railroad came to Ypsilanti in 1838. The inaugural ride was truly a distinguished party that included the 19 year old "Boy Governor," Stevens T. Mason and John D. Pierce, the first State Superintendent of Education. Their arrival on a cold . . . — — Map (db m103371) HM |
| |
On August 20, 1862, Andrew Jackson, a circuit-rider minister, was conducting services for members of the New Sweden Church (Lebanon Lutheran) at the Lundborg family cabin at this site. Young Peter Broberg interrupted to tell his parents that . . . — — Map (db m77823) HM |
| | Here, on April 22, 1815, over 200 citizens of the Old Natchez District entertained General Andrew Jackson on his return from the victory over the British at the Battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1815. — — Map (db m105788) HM |
| | This memorial marks a stage on the “Natchez Trace.” The first highway opened through the lower South, by the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830, between the American government and the Choctaw Indians. The surrounding country became . . . — — Map (db m87495) HM |
| | On Dec. 14, 1814, five U.S. gunboats fired on a British fleet entering Lake Borgne. Their action was the last naval defense of the U.S. before the victory of General Andrew Jackson at New Orleans. — — Map (db m78939) HM |
| | The home of Andrew Jackson, Jr., a nephew and the adopted son of President Jackson, was located here. Jackson and his wife Sarah, who named the plantation, lived here just before the Civil War. The Jacksons sold the property in 1861. The house, . . . — — Map (db m108577) HM |
| | This stone marks the crossing of the Natchez Trace, pioneer highway of Mississippi Territory, blazed through the forest during the administration of Gov. W.C.C. Clairborne.
Over it marched the Tennessee troops to join Andrew Jackson in 1812. . . . — — Map (db m115391) HM |
| | On January 12, 1836, Isaac Caldwell, a former law partner of Senator George Poindexter, fought a duel with Samuel Gwin, a protégé of Andrew Jackson. The duel was the result of a lengthy political quarrel that began in 1830, when the senator blocked . . . — — Map (db m119217) HM |
| | As the state capitol (1839-1903), this building was the site of the 1861 Secession Convention and 1868 and 1890 Constitutional Conventions. Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and Jefferson Davis spoke here. After housing state offices 1917-1959, the Old . . . — — Map (db m71069) HM |
| | Begun in 1833. Here Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and Jefferson Davis spoke. Was scene of 1861 Secession Convention, Black and Tan Convention of 1868, & 1890 Constitutional Convention. — — Map (db m71070) HM |
| | Two of Jackson’s historic hotels once stood at this site. The Eagle Hotel, originally a tavern, was built in 1823. Andrew Jackson was a guest here in 1840. Alexander McClung, editor and Mexican War hero, committed suicide at the hotel in 1855. The . . . — — Map (db m51178) HM |
| | South, ¼ mi. is the site of mansion, Springfield, built by Thos. M. Green, wealthy planter and prominent in public affairs. Here in 1791 Andrew Jackson was married to Rachel Robards. — — Map (db m136960) HM |
| | Born in 1771 in Virginia, Reuben Kemper moved to Spanish West Florida in 1800 and was active in the affairs of the Mississippi Territory. After several attempts to overthrow Spanish rule by force, Kemper's vision became reality in 1810 when the . . . — — Map (db m140652) HM |
| | The road crossing the Parkway follows the Robinson Road which was built in 1821; nearly all of it passing through the country of the Choctaw Indians. It joined Jackson, Mississippi, and Columbus, center of the “settlements on the . . . — — Map (db m87487) HM |
| | In the early 1800's ordinary Americans could not be bothered with learning the names of Chickasaw villages on the Natchez Trace. One they called Old Town, and passed the name on to the stream running through this valley. It is one of the sources of . . . — — Map (db m84799) HM |
| | Built by War Department 1817-20, to connect New Orleans with Nashville. Suggested by & named for Gen. Andrew Jackson. Soon became an important commercial & telegraph route. — — Map (db m8585) HM |
| | Named for the Choctaw Indian Agency
once located in this area, Old Agency
Road is a portion of the original road
system that formed the old Natchez
Trace. Its sunken roadbed and high
earthen banks are evocative of the
narrow road that . . . — — Map (db m115374) HM |
| | Named for the Choctaw Indian Agency once located in this area, Old Agency Road is a portion of the original road system that formed the old Natchez Trace. Its sunken roadbed and high earthen banks are evocative of the narrow road that linked Natchez . . . — — Map (db m115375) HM |
| | Located one mile east. The oldest house in Pearl River Valley. Built about 1805 by Methodist preacher, John Ford, who came from South Carolina. Andrew Jackson stopped here, 1814, enroute to New Orleans. — — Map (db m115379) HM |
| | So called in honor of "Old Hickory," Andrew Jackson. His name given to military road built, 1817-1820, connecting New Orleans with Nashville & passing through this location. — — Map (db m111026) HM |
| | This is a two sided marker
Side A:
Here in the Ozark Highland of Missouri, Hickory County was organized 1845, and named for U.S. President Andrew Jackson, known as "Old Hickory." Lying in the Osage land cession of 1808, the county . . . — — Map (db m78761) HM |
| | This statue
presented to
the people of
Jackson County by
Harry S. Truman
President of
the United States
1949
Accepted for
the people of
Jackson County by
the County Court
——————
Harry . . . — — Map (db m34847) HM |
| | Just north of this point, on the boundary between Bow and Concord a large cavalcade of enthusiastic citizens met President Jackson and escorted him to New Hampshire’s Capital. His official reception by the State Government on the following day, . . . — — Map (db m77801) HM |
| | Martin Van Buren
1782 - 1862
resided at 92 State Street
on this site
while serving as 9th Governor of
the State of New York 1828 - 1829
He is famed for his distinguished career as boy-lawyer, surrogate, judge, state senator, Attorney . . . — — Map (db m5439) HM |
| |
Home of Enoch Ambler
Inventor of First
Mowing Machine
Patent Signed by Pres.
Andrew Jackson in 1834
Heritage & Genealogical Soc. of Montg. Co
— — Map (db m68671) HM |
| | [Left plaque]:
Last of a series of forts which, from the Dutch settlement of 1624, guarded lower Manhattan, this structure was built by the United States in the years 1808 to 1811. It was first called "West Battery," and was one of the . . . — — Map (db m148097) HM |
| | 22 plaques with Union Square highlights.
1) Start here: Union Square 1839 plaque at Union Square East and East 15th Street
2) “Union Square was named for the union of Bowrie Lane and Bloomingdale Road, which is now Broadway.”
3) . . . — — Map (db m149541) HM |
| | Court Houses that served old Surry County. Wright Court House Site is located one mile south. Richmond Court House Site is located one mile northeast. Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States, was admitted to the bar to practice law in . . . — — Map (db m98706) HM |
| | Secretary of War under Andrew Jackson; United States Senator from Tennessee; Florida governor; United States minister to Spain. Born here. — — Map (db m46309) HM |
| | Junaluska was a peace-loving Chief in Western North
Carolina. When Lake Junaluska was established, the name selected was that of the mountain keeping vigil over the lake-Junaluska Mountain - Honoring the chief. Chief Junaluska, member of the famous . . . — — Map (db m17347) HM |
| | Studied law under Spruce Macay, 1784 – 85, at an office which stood 1 bl. W. Admitted to the bar in Rowan County, Nov. 6, 1787. — — Map (db m34204) HM |
| | Here was born
March 15, 1767,
Andrew Jackson
Seventh president of
the United States — — Map (db m80565) HM |
| | 1795 - 1849
James Knox Polk
of Mecklenburg County
President 1845 - 1849
He enlarged our national boundaries
1767 - 1845
Andrew Jackson
of Union County
President 1829 - 1837
He revitalized American Democracy
1808 - . . . — — Map (db m40797) HM |
| | The Bradford Tavern, West Union’s first inn built circa 1804,
served the Maysville-Zanesville stagecoach route and such travelers as Andrew
Jackson, Henry Clay, and Santa Anna. After 1840,
it was continued as the Marlatt House and,
later, the . . . — — Map (db m135307) HM |
| | Council Oak Of the three things for which the site is historically important, only one survives - the famous Council Oak. Given the power of speech, the great tree could tell a stirring story of council meetings, torture of war prisoners, and . . . — — Map (db m100804) HM |
| | Having settled in the Ridgeville area with his father, Justice McLean, in 1799, Justice John McLean was appointed to the United States Supreme Court in 1829 by President Andrew Jackson. He was best known for his anti-slavery dissenting opinion in . . . — — Map (db m26546) HM |
| | Elijah Bristow, a veteran of Andrew Jackson's army, erected his cabin here on Pleasant Hill in 1846, earliest year of settlement in Lane County. He and his wife Susannah then led in establishing the county's first church and first school. This . . . — — Map (db m99218) HM |
| |
1773 - 1917
16 December 1773 - "The Boston Tea Party"
19 April 1775 - "Shot heard round the world"
Lexington & Concord, MA
15 June 1775 - The first Continental Congress
elects George Washington as the first military
Commander in . . . — — Map (db m110397) HM WM |
| | Country estate of Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844), poet, lawyer, agriculturalist, state senator, and president of the Second Bank of the United States. Biddle's struggle with President Andrew Jackson over the Bank's financial control of the nation's . . . — — Map (db m85988) HM |
| | A notable example of Greek Revival architecture, this building follows in many regards Latrobe’s design of 1818. It was erected in 1819 – 1824 by his pupil, Strickland, as the Second Bank of the United States. The first of modern adaptations . . . — — Map (db m106128) HM |
| | “The portico of the glorious edifice . . . always repays me for coming to Philadelphia” —Philip Hone, 1838 Here stands the Second Bank of the United States. Established in 1816 to hold government deposits and regulate . . . — — Map (db m9222) HM |
| |
In memory of
Elizabeth Hutchinson
Jackson
Mother of
Andrew Jackson
President of the U.S. 1829-1837
Who gave her life in the
cause of independence
while nursing Revolutionary
soldiers in Charles Town
and is buried in . . . — — Map (db m27509) HM |
| | Near this spot is buried,
Elizabeth Jackson,
Mother of President Andrew Jackson,
She gave her life cheerfully for
the independence of her country,
on an unrecorded date in Nov, 1781,
and to her son Andy this advice:
"Andy, never tell . . . — — Map (db m54621) HM |
| | [Front Side]
Located about 4 mi. E., this ford, an early Indian crossing, was probably named for Thomas Land who received a nearby land grant from the Crown in 1775. Used by Patriot and British armies during the American Revolution. Later . . . — — Map (db m13757) HM |
| | On this corner stood the gaol, built in 1771 and burned in 1812. During the Revolution the British imprisoned in it many American soldiers and civilians. Among them, after his capture near the Waxhaws, was the boy Andrew Jackson, later seventh . . . — — Map (db m27620) HM |
| | Captured Americans were confined in Camden throughout the British occupation. When the American army approached the town in August 1780, British troops locked the town’s patriot leaders in the jail (located on the southeast corner of Broad and King . . . — — Map (db m49106) HM |
| |
[West Side]
Erected to the memory of Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson. Mother of Andrew Jackson seventh President of the United States.
[South Side]
It was her zeal for accomplishment that made handicaps seem to resolve . . . — — Map (db m23792) HM |
| |
About 3 miles W. is Waxhaw Presbyterian Church, organized 1755, first church in upper South Carolina. President Andrew Jackson, born nearby, was baptized there. His father lies in the churchyard with other early settlers of the Waxhaws and many . . . — — Map (db m23790) HM |
| |
[Marker Front]
The first church in upper So. Car. This 4½ acre tract was deeded to the congregation by Robert Miller school teacher and minister, Mar.9, 1758. The first pastor was Rev. Wm. Richardson, 1759-1771. The earliest . . . — — Map (db m121920) HM |
| | Andrew Jackson, 7th president of the United States, grew up on this site during the American Revolution.
His Scotch-Irish Presbyterian upbringing in this Waxhaws backcountry settlement helped shape his character, his military success and his . . . — — Map (db m95423) HM |
| | Seventh President of the United States. Near this site on South Carolina soil Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, at the plantation whereon James Crawford lived and where Jackson himself said he was born. — — Map (db m23765) HM |
| | Seventh President of the United States. Near this site on South Carolina soil Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, at the plantation whereon James Crawford lived and where Jackson himself said he was born. — — Map (db m24035) HM |
| |
[Carving Side]
"I was born in So Carolina, as I have been told, at the plantation whereon James Crawford lived about one mile from the Carolina Road X of the Waxhaw Creek" Andrew Jackson to J.H. Witherspoon, August 11, 1824.
Jackson . . . — — Map (db m23781) HM |
| | Scotch-Irish Presbyterians called their worship places Meeting Houses to emphasize that the structure is a building and that the church is the body of believers. The community came to the Meeting House not only to worship, but also for recreation, . . . — — Map (db m23768) HM |
| | Andrew Jackson, champion of the common, is a larger-than-life hero. He has been memorialized throughout American history. The idea of commemorating Jackson with a statue in the land of his birth was conceived by Perry Belle Hough of the Lancaster . . . — — Map (db m23775) HM |
| | When Andrew Jackson was a boy, he attended log-cabin schools much like this replica.
In this backcountry region of devout, hard working Scotch-Irish immigrants, most children learned enough at local "common" schools to read the Bible and run . . . — — Map (db m23771) HM |
| | This statue of the young Andrew Jackson is a gift to the children of South Carolina by the sculptor, Anna Hyatt Huntington. Children of the elementary schools throughout the state contributed their nickel and dimes for the base.
"We, the . . . — — Map (db m23779) HM |
| |
Andrew Jackson State Park honors the memory of the seventh president of the United States, who spent his boyhood here in the Waxhaws area. A museum tells the story of Jackson's experiences and life in the South Carolina backcountry from his birth . . . — — Map (db m95428) HM |
| |
This 360-acre park was established to honor the seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson.
The museum tells the story of Jackson's boyhood experiences during the Revolutionary War and highlights life in the South Carolina . . . — — Map (db m95425) HM |
| |
John C. Calhoun's Plantation Office was his private sanctuary and housed both his study and library during his twenty-five year residency at Fort Hill. In this building Calhoun developed and set forth his most historically significant . . . — — Map (db m9566) HM |
| | Named in honor of Gen. Andrew Jackson. This cantonment site 1 ½ mi. north was approved by the War Dept. June 2, 1917. Maximum strength was recorded in June 1918: 3,302 officers; 45,402 men. 81st Division was trained here Aug. 29, 1917-May 18, . . . — — Map (db m30740) HM |
| | Battle Bigger's Ferry 1780,
3 mi. east of this point on Catawba River between
Lord Rawdon's and Sumter's Forces. Whigs commanded by Cols. Hill and Lacey.
New Aquisition School attended by Pres. Andrew Jackson 1779 and the widow Howe's cottage . . . — — Map (db m59031) HM |
| | Wartrace is located on a 5000-acre North Carolina grant acquired by General Andrew
Jackson at an 1802 marshal's sale in Nashville. In 1805, Jackson came to the area to establish his boundaries for the opening of the lands for settlement by the . . . — — Map (db m152096) HM |
| |
Established 1823; Named in honor of
Colonel John Gibson
who served with distinction under
General Andrew Jackson in the
Natchez Expedition, 1812 - 13,
and in the Creek Wars. — — Map (db m52134) HM |
| | Coffee County
Established 1836; named in honor of
Major General John Coffee
soldier, surveyor, and close friend of Andrew Jackson. Tennessee troops under his command took a decisive part in the New Orleans Campaign, December 23, 1814 to . . . — — Map (db m150467) HM |
| | Coffee County
Established 1836; named in honor of
Major General John Coffee
Soldier, surveyor and close friend of Andrew Jackson. Tennessee troops under his command took a decisive part in the New Orleans Campaign, December 23, 1814 to . . . — — Map (db m81380) HM |
| | Built in 1858 by Dr. James Hoggatt on land inherited from his father, Capt. John Hoggatt, a Revolutionary War soldier, this fine Italian villa style home is centered in an area of local historical significance. John Donelson settled early in this . . . — — Map (db m147571) HM |
| | When Jackson's plantation turned a profit in the 1820s, he invested it in slaves and buildings. Letters sent from Jackson to Andrew Jackson Jr. and his overseer in 1829 show that brick was being made for new buildings. In September 1829, Andrew . . . — — Map (db m85383) HM |
| | Rachel Jackson quietly suffered through Jackson’s bid for the White House, as his enemies attacked the circumstances of their marriage. Although Jackson easily won the presidency, Rachel dreaded the gossiping whispers of Washington’s social circles. . . . — — Map (db m81403) HM |
| | Andrew Jackson arrived at the Hermitage in 1804 with nine slaves. By 1821, that number had risen to fifty. In 1823, Jackson brought another thirty enslaved African Americans here from his recently sold Alabama plantation.
Faced with pressing . . . — — Map (db m81405) HM |
| | The idyllic planter’s life presented to white visitors by the Jackson family was based on the unpaid labor of over 150 enslaved black men, women, and children. Without the grueling labor of these individuals, the Jackson family could not have lived . . . — — Map (db m52407) HM |
| | In the years after Andrew Jackson’s death, the Jackson’s financial situation changed for the worse. The log farmhouse/slave cabin slowly fell into ruin. In 1889, the state of Tennessee entrusted the property to the Ladies’ Hermitage Association. . . . — — Map (db m81406) HM |
| | Although no Civil War battles were fought here, the war touched Andrew Jackson's farm in other ways. Jackson had been a firm Unionist, putting down Nullification and its potential for civil war during his presidency. However, after his death, his . . . — — Map (db m85365) HM |
| | In 1780, the Gower party, tending Middle Tennessee's first cotton and corn crop, were killed or captured by Indians. On nearby Stone's River some flatboats were built for Aaron Burr's abortive expedition. The famous match races between Andrew . . . — — Map (db m147672) HM |
| | In spite of the threat of violence, the men, women, and children who Andrew Jackson held in bondage still found ways to fight against the injustice and inhumanity of slavery. There were several instances of slaves running away. Jackson family . . . — — Map (db m85475) HM |
| | From this point, you have many tour options inviting you to think about another time here at this 1120–acre National Historic Landmark. Use the map to guide you to any of the many points of interest you’ll find throughout Andrew Jackson’s . . . — — Map (db m85369) HM |
| | Andrew Jackson built a cotton gin and press at The Hermitage in 1807, both of which stood in the field in front of you. It was a shrewd decision on Jackson's part, not only making his plantation more self-sufficient, but also generating additional . . . — — Map (db m85479) HM |
| | Andrew Jackson called it his farm, but in reality, The Hermitage was a large cotton plantation dependent upon enslaved labor. All the agricultural activities on Jackson’s 1000 – acre plantation supported his cotton. On average, Jackson’s . . . — — Map (db m81422) HM |
| | On Cumberland River, two miles north, was Andrew Jackson's plantation, Hunter's Hill, which he bought in 1796 and where he lived until 1804 when he sold it to Colonel Edward Ward and removed to the adjoining tract to which he gave the name of the . . . — — Map (db m147681) HM |
| | For the Jackson family, the enslaved were property and the foundation of their wealth. The monetary value of the enslaved far exceeded the combined worth of the Hermitage land, mansion and other improvements.
Andrew Jackson himself had no . . . — — Map (db m52412) HM |
| | Stone Hall and the cabin Eversong on the Stones River are situated on land that
before white settlers came was Native American Indian hunting grounds controlled
primarily by the Cherokee, but also used by the Shawnee and Chickasaw. . . . — — Map (db m147665) HM |
| | Artifacts found during excavations of the Field Quarter have much to say about daily life within the Hermitage enslaved community. Animal bones tell us a great deal about diet. Buttons and sewing equipment provide details about clothing. Marbles, . . . — — Map (db m85445) HM |
| | These log buildings tell a remarkable American story unlike any other. From 1804 to 1821, as a two-story farmhouse and kitchen outbuilding, the First Hermitage housed future United States President Andrew Jackson and his family. Here, Jackson lived . . . — — Map (db m52420) HM |
| | This small brick privy or necessary is something of a mystery. No documents or illustrations record the presence of such a building when the Jackson family lived on the property. Archaelogical evidence suggests that an older building may have stood . . . — — Map (db m85374) HM |
| | Home of Andrew Jackson (1767~1845), Major General in the Army, hero of the Battle of New Orleans, and seventh President of the United States. It was originally built in 1819; partially burned in 1834, during Jackson's second term, replaced by the . . . — — Map (db m36280) HM |
388 entries matched your criteria. Entries 201 through 300 are listed above. ⊲ Previous 100 — The final 88 ⊳
RSS Feed